International Scientific Indexing (ISI)

1 Hepatic and Gastro-Intestinal Manifestations of Volumetric Overload Shocks (VOS) Causing ARDS , Ahmed Ghanem Substantial physics and physiological evidence with clinical relevance and significance currently exists that affirms Starling's law is wrong (Figure 1) [1-3]. Evidence that volumetric overload shocks (VOS) [4-7] cause the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is also available [8]. These VOS are complications of fluid therapy in surgical patients due to many errors and misconcep-tions on fluid therapy [8] that mislead physicians into giving too much fluids during the resuscitation of shock and prolonged ma-jor surgery [9]. The clinical manifestations of VOS causing ARDS is shown in table 1, among the multiple system and vital organ dysfunctions are the hepatic and gastro-intestinal (GIT) manifes-tations [10-14]. These include hepatic dysfunction with elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphates and liver enzymes of SGOT [10,11] and delayed recovery of intestinal function or paralytic ileus with nausea and vomiting [12,13]
2 Esophageal Dilatation in Children with Esophageal Strictures, Outcome and Safety at Single Center Experience , Abdulhamid Alhadab, Shaden N AlMahamed, Zahid Arein and Abdelhai Hammo Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical response, nutritional outcome, and safety of endoscopic esophageal dilatation in pediatric esophageal stricture at KFSH-Dammam, Saudi Arabia.Method: Charts of children between the age of 1 month and 16 years old with esophageal stricture who underwent endoscopic esophageal dilatation at King Fahad specialist Hospital-Dammam over a 5 years period from January 2014 until January 2019, was retrospectively reviewed. Patient’s characteristics, procedure modality for stricture dilatation, clinical response, post dilatation catch up growth, and complications were reviewed and evaluated.Result: A total of 17 patients (median age, 2.7 years were identified. The median follow-up period was 2 years. Post esophageal atresia repair stricture (47.1%) and corrosive esophageal injury (17.6%) were the leading cause of strictures. The main presenting symptoms were dysphagia (88.2%) followed by vomiting (64.7%) and then chronic cough (35.3%). Majority of strictures were short segment < 2 cm in length (70.6%). A total of 74 dilatation sessions were performed with an average of 4.3 sessions per patient. 70.8% underwent balloon dilatation. Complete response was achieved in (70.6%) while partial response in (29.4%). Complications of dilatation including esophageal perforation were reported in 1.3%, and post-dilatation chest pain in 2.7%. The mean weight-for-age z-score improved significantly after ED therapy from -1.8 ± 0.79 SD at presentation to -1.01 ± 0.85 SD (P value = 0.003).Conclusion: Our single centre experience demonstrates that endoscopic dilatation is an effective and safe procedure for symptomatic esophageal stricture in children with different etiology. The choice of dilator device is based on multiple factors with minimal reported complications. Maintaining an age appropriate esophageal lumen by dilatation is very crucial to allow for satisfactory oral intake and promote catch-up growth which is the ultimate goal of dilatation
3 Extracorporeal Detoxification and Immunocorrection in Treatment of Corona Virus Pneumonia Complications , Voinov VA, Ilkovich MM, Kovalev MG and Voinova YV The new corona virus pneumonia caused by COVID-19 having begun in China, has now reached almost all countries of the world, affecting more than 500,000 people, of which more than 25,000 people have died. Unfortunately, specific measures for both preventing and treating this infection, which has pandemic status, are still lacking, which makes this problem very urgent. In severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops - toxic pulmonary edema with severe and difficult to correct respiratory failure, which requires an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Since endotoxemia is the basis for ARDS development, extracorporeal detoxification methods should play a leading role in the treatment of this complication. Moreover, with help of hemosorption, not only detoxification is achieved, but also decontamination (delay and removal of pathogens), and with plasma exchange, the body's immune defense system is restored.
4 Meckel’s Diverticulum: Bibliography Review and Presentation of a Case , Carlos Sanjuan-Sánchez and María G García-Rangel Meckel Ìs diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, is a true diverticulum because contain of the layers of the intestinal wall. Is usually found within 100 cc of the ileocecal valve, is more frequent in men and children with congenital malformations. The diagnostic of symptomatic diverticulum is rare because there is not a specific clinical sing. Treatment of the symptomatic diverticulum is diverticulectomy or intestinal resection, asymptomatic case is still controversy. We reported the case of a male of 24 years old who had acute abdomen, the management was a laparotomy finding diverticulitis of a Meckel Ìs diverticulum. Intestinal resection was the decision in the case with entero-anastomosis in two planes with clinical good respond.
5 Covid-19 Crisis: How Tortuous is the Coronavirus Road Ahead? , Avinash Jayaswal Covid-19 disease is the third betacoronavirus zoonotic infec-tion affecting humans in two decades, and has been by far the most catastrophic in terms of human lives and economic wreck. The global pandemic that started in the meat market in Wuhan, China, has already claimed 116,000 lives and infected 1,8 million people and counting [1]. The first Indian to test positive for covid-19 was a medical student who had arrived in Kerala from Wuhan at the end of January [2], which is around the same time the first American and the first Korean were tested. The response was mapped out immediately by a group of government officials in Kerala as their experience with the outbreak of Nipah in 2018, a brain-damaging virus originating from bats and transferred to humans, was still fresh [2]. That outbreak was successfully managed despite techni-cal shortfalls. This time they put forward a plan of contact tracing, isolation and surveillance state-wide, until the whole country went into confinement with more than 12,000 cases two months later, in an attempt to curb viral spread.
6 Adult Sigmoido-Rectal Intussusception Presenting as Gangrenous Bowel and Rectal Prolapse: A Rare Presentation , Renu Saini, Urmila Basu, Niraj Kumar, Raj Mithun Degala and Sanjay Kumar Dubey Intussusception in adults especially sigmoido-rectal intussusceptions is extremely uncommon. In this report we have described a case of sigmoido-rectal intussusception in an elderly gentleman presenting as prolapsed gangrenous bowel who underwent laparotomy and resection anastomosis and made an uneventful recovery. Adult intussusceptions are generally associated with a pathological entity predominantly malignant. Insidious presentation with vague abdominal pain is the usual presentation and emergency presentation as seen in our case with gangrenous prolapsing bowel in the absence of a predisposing etiology is extremely uncommon. While adult intussusception usually requires operative intervention controversy exists with respect to attempted reduction prior to resection.
7 Not Only Helicobacter pylori Lives in Stomach - Case Report , Leandro Bressianini Jurkonis, Carolina Rebello Hilgert, Maria Cristina Figueroa Magalhães and Jean Rodrigo Tafarel This case report brings attention to an unusual pathogen which can live in the human stomach and cause dyspeptic symptoms, weight loss and typically does not spring as the first hypothesis of medical doctors. The 67-year-old Brazilian man described in this report had a delay in his diagnosis of almost 2 years, until his complaints were resolved, which makes this an interesting case report.
8 Spectrum of Pulsion Esophageal Diverticulum and Approach to the Management Based on Presence or Absence of Symptoms , Ajeet Kumar Lohana;Rajesh Bansari;Fakhar Ali Qazi Arisar;Wasim Jafri Introduction: Pulsion esophageal diverticulum (PED) is a rare esophageal disorder. A minority of individuals develops characteristic symptoms, such as dysphagia,; however;, the majority does not produce any symptoms. Progression and requirement of a follow up in asymptomatic diverticulum is not well determined. In this study, the spectrum of presentation and approach to management of PED based on presence or absence of symptoms is determined. Method: In this retrospective study, 28 consecutive patients identified having PED from January 2010 to December 2017. Information regarding clinical spectrum of the disease and treatments were recorded. Patients follow up charts were reviewed to determine onset of new symptoms in asymptomatic individuals and resolution/recurrence of symptoms in symptomatic individuals after respective treatments. Results: Mid esophageal diverticulum (MD) was the most common diverticulum (17/28) (60.7%). 13/28 (46.42%) of individuals were asymptomatic and all of these patients harbor MD of ≤1 cm in size. Over a mean follow up of 14 months none of asymptomatic patient developed new symptoms and/or complications. A total of 15/28 (53.54%) patients were symptomatic, predominantly with dysphagia (10/15) (66.66%) and having Zenker’s Diverticulum (ZD) among 4, MD among 4, Epiphrenic Diverticulum (ED) among 6, and MD+ED among 1 patient. Out of 15 symptomatic patients, one third (5/15) of patients underwent surgical interventions due to persistent troublesome symptoms; another one third (5/15) could not undergo surgical resection despite persistent symptoms because of comorbid condition and patient refusal; and in remaining one third (5/15) of patients the symptoms were fairly controlled with supportive treatment only. 1/5 (20%) of symptomatic individuals who underwent surgery had recurrence of symptoms postoperatively. Conclusion: MD type with ≤1 cm may not require treatment or long term follow up. Zenker’s and Epiphrenic Diverticula produce persistent symptoms even if small. Two thirds of such symptomatic patients require surgical or endoscopic resection because of troublesome symptoms; however rest of symptomatic patients can be controlled with supportive treatment without necessitating surgical intervention
9 Perplexity in Diagnosis of Pancreatic Lesions , Tanveer Ahmed Cystic lesions of Pancreas are always challenging for Gastroen-terologist. In the recent past cystic lesions of pancreas remained undiagnosed and number of patients were diagnosed after sur-gery. But in new era Endoscopic Ultrasound have made it so much easy and now cystic lesions of pancreas are diagnosed easily and treated well and surgery is needed only in 10 - 25% patients. Only 20% cystic lesions are malignant while others are benign lesions so early diagnosis and treatment of cystic lesions is very important in reducing mortality and morbidity in number of patients.
10 Metastatic Renal Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma: An Interesting and Rare Case Report , Jill David,Reginald Chounoune,Alene Wright,Abdul Waheed and Frederick D Cason Angiomyolipomas are the most common clonal mesenchymal tumors of the kidney. Metastatic renal epithelioid angiomyolipomas (MREA) are a less common variant that are found to have malignant potential. We present a case of a 59-year old female diagnosed and treated for MREA which was initially thought to be a benign renal mass. The patient was being followed with serial abdominal imaging which showed subsequent development of two large abdominal masses. Appropriate surgical intervention was performed, the patient tolerated the procedure with minimal complications, and the post-operative microscopic evaluation of biopsied specimens confirmed the diagnosis of MREA. Unlike commonly benign renal angiomyolipomas, MREA is a highly aggressive lesion. It is imperative for clinicians to identify and differentiate this life-threatening lesion from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A multimodality treatment approach including resection of tumor and adjuvant therapy may provide optimum treatment for MREA.
11 Acute Pancreatitis Revealing Cystic Dilatation of the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report , Naouel Lemdaoui,Raouf Menoura,Abderraouf Bataiche,Ha-kim Rahmoune,Nada Boutrid and Soumia Satta Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (CDCBD) is a rare congenital defect. More than half of the reported cases are pediatric and 80% are involving girls. Its symptomatology is often atypical and it is commonly of incidental discovery and rarely revealed by a severe complication like acute pancreatitis.
12 Identification and Characterisation of Periodicum pradatorius: An Emerging Pathogen of Physicus novicius and Litterae scientific , Rasher Dan,Thomas Thug and Peter Throb Litterae scientific has, over the last decade in particular, been the subject of escalating insult from anumber of rogue elements; none more insidious than Periodicum pradatorius[1]. Coinciding with the growth of the internet [2], this opportunistic infectious agent gains access to its intermediary host (Physicus novicius) primarily via Email, though social media platforms have also been implicated [3]. Once established in the hosts’ inbox, the virus either remains dormant until activated by the unwitting host, or neutralised by the hosts’ immune defences (i.e. antispam software).
13 The Challenge to Move the GI Tract , Alfredo Fernandez One of the most difficult approaches are when we have a patient with any symptoms of abnormal motility in this case the inhibit of bowel movements and reflux of GI tract and the same time the patient suffer of any cardiac arrhythmia and neurological disorder including any mood disturbance. The reason is because the meds that we can use to improve the motility affect some how the dopa-mine receptors in the brain and heart too. Therefore thousands of patients can’t be able to improve her multiple symptoms of acid reflux, gas, constipation and upper - lower dyspepsia then the Man-agement of all those conditions stuck in some matter that neither Surgeons and Clinicians can’t be able to help them and burden of this patients medically and economic too increasing their frustra-tion therefore we need to learn how treat this patients and allow their compliant with this condition management.
14 Pedunculated Giant Gastric Adenoma Embedded in the Entire Duodenum , RB Bayramov, RT Abdullayeva and SE Huseynova Introduction: Adenomatous polyps of the stomach are uncommon tumors, comprising only 7 - 10% of all gastric polyps. Most gastric adenomas are solitary, pedunculated masses, measuring up to 3 - 4 cm in size, and commonly located in the antrum. Method: We present a patient with a giant pedinculated tubulovillous adenoma with features of moderate dysplasia developed in the middle third of the stomach and embedded in the entire duodenum and obturated it, who was referred to the hospital with clinical manifestations of duodenal obstruction. The correct diagnosis was made preoperatively at the specialized hospital on the basis of CT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Case Presentation: 44-year old female was admitted because if epigastric pain and vomiting. First upper gastrointestinal endoscopy carried out at an unspecialized hospital gave duodenal carcinoma obturating the lumen. Abdominal CT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in specialized center revealed giant gastric adenoma with long and thick pedicle embedded in the entire duodenum and obturated it. Middle segment gastric resection wit gastro-gastroanastomosis via laparotomy was carried out. The size of the adenoma’s mass was 118 × 10 × 8 cm, of the pedicle – 8 × 4 cm. Conclusion: The case emphasizes that such giant gastric adenomas with a long pedicle can be embedded in the duodenum and obturate it completely causing the manifestations of duodenal obstruction. In unspecialized hospitals misdiagnosis can be made. Middle segment gastrectomy can be a preferential option in the case of middle third location of the giant gastric adenoma.
15 Which is the Role of Locoregional Interventional Procedures for Secondary Hepatic Malignancies? , Roberto Iezzi In the last decade remarkable advances in cancer care has cre-ated new challenges leading the clinical practice towards a person-alized medicine. Metastatic tumors to the liver continue to be an important health problem, representing the most common malig-nant tumor of the liver. Furthermore, liver is also frequently the sole organ harbouring metastases. Therapy directed at the liver to control or eliminate the predominant or exclusive site of disease should theoretically translate into improved survival. Due to the high incidence most of the available data relate to metastases aris-ing from colorectal primaries and the results obtained with resec-tion of colorectal hepatic metastases provide the most compelling evidence in support of this paradigm.
16 Remdesivir-Gate for COVID-19 , Mina T Kelleni A full-scale clinical trial of remdesivir used for adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 has clearly exposed that remdesivir was stopped early because of adverse events in 18 (12%) patients versus four (5%) patients on placebo. Further, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits including the time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1.23 [95% CI 0.87 - 1.75]). Further, neither a significant mortality difference nor a decrease in viral load over time has been reported as compared to placebo
17 Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Repair: A Systematic Institutional Study , Tuhin Shah;Ashish Prasad Rajbhandari;Bhuban Rijal;Rabin Koirala;Arjana Shakya Abstract Keywords:Inguinal Hernia; TEP; TAPP; Groin Hernia; Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia RepairIntroductionIntroduction:Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is an option for inguinal hernia repair and is emerging rapidly as more surgeons are using this method and reporting the results.It has gained a key role in inguinal hernia repair with advantages reported in many trials and guidelines. Case Report:This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in Surgery Department of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hos-pital, Nepal from November 2017 to April 2019. All patients more than 16 years of age with inguinal hernias were given the choice of laparoscopic or open repair. Those who opted for laparoscopic repair were included in the study. Results:A total of 47 patients were included ranging from 16 to 78 years. There was a male predominance with 40 patients; and TEP (total extraperitoneal) repair was done in 30 while TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) repair was done in 17 patients. In 11 patients, we did a combined procedure in the form of Pantaloon hernia in 4, umbilical hernia in 2 and cholecystectomy in 5 patients. In this study, 10 patients had surgical complications, 4 each had peritoneal tear and seroma collection and 2 had SSI. The average total hospital stay was 3.2 (range 2-6) days and we do not report any hernia recurrence in our study. Conclusion:Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair can be safely considered in a developing country with limited resources after at-taining proper training and expertise.
18 A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety Measures of Opioid Analgesics in Acute Pancreatitis , S Aravind;G Balaji Abstract Background: Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Occurs in order of frequency including a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct beyond the point where the pancreatic duct joins it; heavy alcohol use; systemic disease; trauma; and, in minor mumps. Acute pancreatitis may be a single event; it may be recurrent; or it may progress to chronic pancreatitis. Method: A prospective study about the efficacy and safety measurement of opioid analgesics in the treatment of acute pancreatitis was held in a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: To study the treatment outcomes of opioid analgesics by using case summaries and discharge medication chart. To assess the safety measures to be followed during the therapy of opioid analgesics. To minimise the ADR`S. Results: During the study it was observed that many patients have been suffered with severe abdominal pain prior to the treatment with opioid analgesics. This severity of pain is far most better after the treatment.
19 Role of Fibroscan and Non Invasive Markers to Assess Hepatic Fibrosis and Steatosis at Initial Presentation of Patients with Hepatitis B , Ankur Shah;Rathi Chetan;Shah Jayshri A Abstract Objectives: To analyse the Role of Fibroscan (FS) and non-invasive markers to assess hepatic fibrosis and steatosis at initial presen-tation of patients with Hepatitis B. Methods: An observational prospective study of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) evaluated at single Liver Clinic, Mumbai from April 2014-March 2017. Serological markers, transient elastography (fibroscan) for HF, APRI, FIB-4, AST/ALT ratio and E-score were analyzed. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score on fibroscan was used for grading of hepatic steatosis. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: No significant fibrosis (< F2), significant fibrosis (> F2) group. AST/ALT ratio was divided into 2 groups: No significant fibrosis for ≤ 1, significant fibrosis > 1. Results: 178 study patients with male preponderance (68%), had asymptomatic infection, 24 patients were symptomatic; ascites (7), variceal bleeding (11) and hepatocellular carcinoma (8). 139 patients underwent fibroscan, 80 had HS on CAP score. 40/100 patients with normal AST and ALT had significant fibrosis (> F2) on fibroscan. Amongst noninvasive biochemical tools, only FIB-4 had significant correlation with fibroscan, (p < 0.05). The ROC curve areas (AUROC) of FIB-4, APRI and AST/ALT ratio that differentiated patients with significant HF from without fibrosis was 0.704, 0.674, 0.567, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of FIB-4, APRI and AST/ALT ratio to differentiate patients with significant HF from those without was 42.6% and 92.3%, 72.1% and 60.2%, 29.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion:Fibroscan and FIB-4 had significant correlation of HS in CHB patients. These can be used as non-invasive modalities to monitor HS in CHB patients.
20 Small Bowel Bleeding Associated with Meckel’s Diverticulum. Complex Diagnosis with Monoballoon Enteroscopy , Jonatán Mendoza Ramírez;Diego Angulo Molina;Javier García Guerrero;Jorge Santín Rivero;Laura Montserrat Bernal López Abstract Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum, which contains intestinal mucosa and ectopic tissue (gastric or pancreatic). The diagnostic accuracy of monoballoon enterosocopy has been reported between 58 - 74% compared to 67% of the endoscopic cap-sule in the evaluation of evident small bowel bleeding. Meckel's diverticulum is rarely diagnosed in adults and is usually associated with complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction and diverticulitis (30%). The treatment for symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum is surgical resection, with or without an adjacent bowel segment.
21 EUS Guided Liver Workup Versus Percutaneous Guided in a Community Hospital , Matthew M Eves;Allison Harvey;Michael Lysek;Roshanak Derakhshandeh Abstract Background and Aims: Previous studies confirm endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can complete liver biopsy, paracentesis and EGD during one procedure. This study evaluates translating these studies to a community hospital. Results: Mean number of portal triads was 12.7 EUS vs. 12.4 percutaneous (p value 0.89). Mean length of the longest core 0.94 EUS vs. 1.06 cm percutaneous (p value 0.14). Etiology of hepatitis 4/7 EUS vs. 0/4 percutaneous (p value 0.03). Confirmation of cirrhosis 4/6 EUS vs. 1/3 percutaneous. Total cost $1705 EUS vs. $3984 percutaneous. No significant complications occurred. Methods: 17 patients requiring EUS liver biopsy were compared to 17 transcutaneous patients for quality, cost and safety. This included evaluation for varices and diagnostic paracentesis. Conclusion: No significant biopsy sample differences existed. EUS provided better diagnostic information and clearly has economic advantages. The benefits of EUS guided liver workup translate to a community hospital
22 Successful Pelvic Exenteration for T4b Rectal Cancer: A Case Report , GZ Bounab;S Bicha;H Rahmoune; N Boutrid;R Sayoud;H Boutrid;N Lemdaoui Abstract Pelvic exenteration (PE) or pelvectomy is defined as radical “En Bloc” resection of two or more contiguous pelvic organs, followed by reconstruction or diversion of visceral functions. PE was first reported by Brunschwig in 1948 as a particular and radical surgery for advanced and recurrent cancer and considered as "the most radical surgical attack so far described for pelvic cancer". Its broad indications are curative strategies discussed by a multidisciplinary team; PE must be done “En Bloc” with negative margin status.We report a case of a rectal mucinous carcinoma in a 38 year-old man. The patient benefited radical treatment through total PE with terminal colostomy and urinary diversion (ureterostomy by Bricker's method) with good post-operative outcomes.
23 Evaluation of the Frequency and Factors of Hospital Mortality in Surgery at the Kankan Regional Hospital , Camara Soriba Naby;Camara Alpha Kabinet;Diallo Amadou Djoulde;Balde Oumar Taibata;Balde Abdoulaye Korse;Sanoh Doukara;Toure Aboubacar;Diallo Aissatou Taran;Diallo Biro Abstract Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to make an analysis on the factors of mortality at the prefecture hospital of Kankan.Materials and Methods: Its was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over a period of 6 months. The target population consisted of all patients admitted to the surgical department during the study period. Introduction: By its very definition, mortality can be defined as the number of deaths that have occurred in a population during a given period. The mortality rate is expressed as a percentage; it is the proportion between the total number of deaths in a given space and the size of the population. Results: The sex ratio of nearly 1.42 (M/F) reflected a strong male prevalence of mortality with a frequency of 20 cases, 59% against 14 women, or 41%. In our study, the hospitalization time was less than 10 days with extremes of 1 to 27 days.The average age of the deceased patients was 41 ± 10 years with extreme ages of 2 years and 81 years. The maximum number of deaths concerns the age group between 50 and over with a percentage of 38.22%.Introduction Conclusion: This study allowed us to understand that most of our deceased patients were due to septic wounds, see generalized sepsis and the chronic poverty of the patients which impacts the adequate management.
24 The Evolving Role and Challenges Faced by Gastroenterologist in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond , Muhammad Kamran;Wasim Jafri Abstract COVID-19 has had a profound impact on both global economy as well as the healthcare system. The long-term consequences of this contagion are yet to be witnessed. In this perspective, the field of gastroenterology also has an important part to play, as the virus very commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract, including the liver. In this brief review, we will first describe the common gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations pertinent to COVID-19 and also discuss why the GI tract is frequently involved in this viral disease. Subsequently, we will analyze the constantly changing role of gastroenterologists in terms of their interactions with patients in the out-patients department, ward and endoscopy suite. We will also touch upon the different hurdles being faced by them during these testing times, dealing with the COVID-19 patients and at the same time engaged in an incessant struggle to maintain continuity of care for patients with pre-existing disorders of the digestive system. Finally, we will be discussing the problems and currently being encountered by fellowship training programs throughout the world and will try to provide certain practical solutions to some of them. Our overall aim of writing this review is to highlight the issues faced by present day gastroenterologist, so that concerned authorities and academic societies can offer guidance to alleviate these concerns without compromising standard of care of the patients.
25 Abdominal Attacks May Reveal Hereditary Angioedema! , Naouel Lemdaoui;Nada Boutrid;Hakim Rahmoune;Mounira Amrane;Abderraouf Bataiche;Hala Boutrid We received a 14-years old girl suffering from recurrent acute attacks of abdominal pain and nausea with facial swelling and la-bial angioedema, reoccurring irregularly since 3 years without a clear trigger. A large panel of radiological and laboratory investigations could not unveil the cause of these episodes, until she was readmitted in the ward during a similar crisis with afebrile abdominal pain, face swelling and a transient crural macular rash.The patient is on her first day of menses and is free from urti-caria or pruritus.This clinical stereotyped sequence is highly suggestive of Here-ditary Angioedema (HAE), the most common type of complement related, non-allergic angioedema; with peritoneal involvement and intestinal swelling revealed by pain and vomiting.
