Authors Guide Line

Instructions for Authors

International Review of Humanities and Scientific Research (IRHSR) publishes peer reviewed papers in the field of Scientific and Humanities Research. Papers submitted to this journal should contain original research work and should not be submitted for publication elsewhere. After the preliminary evaluation by the Editorial Office, the papers are sent to two relevant experts for evaluation. The reviewers’ comments play a vital role in decision making, however, the Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision whether to accept a manuscript for publication or not. 

Submission of Manuscripts

Manuscripts can be submitted using the online submission system: www.irhsr.org, however, if you face any problem in online submission, kindly send your manuscript (as a PDF file) and a covering letter with at least 3 potential reviewers (experts in the relevant field) by e mail to: editor@irhsr.org , info@irhsr.org. The editor may not necessary send the manuscript for review to the reviewers suggested by the authors. Upon receipt, the manuscripts are allocated an identification number which should be used in all future correspondence. After initial assessment by one of the Editors, if the manuscript is found suitable in terms of its technical contents and presentation (e.g., language, Figures, References, etc), it is sent out to two reviewers. We try to complete the review process in minimum possible time. The Review process normally takes about two weeks, however, it may take longer. The feedback of the reviewers and the editors’ decision, whatsoever, is conveyed to the corresponding author.

Manuscript Format

Generally the manuscript should consist of (Title, Author names and affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, and References). You may add Acknowledgment before References, if required. Manuscript must be written in English (UK/USA). The main text should be typed in 10 point Times New Roman Font, single spaced. Title and subtitle font size should be 12 and 11, respectively. Define all symbols at their first appearance in the text.

Size of the manuscript

IRHSR is flexible regarding the size (number of words or pages) of the manuscript. Normally a manuscript would be in the range of 3000 to 7000 words, however, the manuscript could go up to 10000 words (maximum) if required, including Tables and Figures (to estimate the number of words for Tables and Figures the author needs to allocate about 400 words for each Table or Figure). Short communications should follow the same format as for the original research papers but the text must not exceed 2000 words. Manuscripts should be in single column format of size A4, single spaced, with 3 cm margin on each side and paginated. Add line numbers to each page separately.For further help with the style, authors should download sample paper and organize their papers strictly in line with it. The submitted manuscript must be formatted according to the instructions, otherwise the manuscript will be sent back to the author for correction.

Title page

Title should contain the following fields:

a. Manuscript type: Original Research Article/Review article/Shot communication

b. Title: Complete title of the manuscript

c. Authors: Full names of the authors along with their affiliations (please do not use abbreviations)

d. Corresponding author: You should indicate one of the authors as corresponding authors and provide e-mail address of the corresponding author.Corresponding author will handle correspondence at all stages of publication and post-publication.

Abstract

Abstract should not be more than 250 words. An abstract is simply an overview of the paper. Here the author should tell the readers in as few sentences as possible, what they will find in the paper.Generally an abstract touches on the aim, the methods, the results, and the conclusion of the study. Abstract title and text should be italicized and typed in 10 point Times New Roman Font, single spaced.

1. Keywords

Four to fiveappropriate keywords.

Introduction

IRHSR prefers a concise over a comprehensive introduction. The introduction should set the scene for the rest of the paper. This should tell the reader (reviewers): What the problem is; What has already been done about it and by whom; How your work fits in. Here you should state what you will do that has not been done before (e.g., new experimental approach? new data? new model? new interpretation?), don’t provide details of these. Details should be provided in the Materials and Methods section. In other words, the author should review the existing literature, determine a research gap and specify objectives as to how he/she is going to fill this gap.

Materials and Methods

Materials and methods should be detailed enough to properly explain what you did (methods), and what you used to do it (materials). It is one of the principles of science that a paper should contain sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced.You should explain what is especially different about your methods. Already published methods should be referenced properly.

Results and Discussion

In this section, you should present the output of the experiments, model or computation. If you are writing ‘results’ in a separate section, report your results simply, without opinion or interpretation at this stage and don’t mix ‘results’ with ‘discussion’. In discussion you are seeking to extract principles, relationships, or generalisations from the results. Sometimes it is hard to write separate results and discussion sections properly. Therefore, it might be easierto combine these as a single section.