26 SPATZ3 Intragastric Balloon: Efficacy, Fungal Contamination and Complications during the 12 Months of Use , Bruno Queiroz Sander;Oliveira ASB;Maiolini R;Pereira CRT;Sindorf ML;Ferreira CO;Silva MIF;Rosa ED;Barral MCM;Clasen SPAS;Freitas JBA;Benvenuti ECSC;Pessoa DF;Bonates HA;Scoralick MO;Ribeiro MMS;Matos CRQS;Carvalho CAM;Braga KM;Rosado JJS Introduction: The intragastric balloon is the medical treatment indicated for patients with overweight and obesity, it’s safe and effective with great results all over the world. The presence of fungi on the external surface of the intragastric balloon has been the main cause of silicone fragility and perforation of the balloon, with the need for prosthesis replacement. One of the objectives of this study will be to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of oral anti fungal medication (Nystatin) to try to reduce the appearance of fungi on the surface of the balloon and, thus, try to also reduce the rate of leakage or rupture of the prosthesis, in addition, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Spatz in weight loss, as well as the complications presented during the period of its use. We divided the 268 participants in this study into two distinct groups: In the first group, we mixed Nystatin with the usual balloon filling solution and in the second group, we used only the usual filling solution, without the use of anti fungal. Results: In the group where anti-fungal was placed in the balloon filling solution, a little less than 10% of fungal patency was obser-ved on the surface of the balloon, while in the other group, without the anti-fungal, this prevalence was close to 20%, or that is, almost twice as much. We did not observe significant variations in fungal colonization in relation to the age or gender of the participants in this study. The appearance of ulcers, despite the considerable incidence, was not a problem and, in most cases, it was treated con-servatively. Conclusion: The use of anti fungal mixed with the usual filling solution of the balloon decreases the presence of fungi on its surface and, consequently, decreases the rate of perforation or early rupture of the prosthesis. Spatz proved to be a safe and very effective IGB as an auxiliary method for weight loss. Keywords: SPATZ3; Intragastric Balloon; Fungal
27 Weight Regain after Bariactric Surgery. Endoscopic Suture with Overstitch Use for Gastrointestinal Anastomosis Decrease. Inicial Results: Brasilian Multicenter Study , Bruno Queiroz Sander;Marcelo Pereira Sander;Jimi Scarparo;Felipe Matz;Felipe Ramos;Carlos Henrique Rodrigues Castro;Stephany Roman Farfan;Waldemilson Cleber de Castro Vieira;Hellen Guimarães Sampaio;Edson Portela;Linsmar Dantas Conceição;Diego Paim Carvalho Garcia;Luiz Ronaldo Alberti A new potential treatment option for weight regain after bariatric surgery is endoscopic suturing with the OverStitch system. The aim of this study was to analyze the weight regain after this procedure in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. There was a significant mean reduction in weight and BMI. There was progressively an increase of Total Body Weight Loss percentage. No complications were observed during or after the procedure. Keywords: Obesity; Gastroplasty; Weight Regain
28 Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori Infection after Successful Eradication Therapy in Egyptian Patients , Mohamed AA Bassiony;Amr T El Hawary;Marwan N Elgohary Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a highly prevalent gastrointestinal organism, infects more than 50% of the global population. It is the most common risk factor for peptic ulcer disease, cancer stomach and gastric lymphoma. Eradication therapy regimens for H. pylori are highly effective. However, bacterial resistance to antibiotics and patients non-adherence to the treatment regimens significantly increased the recurrence rates of H. pylori infection in the last few decades. Patients and Methods: We evaluated and followed up 157 patients for one year after confirmed successful eradication of H. pylori infection. We investigated the patients at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months for recurrence of H. pylori infection using urea breath and stool antigen tests. Study Aim: To assess the prevalence and possible risk factors of H. pylori recurrence in Egyptian patients after eradication therapy. Results and Conclusion: We found a one-year recurrence rate of 19% after successful eradication therapy of H. pylori. The education level of the patients and alcohol consumption were the most significant predictors of H. pylori recurrence. The one-year recurrence rate in our study is high but comparable to those reported in the developing countries most probably due to high rates of re-infection and non-adherence to the preventive measures.
29 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Critical Stage of Chronic Liver Disease , Ali Mahzari Endoplasmic Reticulum; TNF-α: Tumour Necrosis Factor Al-pha; IL-6: Interleukin 6; IL-1β: Interleukin 1 Beta; NAFLD: Non-Al-coholic Fatty Liver Disease; NASH: Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis; NLRP3: NOD-, LRR- and Pyrin Domain-Containing Protein 3; MCD: Methionine Choline Deficient; TG: TriglycerideNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe and progres-sive stage of NAFLD, in which hepatocyte damage, inflammation and fibrosis are present. Unlike simple hepatic steatosis, NASH may become a more prominent public health issue in the near fu-ture with the potential of becoming the leading indication for liver transplantation.
30 Comparing the Effects of Biofeedback and Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) on Dyssynergic Defecation Sings and Symptoms , AR Pakghalb;R Bazaz Behbahani Background: According to past studies it was proved that the treatment of dyssynergic defecation was by doing treatment exercises to defecate properly with biofeedback, but recent studies have proved that using tibial nerve stimulation plays an important role in treatment and recovery of pelvic floor dysfunctions therefore this study took a look at the comparison of exercise therapy with bio-feedback and posterior tibial nerve simulation in patient’s treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial of 42 patients who complained of hard stool, 30 patient were chosen based on RomeIII criteria and they were put into separate groups of biofeedback and PTNS. And then some factors including, volume and time of balloon expulsion, patients complaints and RomeIII criteria before and after intervention were Investigated and compared. Finding: In both groups symptoms of dyssynergic defecation have decreased compared to before treatment but in quantitative criteria a difference was observedin fever of biofeedback. In quantitative criteria time and volume of balloon expulsion were in favor of biofeedback group (p < 0/05). In qualitative criteria including, hard stool, painful defecation, excessive strain and feeling of incomplete defecation significant changes were observed in both groups (p < 0/05 in following criteria such as, bleeding, number of defecation per week and manual maneuver there were so significant differences in groups (p > 0/05). In relation to quantitative criteria, obstructive defecation changes were significant in favor of PTNS group Conclusion: Using PTNS in dyssynergic defecation is effective. Keywords: Biofeedback; Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation; Constipation; Dyssynergic Defecation; Anorectal Dyssynergia; Anorectal
31 Is the Proximal Subtotal Gastrectomy a Better Choice in Selected Patients than Radical Gastrectomy: A Comparison of Morbidity, Mortality and Survival after Surgical Treatment of Proximal Third Gastric Adenocarcinoma , Jagric Tomaz;Jagric Timotej Background/Aim:The theoretical functional advantages of proximal resection with jejunal interposition could outweigh the higher risk of recurrence in the unfit elderly population. The aim of our study was to evaluate proximal resection as an alternative in selected patients. Methods: Between 1993 and 2009, 161 patients were operated on in our centre for adenocarcinoma of the proximal third of the stomach. They were divided into three groups: PG: proximal resection with jejunal interposition; TH: transhiatal extended total gastrectomy; GT: total gastrectomy. We analysed the postoperative morbidity, 30-day mortality, survival, and quality of life with a questionnaire. Results: The patients in the PG group were significantly older and in worse general condition. The number of harvested lymph nodes was significantly smaller than in the GT and TH groups. There were no significant differences in the distribution of TNM stages be-tween groups. There were no differences in the morbidity and 5-year survival rates between groups. No differences were found in the total scores of the GIQLI questionnaire. Conclusion: Proximal resection should be reserved only for high-risk elderly population with proximal gastric cancer. These resec-tions carry acceptable morbidity and mortality; however, the reconstruction with jejunal interposition does not bring the desired functional benefits.
32 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children , Rajeev Gupta Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) are common disorders characterized by recurring GI symptoms that cannot be attributed to structural or biochemical abnormalities [1,2].The common functional disorders seen in pediatric patients are functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdom-inal pain and cyclic vomiting. There other less common conditions as well and these functional gastrointestinal disorders continue to challenge the medical professionals and have a significant emo-tional and economic impact. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common, the prevalence of FGIDs has been reported to range between 12% and 29%
33 Gut Dysbiosis, Probiotics and COVID-19 , Andrew P Smith The impact of COVID-19 is well documented, with over sixteen million people infected and 665,000 deaths [1]. With any infection it is necessary to consider countermeasures which can improve im-mune functioning and the immunological response to vaccination. Our bodies are host to large numbers of bacteria which colonise the skin and the digestive system. These organisms are referred to as microbiota and interest here lies in the gut microbiota. These show large individual variation [2], which may plausibly explain differences in susceptibility to and severity of disease. An abnor-mal gut microbiota is referred to as gut dysbiosis, and this has been shown to be a risk factor for disease. For example, hypertension is linked to gut dysbiosis [3], as is coronary heart disease [4]. Similar-ly, patients with both Type 1 [5] and Type 2 [6] diabetes show signs of gut dysbiosis. Susceptibility to, and the severity of COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with the same diseases that lead to gut dysbiosis.
34 Back to the Future: HLA in Gastroenterology , Hakim Rahmoune;Mounira Amrane;Hadia Ziada-Bouchaar;Dalila Satta;Daoud Zineb;Nada Boutrid Celiac disease (CD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are among the most common gastrointestinal disorders and share strong genetic risks that may predict their diagnosis or even guide their management, particularly the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system.Historically, various associations between the HLA and autoim-mune diseases were reported since the 1970s, and the HLA is now incriminated in a myriad of diseases including CD and IBD
35 Is there Any Relation between the Age of Patients and the Length of the Small Bowel? How Long is your Patient's Bowel? , Sanguinetti J;Barreiro C;Voliovici E;Bentancor M;Montano D;Anaulina Silveira;Sonia Boudrandi;Enrique Barrios The causes of bowel resections are very frequent. This can re-sult in the onset of short bowel syndrome (SBS), clinical picture characterized by serious malabsorption. Diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte deficit require in some patients nutritional support for life [1-3].SBS is defined by the 70 to 75% loss of the length of the small bowel or a bowel remnant less than 200cm, but how long is really the small bowel in the living patient?Authors describe that the human small bowel has lost length in its evolution, with dietary changes. The small bowel is a meta-bolically expensive tissue, the consumption of processed food has changed its physiology, pursuant to the already published by Ai-ello and Wheeler in 1995 in “expensive tissue hypothesis” [5]. We could not find trials relating the age of patients with the length of the small bowel [6-8]. Most anatomical and physiological descrip-tions state a length of 7, 8, and even 10 meters
36 Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Lowering Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates Under Phototherapy , Behairy El-Sayed Behairy;Magdy Anwar Saber;Rasha Elsayed Hassan;Samira Abd-Elwahab Abd-Elaziz;Haidy Mohammed Zakaria;Gihan Ahmed Sobhy Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common benign problem in neonates, however in some circumstances; it may cause bilirubin induced neurological dysfunction. Although phototherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for neonatal jaundice, it has some side effects. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the additive effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in reducing indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates under phototherapy. Patients and Methods: This randomized controlled study was performed on 100 newborn with indirect hyperbilirubinemia divided into two groups. Group A: included 50 neonates, received Ursodeoxycholic Acid orally in addition to phototherapy. Group B: included 50 neonates, received phototherapy only. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and direct bilirubin were measured on admission and followed up every 12 hours (h) till serum bilirubin became below 10 mg/dl. Results: The sex, mean age and weight, onset of jaundice and total serum bilirubin at the time of admission were comparable in both groups (P > 0.05). The mean TSB measured at 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h of phototherapy in group A was 13.82 ± 1.11, 11.94 ± 1.60, 10.66 ± 1.52, 9.48 ± 1.33 mg/dl respectively and in group B was 15.15 ± 1.41 at 12h, 13.70 ± 1.25 at 24h, 12.49 ± 1.25 at 36h, 11.47 ± 1.13 at 48h. The TSB levels were significantly lower in the group who received UDCA and phototherapy (P < 0.05). The mean duration under phototherapy till reaching TSB < 10 mg/dl in group A (42.96h) were significantly lower than that in group B (71.52 h) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: UDCA is considered an effective and safe complementary therapeutic adjuvant in neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia.
37 Resolution of Multiple Large Spider Angiomas after Liver Transplantation in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis , Ankur Jindal;Aditi Gupta We describe a case of giant cutaneous spider angioma in an elderly male with severe alcoholic hepatitis and its resolution after liver transplantation upon improvement in liver function. Spider nevi are benign vascular lesions mostly seen in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Mostly, these are seen in the superior vena cava distribution and are small with pinhead size central vessel. Giant spider angioma and its resolution post liver transplantation is rarely seen and hence this report.
38 A Study on the Challenges of Diagnosis and Interpretation in the Subject with Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis , Kadir Bal;Sibel Erdamar;Bilgi Baca;UÄŸur Korman;Erkan ÇaÄŸlar Diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is hamartomatous polyposis distinguished by a scattered, intramural or transmural proliferation of neural elements involving the enteric plexuses. This condition may involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, but the ileum, colon, and appendix are most frequently affected. It is a rare, benign neoplastic condition that has a well known association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, Cowden syndrome and a rare but documented association with neurofibromatosis type 1. We reported the case of a female patient's history of a neurofibromatosis who presented with chronic diarrhea. On the CT scan of the abdomen, thickening of the wall up to 2 cm, air-fluid leveling and dilatation reaching up to 6 cm at its maximum in the ileal segments and mesentery lymphadenopathies and intraperitoneal effusion were reported. There was not any peculiarity except ileal oedema and erythema on the colonoscopic examination. Endoscopic biopsy specimens obtained from the terminal ileum showed acute inflammation without any definitive findings of Crohn’s disease. Due to intestinal obstruction, the patient underwent surgical resection. Diffuse ganglioneuromatosis was observed in the resected specimen
39 Cost Effective Technique of Removal of Platelets for HLA Crossmatching by Density Gradient Centrifugation , Murali Adiga Renal transplantation is the most successful treatment option for chronic renal failure patients. But success of this depends on HLA crossmatching between the renal recipient and donor. In this test, RBCs and platelets are removed and only donor lymphocytes are incubated with recipient’s serum and the complement and percentage of dead lymphocytes is documented. More than 5% of dead cells indicates a positive test and is a contraindication for renal transplantation. For HLA crossmatching, platelets must be removed before lymphocytes mixed with serum. Removal of platelets for crossmatching by traditional method is a very expensive procedure till now as commercially available thrombin is very costly, which increases the financial burden of the patients. Therefore, we tried to develop a cost effective technique to remove platelets by density gradient centrifugation in patients and donors visiting the Nephrology department of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. After removing plasma and red blood cells, cell suspension in MCT vials is centrifuged @ 1000 rpm for 5 minutes using microcentrifuge. After this, supernatant is discarded and cell pellet is resuspended with buffer and again centrifuged @ 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. This step is repeated 4 or 5 times until the cell suspension is completely cleared off platelets. A total of 96 HLA crossmatching tests done on renal transplant patients and donors visiting Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Out of this, two cases showed 5% platelets even after 5 times centrifugation. When we centrifuged the cell suspension @ 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, less denser platelets remained in supernatant and more denser lymphocytes sediment to the bottom. When this is repeated 4 or 5 times, all the platelets are removed. This is a very cost effective technique compared to commercial thrombin used earlier, which has reduced the cost of HLA crossmatching
40 The Importance of Meticulous Peri-operative Care in Managing High-Risk Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures , Omar S Mansour Background: Recent advances in laparoscopic and endoscopic technology has led to simplify many bariatric procedures especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon insertion. Because of the recent high demand for bariatric procedures, there has been a recent trend to perform bariatric procedures by general surgeons and physicians who were not trained to perform such procedures. Many surgeons would refuse to perform bariatric procedures on high risk patients to avoid complications of these elective procedures. Analysis: In this paper, two cohorts of high-risk patients were analyzed, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon insertion groups. All of these procedures were done by the same surgeon and for the purpose of weight loss. All of the selected patients had significant comorbidities that could have led to increased morbidities. Conclusion: High risk bariatric patients carry a significant peri operative risk. Proper preoperative optimization and meticulous perioperative care can reduce post-operative risks and avoid significant post-operative morbidities and potential mortalities. There were no mortalities or any ICU admissions for any of the high and low risk patients
41 COVID-19 and Liver Disease , Ankur Jindal;Rakesh K Jagdish;Aditi Gupta The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first notify to WHO on December 2019 by china after its eruption in Wuhan, subsequently now it has been noticed globally and WHO Declares it as pandemic on 11-3-2020. Respiratory manifestations are predominant feature of COVID-19, but in severe illness and critical patients multi-organ involvement occurs and results in dismal prognosis. Liver patients are also at great risk of worsening of underlying compensated condition and can develop acute decompensation or exacerbation of liver disease with high morbidity and mortality especially in immunosuppressed state due to advanced liver diseases and some patients on immunosuppressive drugs; e.g. autoimmune liver disease and post liver transplantation. This mini review is about the brief summary of the impact of COVID19 infection on patients of liver diseases and management of COVID in liver patients.
42 The Importance of Meticulous Peri-operative Care in Managing High-Risk Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures , Omar S Mansour Background: Recent advances in laparoscopic and endoscopic technology has led to simplify many bariatric procedures especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon insertion. Because of the recent high demand for bariatric procedures, there has been a recent trend to perform bariatric procedures by general surgeons and physicians who were not trained to perform such procedures. Many surgeons would refuse to perform bariatric procedures on high risk patients to avoid complications of these elective procedures. Analysis: In this paper, two cohorts of high-risk patients were analyzed, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon insertion groups. All of these procedures were done by the same surgeon and for the purpose of weight loss. All of the selected patients had significant comorbidities that could have led to increased morbidities. Conclusion: High risk bariatric patients carry a significant peri operative risk. Proper preoperative optimization and meticulous perioperative care can reduce post-operative risks and avoid significant post-operative morbidities and potential mortalities. There were no mortalities or any ICU admissions for any of the high and low risk patients.
43 Dietary Therapy in Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Is there a Role in 2020? , Gim Hin Ho;Ee Ling Yeong Hazel The exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain but has been strongly postulated to be influenced by modifiable non-genetic environmental factors. One of these factors is the dysbiotic alteration in the gut microbiome [1]. As a result, research into the alteration of the microbiome by probiotics [2-5], faecal microbiota transplant [6] and diet as potential therapeutic strategies have gathered pace over the past few years. The principle of these interventions presumes that reconfiguration of the microbiome toward a more “eubiotic” or less proinflammatory profile would lead to a reduction of intestinal inflammation [1]. Diet has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis in inflammation, with research showing the effect of dietary exposures on the intestinal microbiome as well as mucosal integrity.
44 Analysis of 500 Referrals to a Liver Transplant Surgery Unit at a Tertiary Care Center in India: Are We Saving Enough Lives? , Ashish K Mishra Objective: Living donor liver transplant (LDLT) is the mainstay of liver transplants (LT) in India. Data on transplant referrals and their outcomes is lacking from the subcontinent. This study is aimed to elucidate the reasons for eligible LT candidates not being able to undergo liver transplant and impact on mortality for such patients. Methods: We analyzed 500 referrals to the LT surgery team between November 2018 to July 2019. Patient particulars, diagnosis, MELD score and plan as advised by the team was noted. A questionnaire was answered individually by each patient or primary caretaker after a minimum waiting period of 4 weeks from the clinic or inpatient visit. Results: LT was advised in 476 (95%) patients. 34 (7%) patients were lost to follow up.58 out of 442 (12%) eventually underwent LT. Of the 57 patients transplanted at our center there was no inpatient mortality. 306/442 (69.2%) patients did not agree for evaluation. 74 patients died during the period of study out of which 34/74 (45.9%) had no donors, 25/74 (33.7%) had no finances and 15/74 (20.2%) lacked both donor and finances. 30/442 (6.7%) patients improved on follow up and did not require LT. Conclusion: We conclude that lack of finances and living/deceased donors are the major impediments for LT in the developing world.
45 Mucin Secreting Poorly Differentiated Rectal Adenocarcinoma with Inguinal Metastasis: Is it Regional or Distant Metastasis? A Case Report and Review of Literature , Montadar Al-Azzawi;Hamed Al-Aamri;Ahmed Redwan;Aamed Al-Araimi;Rashid Al-Alawi This report presents a case of solitary inguinal metastasis after treatment of rectal cancer by abdominoperineal resection. A 79-year-old Omani man was diagnosed with poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum in March 2015. Metastatic involvement of inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) from rectal adenocarcinoma is unusual presentation, particularly without signs of distant spread to other organ sites. In the current time, ILN involvement, including solitary involvement, is classified as metastatic disease (M). Inguinal mass was totally excised; neoadjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy had been also carried out before. Pathological analysis showed poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma compatible with his rectal cancer. The interesting finding was that this case did not seem to belong to any traditional rectal cancer metastasis pathway. This case is representative and worthy of further study to explore whether there is another rectal cancer metastasis pathway
46 Recent Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis: A Case of Success in Reversion of Portal Hypertension , Thales Girardi May;Felipe Fiorin Carmona;Lígia Rodrigues Simonetti;Jéssica Araújo Amparado;Luis Fernando Joaquim;Rafael Lima Kahwage Portal vein thrombosis is an unusual complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In the current research of its genesis, an underlying prothrombotic state and a combination of local endothelial factors, family and/or acquired inheritance and other thrombophilic factors are demonstrated. This condition is described as a major cause of portal hypertension, whether the patient has liver dysfunction or not. Clinical and laboratorial diagnosis are complemented with imaging exams and are useful in the early diagnosis, since the treatment directly affects the morbidity and mortality of the disease. We aimed to describe a case of a recent portal vein thrombosis concomitantly with hepatic cirrhosis and thrombophilia. Partial recanalization of the thrombus was achieved with anticoagulant treatment and consequent reversal of signs and symptoms of portal hypertension.
47 Initial Experience of “Mujib Protocol”, Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: A Tribute to Father of the Nation of Bangladesh in his Birth Centennial , Mamun Al Mahtab;Ahmed Lutful Moben;Md Abdur Rahim;Md Ashraful Alam;Sheikh Mohammad Noor-E-Alam;Faiz Ahmad Khondaker;Most Rokshana Begum;Dulal Chandra Das;Md Atikul Islam;Md Zahurul Huq;Musarrat Mahtab;Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the consequence of acute insult of the liver on the background of underlying compensated chronic liver disease and may result from a wide variety of causes. The short-term mortality may be as high as 65% at 3 months [1]. This is the result of multi-organ failure involving both liver as well as extra hepatic organs as a consequence of bizarre systemic inflammation [2].
48 Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients: Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1) as a Valid Marker , Nadia A Abdelkader;Waheed Abd El Monsef;Ahmed F Helal;Ghada A Ismail;Dalia H Abdelhamid;Maha M El Gaafary;Khaled Raafat;Yasser A Abd El Razek;Ahmed Fouad Sherief Purpose: Assessment of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1) levels in the diagnosis of SBP and effectiveness of treatment among Egyptian cirrhotic ascitic patients. Methods: This was a Prospective case-control study, which was conducted on 60 cirrhotic ascitic patients, and divided into two groups: Group 1: (Control) 30 cirrhotic ascitic patients without SBP Group 2: (SBP) 30 cirrhotic ascitic patients with SBP were admitted to the Tropical Medicine Department at Ain Shams University Hospitals with ascites due to chronic liver disease. All patients were subjected to a history of taking the clinical examination and laboratory investigations including ascitic fluid sampling for biochemical testing, total and predominant cell type, count of bacterial culture, and TREM-1 level. Results: There was a high statistically significant difference between the two groups in the baseline level of TREM-1 while the mean was higher 1280 pg/ml (± 1136.9) with a level range between (580 - 4500 pg/ml) among patients with SBP Than the control group mean 129.9 pg/ml (± 51.9) with a level range between (60 - 250 pg/ml) among. Besides, it was found a statistically significant difference in the level of TREM-1 before and after treatment among patients with SBP. The mean of TREM-1 before treatment was higher 1280.6 pg/ml (± 1136.9) than a mean 376.2 pg/ml (± 78.4) and level range between (260 - 560 pg/ml) after the treatment. Conclusion: TREM-1 is an easy, rapid, and reliable diagnostic tool for SPB which also harbors great value in following up patients with SBP.
49 Survey the Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer , Alimohammad Bananzadeh;Ali Daneshvar Jahromi;Amirhossein Emami Meybodi;Seyed Mohammad Kazem Tadayon;Mohammad Rezazadehkermani Purpose: Recurrence of colorectal cancers is considered to be one of the greatest post-surgical complications that is affected by various factors. This study design to investigate the prognostic factors that affect the recurrence and survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 380 patients with colon and rectal cancer who underwent surgery; type of surgery, tumor size, differentiation grade, proximal, distal and radial, marginal involvement, total number of excision lymph nodes, number of involved lymph nodes and tumor stage was recorded. Also, the incidence of recurrence and metastasis was recorded during the study. Results: 380 patients with mean age of 57.11 were enrolled to the study. 152 patients with an average age of 57.57 were diagnosed with colon cancer. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 2 patients (1.3%) and 5 patients (3.3%), respectively. 18 patients (11.8%) died due to colon cancer. 228 patients with a mean age of 56.81 had rectal cancer. Recurrence was seen in 19 patients (8.3%) and metastasis in 33 patients (14.5%). 38 patients (16.7%) died due to rectal cancer. Tumor size and involved lymph nodes were independent prognosis factors of recurrence and metastases of colon cancer. Only involved lymph nodes were associated with death due to colon cancer. Independent prognostic factors of rectal cancer metastasis included albumin and age. The total number of excision lymph nodes was the only predictor factor of tumor recurrence and death in rectal cancer. The median survival time of colon and rectal cancers were 90 and 110 months, respectively. Conclusion: The size of the tumor and the number of involved lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis of colon cancer. Also, the number of involved lymph nodes was associated with colon cancer related death. In the case of rectal cancer, albumin levels and age predicted metastases. Only total number of excision lymph nodes had reverse relationship with recurrence and rectal cancer related death.
50 Predictors of Difficulty in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy , Bhupendra Prasad Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) since its inception in 1987, has dramatically replaced conventional open cholecystectomy. LC has rapidly become the gold standard for routine gall bladder removal. Management of biliary tract disease has evolved from being a major procedure to a relatively safe and tolerable day care procedure today, offering early return to full activity.
51 Study of Vascular Pattern of Squamous Columnar Junction of the Cervix by Flexible Endoscopy with Narrow Band Image , Salwa Samir Anter The capillaries that are in the stroma below the epithelium. may be visible according to thickness of the overlying squamous epithelium, vascular pattern on the original squamous epithelium often no vascular pattern.
52 Front Line Surgeons during the Covid-19 Pandemic , Bo Chen;Gang Chen;Liguang Zhou;Mitchell S Wachtel;Eldo E Frezza In December 2019, there has been an outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus in Hubei province of China. On 11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the new coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite guidelines, surgeons feel almost as if they are in the middle of a war zone, with pressure on the one hand from the hospital to do at least emergency surgery to avoid merited charges of denial of needed care being countered by pressure from medical colleagues and intensive care units to avoid unnecessary exposure to COVID-19. COVID-19 has disrupted surgical diagnosis and treatment work. The epidemic forces us to reflect on our usual diagnosis and treatment work, including the storage of protective materials, to closely examine the problems of aerosol and pneumoperitoneum during endoscopic surgery, and, perhaps, to think of ways of reducing unneeded surgical procedures. This short communication, from the point of view of surgeons in the United States and China, will attempt to provide guidance for determining when surgical procedures should be performed and how to approach surgery with patients who are either likely to have COVID-19 infections or have actually been shown to be positive by laboratory testing. Soon, we will likely return to the operating room armed with greater wisdom.
53 Spleen Preserving Total Pancreatectomy in a Case of Multiple Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour , Urmila Basu;Renu Saini;Devmalya Banerjee;Gaurav Kumar;Shubhayu Banerjee One of the most common sites of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumour is the pancreas. They are known as Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PNET). The previous incidence rate of 0.43/100,000 has more than doubled in last few decades. Most of the PNETs are clinically silent and show slight male preponderance. 10% of PNETs are functional, associated with genetic syndromes and represent as cystic lesion on radiology. Proper pre-operative work up including endocrine testing, tumour marker study and imaging is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Since they have malignant potential, surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable tumours among the various treatment modalities available. We are presenting a case of 50 years old lady having multiple soft tissue lesions involving distal CBD, head, body and tail of pancreas. She underwent spleen preserving total pancreatectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy. Post-operative recovery was uneventful and glycaemic control was achieved with pharmacotherapy. We will discuss the various aspects of PNETs in this report.
54 Choice of Wavelets for Electrogastrogram (EGG) , Gokul M;Pradeep Murugesan From the research background of corresponding author and co-author shows some promising analysis and interpretation on Electrogastrogram (EGG). EGG is the biological signal of stomach in order to empty the stuffs which was taken by the subjects orally. This signal is sort of bio-electric signal which will clearly depicts the functional information of stomach by capturing its ionic potentials by surface electrodes. These potentials will be influenced by the consumed food, subject’s movement, choice of filter and position of electrode. This EGG acquisition will be helpful in diagnosing stomach activity non-invasively by analysing its characteristics. The ideal and normal EGG pattern holds 3 cycles per minute with low distortion. In order to take this technology forward, EGG is tested with wavelets for compressing the signal to implement the telemedicine technology by transferring the signal from one end to another. There are many compression technique is used for transferring, but each technique has some drawbacks like poor compression ratio, information loss etc. The purpose of this editorial note is to choose the significant and low error wavelet for EGG compression. After this preliminary study (by finding the suitable wavelets), the results are taken for further research by analysing the performance of each wavelet in EGG compression.
55 Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1) Mutations in People with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Gene Mutations Without Disease , Resat Dabak;Gulbuz Sezgin;Faith Oner Kaya;Feride Sinem Akgun;Oya Bayramicli;Selim Nalbant Background and Study Aim: To date, especially alterations of genes on exon 10 have been considered in Mediterranean fever (MEFV), but it is not clear whether all these alterations are disease-causing mutations. We studied ERAP-1 gene mutations in people with FMF gene mutations without FMF phenotype. We compared our results with our previous study which we studied ERAP-1 gene mutations in patients with FMF and with ulcerative colitis (which has been shown to have a relation with ERAP-1 gene mutations before). Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study. We studied ERAP-1 gene mutation in blood samples (had been kept in -70°C before for different studies) from 51 people with FMF gene mutations without FMF disease. Some of these people also were followed for about 5 years whether FMF comes out. Results: There were 10 cases without ERAP-1 mutations at Exon-3 and 6 cases without ERAP-1 mutations at Exon-10. Any ERAP-1 mutations were not obtained in three cases both for Exon-3 and 10. There were 41 ERAP-1 gene mutations at Exon-3 and 48 at Exon-10. Exon-3 mutations were usually Codon 127 mutation for 35 patients whether it was single mutation or with multiple mutations. It was totally different our ERAP-1 mutation in patients with FMF for Exon-3. Because in our previous study, if there were ERAP-1 gene mutations at exon-3, [c.380G>C p.(Arg127Pro)] mutation always existed in patients with FMF Conclusion: As a conclusion, ERAP-1 may be the second needed genetic mutation to produce the disease, 2) Certain ERAP-1 genetic mutation may produce FMF together with certain pyrin gene mutation.
56 Treatment of Biliopancreatic Diseases by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. Retrospective Analysis of Twenty-five Years in a Tertiary Reference Center , Raúl A Brizuela Quintanilla;Julián F Ruiz Torres;Juan Y Ramos Contreras;Norberto Alfonso Contino;Jorge García-Menocal Hernández Introduction: The Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the main therapeutic procedure at the present time like complement of the minimally invasive surgery of the biliary tracts and of the pancreas, non-exempt of complications. Aims: Show the level of competence and performance achieved in the treatment of 14,213 biliopancreatic diseases by ERCP during 25 years at the CNCMA. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study of 14,462 ERCP records taken from the database of the CNCMA, which were carried out from January 4, 1995 to February 5, 2020. Results: Of 14,462 ERCP records, 14,213 they remained for analysis; 5,148 (38%) male and 8,224 (62%) female, ages 18 to 93 years; 4,548 (34%) diagnostic and therapeutic ERCPs were performed, 8,824 (66%). The primary indication was the study of jaundice in 8,690 (65%) and the main diagnosis was choledocholithiasis (5,799 patients [43%]), followed by malignant bile duct strictures (3,685 patients, [27%]). The most widely used intervention was endoscopic sphincterotomy (6,236) to remove stones (3,267), and the placement of prostheses in the bile duct was frequently followed (3,138). Complications occurred in 449 cases, 348 (4%) during 8824 therapeutic procedures and 101 (2.2%) in diagnoses. There was a mortality of 0.19% (28 patients), 24 (0.3%) in therapeutic procedures and four (0.08%) in diagnoses. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the high level of competence and performance achieved and the high diagnostic value and therapeutic success of ERCP, with minimal complications.
57 Anatomical Basis of Approaches to Liver Resection , Madhusudhanan Jegadeesan;Ramprasad Jegadeesan Essential to successful and safe performance of any liver resection is the understanding of anatomical aspects pertaining to liver resection. The different approaches to liver resections reflect the different techniques and surgical maneuvers executed at specific anatomical regions in and around liver. The three approaches to liver resection, as put forth by Claude Couinaud, are the intrafascial, extrafascial and the extrafascial transfissural approach. The later two approaches are essentially dissection of Glissonean pedicles at the hilum of the liver. This Glissonean pedicle approach is facilitated by newer insights into anatomy of liver gained by modern pathological and surgical research. The Glissonean pedicle approach is safe as it achieves inflow control early in the process of liver resection and ontologically sound as it is an anatomical approach. It is also effective when employed during minimally invasive liver resections. Both intrafascial and extrafascial approaches are relevant in specific circumstances of liver resection. This chapter will specifically analyse the anatomical basis that surrounds the approaches to liver resection.
58 Comorbid Risk Factors for an In-Hospital Fatal Outcome of Patients Hospitalized for Covid -19: A Case-control Study , Niculae Ion Nedelcu;Magdalena George;David H Van Thiel Between 13 March - 31 July 2020, 2,529 Covid-19 cases were discharged from the Victor Babes 490 bed hospital recognized by the government as the primary Covid-19 hospital in the capital, Bucharest. Eighty six of these 2,529 patients died in hospital for a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.4 % (95% CI: 2.8 % - 4.2 %). The CFR for males was 4.7 % (54/1127) while in women it was 2.4 % (33/1402). The difference between these two rates is statistically significant [(Relative Risk (RR): 2.04; 95%CI: 1.33 - 3.12; p: 0.00083)]. Among the 86 who died, 11 (12.8%) were previously healthy (no reported under lying medical condition), 77 (87.2%) had at least one under lying medical condition, and 47 (54.7%) had two or more under lying medical conditions. The prevalence of each of the individual under lying medical conditions in these 86 patients was as follows: hypertension (68.6 %), diabetes mellitus (40.7%), obesity (33.7%), chronic kidney disease (27.9 %), and COPD (7.0 %). A 1:1 case control study was conducted after matching each case with one control of the same gender and age selected at random from the survivors list. Significant odds for death were identified for the presence of at least 2 under lying medical condition (OR:23.00; 95% CI (4.29 - 478.82);p: 0.0000), ), chronic kidney disease (OR: 9.00; 95% CI(2.41 - 57.41); p: 0.0008), and obesity (Odds Ratio (OR): 6.75; 95%CI (2.53 - 22.59); p: 0.0001). These data suggest that individuals with 2 or more under lying disease processes, and either chronic renal disease or obesity should be included in the list of individuals recommended for priority vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine to reduce the likelihood of death should they become infected with COVID-19.
59 Infective Esophagitis and Gastric Balloon Case Study , Yasser Al Shehadat The primary reason for early removal of intra-gastric balloon is nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps and gastro-esophageal reflux which is caused by the defense mechanism of the stomach, as balloon is considered as a foreign body. However, it will subside by the conventional treatments such as PPIs. Another reason for balloon removal is Candida esophagitis. Even though, it is a rare side effect, it is very serious. This is due to the long term use of PPIs after balloon insertion for reducing the primary side effects.
60 Vitiligo Improvement in Patient with Crohn’s Disease Undergoing Treatment with Infliximab , Cardoso Mateus Ricardo;Tavares Isabela Boulhosa;Cordeiro Karina Ferreira;Campos Luciana Teixeira Introduction: Vitiligo is a skin disease that causes depigmentation due to the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. The etiology of vitiligo is unknown, and it is mainly related to an autoimmune factor, coursing with imbalance of cytokines in the injured areas. Infliximab is an anti-TNF-α antibody that prevents the binding of TNF-α to its receptors, this can cause both a protective effect and an inducing effect on the autoimmunity of vitiligo. Objective: Report a case of improvement of vitiligo after treatment with Infliximab and review the existing literature on this subject. Method: Case report selected due the improvement of vitiligo after the use of Infliximab by means of the analysis of medical records, followed by a bibliographic review in textbooks and Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, which results in a qualitative and exploratory analysis of the literature. Results: Description of the improvement of a patient with vitiligo after six months of treatment with Infliximab used for Crohn’s disease. Conclusion: Anti-TNF-α agents have been a promising method for the treatment of vitiligo, especially in refractory cases. Infliximab, however, has presented controversial results in the literature, such as aggravation of the condition or onset cases. The results of this report raises suspicions about the effects of TNF-α inhibition of vitiligo’s pathophysiology, therefore the role of Infliximab as a treatment form remains questionable.
61 Potential Premalignant Status of Gastric Portion Excluded after Roux En-Y Gastric Bypass in Obese Women: A Pilot Study , Graziela Rosa Ravacci;Robson Ishida;Raquel Suzana Torrinhas;Priscila Sala;Natasha Mendonça Machado;Danielle Cristina Fonseca;Gisele Canuto;Ernani Pinto;Viviane Nascimento;Marina Tavares;Paulo Sakai;Joel Faintuch;Marco Aurelio Santo;Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux Moura;Ricardo Artigiani Neto;Angela Flávia Logullo;Dan Linetzky Waitzberg Reagents: Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade), formic acid (FA, LC-MS grade) heptane (MS grade), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% (v/v) trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), O-methoxyamine, and pyridine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Methanol (LC-MS grade) was acquired from JT Baker (Mexico).
62 Holistic Approach to Obesity Management without Strenuous Physical Activity , Jain Richa;Sharma S;Singh Pawandeep Obesity is epidemic and the underlying cause of various lifestyle related disorders that are the scourge of mankind today. Using integrated medicine approach that combines best practices in Ayurveda and Allopathy to an method that has yielded amazing results of weight reduction coupled with health restoration. The approach involves powerful effects of Oral Food Chelation therapy and has been used in the treatment of 100 patients. What emerged as the primary preventive and curative therapy Diet control along with body mind healing. This method promotes balance and integrates body- mind-soul to provide phenomenal results right from achieving ideal weight with natural ease and maintaining it, to healing emotional pain underlying weight issues. All this and more with absolutely no side effects, supplements and reduced dependency on medicines.
63 Hyper-Reactive Malarial Splenomegaly: A Neglected Disease by the Contemporary World , Oumer Abdu Muhie Malaria could progress to a chronic form in individuals with partial immunity. Chronic malaria is often characterized by the lack of acute malaria symptoms. Thus, this disorder was considered as asymptomatic carrier state. Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly (HMS) is likely the most severe chronic form of malaria. HMS-earlier known as tropical splenomegaly syndrome - has classic manifestations. The manifestations of HMS include, massive splenomegaly, elevated titers of anti-malarial antibodies and polyclonal immunoglobulin M hypergammaglobulinemia.
64 Injury to the Inferior Epigastric Artery Branch Necessitating Re-laparoscopy - An Unusual Cause of Bleeding in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy , Shresth Manglik;Urmila Basu;Camelia Pal;Pradeep Narayan;Sanjay Kumar Dubey Bleeding after laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be due to multiple reasons and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, if not recognized and treated promptly. Bleeding from the cystic artery, ligaments of liver, or from the abdominal wall during the placement of ports are common sources of bleeding in these cases. Injury to the inferior epigastric artery and its branches are more common in gynecological and obstetric surgery and is infrequently reported after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the course of inferior epigastric artery is extremely variable. In this report, we describe one such case that highlights the variability in the course of inferior epigastric artery making it vulnerable to injury.
65 The Future of Gastric Motility Assessment Modalities , Riddhima Banerji The past decade has witnessed major advances in the understanding of gastric and intestinal motility disorders. In view of the fact that the manifestation of physical symptoms are often not in accordance with the severity of disturbances in gastrointestinal function, it is necessary to develop diagnostic testing modalities which will assist in directing treatment. It is equally necessary for all gastrointestinal function tests to follow protocols that are appropriately standardised and approved. Strikingly, the existence of gastrointestinal dysfunction detected on clinical investigation can significantly influence disease management strategies, in addition to prognosticating response to medical treatment in some diseases (Hoad., et al. 2018; Schwizer., et al. 2002; Holloway, 2006).
66 Nutritional Factors Associated with Complications After Loop Ileostomy Reversal in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Jordan A Munger;Tamar B Nobel;Alex Mui;David Chessin;Stephen Gorfine;Daniel Popowich;Joel Bauer Background: Ileostomy formation is often performed in an acute setting with increased nutritional demands - presumed nutritional recovery has occurred at time of reversal. There is a paucity of data evaluating the effect of nutritional status on serious complications following loop ileostomy reversal in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While ileostomy reversal is often considered a routine procedure relatively free of complications, we chose to evaluate our group of patients with IBD having this procedure and explored if measures of nutritional compromise at the time of reversal were associated with post-operative complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 359 patients with IBD who underwent ileostomy reversal. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory values were compared between patients stratified by serious 30-day post-operative complications. Results: The overall median time to reversal was 13.1 weeks, (IQR 11-16), and this was comparable between those with and without serious complications. The overall serious complication rate was 22/359 (6.1%). Patients with serious complications had lower median albumin at time of reversal (3.3 vs 3.8; p = 0.049), higher incidence of anemia (68.4% vs 37.5%, p = 0.013) and greater interval decrease in BMI from time of ileostomy creation to closure (-2.1 vs -0.6; p = 0.03). Multivariate modeling demonstrated that for each integer increase in albumin, the odds of serious complication decreased by 59% (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.83). Conclusions: IBD patients are at unique increased risk for nutritional compromise. Patients with malnutrition may be at increased risk of serious complications following ileostomy reversal. Surgeons should consider routine assessment of nutritional status prior to surgery and some patients may benefit from delay for optimization prior to ileostomy reversal.
67 Mini Evaluation Methods in Medical Pedagogy , Lasaad Gharbi;Dhouha Bacha;Wael Ferjaoui;Gati Asma;Sana ben Slama;Ahlem Lahmar A comprehensive literature search was done over a period of 19 years from 2000 to 2019. Databases from Pubmed, Google Scholar, The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) and the Cochrane Library were searche using the following keywords: Medical pedagogy, evaluation, mini method, Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini CEx), mini peer assessment tool (Mini PAT), DOPS (Direct Observation of Procedures), Mini PAT, Mini The objective structured clinical examination (Mini OSCE), Mini viva and the following boolean operators.
68 A Child with Acute Abdomen Due to Torsion of a Wandering Spleen , Antonietta Giannattasio;Marco Maglione;Francesca Di Candia;Domenico Massa;Enzo Coppola;Marianna De Marco;Anna Marcella Giugliano;Vincenzo Tipo Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterized by splenic hypermotility resulting from laxity or maldevelopment of the suspensory splenic ligaments. The spleen can “wander” or migrate into various positions within the abdomen. Clinical presentation of a wandering spleen is variable, ranging from an asymptomatic, incidentally detected, abdominal or pelvic mass to an acute abdomen secondary to splenic torsion. Diagnosis in an emergency setting can be challenging as it is a rare cause of acute abdomen and does not determine any symptoms until splenic torsion has occurred. We present a case of pediatric ectopic, torsed spleen presenting as acute abdomen, effectively managed by splenectomy.
69 Why Surgeons Should Continuously Revise their Basic MedicalKnowledge and be Always Medically Updated , Omar S Mansour. Recently, there has been a significant change in our clinical and surgical practice in order to safely cope with the new COVID-19 pandemic. Many new hospital protocols have been implemented and continuously updated in order to avoid added morbidities and complications from catching COVID-19 infection by non-COVID-19 patients. This includes all patients undergoing different treat-ments, whether they were inpatient or outpatient, for other un-related surgical or medical conditions, acute or chronic. Surgeons and physicians should be quite competent in managing high risk patients undergoing complex surgery
70 Role of Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , (Maj Gen) Atul K Sharma It has been more than twenty years since the observation that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was found to resolve as a corollary of bar-iatric surgery, which was done essentially for the management of morbid obesity. It has also been shown that diabetes and its relat-ed complications reduce significantly after gastric bypass surgery and that the glycemic control in these patients is long lasting [1]. Today such surgeries are even being conducted in patients with a lower BMI (27.5 to 32.4) in Asian populations who have poor glycaemic control
71 Postoperative Crohn’s Disease and Relapse Risk Factors: A Single Centre Experience , Srdjan Markovic, Slobodan Sreckovic, Branimir Zogovic and Petar Svorcan Introduction and Aim: Surgical intervention is an unavoidable companion for majority of patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD). In this study we determine with Crohn’s Disease (CD). Methods: 50 CD patients with at least one surgical resection were assessed retrospectively. Patients underwent clinical (CDAI) and endoscopic (Rutgeerts) assessments at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital “Zvezdara” on av-erage 36 months after their operation. Age at diagnosis, gender, smoking status, duration of CD before resection, presence of peri-anal disease, colonic involvement, length of resected segment, type of anastomosis, concomitant immunomodulators and biologics (anti-TNF) were reviewed as potential risk factors for clinical and endoscopic recurrence. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: 74% of patients had clinical remission and 40% of patients had endoscopic remission. Patients in clinical remission were significantly younger than patients that relapsed. Termino-lateral anastomosis resulted in higher remission rates, 66% compared to 25% of patients with termino-terminal anastomosis. Anti-TNF therapy was crucial for maintenance of clinical remission. Older age at diagnosis and extensive small bowel resection were risk factors for endoscopic recurrence based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Older age at the time of diagnosis, lack of biologics postoperatively, latero-lateral or termino-terminal anastomosis as well as extensive resection were high risk factors for relapse in postoperative CD patients.
72 Short Term Outcome of Saccharomyces boulardii impact the Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multicenter, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial , Srdjan Markovic, Nikola Panic, Branimir Zogovic, Ana Kalaba, Marijana Jankovic, Tamara Knezevic Ivanovski, Dino Tarabar and Petar Svorcan Introduction:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have high burden on quality of life. Dietary supplements such as probiotics have been shown to have beneficial effects on the course of IBS and IBD. So far, Saccharomyces bou-lardii is the only probiotic yeast with a documented health promoting profile. Aim of the Study: The main aim of the study is to investigate the effects to quality of life in patients with IBD in remission as well as patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) when treated with Saccharomyces boulardii. The secondary aim is to investigate the safety of the probiotic preparation in patients with IBD. Methods: This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Adult subjects who satisfied the Rome IV criteria and had colonoscopy in the last six months were randomised into two groups: conventional IBD therapy with probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii (Bulardi 500) or placebo for one-month. Patients completed the WPAI-GH Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Productivity Scale, Therapy Satis-faction Questionnaire, SIBDQ, before initiating probiotic and shortly after completing one-month therapy. Results: Patients reported improvements in the quality of their personal and professional lives following the use of Saccharomyces boulardii. Saccharomyces boulardii has a safe profile. Some effects are similar to those caused by placebo. Conclusion:Saccharomyces boulardii has many positive effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Longer treatment and endoscopic assessments are needed for objective assessment of the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii.
73 Study of Infectious Diarrheas, in Transylvania - Romania , Liana Monica Deac “Diarrhea” is an alteration in a normal bowel movement characterized by an increase in the water content, volume, or frequency of stools. Acute diarrhea of infec tious etiology, often referred to as gastroenteri tis and is typically associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency. Infectious diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the diarrhea we have also found out, during a large 3 yeas study 2017 - 2020 in Transylvania-Romania. 3577 number of cases were transmitted during this time by the 12 territory sanitary polices, to the Epidemiology Department from the Public Health Center Cluj. These were mostly diagnosed by the territorial family doctors in the region and more than 20%, have need hospitalization, for several days, be-cause of the mentioned disease disorders 3 children died during this time, because of severe complications. The detected infectious microbial etiology were determined in authorized laboratories, in which it was identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, and Yersinia spp. or Rotavirus Giardia, and Fungi species. Most number of cases appeared in children, followed by elderly or adult people, as quantified number of determination. In light of these data, acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance and response in the field of infectious acute diarrhea include obligatory strategies of infection control.
74 High Technologies in Global Pandemic SARS II Covid-19 and in the Future , Jose Luis Mosso Vazquez Technology is facing SARS II Covid 19 to prevent and treat SARS II Covid-19 in global pandemic. The most useful product developed in short time up today are vaccines thanks to genetic manipulation. Many countries are building new vaccines against coronavirus to prevent infections and reduce high mortality on humans in short time as never seen. Telemedicine, robotics, and virtual reality tech-nologies are being used every day to reduce and improve social distance, isolation, lockdown, fear, as aftermaths also. Telemedi-cine is being used with mobile or smartphones as one of the most important tools to make fast diagnosis sending texts as brief clini-cal history, medical images as CT scanners, X Rays, MRI and other medical data to be shared with specialist.