Present the output in a form that other people can understand and use. Don’t just say results are given in Table X. Give emphasis in the text to the most important aspects of the Tables and Figures. Summarize, analyse, explain, and evaluate previously published work, don’t merely report it uncritically.

Figures captions 
Each Figure should have a caption, which is a brief title and a description of the illustration. Try to use minimum text in caption, however explain all symbols and abbreviations so that it can stand alone. Caption should not be on the figure itself, it should be place below the Figure. Number Figures consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text, e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. Figures should be embedded in the text after the paragraph in which Figures are referred to, and not at the end of manuscript.

Table captions
Like Figures Tables should be numbered consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.  Tables should be embedded in the text after the paragraph wherein the Tables are referred to, and not at the end of manuscript. Avoid use of large and complex tables. Table caption should be placed above the Table but not attached to it, for example,

Table 1. Descriptions…….

Conclusion should be brief and should sum up the discussion. Conclusion is not the duplicate of the abstract, it is rather a sub-part of the abstract. The abstract is an overview of the entire paper, whereas the conclusion is a summing up of the advances in knowledge that have emerged from this paper. A proper conclusion should tell the readers what they can do with the newly acquired knowledge. As a part of the conclusion, perhaps you can suggest further research or can list any reservations or limitations of the study.Conclusion

Acknowledgement

Here you should briefly acknowledge those who help you in writing the manuscript or conducting your research and are not included in the authors. Also mention funding bodies, if any.

References

References shall tell the readers where an idea, prior results and data have come from. It is important that you reference all such sources. Carefully read the journal instructions regarding the format of references both in-text citation and in the reference list. More references show that you know the current literature, however avoid over citing and irrelevant literature.

Author is responsiblefor providing complete and accurate information in each reference. All references used in the manuscript must be cited within the text and should be listed in the reference section.The reference list should be arranged first alphabetically and then chronologically (year of publication).

References in the text

Within in the text you should mention the year of publication and the last name (without initial) of the author (in case there is one author) or last name of both authors (in case there are two authors) or the last name of the first author followed by et al. (in case there are more than 2 authors).If there are 2 or more references at the same point in the manuscript, they should be separated by semi-colon (;) within the parentheses.

For example,

“High level of air pollutants is one of the growing concerns in large urban areas (Munir, 2015; Munir and Ali, 2014; Habeebullah et al., 2013).

As reported by PBS (2015)……….(Website example, see below for how to list a website in the reference list).

Reference list

1. Examples of Journal Article Reference

Author(s) Family/Surname/Last Name, Initials., Publication year. Title of article. Title of journal (Abreviated), Volume number (Issue number, if any): page numbers of the article.

For example:

Munir, S., H. Chen, and K. Ropkins. 2013. Modelling the impact of road traffic on ground level ozone concentration using a quantile regression approach. Atmospheric Environment, 60: 283-291.

Jan, M.T.,and F. Munsif. 2000. Influence of planting dates on yield of wheat. Pak. J. Bot., 45(3):273–279.

Akhtar, J., M.A. Subhan, A. Nadeem, M.S. Shah, and M.A. Ibrahim. 2000. Differential response of         rice cultivars against salinity. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 2: 10–13.

2. Example for Book Reference

Khan, M.A., and E. Zulfiqar.2009. Plant Physiology, 9th edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

3. Example of Report Reference

Last name of Authors, Initials., OR (Organisation Name), Year. Full title of the report. Organisation the report written for or submitted to. Available from URL (if available on line).

WHO, 2002. World health report. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/en/ [accessed: 21/12/2015].

Carslaw, D., 2011. Defra Regional and Transboundary Model Evaluation Analysis – Phase 1. Version: 15^th April 2011. Published by the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs of the United Kingdom. Available from:

http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat20/1105091514_RegionalFinal.pdf. [Accessed: 21/12/2015].

4. Example of Web site/Homepage Reference

The name and full URL of the website should be provided and the date when the reference was last accessed.Author of website Family/Surname/Last Name, Initials., or WEBSITE name if no author is available, Year. Title of website. Available from: URL. [Accessed: date in square brackets].

For example,

PBS, 2015. International Scientific Indexing (ISI). Available from: http://www.isindexing.com. [Accessed: 21/12/2015].