75 Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Patient with COVID-19 , Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi1, Mohammad Dehghani Firouzabadi1, Fatemeh Moosaie, Niyoosha Yoosefi, Sara Ramezanpour, Sepideh Babaniamansour, Saeedeh Rafiee, Maryam Roomiani, Hesam Jahandideh Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global crisis, as the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Perforation of tympanic membrane (TMP), followed by remission of COVID-19, is a rare presentation of this infection, which can cause hearing loss. Case Report: We report a critical case of COVID-19 in an elderly woman without any past medical history. She was admitted to the hospital with a rare, but serious presentation of TMP after one week of remission from COVID-19 infection. Otoscopy of ear revealed clear external auditory canal and central perforation in the pars tensa with regular margins occupying the posteroinferior quadrant. Audiogram showed conductive hearing loss of 20dB in the air bone gap. Computed tomography scan (axial view) with thin cuts of the temporal bone revealed well pneumatized mastoid regions without any density or secretion and normal middle ears without any density or secretion. After 2 months, tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy was performed and she recovered totally and the TMP healed and an audiogram performed 2 months later normalized. Conclusion: This case emphasized the importance of regular follow-ups for patients with COVID-19 and highlighted the need for attention to unusual presentations, such as of otorrhea, otalgia, and a sensation of fullness in the ear.
76 Treatment of Hepatitis Viruses; Costly and Inaccessible , Oumer Abdu Muhie1* and Habtewold Shibru2 Hepatitis viruses B (HBV) and C (HCV) are major causes of liver diseases worldwide generally and in developing countries specifically. More than 70 million of the world population is estimated to be infected with hepatitis C virus. The World Health organization (WHO) has planned to eliminate HCV from the globe by the year 2030 [1]. Similarly estimated 240 million people were infected by HBV by 2005 globally
77 Smartphones in 2011 for Telemedicine in Emergency Surgery and 7 Years Later , José Luis Mosso Vázquez1,2* and Enrique Jesús Rodriguez3 Objective: Demonstrate the utility of Mobile phones for Telemedicine in emergency surgery. Surgeon shared patient Ìs medical re-cord, pictures and videos with anesthesiologist, scrub nurses to prepare on time operating room and surgical tools before emergence surgery. Methodology: In the preoperative, surgeon made medical text and images with a mobile phone of each patient in emergence service and send this information to anesthesiologists and scrub nurses. In the intraoperative an assistant made pictures of surgical field. In the postoperative surgeon made pictures of organs or tissues removed and share all information with physicians of emergence service also. 77 cases were recorded with this technique. Results: Anesthesiologists evaluated77 cases in the preoperative where images from the patient Ìs mouth, teeth, neck size and ana-tomical surgical regions were enough to be evaluated. With aware patient state, endotracheal tube size and preparation of medica-tion for general or regional anesthesia were evaluated also thanks of medical pictures and data. Surgeon sent anesthesiologist a summary of medical record of each patient by messages, pictures and videos. Pictures resolution was enough to evaluate airways of each patient to select the correct endotracheal tube size. Conclusion: Pictures resolutions were enough to prepare adequate surgical and anesthesiologist tools in the preoperative to avoid lost time in the intraoperative. The first significant conclusion is for the quality of surgical attention for patients because we can reduce intraoperative complications such as bleedings and losing time for intubations. Otherwise, with smart phones we improve traditional medical relationship between surgeons, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, interns, residents, undergraduate students, and emergence team. The cost benefit of this project is the reduction of surgical complications as bleeding and short surgical time. In this technique, we add technology with smart phones inside traditional communications between physicians, sending us medical data of patients in the preoperative 7 years later, mobile phones generations have been improving emergence in surgery communications and in Telemedicine with high resolutions of medical images and videos. Up today, early 2021, smartphones demonstrate the po-tential into SARS II, Covid-19 Global Pandemic. Videoconference, social media are the powerful technology in the humankind hands.
78 GERD Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management and Treatment with a Focus on Speech Therapeutics , Shmuel Golfeyz* MD and Aviva Bamshad CCC-SLP Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonly encountered diseases worldwide. Symptoms vary widely among patients and can lead to decreased quality of life. Though much has been published regarding medical GERD treatment, there is a paucity of literature on the topic of speech therapeutics as an alternative, or in addition to, standard treatment options. This review article focuses on highlighting current literature on this subject matter and providing a thorough overview of GERD. Further research and study into the utility of speech therapeutics in the treatment of GERD is necessary to help determine which therapeutic techniques are the most effective treatment options.
79 MUC1 Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinomas: Its Prognostic Significance and Clinicopathological Correlation , Nisha Raj1, Ashok Kumar2, Praveer Rai3 and Ram Nawal Rao4* Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma, a biologically heterogeneous disease that involves numerous genetic and epigenetic altera-tions. MUC1 (Mucin-1) acts as an oncoprotein is a membrane associated glycoprotein, has a role in protecting gastric epithelial cells from a variety of external insults which causes inflammation and carcinogenesis. It also functions in cell signaling pathway leading to the upregulation of cyclin D1. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of MUC1 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its association with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: A total of 70 patients of gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in to this study. MUC1 protein expres-sion were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using MUC1 antibody on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples. Results: Out of 70 cases, there were 43(61.4%) males and 27(38.6%) females with a mean age of 54.71 ± 1.78 years. Tumors in an-tropyloric region 33(63.4%) formed the major bulk. Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was predominant in 30(42.8%) cas-es followed by poorly differentiated 26(37.2%) and well differentiated type 14(20%). MUC1 positivity rate was observed in 47.2% of cases. Frequency of MUC1 positivity was higher in cases with intestinal type tumors 22(55%). MUC1 positivity was significantly associated with advanced age, gender, smoking, histological subtypes and with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05).We did not find significant correlation of MUC1 expression with tobacco chewer, tumor site, tumor differentiation, Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion(PNI) and TNM staging (p > 0.05). Conclusion: MUC1 gene was highly expressed in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in our study. These findings may of prognos-tic value and may give some insight in therapeutic decision-making.
80 Bowel Surgery Audit in a small County/District Hospital , SA Naqvi* The need of Clinical audit has been increased in the last two decades, as it is required for the accreditation process in every healthcare system. Data collection and analysis are excessively ti-me-consuming in everyday practice. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the colorectal work at small hospital with out ICU facilities, monitoring of our clinical practice and outcome in difficult circumstances and to evaluate the outcome of colorectal surgeries in a small hospital. The second purpose was to obser-ved mortality rates in this small unit to compare with international standards.
81 Symbiotic Treatment Improve IBS Symptoms and Quality of Life: Placebo-Controlled Study , Bazzi Nagham1, Bazzi Mariam2, Hallal Hadi1, Lakkis Remie1, Akoush Hassan1, Saad Wajih1, AlKhatib Amani1 and Hallal Mahmoud3* Background:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and functional gastrointestinal dysfunction characterized by altered bowel movement and abdominal pain and has a complicated etiology. Probiotics are the novel therapy based on better understanding of the disease pathology. Patients and Methods: We conducted a control-placebo study, 157 subjects enrolled in this study, and followed up for 6 months, divided into three groups to compare the effect of probiotics and placebo on IBS patients. Results: Probiotics significantly decreased the IBS symptoms, it normalized bowel movement. Conclusion: Probiotics could be the gold standard for IBS treatment.
82 Impacts of Perianal Crohn's Disease on Quality of Life and Work Productivity , Dorra Trad* Background: Few data exist on quality of life (QoL) and the socio-professional impact in patients with perianal Crohn's disease, especially in Tunisia, probably because the patient-doctor relationship is mainly focused on obtaining clinical, biological and endo-scopic remission of the Crohn disease (CD). Our study aimed to evaluate the impacts of perianal Crohn's disease on QoL and work productivity. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study including patients with CD followed in the Gastroenterology department of Habib Thameur hospital between July and August 2020 was performed. QoL as well as professional impact were compared in patients with perianal Crohn's disease and controls without perianal symptoms. Results: Thirty two patients were included. Mean age was 38.28 years [18 - 60] and the sex ratio was 1. Perianal lesions were ob-served in 15 patients (44% of cases). By calculating the HADS score, anxiety and depression were found in 22% and 19% of patients, respectively. Mean fatigue score was 3.75 [1 - 9]. Mean SF-36 score was 64.18 [37 - 98]. Mean SIBDQ score was 49.09 [29 - 64]. The significant impact of CD on QoL attested by an SIBDQ score < 40 was observed in 22% of cases. The average IBD-Disk score was 41.66 [3 - 88]. Severe functional impairment was predominantly associated with body image and sleep quality in 53% and 47%, respectively. Regarding the impact of CD on work productivity, only 41% of patients had paid work at the time of inclusion. CD was responsible for an overall average decline in productivity estimated at 56% and an average restriction of 45% of usual daily activities. By comparing the QoL scores according to the presence or not of perianal manifestations, we found a statistically significant link be-tween perianal Crohn’s disease and the field of mental health of the SF-36 score (p = 0.03). Regarding the impact of perianal Crohn’s disease on professional activity, there was a statistically significant association between the mean rate of activity restriction and the presence of perianal manifestations (p = 0.04). Conclusion: It appears that CD is a source of impaired QoL and psychological discomfort with reduced work productivity. Com-prehensive care involving a gastroenterologists, occupational physicians and psychologists is sometimes necessary in these young patients. The presence of perianal manifestations seems to influence negatively mental health and professional activity.
83 APRI Score and Conventional Liver Ultrasonography Accurately Evaluate Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Patients in an African Hospital Setting , Raïssa Nana Sede Mbakop1, Mathurin Pierre Kowo1*, Firmin Ankouane Andoulo1, Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam1, Jean Roger Mouliom Tapouh2, Jean Claude Mballa Amougou2, Patricia Guekam Ouamba1, Samuel Nko’o Amvene2 and Oudou Njoya1 Background: In Cameroon, some non-invasive methods used in the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) such as liver stiffness or biomarker panels such as FibroTest® and Fibrometer ® are expensive and/or not easily accessible. However, the Aspartate aminotransferase-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and conventional liver ultrasonography are readily available and can be used in this resource-limited setting.Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of APRI and conventional liver ultrasonography in the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital in Cameroon. CHC patients ≥ 18 years seen at this center from January 2015 to December 2017 with available results of FibroTest® were included in this study. APRI was calculated for each patient and liver ultrasonography findings were obtained from patient files. The diagnostic accuracy of APRI and liver ultrasonography was assessed using the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC). The sensitivities, specifici-ties, and predictive values of various cut-offs of APRI in detecting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were determined using FibroTest®as the standard. Results: 81 patients were included with a mean age of 60.3 ± 9.3 years. The mean viral load was 6.02 ± 0.62 logIU/ml. APRI was strongly correlated to FibroTest® (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). APRI’s AUROCs in diagnosing liver fibrosis were 0.766 and 0.774 for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively. Practically, an APRI > 0.5 had a sensitivity of 75.4% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 88.5% for significant fibrosis. APRI > 2 was 97.7% specific for cirrhosis and had a PPV of 93.8%. An irregular liver surface was highly spe-cific for cirrhosis (p = 0.004). The diagnostic accuracy for liver cirrhosis significantly increased when APRI was combined with US liver surface parameters (AUROC 0.802, p = 0.005). The combination of irregular liver surface and APRI ≥ 0.73 was 97.7% specific for cirrhosis. Conclusion: APRI score is useful in identifying patients at the main endpoints of hepatitis C-related fibrosis, especially when com-bined with ultrasound, and could be a potentially valuable tool in staging and appropriately managing patients with CHC in limited resource settings.
84 Can be Protective Effect Melatonin against covid-19 Induced Gastrointestinal and Liver Damage? , Ahmet Özer Sehirli1*, TuÄŸrul ÇakÄ±r2, Cebrail Akyüz3 and Serkan Sayiner4 Since enzymes such as transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) responsible for the invasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19, are also expressed in the gastrointestinal system and liver. The virus also infects these tissues. Inflammatory pathways are activated by the impairment of T cell activity, especially with increasing free radicals. As a result of the activation of these pathways, cytokine expression increases and this situation causes inflammation-mediated tissue injury. Besides, it is known that the agents used during treatment cause damage to the liver and gastrointestinal system. Therefore, it is thought that melatonin, which is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory feature released from the pineal gland, may prevent gastrointestinal system and liver damage that will occur during COVID-19 and its treatment. Also, considering that COVID-19 has a more destructive effect on people with immunodeficiency (although this rate is between 1 in 8,500 and 1 in 100,000 among symptomatic individuals), it is a strong possibility that melatonin, which has a pleiotropic immunomodulator feature, may also be beneficial on the liver and gastrointestinal tissue.
85 Timing of Bariatric Surgery in Liver Transplant Recipients; A Comprehensive Systematic Review , Thamer Kassim, Haitam Buaisha, Jonathan Gapp, Jahnavi Koppala, Ryan Walters, Rajani Rangray* and Sandeep Mukherjee Background and Objectives: Rising obesity rates with an associated increased prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have become a leading cause of end stage liver disease (ESLD). This excess weight poses particular challenges in the care of liver transplant (LT) patients. We conduct a systematic review to investigate the most safe and feasible timing to undergo bariatric surgery in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplant. Methods: We performed a literature search on studies reporting BS associated with LT in adults. There was no enough comparable information to conduct a metanalysis. A systematic review was conducted. Results: BS prior to LT: Eight retrospective studies with small groups of patients (n: 6 - 78) examined BS prior to LT. Most of these studies suggest that this approach is relatively safe, efficacious and carries a low complication rate. However, one larger study suggested that BS (mainly RGYB) prior to LT may be associated with higher delisting rates or deaths prior to LT. Simultaneous BS and LT: Most of the reported studies are limited in their sample size and follow up duration. They showed improvement in obesity related complications and resulted in effective and durable weight loss. BS after LT: Six studies were reported with overall 43 patient. Improvement in the metabolic comorbidities following BS were noted and no early mortality was reported with respect to BS. Overall complication rates were higher than nontransplant population. Effects on immunosuppression were minimal with no reported graft rejection. Conclusion: BS performed before, after, or simultaneously to LT seems to be an acceptable option for obese patients with ESLD.
86 Abdominal Pain May Unmask Subtitle Sickle Cell Traits , Nada Boutrid, Mounira Amrane, Naouel Lemdaoui, Belkacem Bioud and Hakim Rahmoune A young adolescent girl was consulting for recurrent abdominal pain crisis with severe emesis, fatigue and cephalalgia.These episodes occurred more than four times during the last few months and the patient had several biological investigations and a myriad of imaging studies; all of them being within the nor-mal limits.A thorough history and a complete physical examination did not reveal additional findings; but hemoglobin electrophoresis un-masked abnormal hemoglobin S at 39% of total hemoglobin.A second blood sample confirmed this sickle cell trait; a full fa-milial screening is ordered and the patient was counseled about preventive measures and referred to the hematology outpatient clinics.
87 Nursing Diagnoses in Promoting the Quality of Life of Patients with Crohn's Disease , Andreza de Andrade Pinto, Lucas Resende Aniceto, Laurindo Pereira de Souza and Marcia Guerino de Lima Objective: To identify the basic human needs involved and to implement the nursing diagnoses to the patient with Crohn's disease, to expose the sociodemographic profile and to present the quality of life of these patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive field research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach in the city of Cacoal/Rondônia (Brazil). The sample was of the intentional type composed of 8 individuals with medical diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Data collection was performed in August 2017 through the adapted "Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire". Results: Showed a higher prevalence in the fourth (37.5%) and fifth (37.5%) decades of life, female predominance (62.5%) and white skin color (50%). It is noted that the highest rates of poor quality of life found after applying the questionnaire are reported in emotional aspects and systemic aspects, both of which refer to 12.5% of the sample. The study found that the quality of life of Crohn's patients is classified, mainly, as good. Conclusion: The primary nursing diagnoses in the treatment of Crohn's disease are: imbalanced nutrition, diarrhea, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, risk for dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, risk of injury, impaired comfort, acute pain, disturbed sleep pattern, fatigue, anxiety, overload stress and impaired mood regulation.
88 The Effect of Water Flushing Pump during Colonoscopy in Adenoma Detection Rate. (Retrospective Study) , Assaf Moushira, Khalil Ali, Matar Rasha, Lakis Remi, Mroue Ahmad and Hallal Mahmoud Background/Aims: The adenomatous colorectal polyps are known to be the precursors lesions of colorectal cancer. The aim of our study was to determinate whether the use of water pump in colonoscopy significantly improve the prevalence of polyps and rate of adenoma detection and therefore could be recommended in every endoscopy unit for potentially more effective cancer prevention. Methods: All endoscopy and pathology reports of adult patients underwent colonoscopy at Zhumc between June 2017 and June 2018 were studied retrospectively. The water pump introduced in 15th December 2017. Data were compared between two groups: pre and post installation of pump with six months margin. Results: 1006 eligible patients (mean age 56, male to female ratio 1:1) of which 532 in the pre-pump group and 474 in the post-pump group with similar baseline characteristics were compared concerning prevalence of polyps and rate of adenoma detection. Prevalence of polyps was 36% in the pre-pump group versus 38% in the post-pump group with no statistical significant difference between the two groups: (P = 0.662). Rate of adenoma detection was 26.2% for the first group versus 27.1% for the second group with again no significant difference between the two groups: (P = 0.82). Mean number of polyps of less than 5 mm were also compared between the two groups with no significant difference. The chi square test was performed for comparison between results. Conclusion: The use of water pump had no effect on the detection of adenomatous lesions. On the other hand, with the use of water pump the procedure is faster, easier and therefore more effective in means saving time and effort and achieving the same results.
89 All Sinus in Natal, Always Pilonidal? , Vishal Soni and Megha Sanghvi A 26-year-old Army man with a pre-operative clinical diagnosis of Pilonidal Disease was found to have a long lateral track extension intra-operatively. Surgery was abandoned and the patient was subjected to further radiological, microbiological and histopathological tests for etiology. After extensive work up, he was subjected to surgery with an excision of about 25 cm track and primary closure of the wound. He made uneventful recovery with excellent wound healing. Final histopathology report showed it to be Non-granulomatous Inflammation, without any hair elements due to which we would like to term it as a case of Idiopathic Natal Sinus (INS) and not a Pilonidal Disease. 4 year follow up has shown no recurrence.
90 Comfortable Glue Injection Therapy , Subramanian Ponniah and Zaid Md Nafe N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue injection therapy is a well known very effective therapeutic method for gastric variceal bleed, all over the world, over two decades. The injection catheter preferably 23gauge size, 7 Fr and 240 cm length, is first filled with distilled water and the amount of dead space is determined. Depending on the size and extent of the gastric varix, the approximate quantity of glue required to completely obliterate the varix is decided. In many centers, three glue injection catheters are kept ready and three or four 2 ml syringes each filled with 0.5 ml glue and 0.5 ml lipiodol and one 2 ml syringe with distilled water of volume equal to the dead space, are taken to inject successively till the gastric varix gets hardened upon palpation with catheter. Since the glue gets polymerized very rapidly, it has to be injected very faster to prevent the needle getting clogged at the tip, followed finally by a very faster injection with distilled water. Injecting the glue faster may cause serious complications in few individuals, like portal vein embolism, cerebrovascular embolism, pulmonary embolism and splenic or pancreatic infarction. To prevent this systemic embolization the glue is injected faster in smaller quantities multiple times.
91 Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Does Body Mass Index Matter? , Akile Zengin, Yusuf Murat BaÄŸ, Mehmet Can Aydin, Kuntay Kaplan, Fatih Sumer and Cüneyt Kayaalp Aim: The effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on the intraoperative complications and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the influence of BMI on intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes in patients with LTG for gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent LTG for GC were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as normal weighted (BMI = 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2, n = 23) and overweighted-obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 13). Preoperative and intraoperative data, postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The preoperative data were similar between the groups except for BMI. The median preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (3.6 ng/ml to 1.9 ng/ml, p = 0.07) was higher in the overweighted-obese group, but the difference was not significant. There were six conversions (26%) in the normal weighted group, while no conversion was observed in the overweighted-obese group (p = 0.06). But conversion reasons were not associated with high BMI. The rate of intraoperative complications (23% to 8.6%, p = 0.32) was higher in the overweighted-obese patients, although this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Although the intraoperative complication rate and the conversion rate differed between the groups, BMI had no significant effect on intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent LTG for GC.
92 Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis , Bruno Queiroz Sander, Christian Follador Melado, Helen Brum Barcellos, Edson Portela, Adilson Renato Veríssimo, Aline Damasceno de Avance, Guilherme Camarotti de Oliveira Canejo, Flávio Rogério Hoerlle, Tiago Alves de Moura, Rolando Edward Marca Oliveira, José Alberto da Silva, Joao Marcelo Guimarães Marques, Amanda Torres Coelho, Paulo Ricardo Ramos Mendonça Filho, Erson Ramires Alves Barbosa, Lincoln Cruz Dantas, Raielly Coutinho Barbosa, Carlos Henrique Rodrigues Castro, Felipe Antonio de Rezende, Francisco Eduardo Moraes de Oliveira, Alexandre Salomão de Barros oliveira, Leonardo Teixeira Rodrigues and Jonas Pinto Vieira Eosinophilic Esophagitis is a chronic, immunologically mediated pathology characterized by eosinophil infiltrates in the esophageal mucosa, causing dysfunction of the organ. It can affect any age group, being more common in young people and with other atopics such as asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis. The symptoms presented by the patient can range from manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, to dysphagia and food impaction. The diagnosis is made through upper digestive endoscopy with biopsies demonstrating eosinophilic infiltrate greater than 15 eosinophils per field. This article has as main theme the treatment of maintenance of eosinophilic esophagitis, aiming to contextualize medical professionals with the therapeutic options used and the impact on clinical improvement and histological remission. Theoretical research started from non-experimental methodology, through literature review on the subject in recent years. The practical guidelines for the therapy of Eosinophilic Esophagitis should involve multidisciplinary follow-up with specialized professionals, such as gastroenterologist, nutritionist and allergist, being based on pharmacological and dietary measures. Dietary treatment consists of the identification of specific food allergens through tests or the empirical elimination diet of potentially more allergenic food groups. Clinical management includes an initial course with proton pump inhibitors. Topical corticosteroids (Fluticasone or Budesonide) are medications capable of reducing the eosinophilic inflammatory response and inducing histological and clinical improvement. Systemic courses of oral corticosteroids, such as Prednisone, may be necessary in patients with significant symptomatology. Endoscopic treatment, through esophageal dilation, is indicated in cases of symptomatic esophageal stricture. The choice of therapy will depend on the clinical picture, the histological analysis and the reported symptoms, as well as the preference of the physician, the patient and the costs.
93 Smartphones and Tablets as Endoscopic Surgical Trainers , José Luis Mosso Vázquez, David Gallardo Ceja, Ivan Alvarez Martínez, Jesus Antonio Gaytan, Viviana Dolores, Luis Zararía Ramón, Edmundo García Valle, Sara del Carmen Santos Dimas, Luis Ignacio Magaña Olguin, Gregorio Tomás Obrador Vera and José Luis Mosso Lara Objective: We present hold graspers for tablets and smartphones as surgical trainers and the experience of this system training in one session with 5 residents of surgery. Methodology: We designed an acrylic base of 25 cm length, 12 cm width and 2 cm of thickness. We install on this base a commercial tablet and smartphone holder (Specific for windshields). To the center and in the back of the holder we attached a horizontal arm, 22 cm large and 1.5 cm width, 2 holes end with 1 cm each in diameter (Holder for smartphones) and 30 cm lengths for tablets, getting the total systems 30 cm height and 25 cm width (See figure 1 and 2). 5 residents of surgery in the first year of residency at the Regional Hospital number 25 of the IMSS participated in 2010 (See figure 3). They trained just one session. They perform the following tasks, to grasp 4 acrylic cubes and 2 acrylic tubes with right grasper and place it to the left grasper and then place into a hole, the second task is performed knots. Results: Remarkable decreasing time in both tasks are shown in graph 1 and 2. Resident 2 and 3 performed 11 tasks more with remarkable results showing in graph 3 and 4 in a second session. In the beginning, training represents a degree of difficulty but later, warming up decreases time. Conclusion: Surgical simulators need tablets and smart phones as endoscopes. The systems are easy to use and install. New generations as undergraduate students, residents, fellowships and surgeons are potential users. Up to this day, mobile’s technology has developed in the last generation high resolution and new applications. Camera integrated permits us to become mobiles in zero-degree scope. With this experience residents used this trainer by 4 months all weekend after guards. We will design new trainers for new students’ generations in future works and we started the program of laparoscopy in the school of medicine at the Universidad Panamericana in 2010 with this experience. This simulator is useful for warming up for laparoscopic surgeons before real endoscopic surgeries on humans also.
94 Gastrointestinal Complications Post COVID-19 Infection Can be Quite Challenging and Variable in Nature , Omar S Mansour Since the breakout of COVID-19 infection, our surgical practice had changed dramatically due to the fast spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus [1]. Although COVID-19 infection is usually a respiratory disease, it was reported before that it can present as DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) especially in life threatening infections [2]. It has also been reported that gastrointestinal symptoms can present in around 80% of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infections [3]. In my colorectal clinic, I reviewed few COVID-19 patients suffering from co-existing or post COVID-19 gastrointestinal complications. Few had exacerbating of already diagnosed conditions, while others had new onset diseases and symptoms. Most of these patients had a variety of different GI complications that lasted for more than 6 weeks post COVID-19 infection diagnosis confirmed with PCR testing
95 Safety and Efficacy of ERCP Performed on Elderly and Very Elderly Patients in a Low Volume Provider Endoscopy Unit: Results from a Monocentric Retrospective Study with Control Group , Francesco Panzera*, Marina Rizzi, Letizia D’Ambrosio, Maria Filippina Dilorenzo and Berardino D’Ascoli ERCP is one of the most challenging and high-risk endoscopic procedures. The incidence of biliary tract pathologies is growing with an age-related trend and progresses as the population ages. Both the age-related outcomes and the volume-related outcomes for ERCP are still debated and incompletely understood. Experts generally agree that the lower the volumes of ERCP provided, the higher procedure-related complication and failure rates are expected. Some studies showed that ERCP in elderly patients is comparable in terms of efficacy and safety to ERCP in younger patients. However, these data generally concern studies made in referral centers and high-volume providers of ERCP. This study analyzes the performance of ERCP when it is performed on elderly and very elderly patients in a low-volume center of biliary endoscopy
96 Endoscopic Diverticulectomy with Platelet-Rich Plasma of Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum , Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga*, Vicente Moreno de Vega and Jaume Boix Valverde Background: Procedure-related bleeding remains a common complication after endoscopic diverticulectomy of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD). The optimal endoscopic approach to IDD has not been established. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven biological properties to reduce risk of bleeding. Materials and Methods: The authors describe a novel technique in which endoscopic diverticulectomy was performed with prior submucosal injection of PRP (IRB approval PT-16-002). Case Report: A 62-year-old woman with a large IDD like a “windsock” underwent endoscopic diverticulectomy with PRP obtained from a sample of patient’s blood. IDD was resected with EMR technique using a standard polypectomy snare. No immediate or delayed bleeding was noted. Follow-up endoscopy 3 months later revealed complete mucosal healing and open communication to the distal duodenum. Conclusion: Endoscopic diverticulectomy with PRP is an option in patients with IDD
97 Perforated Gastric Ulcer Repair in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era; A Case Report and Literature Review , Afiq Aizat R, Ida Nadiah AF, Noor Shairah MB, Yahya MA and Mohd Firdaus Che Ani* Perforated gastric ulcer (PGU) is a relatively common cause of peritonitis in elderly on long-term NSAIDS. Treatment algorithm however differs from center to center on managing this condition. Plenty of recommendations available on the literature at the moment to guide young surgeons in how to best manage patient in such situations. We are sharing our experience in managing case of a 76-years-old lady with perforated gastric ulcer who presented in septic shock during COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to highlight the process in decision making on timing of the surgical exploration and intervention and the factors that guide clinicians on the decision making
98 The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Disease , Riddhima Banerji Multiple studies have demonstrated that microorganisms in the gut play a key role in maintaining the normal function of the gastrointestinal tract. They are a diverse group of organisms which share an intricate relationship with the gut and one another, thereby helping to maintain a delicate physiological balance. Changes in the internal, cellular or external environment can disrupt this balance and result in pathological changes and disease. The last decade has witnessed important developments in the understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the genesis of gastrointestinal disease. The recent pandemic has underscored their significant function. Therefore, it is vital that research in this crucial area continues
99 Giant GIST of the Stomach Masquerading Gigantic Cyst Located in the Upper Part of the Peritoneal Cavity , Ramiz B Bayramov*, Ramila T Abdullayeva and Simara E Huseynova Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon when compared to all gastrointestinal neoplasms but are the most common (80 - 85%) and specific mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs often present solid tumors and are rarely predominantly cystic. This report presents a case of a large exophytic cystic GIST in 61-year-old woman who was referred to specialized oncologic clinic from an unspecialized hospital with a suspicion of huge pancreatic cystic lesion based on CT imaging. A multidisciplinary meeting including gastrointestinal surgical oncologists, endoscopists and radiologists was held before operation and gastric GIST with cystic appearance was highly doubtful as a definite preoperative clinicoradiologic diagnosis. Radiologically other cystic lesions were less doubtful. Taking into consideration the possible clinicoradiological diagnosis surgery was planned. At laparotomy a large exophytic cystic mass was found to be attached by a thin (3.0 cm in diameter) stalk to the greater curvature of the stomach at the level of its upper third. No infiltration into the surrounding structures was observed. The cyst was very mobile and did not attach to adjacent anatomical structures by adhesions. The lowermost pole of the lesion was at the level lower than umbilicus. The size of the mass was 18 × 17 × 10 cm. Wedge resection of the greater curvature of the stomach along with the cystic mass and the adherent greater omentum was performed. Pathology confirmed spindle cell tumor. Mitotic index was ≤ 5/50 HPFs and the tumor cells demonstrated positivity for CD117 on immunohistochemical staining. The histological features together with the immunohistochemical profile of the tumor cells were consistent with the GISTs. The tumor was accepted as GIST of the stomach with high risk of recurrence according to the generally accepted classifications. Patient was administrated imatinib for 12 months and during the 16 months’ postoperative period no local recurrence or metastases were detected
100 Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Revealed by Non Convulsive Status Epilepticus , Oumerzouk Jawad*, Louhab Nissrine, Chraa Mohamed and Kissani Najib We report the case report of a 71-year-old patient admitted for confusional syndrome. The electroencephalogram showed electrical signs in favor of a status epilepticus with a slowing of the background activity and recording of numerous epileptic spike-wave discharges, quasi-continuous and rhythmic. The ionogram showed hepatic cholestasis with hepatocellular insufficiency: GGT = 71 ui/l (7 - 50), PAL = 196 ui/l (32 - 91), ASAT = 61 ui/l (15 - 41), ALAT = 38 ui/l (14 - 54), total bilirubin = 35 mg /l (3 - 12), direct bilirubin = 8 mg/l (1 - 5), hyperammonemia = 126.2 mol/l (11 - 51) with TP = 66%, TCA = 42/33 and hypoalbuminemia = 23 g/l (35 - 50). The immunological assessment showed the positivity of the antinuclear antibodies (titer> 320) and of the anti-mitochondria antibodies (IFI), with negative anti-LKM1 and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. The patient received symptomatic treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, combined with an antiepileptic treatment based on levetiracetam 500 mg, twice a day, and treatment with azathioprine 50 mg, twice a day, combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. Regular monitoring did not record a relapse. In conclusion, a non-convulsive status epilepticus in an elderly patient with biological cholestasis should suggest the diagnosis of PBC
101 Effects of COVID-19 on Living Donor Liver Transplantation , Quratulain Soomro, Sikandar Aziz Afridi, Abdul Wahab Dogar, Kaleem Ullah, Azam Shoaib and Bilal Ahmed Background and Aims: The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic with rapidly rising number of cases and high mortality massivelyaffectedlivingdonorlivertransplantationinPakistan.Thestudyaimsatprovidinganinsightintothetransplantationineraofpandemic,its effectson LDLT inpostoperative period. Methods:AllthepatientslistedforLDLTatPAQSJIMSfromMarch1sttoJune30th2020werere-evaluatedforLDLT,afteraninitialcompletehalt andmortalityof3, in termsof CTP,MELD,COVID PCRandCTchest,for resumption of transplantation servicesandwere closelymonitoredpostoperatively. Results: 54 patients with Child C, MELD above 15 and negative PCR/HRCT underwent LDLT. 6 (5 recipients and 1 donor) out of 70listed, testedpositiveonPCR,weredeferredfromsurgeryandfollowed.Majorityofrecipientsweremalesintheirfortiestosixties,withnormalBMI,nocomorbidities,andunderwentLDLTforchronicviralhepatitiswithdecompensatedcirrhosis(HBV+HDV,HBV,HCV)andunresectablehepatocellularcarcinoma.Postoperatively 5Recipients(nodonors)werediagnosedwithSARSclinically,4testedpositiveonPCRand1hadCTfindingshighlysuggestiveofCOVIDinfection.Mortalitywas2/5,causedbyMOFinpatientwithprolongedillness,andsudden cardiac death inarelatively wellpatient. Conclusion: In conclusion, COVID 19 can have an atypical clinical presentation in postliver transplant patients, patients may bepre-symptomaticorasymptomaticandcanhavecardiacarrhythmias.SymptomaticpatientsmaynotnecessarilyhavePositivePCRs,HRCTfindingsshouldbeconsideredinallsymptomaticpatients,beforelabellingthemCOVIDnegativebasedonPCR.StrictlyfollowingSOPs can reduce transmissionof COVID-19
102 Detection of Human Intestinal Parasites in Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia , Eman M Hussein*, Nawal M Osman, Sarah A Al-Harbi, Ahlam S Al Abbad, Noof A Alghamdi, Raghad A Alghamdi, Lama M Alkhediwi, Safa S Al Zahrani, Yakin H Alhaddad and Ala A Atta Introduction: Ingestion of contaminated fresh leafy vegetables had an important role in the transmission of several intestinal parasitic diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to identify human intestinal parasites in commonly consumed fresh leafy vegetables in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In the current study, 400 leafy vegetable samples collected randomly from the supermarkets and open-aired markets at different times of the year in Al-Baha city were examined to detect the frequency of contamination with human intestinal parasites. Sediments and supernatants of concentrated washing solution of vegetables were examined after stained by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen. Results: The leafy vegetables contaminated with intestinal parasites were 41% (164/400). The most contaminated leafy vegetables were spinach, red radish, watercress and lettuce with 58.3%, 57.5%, 55% and 50%, respectively, while the less contaminated were mint and cabbage with 16.6% per each. Green onions, parsley, dill, celery, leek and coriander were contaminated with 40%, 37.5%, 33.3%, 31.2%, 25% and 21.9%, respectively. Contaminated leafy vegetables collected from open-air markets was 41% compared to 33% of that were collected from supermarkets. These results were statistically significant. About 122 leafy vegetables out of 164 (74.3%) were contaminated with helminths. Taeniid eggs and Strongyloides larvae were the most common with 18.3% (30 leafy vegetables per each). About 141 leafy vegetables out of 164 (85.9%) were contaminated with pathogenic human intestinal protozoa. Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts were the most commonly found with 48 (29.3%) and 35 (21.3%), respectively. The highest prevalence was in spring (45.5%) and the lowest was in summer (33.3%). These results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Control measures should include treatment of irrigation water, municipal wastewater, treatment of infected persons and mass education of the persons in contact with fresh leafy vegetables to avoid a greater health risk from handling and consuming these vegetables
103 Specimen Quality of Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) , Soterios George Panousopoulos*, Panayiotis Lazarides, Georgios Panousis, Doukakis Paradellis, Nikolaos Boltsis and Constantinos Mavrantonis Introduction: Total mesorectal excision of the rectum (TME), has been the gold standard of rectal cancer treatment since its introduction in the 1980s, greatly improving oncologic outcomes for rectal cancer patients. Minimally invasive adapatations of TME have proved to be non-inferior to the open technique. For tumors of the distal third of the rectum, however, TME continues to present significant difficulty. The advent of transanal surgery has led to Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME), in an effort to better facilitate complete excision, while preserving the desired oncologic results. Aim: In this study we present our experience with TaTME in 52 cases of rectal cancer patients, who were treated at our department. Patients and Methods: Between March 2018 and December 2020, 52 patients underwent TaTME for rectal cancer, performed by a single surgeon and surgical team. Pathology reports were compared to those of 48 patients who underwent laparoscopic TaSE TME by the same team between 2012 and 2019. Circumferential Resection Margin (CRM), and completeness of TME, were considered. Results: Combined, in the TaTME group, “complete” and “nearly complete” TME specimens were documented in 92.3% of cases. In the TaSE group, the combined “complete” and “nearly complete” specimens were 89.6% (no statistical significance- p = 0.804844). In the CRM involvement investigation, pathology reported 46 cases (88.5%) of free CRM, and 6 cases (11.5%) of involved CRM in the TaTME group (n = 52). In the TaSE group (n = 48), there were 41 cases (85.4%) of free CRM and 7 cases (14.6%) of involved CRM (no statistical significance- p = 0.678986). Conclusion: Our experience with TaTME shows that it is an acceptable TME procedure, delivering excellent results as far as operative quality is concerned. Although hampered by a steep learning curve, it seems that TaTME is safe and efficient enough when performed in a specialized setting, and at least non-inferior to other TME approaches as far as specimen quality is concerned.
104 Exercise Solutions for the Optimal Metabolic Control of Type 2 Diabetes , Xanya Sofra* and Sheetal Badami Treating physicians have consistently recommended exercise to either prevent diabetes or de-escalate symptomatology. Diabetic complications, however render physical activity undesirable or unattainable. These involve: hypothyroidism leading to substantial weight gain; perpetual fatigue due to accumulation of white adipose tissue serving as fat storage, and inadequate supply of brown fat to generate energy; accumulated toxicity causing hormonal imbalance that increases hunger; chronic pain and wounds on extremities associated with diabetic neuropathy, etc. Recent research with an effortless exercise method has demonstrated enhanced fitness and T3 increase, juxtaposed by decreased inflammation, an optimal relationship between leptin and ghrelin that control appetite, and a significant decrease of visceral fat along with VLDL, the very low density lipoprotein that carries triglycerides to the tissues. We measured the fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin of 21 diabetics and 20 prediabetics respectively, pre and post twenty treatments. There was a statistically significant decrease in both fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin for all subjects who also exhibited increased skeletal muscle mass, normalized T3 levels, decreased visceral and overall fat, along with reduced CRP, advocating diminished inflammation. Dyslipidaemia appeared to subside as denoted by suppressed levels of triglycerides contrasted by elevated HDL.
105 Successful Endoscopic Sub Mucosal Resection (ESMR) for Treatment of Carcinoid Tumor with Central Adhesion in Posterior Wall of Duodenum , Seyed Reza Fatemi, Naghmeh Salarieh*, Shabnam Shahrokh, Shirin Haghighi and Seyed Ali Fatemi Duodenal carcinoids are rare form of neuroendocrine tumors with tend to invade the submucosa, during the early stages. Recently, endoscopic resection of neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum is increasingly performed as an alternative to conventional surgery. Although, a few reports have described the use of endoscopic resection of duodenal carcinoids, it is still a challenging treatment especially for bulbar carcinoids. We performed endoscopic Sub mucosal resection (ESMR) for a case of carcinoid in posterior wall of bulb with central adhesion. Although the tumor was located in the 2nd and submucosa layer, R0 resection was performed without complication in this case. ESMR thus is a safe and effective treatment for duodenal carcinoids less than 10 mm in diameter even with adhesion.
106 An Analysis of Gastroentereopancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India , Vinay K, Balaji Jayasankar* and Sonali V Huilgol Introduction: There is limited data available on epidemiology and clinicopathological patterns of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NET) in India. Due to increased availability of advanced endoscopic and radiological imaging, the diagnosis of benign and incidentally identiï¬ed lesions has also increased over the past decades. Curative surgery is often not feasible since most patients present with metastases at diagnosis. We sought to study the demographics and the behaviour of the tumour. Methods: The present study is an ambispective study of 25 patients diagnosed to have GEP NETs, treated at over a period of 5 years. Our study focussed on the distribution, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes. Results: The mean age of presentation was 51 years with a female preponderance of 52%. Most common site of origin was pancreas (56%) followed by duodenum (32%). Abdominal pain (68%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by vomiting (8%). 17 patients underwent surgery or endoscopic resection. 8 patients underwent medical management. All 25 patients survived and discharged from hospital after respective treatment. There were no deaths recorded in these patients during the hospital stay, however on follow up 5 patients reported mortality in a span of 18 months. Conclusion: The majority of GEP NET will beneï¬t with a timely surgical intervention along with a sustained medical management. A more robust epidemiological study will help us to understand the burden of this disease better amongst our population.
107 Right Hepatectomy in Post Bariatric Surgery Living Donor: Case Report , Manoj Gupta*, Bhushan Bhole and KR Vasudevan Background: Hepatic steatosis is one of the most common causes of an increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [1]. NAFLD is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Weight reduction by bariatric surgery can prevent the progression of NAFLD to chronic liver disease. Case Report: Liver donor was 50 year old female who donated for her husband. She was having past history of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and her recent BMI was more than 35. On evaluation, USG abdomen was normal. MR fat estimation showed 3 - 5% fat fraction in her right and left lobe (Picture 1). Ct volumetric analysis showed adequate remnant and graft volume. Liver biopsy analysis showed 5 - 7% fat fraction without any sign of portal inflammation or fibrosis (Picture 2). During operation her liver was looking normal with adequate volume and remnant, Right lobe was taken out without middle hepatic vein. She tolerated procedure well. Her post-operative recovery was uneventful. Patient also recovered well. Conclusion: There are not enough similar studies, this case report has shown that in selected cases, post bariatric surgery obese person can also be considered for liver donation safely, though larger studies needed to confirm it.
108 All that Glitters is Not Gold: Non-Oncological Elevation of CA-125 , Hakim Rahmoune, Nada Boutrid, Soumia Satta, Hala Boutrid and Naouel Lemdaoui Genital, and particularly adnexal lesions are not uncommon, and may masquerade different diagnoses, sometimes unexpected.A sharp approach of this condition should lead to a step-wised assessment, especially for adolescent patients, keeping in mind the socio-epidemiological context of the local population.We present a very ludic and peculiar case of an ovarian cyst with ascites in a teenager.We admitted a girl aged 13 with a previous history of a pro-longed, 6-month secondary amenorrhea associated with fever and subacute pain at the right lumbar region.A prompt and complete investigation reveals a mid-size ovarian cyst at right with localized, (reactive) ascites. Concomitant biology depicts highly elevated inflammatory biomarkers (C Reactive Protein, CRP and Erythrocyte Sedimenta-tion Rate, ESR) along with a dramatic increase of the Cancer Anti-gen-125 (CA-125).Finally, TB-Interferon is positive, and Tuberculin skin test is as high as 19 mm of diameter.
109 A Case Report on Alprazolam Induced Pedal Edema , Clement Kabakama, Aneena Suresh, Abdul Rafey Usmani and Zahra D Khan Alprazolam induced pedal edema is a rare entity. Alprazolam acts at several sites within the central nervous system, including the limbic system and reticular formation effects which may be mediated through GABA (A) sub unit receptor system where by leading to increase in neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA. We report a case of a 70 year-old-female patient with complaint of difficulty in breathing, tiredness and palpitations. She was later diagnosed with congestive heart failure. On the third day patient had complaint of difficult in sleeping and was prescribed alprazolam. The following day, during the ward round, odema was reported and alprazolam was stopped and reported as an ADR through spontaneous reporting form of an adverse drug reaction. During Hospitalization the Prognosis of the patient to withdrawal of the causative agent was done and the Patient her swollen left leg, managed with loop diuretic. Hence forth we report a rarely incidence of alprazolam inducing pedal edema.
110 Biochemical Significance of Biomaterials Based on the Chitin-Chitosan Axis , Tamar Farraj, Mariam Ajam, Sevgi Gençosman, Deniz Ceylanli, Ahmet Özer Åžehirli and Serkan SayÄ±ner Chitin is the second most available polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. It is found abundantly in the exoskeleton of arthropods such as insects, crabs, lobsters, and its presence in the fungi cell wall. The deacetylation of Chitin yields the formation of Chitosan, which has multiple exceptional properties. These include biocompatible, biodegradable as well as anti-microbial characteristics. Chitin and its biopolymer Chitosan have been a subject of research for their potential use in biomedical application. Their interesting properties meet the criteria needed to be used as biomaterials, especially in tissue engineering. This review explains the biochemical significance of biomaterials based on the chitin-chitosan axis by showing the biochemical structure and the properties of the Chitin and Chitosan, which include biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and some other beneficial properties which make Chitosan a very functional biomaterial that can adapt with living mammalian cells and induce their proliferation. We mention their use in the biomedical field as biomaterial, with a particular focus on Chitin and Chitosan-based scaffolds in tissue engineering (chitosan hydrogels and chitosan sponges), scaffolds in wound dressing (chitosan films, porous chitosan nanofiber membranes, and chitosan-based sutures), and some other chitin/chitosan-based materials. In fact, besides being biocompatible and biodegradable, they also display some other properties that allow them to be formed as scaffolds, using various methods, including lyophilization, freeze gelation, and gas foaming. Their non-toxic, soft and flexible properties will give them advantageous characteristics for their use as hydrogels. Their porous structure, antibacterial and hemostatic characteristics will make them ideal biomaterials for wound dressings and sponge materials in tissue engineering. Chitin/chitosan-based biomaterials have also proven significance in Veterinary medicine with their high nutritional characteristics that should be present in animals' diets. Additionally, it was also recognized for its high biomedical importance that has been used widely in medicine. Chitin and chitosan-based biomaterial are thus a revolutionary discovery in the biomedical field, as they improved the performance of biomaterials by being natural substitutes to the petrochemical products precedents and renewable and environmentally friendly.
111 Paradoxical Additional Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors Beyond Glycosuria in Controlling Obesity, NAFLD Treatment, Pancreatic β Cell Protection Besides Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus, CVOT and Renoprotection-A Minireview , Kulvinder Kochar Kaur, Gautam Allahbadia and Mandeep Singh Earlier we had reviewed how obesity is assuming an endemic/pandemic proportions resulting in escalating incidence as well as prevalence associated with escalating worldwide incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), that is correlated with enhanced morbidity. We tried to detail how probiotics, L-carnitine (LC), nicotinamide ribose (NR) combination, along with apical sodium dependent bile acids transporter (ASBT) or volixibat and silybin, vitamin D, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), might aid in treating and understand the etiopathogenesis of NAFLD, besides role of Astragaloside IV. Having reviewed sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors earlier for better glycaemic control and cardiovascular outcome (CVOT) and renoprotective actions here we conducted a minireview on how SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated certain magical actions beyond glycosuria for Diabetes mellitus (DM) control, in treating obesity, protective action on pancreatic β cells and how they are another efficacious therapy for NAFLD specifically in the ones who have developed diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and 2).
112 Perceptional Barriers in Hepatitis C Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan , Muhammad Daud*, Saima Mehboob, Bushra Gul and Waheed Ullah Objective: To determine the perception of local resident patients regarding chronic hepatitis C infection using the BIPQ (brief illness perception questionnaire). Materials and Methods: This Observational, cross-sectional study was performed in two hospitals, selected from two districts of KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), a tertiary care hospital from District Peshawar, and a secondary care hospital from District Charsadda. Patients with chronic Hepatitis C (HCV RNA positive through PCR analysis), of age ≥ 18 years, mentally sound, and lacking any major comorbidities were included in the study. The study duration was 1 year lasting from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients were recruited through non-probability Convenience sampling and face-to-face interviews for duration of 10 - 15 minutes were conducted in the outpatient departments of each hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the study participants and the scoring of BIPQ. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for determining the normality of the data. Inferential statistics (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used for comparative analysis of study variables. Spearman’s rho correlation was used to check the association between the BIPQ item scales and overall score. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the predictable variables responsible for overall threat or benign condition of the patients. Results with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Microsoft Excel 2016, and IBM SPSS V.21.0 were used for data analysis and interpretation. Results: A total of 550 patients were approached for participation but only 525 patients showed consented for inclusion in the study (95.45% response rate). Mean age of the participants was 43.94 (11.90) years. Majority were females with a frequency of 301 (57.4%) and out of these, stay at home wives were 294 (56%). Most of the patients were of lower middle age i.e. 31 - 45 years. Illiteracy was high among the participants 426 (81.1%). Patients who were daily wages job workers (DWJWs) were 127 (24.2%), and those who had previously experienced some kind of failed HCV therapy were 197 (37.5%) (Table 1). BIPQ results showed that Patients had the highest Concern score with a Mean (SD) of 8.09 (2.09); followed by Treatment control, 7.92 (2.13); and lowest on the Coherence item scale, 2.92 (1.85). According to the instructions, the overall sum score of BIPQ was calculated, which was found to be 43.35 (13.15) Mean (SD), and it also showed an internal consistency of α = 0.859 (Table 2). Females showed higher emotional representation and lower Coherence than males with p ≤ 0.05. Daily wages job workers (DWJWs) showed higher concern (p ≤ 0.05). Treatment-experienced patients scored less on treatment control (p = 0.029) and high on disease chronicity (p ≤ 0.01) when compared with newly diagnosed HCV patients (Table 3). BIPQ Overall score showed significant strong and positive correlation with Consequences (r = 0.822, p ≤ 0.01), identity (r = 0.816, p ≤ 0.01), and strong negative correlation with treatment control (r = -0.715, p ≤ 0.01) and Your-control r = -0.700, p ≤ 0.01 (Table 4). On the basis of Overall score (Total score = 80), patients were divided into the final two categories for research purpose. Patients who scored 0 - 40 were labeled “Benign” (i.e. having good perception, less threat), and those with a score ranging from 41 - 80 were labeled “Threat” (i.e. Bad perception, higher threat). Binary logistic regression of these two categories with independent study variables indicated that only failed previous treatment experience of the patients had a significant effect on the overall patients’ perceived threat of the disease, χ2(1) = 1.587, p < 0.05, (95%CI: 1.096, 2.296). Regarding the most probable source of infection most patients (79.23%) were unable to identify any transmission risk factor for Hepatitis C. Some of the participants (8.5%) indicated that unsterilized dental practices as the cause of their infection. Some pointed out mental stress, pollution, and spiritual reasons as a cause of infection (Figure 1). Conclusion: Patients lacked information and understanding of the causality and transmission of risk factors of HCV infection and they showed high concerns for their lives and families. Previously failed HCV treatment experiences altered the patients’ perceptions negatively as they were doubtful of the success of modern more effective drugs available.
113 Prevalence and Predictors of Gallbladder Stasis among Patients with Cholelithiasis , M Ravikiran, Usha Dutta, Anish Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Solanki, GR Verma, Sanjay Chaudhuri, Rakesh Kochhar, B Nagi and Kartar Singh Background: GB stasis is an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of gallstones and gallbladder cancer. The prevalence and predictors of GB stasis among patients with GS in a high incidence area for GBC like North India is not known. Aims: To determine the prevalence of gallbladder stasis among patients with GS using cholescintigraphy and to identify clinical, demographic and radiological predictors of GB stasis. Methods: Patients with GS were prospectively evaluated for demographic, anthropometric, dietary and clinical parameters. Ultrasonography assessment for number and size of stones and to exclude associated malignancy/polyp was done. Gallbladder Ejection Fraction (GBEF) was assessed using HIDA scan after ingestion of fatty meal. GBEF of £ 35% was considered as evidence for GB stasis. Predictors of GB stasis were identified by univariate followed by multivariate analysis. Results: 120 patients with GS were studied (mean Age 46 ± 13 years; 80% F). Majority (92%) were symptomatic, dyspepsia (78%), biliary colic (70%), postprandial discomfort (70%), fat intolerance (31%) or jaundice (5%). Ultrasound showed multiple GS in 73%. The median EF was 40% (range 0 - 95%). 47% (56/120) had GB stasis {non-visualized GB (39 cases) or low EF (17 cases)}. The median EF in the multiple GS group was lower than in single GS group [35% vs 52%; (p = 0.021)]. Patients with single GS were more likely to have good EF (> 75%) than multiple GS group [12/33 (36%) vs 10/87 (12%); p = 0.002]. GB stasis was found more often in the multiple GS group than single GS [45/87 (52%) vs 11/33 (33%) (p = 0.07)]; among poor SES than upper SES group [44/84 (52%) Vs 12/36 (33%), (p = 0.05)]; in those with postprandial discomfort than those without [44/84 (52.4%) Vs 12/36 (33%), (p = 0.05)] and in those of sub-Himalayan belt than those from Punjab and Haryana [18/28 (64%) vs 38/92 (41%); p = 0.03]. Independent risk factors for stasis were postprandial discomfort (OR = 2.7; p = 0.03), belonging to sub-Himalayan belt (OR = 4; p = 0.007), poor SES (OR = 3.2; p = 0.014) and multiple GS (OR = 2.4; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Gallbladder stasis is present in 47% of patients with GS. Independent predictors of GB stasis are presence of multiple GS, poor SES and post-prandial discomfort and in those belonging to states of sub-Himalayan belt.
114 Predictors of Difficult Cholecystectomy , Nagendra Prasad Anipindi Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most commonly performed laparoscopic surgeries worldwide. There is no uniform consensus as to predictors of pre-operative difficult gall bladder and conversion to open cholecystectomy. Few indicators have been proposed but may not be applicable in all cases leaving a room for intra-operative surprises. In this study, we evaluated the indicators for pre-operative difficult cholecystectomy and possible conversion to open cholecystectomy. Methods: A prospective observational study of patients who underwent LC from 2009 to 2016 was done. A retrospective analysis of possible factors responsible for conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy was performed. The statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. Results: Out of 415 cases, 368 (88.7%) patients underwent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy while 47 (11.3%) patients were converted to open cholecystectomy. These 47 patients constituted the study cohort. Males constituted 62%. Average age was 51.34 years ± 10.3 years. Abdominal pain was seen in 93.5%, tenderness in 81%, palpable mass in 25.5% and fever in 60% of patients. Raised total leucocyte count was seen in 78.7% and altered liver function tests in 66% of patients. Increased gall bladder wall thickness was found in 91% and pericholecystic fluid collection was seen in 27.5%. Dilated Common bile duct was found in 17% patients. Acute cholecystitis with obliterated Calot’s triangle was seen in 49% followed by dense adhesions, empyema and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Conclusion: The most common cause of conversion to open cholecystectomy was presence of dense adhesions obliterating the anatomy at Calot's triangle. Difficult LC can be predicted based on clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters. All said and then, a difficult gall bladder can still be encounter on the operative table in the absence of the above findings. Hence every case should be treated on its individual merit and one should always be ready for difficult dissection.
115 Infrared Coagulation for Treatment of Internal Hemorrhoids in Otherwise Healthy Patients and Specific Condition (A 5 Year Follow Up) , Seyed Reza Fatemi, Behzad Hatami, Naghmeh Salarieh, Azam Farahani, Seyed Ali Fatemi, Sania Alizadeh2 and Mahdi Heydari Monfared Background: Infrared coagulation (IRC) is one of nonsurgical office-based modalities for treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Although until recently, rubber band ligation (RBL) has mainly been considered as first-line therapy, it sounds that IRC can be used as first choice in treatment of grades I-III internal hemorrhoids, especially in certain conditions including pregnant and cirrhotic patients. Methods: Our study was conducted prospectively and 220 patients including 190 otherwise healthy, 20 cirrhotic Child-Pugh class B or C and 10 pregnant patients, 46% female and 53% male, with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids grades II or III underwent IRC in total 660 sittings over a 3- month period of treatment. Early and late complications and outcome of patients were monitored during a period of 5-year follow-up. Results: Out of 220 patients just 85.8% experienced some short time post-procedure symptoms. The most common complaint was feeling of mild pressure or discomfort in anal canal (42.7%) occurred within 24 hours to 10 days after procedure and completely resolved thereafter. The other complaint was trivial bleeding during defecation (23.2%) for few days after procedure. The post procedure complaints in pregnant and cirrhotic patients were not different from otherwise healthy patients. Among 220 patients treated by IRC, only 33 patients (15%) experienced recurrence of symptoms predominantly as rectal bleeding during long-term follow-up. The majority of relapses occurred within one year after procedure (81.8%). Unexpectedly, the relapse rate in pregnant and cirrhotic patients were similar to otherwise healthy patients. Overall success rate of this modality for treatment of early internal hemorrhoids in long-term follow-up was 85%. Conclusion: IRC is a simple, swift, convenient and repeatable procedure with good safety index and high success rate for treatment of grades I-III internal hemorrhoids that can be conducted in outpatient setting for otherwise healthy patients as well as pregnant and cirrhotic patients. It can even be regarded as first -line therapy.
116 Surgical Management of Hepatobiliary Complications in Sickle Cell Disease. Literature Review , Salah Termos, Afaq Mahmoud Alkhalil, Hassan Al-Jafar, Ali Alqatan, Nijmeh Hammoud, Ahmad Essam Almulla, Fahad Alabdulghani and Mohammad Alhunaidi Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hemoglobinopathy that results in vasoocclusive crisis with abnormal endothelial interactions causing repeated ischemia and reperfusion injuries, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This pathophysiologic process can affect multiple organs in the body leading to serious medical disorders. Liver disease is an important factor of morbidity and mortality in patients with SCD. It is most commonly affected due to sickle hepatopathy, an umbrella term for a variety of acute and chronic pathologies that can be manifested in several clinical conditions that range from benign hyperbilirubinemia to an overt liver failure. Management of this disease poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Surgical treatment of hepatobiliary complications in SCD patients will be outlined in this review.
117 SARS 2-Covid-19 Social Impact, in a Remote Indigenous Village in the Alpine and Southeast of Mexico , José Luis Mosso Vázquez, Dejanira Mosso Lara and Jonathan Joshua del Real Goal: Describe the impact of COVID-19 in “El Tepeyac, an indigenous community of Mè’Phàà people situated in the southeast region of Guerrero, México. Methods: We obtained permission from local meet with the community to provide critical information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. We made a survey to get population statistics in the last year, we donated oximeters, thermometers and fast covid-19 tests in order to enhance diagnostic capabilities of the community. We provided direct assistance to the community for 3 days, during which we utilized the assistance from a Mè’Phàà translator. Results: Since the time that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected in February 2020 up until today May 12, 2021, there have been 0 deaths and 0 infected with SARS-CoV-2 in El Tepeyac. No citizens were infected the disease in the period lasting from February 2020 to May 13, 2021. The El Tepeyac village has 325 citizens as of December 31, 2020. Few of them use face cloth masks, none of which were classified as N95 masks. Little to no assistance was offered by local healthcare institutions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion: There are no reported infections or deaths from COVID-19 in El Tepeyac. It is suggested that the transmission of COVID-19 was prevented due to social distancing in addition to the distance between other communities. The community El Tepeyac is separated from other communities by more than 15 kilometers. The small size of these communities and relative isolation from areas of higher population density is also a possible reason for the minimal impact of COVID-19 on this community.
118 Large Gastritis Cystica Polyposa Treated with EMR Polypectomy in Patient without History of Gastric Surgery , Seyed Reza Fatemi, Behzad Hatami, Naghmeh Salarieh, Azam Farahani, Seyed Ali Fatemi, Sam Ali Zadeh2 and Mahsa Molaei Gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gastric remnant that usually develops after partial gastrectomy. It is defined by the presence of polyps on anastomotic gastric junction mucosa, at histopathological examination, by the presence of mucosal and submucosal cysts with foveolar hyperplasia. The disease is characterized by the frequency of gastro-intestinal bleeding and possibility of carcinomatous association. The endoscopic examination of a 51-year-old female without history of gastric surgery revealed a protruding lesion in the greater curvature of the middle third area of stomach. The lesion was 25 mm in size. Polypectomy was performed with snare base method and submucosal stalk injection, with endoscopic impression of hyperplastic polyp, without any complications. Histopathological findings were consistent within gastritis cystic polyposa (GCP).
119 Foetal Organ Implantation into Adult Animals: A Model for In Vivo Culture of stem cells? , Coulic Véry, Novikov VN1, Mboti F and Delrée P Background: Presently stem cell implantations are more and more developed and applied in clinics as alternative and complementary solutions to adult organ transplantation because of the growing demand and capacities to provide these interventions, while lack of donors is patent. But some limitations of stem cell use remain (for instance integration within the recipient organism of engineered tissues and organoids obtained in vitro from stem cells). The use of foetal organ implantation into adult animals may be an alternative for in vivo study of stem cell development and evaluation of the host participation to this process. The objectives of this work were o try different foetal organ implantations into adult animals (part I) and to evaluate their use for repairing experimental lesions of some adult organs (part II). Material and Methods: Part I: In > 650 experiments on rats and mice, different sites of foetal organ syngeneic implantation were proposed. Physiological (electric activity, motor and secretion activity) and morphological (per illumination, ultrasound and magnetic imaging, optic and electron microscopy) methods were used for implant development evaluation during up to 12 months. Part II: Foetal heart and foetal digestive organs were tested for both oesophagus circular defect and heart thermic lesion repair (38 and 29 rats). Trials with foetal pancreas implantation were provided in rats with diabetes induced by Streptozotocin and/or protein deficit and in a small pilot group of diabetic patients. Result: Part I: After a “dedifferentiation” phase, foetal organ implants could grow following ontogenetic pattern but - at least in our experimental conditions - some of them were not able to re-organize as a whole functional adult organ. The factors enhancing or limiting the organoid formation are considered. Part II: Foetal heart implants were proved to enhance heart lesion morphological and functional repair. Foetal oesophagus, stomach or intestine fragments combined with chitosan flaps ensured a complete restoration of the oesophagus wall after oval or segmental resection. Implantation of foetal pancreas was able to reverse Streptozotocin induced diabetes and to prevent chronic glucose disorders following protein deprivation in rats. In patients temporary positive influence was noted. Conclusion: Implantation of different foetal organs into syngeneic adults may constitute a valuable model for theoretical studies of in vivo stem cell differentiation and organoid growth. The ear implantation site deserves special attention. Some interesting applications are possible and worthwhile to be discussed and developed.
120 Being Vegetarian: A Boon for Good Health , Surya Kant, Priyanka Jain and Nandini Dikshit It is very correctly said by Albert Einstein that “Nothing will benefit human health and increase chances for survival of life on Earth as much as the evolution vegetarian diet”. Human body is technically the most advanced and complicated machine. Like any other machine it also requires fuel to function. Food that is consumed by humans act as a necessary fuel and provides energy for the body to function in a normal manner. For a machine to function properly it requires right kind of fuel for which it is designed. If you put diesel into a petrol car it will not function properly rather it will give you lot of trouble. Likewise, incorrect food and eating habits can give rise to ailments. The evaluation of the records regarding vegetarianism specifically focused on ancient Indian culture. The perspective of Jainism and Buddhism express that vegetarianism was supported entirely based on the concept of nonviolence against the animals that was a rule for both Jainism as well as Buddhism. As explained in the yogic thought, the concept of Saatvik food [1] mainly defines the responsibility of the food to purify the human mind and maintain the calmness that increases the body potential and maintain the health factor of the human body. Satvik foods mainly involve ingredients that are cultivated within the country and mainly constitute vegetarian food. The vegetarian food chart mainly involves heterogeneous composition that includes certain individual restrictions and certain biased practises as it imposes complete exclusion of all forms of foods that are extracted from animals. The particular diet has the characteristics of a healthy eating habit that include regular consumption of legumes, fruits and vegetables that includes nuts and grains, each of which are independently associated with positive health outcomes. Though specific diet patterns influence the control of chronic diseases such as the regular consumption of vegetarian food helps in reducing their saturation of blood level which includes a controlled level of cholesterol and blood rich in fibre, nutrients including ascorbic acid and manganese and copper. However, the consumption of vegetarian food can generate suboptimal consumption of specific nutrients that need to be taken into account while using the supplement. Additionally, there are non-dietary factors that contribute to the consumption of vegetarian food regularly which mainly involves physical activity and avoidance of practices such as alcohol consumption.
121 Blood Oxygen Saturation and Pulse Rate Comparatives Measures with Wrist Smartwatch and Oximeter Monitoring , José Luis Mosso Vázquez Goal: We present 145 comparative statistical measures monitoring blood oxygen saturation BOS and pulse rate PR, monitoring with wrist smartwatch and oximeter in 145 randomized surgical outpatients 16 months after Mexican pandemic started. Method: We set up wrist smartwatch on the right wrist and oximeter in the right index to monitoring PR and BOS in 145 randomized patients during examination in a tertiary Hospital at the Mexican Social Security in Mexico City. Results: Remarkable results show a great difference between blood oxygen saturation measured by wrist smartwatch and oximeter because oximeter measured with large rank and smartwatch a short rank demonstrated with standard deviation and line regression in statistical analysis. Conclusion: Internet of Medical Things is a potential technology in hospitals, homes and much more in global pandemic. With our results we demonstrate a great different result among two wearable devices. Physicians most choose the best brand carefully to make the best medical decision for patients.
122 Beyond the Bowel: Granulomatous Renal Pseudotumor in Crohn’s Disease. Is it Possibly an Extra-Intestinal Manifestation? , Siew Yi Ching and Gim Hin Ho Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Renal EIMs are uncommon. Even more rare are granulomatous renal pseudotumors in IBD patients. We report a possible case of renal EIM presenting as a granulomatous renal mass in a patient with Crohn’s disease.
123 What Flexner Report did to Our Medicine After 100 Years of Implantation? , Huang Wei Ling Recently, the author is felling that we are starting a new phase of medicine due to her research in Brazil, that she concluded that the energy patterns of our patients have changed to less energy standard. In the article written by the author (2021) entitled Is the Population in the World the Same as in the Past? she is explaining the reasons that our population is changing the energy pattern and becoming all classified as immunosuppressed and not immunocompetent as she showed in the article Are We Vaccinating Immunocompetent or Immunocompromised People for COVID 19?
124 Hepatitis B Sero-Conversion Rates among HIV Positive Children Immunized with Pentavalent Vaccine in Bamenda Health District, Cameroon , Lem Edith Abongwa, Forwang Lisette Nkengbeza, Clauvis Yengo, Signang Alberic and Mabeyonga Berenice Fokong Background/Aims: Immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alters the pathogenesis of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection thereby increasing HBV prevalence. Globally, HIV and HBV remain major public health concerns. Immunization is an effective method of preventing childhood infection. This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the pentavalent vaccine in the prevention of HBV transmission in HIV-positive children. Methods: Children who gave their assent with the consent of their parents/guardians were recruited into the study. Socio-demographic information was collected using a close-ended questionnaire. Serum samples were used to test for serological markers of HBV. One hundred and fifty-six children were enrolled between March and July 2020. Data analyses were done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The age range of the participants were 0.8 months to 15 years with a mean ± standard deviation of 9.6 ± 3.8 years. The prevalence of HBV among the study participants was 2 (1.3%), and it was insignificantly (p = 0.25) higher in females (2.1% vs 0.0%) compared to their male counterparts. As concerns age group, <6years recorded the lowest prevalence 0 (0.0%) and this was insignificant (P = 0.88). HBV prevalence was highly significant (p = 0.001) among children whose parents/guardians were positive 2 (15.4%) for HBV Conclusion: The use of the pentavalent vaccine is effective in preventing HBV and all babies born to HBV-positive pregnant women should be followed up to ensure that they receive the monovalent vaccine at birth and 4 weeks after birth alongside all the required vaccines.
125 Reversal of Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis - A Prospective Observational Study , Venkatesh Kasi Arunachalam*, Thambidurai Sadasivam, Rupa Renganathan, Gopinath Periaswamy, Haleema Sherene, Rajesh S, Rajesh Kumar Varatharajaperumal and Sriman Rajasekaran Purpose of the Study: Fatty liver is a reversible condition characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides within the hepatocytes. The prime way to reverse the fatty liver includes abstinence from alcohol, dietary modifications, and regular exercise. Our study aimed to assess the reversal of alcoholic fatty liver in patients with acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: One hundred five patients with acute pancreatitis were included in our study. The liver attenuation index was calculated in a plain scan, and fatty infiltration was quantified. All the patients with fatty infiltration were divided into an alcoholic and non-alcoholic subgroup. The LAI was calculated in the follow-up CT scan in these patients with fatty infiltration, and reversal of fatty liver was calculated along with the time. Results: Among 105 patients with acute pancreatitis, 32 had fatty liver. In these 32 patients, alcohol was the cause of acute pancreatitis in 18 patients. Follow up CT scan was done in 40 % of the patients with fatty infiltration. Out of 10 patients with fatty infiltration in an alcoholic subgroup, eight patients showed reversal of fatty liver in 4 days to 16 weeks, and all these patients were abstinent from alcohol from the time of admission. Conclusion: Abstinence from alcohol is the mainstay in the reversal of alcoholic fatty liver, and it will take at least four weeks for the complete reversal of the alcoholic fatty liver disease.
126 The Mused Entrails-Gastroenterology and Hepatic Disease , Anubha Bajaj Gastroenterology is a division illustrating the disorders of gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system. Gastrointestinal tract extends from oral aperture to the anus along with an interconnecting alimentary tract which may be incriminated by several congenital or acquired disorders. For cogent diagnosis and treatment, the speciality entails the performance of several diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or tissue sampling from hepatic parenchyma
127 Terlipressin Induced Reversible Valvular Dysfunction in a Cirrhotic Patient for Living Donor Liver Transplant: Case Report , Manoj Gupta and K R Vasudevan Terlipressin, a vasopressin analogue, has known cardiac side effects e.g. arrhythmias, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, non ST elevation myocardial infarction. However, to the best of our knowledge reversible valvular insufficiency with pulmonary hypertension with terlipressin has never been described in the literature in cirrhotics. As in the present case it was reversible therefore definitive treatment i.e. liver transplantation should not be deferred in this subgroup of patients.
128 Importance of Nutritional Evaluation in Transplant Patients Awaiting Lung Transplantation , Sevan Çetin Özbek and Fatma Perim Türker Nutritional status of lung transplant candidates is important both before and after transplant. Early assessment of nutritional status is necessary to identify individuals with malnutrition/at risk of malnutrition and to prevent complications, manage the catabolic process and provide optimal nutrition. In this article, it is aimed to draw attention to the importance of nutritional evaluation before lung transplantation. By reason of today, there is still a need to increase malnutrition awareness, prevent malnutrition and spread interdisciplinary work all over the world. Malnutrition and obesity, considered, a malnutrition, have negative consequences for the patient, health professionals and the economy. These are encountered with deterioration of organ systems, increase in hospital stay-cost-re-admission, in morbidity and mortality. For this reason, determining the nutritional problems of the patients from the first admission to the hospital is the key point in predicting the problem from the beginning and producing a solution accordingly. In particular, the nutritional status of lung transplant candidates affects short and long-term factors such as post-transplant complications, length of hospital stay and mortality, post-discharge care and re-admission to the hospital.
129 CRISPR Genome Editing: A Boon to Medical Science , Hemshankar Laugi CRISPR, an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is one of the major discoveries in the field of medical science. It is a type of bacterial adaptive immunity used to fight against bacteriophages. It is a type of memory. Whenever a virus attacks a bacterium for the first time, it creates a memory which is used to fight with that virus if it attacks the second time. In this system, small guide RNAs (crRNAs) are employed for sequence-specific interference with invading nucleic acids. CRISPR-Cas comprises a genomic locus called CRISPR that has short repetitive elements (repeats) separated by unique sequences (spacers), which can originate from mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as bacteriophages, transposons, or plasmids
130 Chronic Diarrhoea: Scenario in Indian Vis-à-Vis Western Children , Suraj Gupte Background: Chronic diarrhoea, defined as diarrhoea of 2 weeks or more duration, is a common problem in Indian children. Until recently, this remained ambiguous if the approach to its diagnostic evaluation and management warranted to be the same as followed in the western countries. Objective: To focus on the current etiologic profile of chronic diarrhoea in childhood in India and highlight the major differences between the profile encountered in Western children. Design: The review is based on author’s extensive experience in chronic diarrhoea in children in India spread over the past four decades and the information available in the English medical literature. Salient Features: Aetiology of chronic diarrhoea in resource-limited settings is exhaustive. Nonetheless, only a few conditions such as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA), intestinal parasitosis (giardiasis, ancylostomiasis), and excessive consumption of soft drinks monopolise the situation. Coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis do occur but less frequently. This picture sharply contrasts with the pattern dominated by celiac disease, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease in the Western children. Conclusion: A good idea about the pattern of aetiology of chronic diarrhoea in different regions together with an individualised approach and an adequate follow-up is likely to resolve a large majority of the diagnostic problems in chronic diarrhoea in paediatric practice. Treatment depends on the aetiological condition. With the evolving socioeconomic and living conditions, futuristic changes in the aetiological pattern in India are expected in future. As the nutritional status improves and gut parasitic infestations get controlled, the pattern may slowly move towards the one that is seen in the western countries.
131 Nutrition Therapy a Cardinal and Unmapped Aspect in Liver Transplantation: A Review , Neha Bakshi and Kalyani Singh Managing nutrition status is challenging among Liver transplant patients. Symptoms of liver failure like ascites and low albumin levels represent demo in nutrition status assessment. Despite this, malnutrition is prevalent in more than 80% of pre-LT patients. Malnutrition has been associated with poor surgical outcomes; therefore, the need for aggressive nutrition therapy before and after the liver transplant is crucial. Hence, this review aims to accentuate the need for nutrition interventions to devise a nutrition therapy plan in all the phases of Liver transplant.
132 Clinical Burden Related to Surgically Placed Feeding Enterostomy. A Single Center Study , Muhammad Shadab Khan, Syeda Sarah Batool, Shah Muhammad, Jahangir Farman Ali, Haider Mendhi and Abdaal Waseem Khan Objective: To determine the incidence and severity of postoperative complications following surgically placed feeding enterostomy. Introduction: Enteral nutrition is more advantageous compare to other forms of nutritional supplements. Enteral feeding tube placement is a relatively common general surgery procedure but there has been little standardization in their surgical technique and postoperative care. The aim of this study is to review indications, complications, and clinical burdens related to feeding tube placement and its long-term use. Materials and Methods: Head and neck and upper gastrointestinal cancer patients presented in Sindh institute of urology and transplantation’s Oncology center from November 2017 till October 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Details reviewed from patient’s files at the time of initial admission and subsequent follow ups during study period. All data was collected as per Proforma requirement in retrospective manner while maintaining strict confidentiality protocol according to institutional Ethical review board protocol. Collected data was analyzed for results using SPSS version 23.0. Results: During this study period, a total of 116 patients underwent feeding enterostomies in our institute. Male patients were 51.7% and mean BMI was 17.86 ± 2.43. The mean age at the time of surgery was 44.22 ± 14.02 years. Out of total 63 patients (54.3%) develop complications. According to Clavein dindo classification 28.4% minor while 25.8% major complications were noted. Subgroup analysis showed that complications were more common in the feeding jejunostomy group with a statistically significant P-value. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical burden and complications related with feeding tubes will help in minimizing associated morbidity and mortality. Feeding gastrostomy because of low clinical burden and complications should be preferred over feeding jejunostomy where possible.
133 Molecular Crosstalk amongst Anti-Orexigenic Ghrelin and Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated , Akanksha Singh Ghrelin has proved to be a crucial mediator in stimulation of obesity. It elevates appetite by eliminating the action of GHS-R1a of neurological NPY/AgRP thus enhancing orexigenic activity. Such negative effects had been neutralized by the production of auto-ghrelin antibodies which are self-catalytic neutralizing the obese conditions by directly targeting AMPK active site which is known to stimulate appetite. Suppression of AMPK thus playing a central role might stimulate the activation of GHS-R1a thus leading to controlled release of ghrelin hormone. In this study, when mice were fed with high calorie diet exposed to the anti- ghrelin antibodies prepared by ELISA technique, after few hours, anti- ghrelin showed maximum activity thus decreasing ghrelin levels originally present. The study mainly focusses on the determining the interaction occurring between obese mediated ghrelin molecule and AMPK.
134 The Remodeled Ossein-Fibrous Dysplasia , Anubha Bajaj Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion demonstrating intramedullary fibro-osseous proliferation occurring on account of modified osteogenesis. Fibrous dysplasia was initially scripted by Lichtenstein and Jaffe in 1942 and chronicled as “Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome” [1]. Fibrous dysplasia was also designated as osteitis fibrosa or generalized fibrocystic disease of bone. Fibrous dysplasia can incriminate a singular bone, denominated as monostotic fibrous dysplasia or multiple bones, termed as polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.
135 Do Statins Therapy Included as Rationale Treatment and Management for Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Case Report , Clement Kabakama, Abdul Rafey Usmani and Zahra D Khan Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is an autoimmune response to group A-streptococcus infections of the upper respiratory tract which may result in carditis or inflammation of the mitral and aortic valves if left untreated. Rheumatic Heart Disease causes an acute generalized inflammatory response and an illness that affects certainly parts of the body mainly Heart, Joints, Brain and skin, Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease are often severally unwell and they are in great pain and require Hospitalisation. Despite of that it has been postulated streptococcal infection seems to play an important role for clinical presentation shows a streptococcal pharyngitis but streptococcal cellulitis has never been implicated, common feature is a painful migratory arthritis which is present in approximately 80% of patients. There is a link with class-I human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) which has been found. However, evidence which exists suggests that elevated immune complex levels in blood samples from patients with RHD are associated with HLA-B5. Recently it has been estimated that 33.4 million people worldwide have rheumatic heart disease and that 300,000 - 500,000 new cases of rheumatic fever occur annually, with 230,000 deaths resulting from its complications at the same Time at the same time, The World Heart Federation non-communicable disease action plan, developed for the World Health Assembly in 2013, called for a 25% reduction in premature mortality from RHD by the year 2025. This case report discusses about management and prevention of further complications due to rheumatic heart disease.
136 Assessing the Knowledge and Practice of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Wash) among Female College Students , Deevena Jemima, Neelam Kumari, Nandini Dikshit and Surya Kant It is very rightly said that abode of a health mind is always a healthy body. To maintain good health the most basic requirement however is to have a clean and safe environment. In spite of the widespread use of water purifiers and filtration devices majority people do not have access to clean water for drinking, cleaning and washing. School and college going students mostly have improper eating habits and mostly do not practice proper sanitization. Therefore, they are most prone to infections and if we inculcate the habits of properly washing, sanitization and use of clean and safe water in this age group it will lead to the development of healthier youth population. Clean and safe environment is therefore every child’s birth right. Children who follow good hygiene practices have a healthy life and subsequently develop a robust constitution. WASH stands for universal access to water, sanitation and hygiene which is programme initiated by UNICEF that has a profound socio-economic impact. After the COVID pandemic struck a lot of awareness was propagated regarding the importance of hand hygiene, despite that three billion people worldwide, that includes millions of school-going children, have no access to hand washing facilities with soap water. The most vulnerable and affected are those living in rural areas, urban slums, disaster-prone areas and belonging to low socio income countries. This awareness is of utmost importance in COVID era since COVID infection spreads in three different ways, by contaminated person, by contaminated air and by contaminated objects. To curtail the spread of infection spread by contaminated objects it is very essential to practice proper sanitization and hand hygiene. Water, sanitation and hygiene practices play an important role in the prevention and transmission of many communicable diseases. In the wake of COVID-19 it is important that these practices be maintained along with proper food safety and sanitation procedures to prevent the spread of illness. Water is the main cause of various communicable diseases. There are 4 types of water related diseases namely, water borne, water washed, water based and water related vector borne. Water related diseases are those diseases that spread by contaminated water like typhoid, water watershed diseases are those diseases that are spread by not following proper sanitization and hygiene like worm infestation, water based diseases are those that propagate by pathogens based in water like schistosomiasis whereas vector borne diseases like dengue are cultivated near dirty and unsterile water bodies. By following proper methods of sanitisation and keeping self as well as the surroundings clean a good number of these diseases can be nipped in the bud. Provision of clean water for drinking and bathing will not solely prevent infection if proper sanitization techniques are not followed. Therefore, importance of washing and staying clean is of utmost importance for a healthy living. Hygiene and sanitation is specifically important for girls because they are highly susceptible to catch infections such as urinary tract infection and other genital infections. If women follow proper hygiene and they are provided safe access to clean water infections and death amongst infants and mothers will come down by one fourth of their actual number. Females who are mostly involved in cleaning and sanitization of their houses should specifically be made more aware of these practices in order to have a healthy family life. Therefore, this study in young college going females is a means to gauge the quality of basic awareness of hygiene practices in the community.
137 Anal Sphincter Repair for Fecal Incontinence. Experience from a Secondary Care Center , Torres Carlos, Gil Dina, Torres Douglas and Salinas Pedro Background: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a chronic and debilitating condition that carries a significant health, economic, and social burden. This disease is characterized by the frequency of episodes and the consistency of the feces. The aim of this study was to review our experience with overlapping sphincteroplasty to assess its efficacy on the surgical treatment of fecal incontinence. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted for all patients who underwent overlapping sphincteroplasty in our institution from April 2007 to May 2017, for Fecal Incontinence with defects sphincter, at the Hospital Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz. All patients had evidence of a sphincter defect during physical examination, which was confirmed by Endoanal Ultrasound. Follow-up data were gathered from outpatient clinic visits and were obtained last office visit. The patients with fecal incontinence were asked Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence score (CCFFISW) Wexner score was registered preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively were collected. Results: We performed twenty one overlapping sphincteroplasty for patients with fecal incontinence during a study period of ten years. Patients mean age was 56.95 years ± 14.95, range (25 - 78). The etiologies were 11 patient’s Obstetric injury (52.38%), Diabetes Mellitus six patients (28.57%), anorectal surgery 3 patients (14.28%) and one patient who had traumatic rectal impalement (4.76%). The mean of CCFFIS Score Wexner decreased from 19.19 (range 17 - 20) to 9 (range 5 -18) after sphincteroplasty, with improved quality of lifestyle 12 months after procedure, even young patients affirmed to have sexual function improved. The median follow-up time was 12 (range 6 - 24, ± 14.38) months. Postoperative wound dehiscence partial was the most common complications after sphincteroplasty in 15 patients (71.42%). Only one patient went another hospital and undergone to terminal colostomy. One patient failed sphincteroplasty, and after one year had undergone a repeat. Conclusion: The overlapping sphincteroplasty is an effective treatment of choice for fecal incontinent patients with defects sphincter. This procedure still has a positive role to play in the management of fecal incontinence and has low costs when are compare with another surgical procedure for fecal incontinence.
138 Gluten and Autism: A Common Leak? , Nada Boutrid, Mounira Amrane and Hakim Rahmoune In 1825, the French Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin wrote, in Physiologie du Goût, ou Méditations de Gastronomie Transcen- dante: «Tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you are» [Dis- moi ce que tu manges, je te dirai ce que tu es.] [1]. There is mounting evidence unmasking the origins of the pecu- liar association between celiac disease (CD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in adult as well as in pediatric populations [2]. Actually, we should highlight the shared pathophysiological role of the digestive microbiota and the intestinal hyperperme- ability in these two conditions.
139 Analysis of Variceal Bleeding Recurrence Rate After Various Interventions in Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension , Ismailov SI, Devyatov AV, Babadjanov A Kh, Tuksanov AI and Boyko EV Purpose: To conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence rate and period of gastric and esophageal varices bleeding recurrence associated with extrahepatic portal hypertension after different interventions. Materials and Methods: The study included 131 patients with various forms of extrahepatic portal hypertension; who underwent operative therapy of extrahepatic portal hypertension in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after academic V. Vakhidov (RSSPMCS) for the period from 2006 to 2020. Most patients were adolescents (41.2%) and young age (45.0%). Total gastroesophageal basin disconnection was performed in 57 (43.5%) patients, portosystemic shunting - in 51 (38.9%) patients, and endoscopic interventions - in 23 (17.6%). Results: The comparative incidence rate of bleeding recurrence showed that the most effective intervention is portosystemic shunting. Significantly low efficiency is observed after endoscopic interventions, in which the incidence of hemorrhagic syndrome is 65.2% on average after 13.5 ± 2.9 months. While after a total disconnection of the gastroesophageal collector, a relapse-free course was noted in 35.1% (p = 0.014) of cases lasting 25.9 ± 4.4 months (p < 0.05), which in terms of timing did not differ significantly from relapses after portosystemic shunting - 41.4 ± 8.2 months, but significantly lower in the occurrence of variceal bleeding during decompression operations - 17.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The most effective surgical intervention is portosystemic shunting with a bleeding recurrence freedom rate in 82.4% (p = 0.014) of patients. The most long-term recurrence period is within 41.4 months (p < 0.05), and with a 5-year persistent remission in 75.0% of patients. After disconnection operations, bleeding recurrence was noted in 35.1% of patients; the recurrence period averaged 19.6 months.
140 In a Wonderful and Furious World , Boris I Yaremin Without a doubt, we live at a time when the importance of medical science has increased many times over, and even people far from science have involuntarily joined its mysteries. Medicine has become newsmaker number 1 again. But medical science itself is changing. New pathogenetic mechanisms, points of drug use, issues of forecasting and analysis of big data - these issues have received a qualitatively new impetus. Any war is an absolute evil, but we remember what a powerful impetus was given to science and industry by the Second World War.
141 How Can We Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Without Doing Surgery? , Huang Wei Ling The author decided to write this article, in solidarity with one specific patient who had a complication after a gastroesophageal reflux surgery. This patient performed the surgery by video laparoscopy and had a bowel perforation without having been suspected by the surgeon at the time of the surgery. According to Hippocrates, father of medicine, in one of his quotes said, “I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon’s knife or chemist’s drugs” [1].
142 Physiological Bases of Hypertension , Lebedeva VD*, Pastukhova OA and Sokolov DE Many different theories of the pathogenesis of hypertension have been created, but the true mechanism of its course remains unclear to this day. The article discusses the concept of hypertension as a neurosis of the higher autonomic centers, which is transformed into a metabolic syndrome. The processes occurring during hypertension in the body are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Inhibition of the noradrenergic system and a decreased level of noradrenaline in the blood are associated with an increase in blood pressure and lead to the activation of the cholinergic system. This activation causes impaired blood flow and damage to the vascular endothelium, which contributes to arterial hypertension.
143 Future Perspective of Nutrition in Gastro Intestinal Disease , Neha Bakshi Nutrition Therapy is imperative in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders irrespective of the causative factors. However, we need enormous efforts in the research area to find out solutions to the nutrition challenges faced during the treatment of GIT disorders. Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a public health concern globally, the worldwide prevalence of NAFLD is 25% [1]. Lifestyle modification by managing diets to correct obesity/overweight has scientifically shown improvement histologically and can be proven beneficial beyond the drug therapy for high risk NASH patients [2]. It is recommended to develop strategies at the community level for both preventive and curative interventions to combat the predictive higher prevalence of cirrhosis from NASH in next 20 years [3].
144 Eosinophilic Esophagitis , Aimun Raees and Wasim Jafri Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a long-standing, relapsing immune-mediated esophageal disorder, facilitated by atopy, resulting in dysphagia and esophageal strictures. The prevalence has been leaping in the last few decades consistent with the enhanced understanding of the disease. It occurs in people from all ages but children and young males are especially affected. A wide spectrum of factors has been associated with it, including genetic and environmental risk factors. In atopic individuals, interaction of allergens with the esophageal epithelium generates a T-helper cells type2 driven immune response, which leads to the activation of inflammatory cytokines which in turn induce various genes causing formation and recruitment of eosinophils as well as mast cells setting in a chronic inflammatory process. Diagnosis is made on typical clinical, endoscopic and histological factors. Therapeutic modalities range from dietary restriction to corticosteroid therapy. Endoscopic intervention may be needed for patients presenting with esophageal strictures. Recently, biological agents have also been under trials for its treatment but there is no FDA approved drug therapy available as yet. It is a relatively new disorder that is constantly under evolution in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic fields.
145 Gastric Cancer, Linitis Plastica. EUS FNA Core Biopsy Technique as a Fast and Valuable Diagnostic Method Comparable to FNB , Seyed Reza Fatemi, Behzad Hatami, Naghmeh Salarieh, Azam Farahani, Seyed Ali Fatemi, Shahram Ebadi and Pardis Ketabi Moghadam A fifty-year-old man was referred with progressive abdominal pain accompanying with anorexia and weight loss. Upper endoscopy was considered as a helpful procedure for the patient. Upper endoscopy revealed increased mucosal fold thickness due to decreased expansion in body and fundus with multiple erosions, in favor of mural infiltration compatible with diffuse type of gastric cancer, multiple standard biopsies were taken but pathology was reported negative. Abdominal CT-SCAN was done and it was highly suspicious of malignancy, so bite on bite biopsies were performed again. Pathology report was negative for the second time. Eventually, EUS-FNA was done, full thickness of all layers of stomach with multiple lymph nodes were noticed in EUS. With 22 G needle, FNA with slow-pull and multiple pass technique was performed to obtain many and sufficient core samples for cellblock cytology was taken. Pathology report was adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells.as a result, EUS-FNA was an accurate procedure for diagnosing gastric cancer.
146 Therapeutic Pathomorphosis After Thermochemoradiotherapy of the Rectal Cancer , S Yu Ignatenkov, I Yu Kudryavtsev, KA Kuzminykh, OA Skugareva and EA Dobrosotskaya Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown the high efficiency and impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on the number of sphincter-preserving surgeries, and local regional control. The article provides a review of the oncological literature in Russia devoted to the efficacy and safety of preoperative chemoradiation therapy against the background of hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced stage II-IV rectal cancer. In addition, the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis in 59 patients of the Kaluga oncology clinic is considered, among whom 35 patients received radiosensitization only with chemotherapy and 24 patients additionally underwent local hyperthermia. The thermal radiation component use in combined treatment allows achieving an increase in the number of medical pathomorphosis of the III-IV degree.
147 Strategies to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in Moderate-Risk Population: A Systematic Review , Iure Kalinine F Souza MD PhD, Luiza A Diniz, Érico Henrique A de Morais, Raquel M Carvalho, Rayane Elen F Silva, Camila G Mendes MSc and Eduardo Angelo Braga MD PhD Evidence from randomized intervention studies indicates that colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective in reducing mortality. Thus, this systematic review is aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the success of strategies that increased the adherence to CRC screening tests by medium-risk patients. We grouped each strategy in clusters according to its interventions. Two articles addressing screening by recommendation/education of medical professionals presented an increase of 12.4% and 2.2 times more chance of patients completing screening tests; three resorted to recommendation/education of non-medical health professionals or assistant researchers, in which compliance went from 1% to 29% and 1.6 times more chance of following it through; four used recommendation/education of trained members of the community, in which there were an increase from 6.6% to 26.4%; two provided free FOBT kits available at post offices and pharmacies, in which the increase was of 29.8% to 30%; one sent pamphlets/invitations by mail or inviting patients by phone, in which growth varied from 1.1% to 13.7%; three educated the population via multimedia, which increased the rate to 14% or 15%; five used a mix of interventions, resulting in a growth from 1.7% to 76.9%. The rate increase in adherence to CRC screening tests relates to the guidance provided by a trained multidisciplinary team. Also, the patient-centered clinical method attends to the patient's singularities and thereby uses the best screening methodology based on updated scientific evidence for each population. Moreover, sending personalized newsletters and strengthening contact with patients via phone call/multimedia also increase success chances.
148 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Approaches in the Development of Obstetric Complications in the Pregnant Women with Overweight , Lina Bahniy, Svitlana Heryak and Nataliya Bahniy Among the pathological conditions that are factors threatening the course of pregnancy, a special place is occupied by disorders of lipid metabolism. According to the WHO, 90% of overweight women develop early manifestations of hepatic steatosis at the age of 20 - 25, which leads to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis over the next five years of life. Therefore, overweight women are at risk for the development of obstetric and perinatal complications, in the genesis of which a significant role is given to metabolic disorders in the liver. The rationale for the planned study is the fact that the category of pregnant women with impaired lipid metabolism is progressively increasing. A significant number of studies have been devoted to this issue in pregnant women in accordance with disorders of lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and their complications associated with arterial hypertension, and so on. However, the authors did not pay attention to the role of the liver in lipid metabolism and the risk of developing steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis at a young age, which may worsen the course of pregnancy and childbirth. At the same time in the special literature there are no works, in which the pathogenetic mechanisms of functional disorders of the liver in women with impaired lipid metabolism and features of pregnancy and childbirth in this pathology have been studied.
149 Peculiarities of Myocardial Remodeling in Young Obsessive Women with Arterial Hypertension , EG Mutalova, LI Galikhanova and EG Jamlikhina Background/Aims: Overweight and obesity play a significant role in the development of many noncommunicable diseases, leading to a reduction in life expectancy and adversely affecting its quality. A number of studies have proven a close relationship between high blood pressure and abdominal obesity. In adult patients, it has been proven that obesity leads to an increase in the mass of the left ventricular myocardium, impaired myocardial function, which are significant predictors of unfavorable outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate left ventricular (LV) structural changes in overweight and obese young women with arterial hypertension (AH). Design and Methods: In the study, according to inclusion criteria, 108 young women of 18 - 45 years old were included. Three groups were identified: the women with obesity without AH, the women with obesity and 1st degree of AH, the women with obesity and 2nd degree of AH. All patients underwent anthropometry (height and weight) with calculation of body mass index (BMI), echocardiography was performed according to a standard procedure with calculation of LV structural indexes. The LV geometry phenotypes were determined. Results: Echocardiography LV dimensions (posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness, diastolic and systolic LV diameter), as well as LVM and LVMI were higher in obese women compared to control group. LV hyper-trophy (LVH) developed in 61,9% obese patients without AH and in 76,4% and 78,1% patients with obesity and AH. Normal LV geometry was found in 23,8% patients with obesity, concentric remodeling - in 14,3% cases, 35,7% patients had concentric LVH, and 26,2% - eccentric LVH. In obese patients with 1st degree of AH the distribution of various types of LV remodeling was as follows: 17,6%/6%/52,9%/23,5%, respectively, and in obese patients with 2nd degree of AH - 12,5%/9,4%/53,1%/25%, respectively. Conclusion: Since young age overweight and obesity are risk factors for LVH and the development of various LV geometry phenotypes. Markers of myocardial remodeling is an affordable way of early cardiovascular risk stratification in overweight and obese young women.
150 Mobile Computing Devices for Laparoscopic Training Education. Comparative Millennial and Z Generation Experience , José Luis Mosso Vázquez, Paula Loyola Nieto, Eduardo Brenner Muslera and Renata Moreno Cordero Purpose: To conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence rate and period of gastric and esophageal varices bleeding recurrence associated with extrahepatic portal hypertension after different interventions. Materials and Methods: The study included 131 patients with various forms of extrahepatic portal hypertension; who underwent operative therapy of extrahepatic portal hypertension in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after academic V. Vakhidov (RSSPMCS) for the period from 2006 to 2020. Most patients were adolescents (41.2%) and young age (45.0%). Total gastroesophageal basin disconnection was performed in 57 (43.5%) patients, portosystemic shunting - in 51 (38.9%) patients, and endoscopic interventions - in 23 (17.6%). Results: The comparative incidence rate of bleeding recurrence showed that the most effective intervention is portosystemic shunting. Significantly low efficiency is observed after endoscopic interventions, in which the incidence of hemorrhagic syndrome is 65.2% on average after 13.5 ± 2.9 months. While after a total disconnection of the gastroesophageal collector, a relapse-free course was noted in 35.1% (p = 0.014) of cases lasting 25.9 ± 4.4 months (p < 0.05), which in terms of timing did not differ significantly from relapses after portosystemic shunting - 41.4 ± 8.2 months, but significantly lower in the occurrence of variceal bleeding during decompression operations - 17.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The most effective surgical intervention is portosystemic shunting with a bleeding recurrence freedom rate in 82.4% (p = 0.014) of patients. The most long-term recurrence period is within 41.4 months (p < 0.05), and with a 5-year persistent remission in 75.0% of patients. After disconnection operations, bleeding recurrence was noted in 35.1% of patients; the recurrence period averaged 19.6 months.
151 Clinical Case of Severe Bilateral Associated Pneumonia with Sars-Cov-2 Viral Infection , Boryshevska-Lohin Olena A, Ahii Vladyslava I, Peresta Yurii Yu, Akar Stanislav Y, Lohoida Olha L and Hanbarov Nikita P Coronavirus infection spreads rapidly and is transmitted from person to person by airborne and contact-household means. A positive PCR test for Sars-Cov-2 is required for a definitive diagnosis. However, MSCT is a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing coronavirus lung disease as the most common manifestation of infection. In addition, in patients at high risk for Covid-19, signs of viral pneumonia in pulmonary MSCT may precede negative PCR results. on their own experience and observations in the diagnosis of severe respiratory syndrome Sars-Cov-2 draw attention to the need to perform MSCT of the chest in patients at high risk and clinical manifestations of Covid-19 associated pneumonia, despite the initial negative results of PCR tests.
152 Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer among Young Subjects Aged 30 and Under in Tropical Areas: Retrospective Comparative Study Over Ten Years of Clinical Practice in Cameroon , Ankouane Andoulo, Kowo Mathurin, Atenguena Obalemba Etienne, Ndjitoyap Ndam Antonin William, Bekolo Winnie, Dontsi Donrielle, Eloumou Bagnaka Servais Fiacre Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, colorectal cancer (CRC) affects nearly 39.2% of young people aged 20-45 years. Epidemiological data are scarce. The aim was to describe the clinico-pathological characteristics of CRC in young subjects aged 30 years and under. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study, conducted from January 1 to May 15, 2020, on a collection of data from the records of patients who were under patient care for histologically confirmed CRC in the hepato-gastroenterology, digestive surgery and medical oncology departments of ten hospitals in the cities of Yaounde and Douala-Cameroon, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison: the group comprising subjects aged 30 years and under at the time of diagnosis and the group including subjects aged over 30 years. Results: A total of 153 patients followed for histologically confirmed CRC were included, of which 67 were 30 years old and under (43.8%) and 86 were older than 30 years (56.2%). The average age of those 30 years and under was 25.5 ± 4.2 years (10 - 30 years). Anaemia (65.7% vs. 48.8%; OR: 2.0 [1.0 - 4.1]; p = 0.03), abdominal mass (29.9% vs. 17.4%; OR: 2.0 [0.9 - 4.6]; p = 0.07), and occlusive syndrome (16.4% vs. 7.0%; OR: 2.6 [0.8 - 8.5]; p = 0.06) were more prevalent in the 30 years and under group. The general condition was impaired (WHO stage II to IV) in 92.5% of those 30 years and under (OR: 16.4 [5.6 - 51.7; p < 10-5). Risk factors for CRC were rare in those aged 30 years and under, notably alcoholism (7.5% vs 43.0%; OR: 0.1 [0.0 - 0.3]; p < 10-5) and smoking (3.0% vs 10.5%; OR: 0.3 [0.0 - 1.4]; p = 0.06). The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 8.6 ± 4.4 months for those 30 years and under vs. 9.4 ± 5.2 months (p < 10-5). The left colon was the specific site in those 30 years and under (16.4% vs. 4.7%; OR: 4.0 [1.1 - 16.0]; p = 0.03). Ulcerated adenocarcinoma (86.6%) was more frequent in those aged 30 years and under 43.3% vs. 27.9% (OR: 2.0 [1.0 - 4.1]; p = 0.04). Well- and moderately-differentiated forms were unfrequently found in patients aged 30 years and under (19.4% vs. 34.9%; OR: 0.5 [0.2 - 1.0]; p = 0.03 and 11.9% vs. 38.4%; OR: 0.2 [0.0 - 0.5]; p < 10-5, respectively). TNM stage II was the most common in both groups. Liver and lung metastases were found approximately equally in both groups. Conclusion: CRC in young subjects aged 30 years and under is very common in the tropical areas. Some well-known risk factors do not appear too involved. The alteration of the general state seems to be present at the time of diagnosis. Anaemia, abdominal mass and occlusive syndrome are quite common. The left colon is involved in more than 80% of cases. The adenocarcinoma is ulcerated and of variable differentiation.
153 Lavender (Lavandula latifolia) Explicits High Efficiency in Old Aged Chronic Piles Patient , Bihari L Gupta Lavender (Lavender latifolia) was given to a dying 86 years old woman who had been suffering from piles for the last 45 years with an emerged fistula of more than 6 inches which used to bleed daily. She stopped taking drugs prescribed by physician as they were not performing effects due to resistance to drugs. In such a situation the patient was feeling severe pain in stomach and more bleeding in stools. The alternative treatment was performed by an oral intake of 5 drops of lavender in 5 ml of water three times a day along with a teaspoonful of each of Diegene, Liv-52 (Himalaya) and multiple vitamins syrup. About 18 gms of proteins in the form of Horlicks was also given to the patient. After 10 days of treatments the patient condition became stable resulting in complete stoppage of blood in the stools and also relieved from the stomach pain. It was also observed the patient recognized every person of the family confirming a best function of gut-brain axis which is disturbed by specific overgrowth of bacteria. In conclusion it may be proved that lavender kills the microbes in the gut, relieves from pain and maintains a good homeostasis between gut and brain. It may be a potential alternative in treating piles even in chronic condition.
154 Pancreatic Ascites in a Cirrhotic Patient, a Case Report , Renata Gizani de Moura Leite, Anna Paula Mendanha da Silva Aureliano, Sara Cardoso Paes Rose, Luana Dantas Barbosa and Liliana Sampaio Costa Mendes Pancreatic ascites (PA) is a rare cause of ascites and usually appears as consequence of chronic pancreatitis. It results from an excess of exudative intraperitoneal fluid, rich in amylase and proteins, commonly originated from a pseudocyst or pancreatic duct disruption. Patients typically present mild abdominal pain, hyporexia, and sense of fullness. The diagnosis is characterized by high levels of amylase (above 1000 U/L), proteins (above 3 g/dl) and low serum ascites albumin gradient - SAAG (< 1.1 g/dl) at the ascitic fluid. The objective of this study is to report a case of a cirrhotic patient with the diagnosis of pancreatic ascites and discuss it laboratory and imaging findings, as well the main causes and treatments for this case. PA is a rare entity and either more, when occur in a cirrhotic patient. The management of cirrhotic ascites is different when there is PA. The clinicians should be aware of this possibility.
155 To What Extent is Human Behavior Genetically Determined? , Hemshankar Laugi Research has revealed that almost every human body cells possess the same DNA sequence. Despite this fact, these cells get specialized to perform different functions. Some cells become cardiac cells and others nerve cells, carrying out their distinct functions. This is because the environment affects gene expression [1]. Let’s suppose the twins reside in a different environment. They prepare a same dish. However, they taste it differently depending on the tastiness of individual appetizers, desserts and casseroles, which may be similar. Likewise, only genes can’t determine physical traits like height, blood pressure, etc. The combined interaction of multiple related genes with environment is supposed to determine a particular trait.
156 Should Everyone Eat Gluten-Free? What does the Scientific Data Say? , Emel Öktem Güngör and Sevan Çetin Özbek oday, changing the dietary habits of the individual to a gluten-free diet during the treatment process of Celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy (WA), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), irritable bowel syndrome, autism, and neurological, psychiatric, and rheumatological diseases reduces the symptoms of the diseases. On the other hand, the gluten-free diet is presented as a healthy choice by the popular media. This has led to an increase in gluten-free food alternatives in the market. A long-term gluten-free diet in healthy individuals is associated with problems, such as uncontrolled weight gain, diabetes, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. This review aims to question the effects of a gluten-free diet on health in healthy individuals. While the beneficial effects of gluten in the treatment of some diseases are supported by the literature, there is not enough evidence to support the positive effects of a gluten-free diet in healthy individuals in line with the relevant objective. Raising awareness of the community about the potential risks of adopting a gluten-free diet in individuals who do not have a gluten-related disease is possible through education emphasizing healthy and sustainable nutrition.
157 Surgical Haemorrhoidectomy is Still the Gold Standard Treatment for Prolapsing Hemorrhoids , Omar S Mansour There has been a recent surge in upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases in the last two years, probably secondary to COVID-19 infection and the recent tight social restrictions. Many of these diseases are limited to the anorectal area, specifically anal pain and bleeding secondary to anal fissures and haemorrhoids [1]. Haemorrhoidal disease can be treated conservatively in most cases. Complicated haemorrhoids can present with either prolapse, bleeding or with varying degrees of incontinence. Bleeding haemorrhoids can be treated with ligation or banding of haemorrhoids and ligation of the feeding haemorrhoidal arteries. This relatively new and moderately effective technique does not fully remove the causing pathology, the haemorrhoids. Drs. Milligan and Morgan developed the open hemorrhoidectomy technique in the UK in 1937. This surgical procedure was invented mostly for second, third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. The most common postoperative complication in the postsurgical-hemorrhoidectomy patients is severe throbbing pain. Closed hemorrhoidectomy was developed in the United States by Drs. Ferguson and Heaton in 1952 as a modification of the Milligan-Morgan procedure. The closed technique is similar to the open technique but the wounds are closed with absorbable sutures. A recent meta-analysis showed that the closed technique (Ferguson’s) is superior to the open hemorrhoidectomy operation (Milligan-Morgan) in terms of reducing post-operative complications like bleeding, severe pain. The Ferguson’s technique was also proven to be associated with faster wound healing [2].
158 Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly in the Context of COVID-19. What do we know so? , Carlos Henrique Rodrigues Castro, Caroline Rodrigues Castro, Jackson Santos dos Reis, Ewerton Naves Dias, Claudio Roberto Tavares Pereira, Camila Neto da Silveira and Luiz Ronaldo Alberti Over the last few decades, several authors have demonstrated the relationship of the interaction of the immune system in a pathway called the “gut-brain axis,” with implications both for the local immune response and for the systemic modulation of inflammatory mediators. The hypothesis that the underlying inflammatory disease contributes to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and consequently patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may theoretically be at increased risk of infection and mortality, is still controversial. With the increase in the diagnosis of IBD in patients over 60 years of age, the increased concern in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was evident, as elderly patients have comorbidities that could raise the risk of worsening the progression of the infection and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Thus, a survey of the literature to date was carried out to understand the implications of IBD in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
159 Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome due to Valproic Acid: A Rare Case , Jean Rodrigo Tafarel, Isabela Busto Silva, Isadora Busto Silva, Luiz Augusto Fanhani Cracco, Vanessa Martins Torres and Larissa Uhlmann Wendling Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare acquired condition, described by the progressive loss of intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to ductopenia and cholestasis. It can be associated with adverse drug reactions, cancer, and autoimmune liver diseases. The diagnosis is confirmed when there are less than 50% of the bile ducts on histopathological analysis. The prognosis is variable and it is depends on the etiology of the bile duct injury. We report a case of a 47-year-old man with chronic cholestatic condition associated with the use of valproic acid, in which the investigation confirmed VBDS in the histopathological analysis.
160 Misdiagnosis of Intestinal Tuberculosis as Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review of Parametric Predictive Models , Moussaoui Safa, M Zakhama, M Moussaoui, A Guediche, I Jemni, N Ben Chaabène and L Safer In recent years, the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been increasing worldwide, especially in areas where tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent. Due to similar manifestations, distinguishing between Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is quite challenging. Herein, we report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with recurrent partial bowel obstruction, whose initial diagnostic work-up suggested stenosing Crohn disease 3 years ago. He had been previously treated with mesalazine and corticosteroids. After undergoing surgical treatment, histopathological findings revealed the diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis instead. We combined our case report with parametric predictive models reviewed in the literature to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for our case. We found that using these models could lead to a better differentiation between these two entities.
161 Pembrolizumab in the Treatment of Metastatic Gastric Cancer , Rakhimov R Radmir, AA Izmailov, ON Lipatov, AV Sultanbaev, KV Menshikov, AF Nasretdinov and VA Surovyatkin The incidence of stomach cancer has been declining over the past decade, but unfortunately it is still the fifth most common disease with the third death rate among cancers. Diagnosis of stomach cancer usually occurs at the stage of neglect and incurability (stages III - IV), in the early stages (I - II stages) clear symptoms do not appear. 25% of patients have advanced gastric cancer, the other 25 - 50% progress to metastatic gastric cancer. The prognosis is especially poor for patients who have not responded to 1 line of chemotherapy. In the United States in 2012, 54.5% of patients received second and third lines. Five-year survival rate is 30% among all stages. In recent years, new drugs have emerged in the treatment of stomach cancer that needs to be studied. Pembrolizumab demonstrated efficacy in PD-L1-positive advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer in the first-, second-, and third-line setting in KEYNOTE-062, KEYNOTE-061, and KEYNOTE-059, respectively. In KEYNOTE-062, median follow-up was 11 months, median OS (pembrolizumab vs. chemotherapy) was 17 months versus 11 months (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97), median PFS was 3 months versus 6 months (HR, 1.09, 95% CI; 0.79-1.49), ORR was 25% versus 38%, and median (range) DOR was 19 months (1+ to 34+) versus 7 months (2+ to 30+).
162 Acute Pancreatitis: Review Article , Jesús Velázquez Gutiérrez and Morella Vargas Useche Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas which can compromise other organs and tissues. The diagnosis requires at least 2 of the following characteristics: moderate to severe abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting; biochemical evidence of pancreatitis and/or imaging evidence through dynamic computed tomography (DCT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas. It is the most common acute gastrointestinal disease that requires hospital admission, with a favorable evolution in most cases (80%). However, necrotizing pancreatitis can develop in up to 20% of patients and is associated with significant rates of early organ failure (38%). Metabolic disorders and fasting compromise the nutritional status which could aggravate the course of the disease, therefore the route of administration of nutritional therapy has been shown to have an impact on the evolution of patients. There is now a better definition of which AP patients need aggressive nutritional therapy.
163 Use of Plasmapheresis: Acute Pancreatitis Due to Hypertriglyceridemia: Case Report , Danny Fernado Silva Cevallos, Diana Evangelista Barragan, Mirella Barrera Rivera, Casar Arreaga Perez, Angelica Zarate Zapata and Fernando Silva Michalon Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (PATG) is described as an uncommon cause with an incidence that ranges from 2 to 4% of cases, generates significant morbidity and mortality between 40 per 100,000 inhabitants in a western population [1,2]. There are several pathophysiological mechanisms that explain the appearance of pancreatitis caused by hypertriglyceridemia, one of them is the direct toxic role of free fatty acids on pancreatic tissue and another widely accepted mechanism is chylomicron-mediated vascular obstruction, given the decrease in the gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) [3]. The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) indicates the use of plamapheresis when there is severe pancreatitis, when triglyceride levels exceed more than 2000 mg/dl and when there is no satisfactory response to first-line treatment; the success of the treatment is based on a decrease in triglycerides below 500 mg/dl to achieve the goal of using plasmapheresis [4]. In this case, it was demonstrated that the timely assessment of the patient was essential to make treatment decisions in the appropriate time with a favorable response to it.
164 Clinical Case of a 14-Year-Old Boy with Abdominal Stem-Shaped Twisted Necrotizing Vascular Malformation , Yu Yu Sokolov, SV Stonogin, EE Bibikova, EA Tashirova and Zh R Omarova Lymphatic malformations (LM) are benign neoplasms that form as a result of impaired formation of embryonic lymphatic sacs during embryogenesis. A 14-year-old boy was admitted to the department of infectious diseases with complaints of fever, weakness, abdominal pain, sore throat and loose stools. Previously, the patient had complaints of abdominal pain for a year; ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity was performed repeatedly, in which no pathological changes were detected. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy; During the revision of the abdominal cavity, a space-occupying lesion emerging from the mesentery of the ascending colon and twisted around the vascular pedicle by 3 turns was revealed. Education removed. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic-venous malformation.
165 uncomPreliminary Evaluation of Possibilities for Determination of Optical Density of Venous Blood Plasma for Diagnosis in Emergency Abdominal Surgery , Andrii I Shurma, Fedir V Grynchuk and Artem V Motric Background/Aims: The basis of laboratory diagnosis in emergency abdominal surgery is to determine the number of leukocytes and their forms, the content of C-reactive protein. But the results of such studies are nonspecific. With unclear clinical symptoms, this creates the preconditions for diagnostic errors. Therefore, the search for new diagnostic tools that would allow for a quick, accurate assessment remains relevant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to pre-evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of determining the optical density of venous blood plasma in the infrared range for emergency abdominal surgery. Methods: 42 patients were examined. Among them were: liver abscess - 4 cases, acute phlegmonous appendicitis with periappendicular abscess - 4, acute phlegmonous appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis - 5, acute phlegmonous appendicitis without complications - 8, acute phlegmonous cholecystitis without complications - 5, perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer with diffuse peritonitis - 5, acute adhesive intestinal obstruction without complications - 4, acute catarrhal appendicitis without complications - 3, acute catarrhal cholecystitis without complications - 4 cases. At patients on admission to hospital venous blood from an ulnar vein was collected. Measured the optical density of venous blood plasma on a spectrophotometer SF-4A in the wavelength range l = 2.0 - 20.0 μm. The measurement results were compared with the results of the removed organs histological examination. The control group consisted of 11 patients who had no destructive changes in organs and complications: 4 patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction, 3 patients with acute catarrhal appendicitis, 4 patients with acute catarrhal cholecystitis without complications. Results: We found in the infrared spectrum a number of maxima of the values of the blood plasma optical density, which are localized at wavelengths l = 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, 6.1, 6.7, 9 and 17.5 μm. Indicators of optical density at these wavelengths differed in different diseases and complications. For analysis and comparison, patients were also divided into groups: with abscesses, with diffuse peritonitis, with phlegmonous changes of organs without complications (appendicitis, cholecystitis) and control (no organ destruction). In this comparison, it was found (Figure) that at wavelengths l = 3.1, 6.1, 6.7, 9 and 17.5 μm, the optical density indices differ with specific regularities. In particular, each time in patients from the control group the parameters were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in patients with inflammatory-destructive pathology. In addition, the indicators differ in patients with diffuse peritonitis, abscesses and uncomplicated phlegmonous appendicitis and cholecystitis. Conclusion: 1. Patients with acute surgery have specific maxima of optical density of venous blood plasma in the infrared region at wavelengths l = 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, 6.1, 6.7, 9 and 17.5 μm. 2. Indicators of optical density of blood plasma at wavelengths l = 3.1, 6.1. 6.7, 9, 17.5 microns differ, depending on features of the main disease and complications and have the general laws at perforation of hollow bodies, abscesses, diffuse peritonitis, phlegmonous changes of bodies without complications. 3. The study of optical density is a promising area for improving the diagnosis in emergency abdominal surgery.
166 Surgery and Sickle Cell Disease , Alexander Forero-Torres, Francisco Reinoso Lozano, Fuad López Fernández and Santiago Valderrabano González Sickle cell anemia is considered the most common inherited red blood cell disorder. Patients with SCD present a very particular physiological response to surgical and anesthetic stress, and due to the chronic clinical manifestations, they are a perioperative challenge. Since neonatal screening campaigns and prevention and treatment of this disease crises have been carried out, these patients have increased their survival, reaching adulthood and manifesting chronic organic dysfunctions that may require surgical treatment [1]. Surgery in patients with SCD raises an unique challenges due to the chronic manifestations of their disease and especially their physiological response to surgical stress and anesthesia. The perioperative management of the patient with SCD is of vital importance to minimize the appearance of complications associated with surgical interventions, and it is essential to create multidisciplinary teams that offer adequate perioperative management of these patients.
167 Synovial Sarcoma of the Liver - A Case Report , Geethanjali Sundaram, Rajkumar Ramasamy, Venkatesh Kasi Arunachalam, Sangita Sharma Mehta and Sriman Rajasekaran Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that usually occurs in extremities. Rarely have they been reported in the head and neck, pericardium, lungs, liver, and retroperitoneum. The term synovial sarcoma is a misnomer because the tumor doesn’t arise from synovial tissue. It was once believed to recapitulate synovium, but the cell of origin is still unclear. We report a case of synovial sarcoma of the liver in a 55-year-old male, presented to our hospital with a history of abdominal discomfort and weight loss.
168 The Role of SPECT/CT in the Detection of Meckel’s Diverticulum , FJ Nasirova Meckel´s diverticulum is considered a true because contain of all layers of the intestinal wall. Ð¢here is a "rule of two". Meckel's diverticulum most often seen at 2 years of age and 2 times more common in males, is present in 2% of the population, often contains 2 ectopic tissues (gastric and pancreatic), is 2 inches long, is situated 2 feet from the ileocecal valve. The main clinical signs of Meckel’s diverticulum are: melena, pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, volvulus, intestinal obstruction. Surgery removal of diverticulum is recommended for bleeding develops. We reported the case of 20 children who had melena, the management was a scanning with Technetium99m - pertechnetate in the detection of Meckel´s diverticulum.
169 Practical Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions and their Implementation in ERAS Protocols (Literature Review) , Bihniak PI, Gomon ML and Krenov K Yu Introduction: Volemic therapy has been paid much attention in the ERAS program, in particular the use of fluids before surgery has been liberalized, the effectiveness of chewing gum has been proved, the early removal of drains and probes has been recommended (which facilitates the intake of fluids and food through the mouth in the postoperative period). The most common electrolyte disorders in the postoperative period is sodium and fluid retention (due to the fact that the operative stress stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormone), hypokalemia (exchange for hydrogen ions during acidosis compensation, insufficient admission, "invisible losses" in hemolysis, polyuria, diabetes insipidus syndrome, for instance in neurosurgery or sub-compensation of existing diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of preoperative rehydration therapy on patients' functional indicators in early postoperative period. Methods: 73 elective patients of the surgical department of Starokostiantyniv Central District Hospital were examined. The first group consisted of patients receiving "traditional" preoperative preparation (control group) n = 33. Patients of the second group received IONICA oral rehydration mixture as a preoperative preparation in the amount of 20 ml/kg the day before surgery, n = 40. Results: The first group (n = 33) consisted of patients with “traditional” preoperative preparation, the average age of patients was 43.2 ± 18.3, the second group consisted of patients with preoperative preparation, which included the ORM (oral rehydration mixture) IONICA (n = 40), the average age of patients was 46.3 ± 11.4. Functional and laboratory indicators were defined before surgery and in 24 hours, and the day of peristalsis recovery was also determined. There was no significant difference between the studied indicators on the first day; the only exception was the glucose level, which was significantly lower in the ORM group in 24 hours compared to the “standard” therapy group. Besides, despite the absence of significant differences in the peristalsis recovery in the control group, it occurred on 2.9 ± 0.7, compared with the ORM group: 2.7 ± 0.6 day. Conclusion: ORT is a simple, affordable and effective method to correct hydro-electrolyte balance disorders in elective surgical patients.
170 The Effectiveness of Primary Syndromic Diagnosis in Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Using the Information System “Electronic Polyclinic” in Comparison with the Validated Questionnaire GSRS , Katkova Anastasiya Veniaminovna and Mishlanov Vitaly Yuryevich The aim of the study was to compare the results of primary syndromic diagnosis of diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract using the gastroenterological module of the computer program "Electronic polyclinic" and the validated questionnaire GSRS. The material of the study was 20 patients with non-neoplastic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the control group consisted of 20 persons who were recognized as healthy according to the results of the medical examination of certain groups of the adult population on the basis of the Ministry of Health's order of the Russian Federation dated October 26, 2017 No. 869 n. All respondents were interviewed using 2 questionnaires: GSRS and the gastroenterological module of the interactive system "Electronic Polyclinic". Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the software package Statistica 10.0. Despite the slightly greater sensitivity of some symptoms of diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, obtained during an interactive examination using the computer program "Electronic polyclinic" than when using the GSRS questionnaire, the accuracy of their assessment was low (30 - 55%). Due to the syndromic principle, the accuracy of the diagnostic process has increased, to a greater extent when using the automated system "Electronic Polyclinic": the sensitivity of the method was 80% and the specificity - 90%; when using the GSRS questionnaire, the operating characteristics were 65% and 75%, respectively. According to the results obtained, a conclusion was made about a higher effectiveness of primary syndromic diagnosis when using the gastroenterological module of the computer program "Electronic Polyclinic" in comparison with the use of the GSRS questionnaire due to an increase in the number of detailed symptom-questions in the interactive questionnaire, up to 15 within one syndrome, taking into account the coefficients of significance every symptom.
171 Editorial Notes on the Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19 , Waleed S Mohamed The coronavirus pandemic has overwhelmed the health scene in almost all world countries. Neurological events and complications are common in cases suffering from COVID-19. Several patients with neurological manifestations are reported in addition to the respiratory diseases. This covid 19 disease is mainly due to coronavirus which is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical features seem to be due to multi-factor model which is a mixture of the influence of direct viral infections, complications of systemic disease, and/or inflammation of the nervous system and blood vessels. SARS-CoV-2 infection presented distinguishing neurological neurotropism in most cases. It is assessed that about 25 % of patients with Covid- 19 infection have one or more neurological features.
172 Simplified Model of Enterocutaneous Fistula in the Rat , amargo CP2, Kubrusly MS1, Lee AD1, Traldi MC3, Maluf FC, Costa AC4, Figueira ERR, Gemperli R2, Carneiro-D’Albuquerque LA1 and Galvão FH1* Introduction: Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is a hazardous postoperative complication in abdominal surgeries that demand costly treatment and can reach a mortality incidence as high as 30%. There is a lack of animal models of ECF to test new strategies treatment. In this study we describe in detail an efficient and simplified model of ECF. Methods: After general anesthesia, thirteen male Lewis rats were submitted to a midline incision. The cecum was identified and exteriorized through a small incision in the right flank to create the enterocutaneous fistula. The animals were observed twice a week searching for clinical signs of complications (abdominal distention, piloerection, infection, herniation, necrosis or fistula) and body weight assessment. At the 30th post-operative day (POD), the animals were euthanized to perform autopsy, evaluating abdominal cavity and collecting fistula samples for histology (HE). Results: One animal was sacrificed at the 2nd POD because intestinal prolapse. The remaining 12 animals lost around 10% of the original weight, presented signs of moderate clinical stress but survived untill 30th POD with a steady stercoral fistula and continuous feces output. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of fistula, observing an important lymphomononuclear component in subserous layer and ulceration of squamous epithelium in the fistula border. Conclusion: This simplified model was effective to create a consistent enterocutaneous fistula with continuous output during 30 days.
173 Reconstruction of Mandible with the Use of Free Flaps after Segmental Resection with Exarticulation , Lilia Pavlovna Yakovleva1, Mikhail Alekseevich Kropotov2, Ludmila Grigorjevna Zhukova3, Vladimir Anatolievich Sobolevskiy4, Artem Valerevich Khodos5* and Petr Aleksandrovich Gavrischuk5 Introduction: Segmental resection of the mandible is often used in patients with advanced malignant tumors of oral cavity and primary tumors of the lower jaw. Violation of mandibular arch after the surgical treatment leads to the problems with chewing, swallowing, speech and significant esthetic defects and deformation of lower face area. This circumstances force the surgeon to choose a safe method of reconstruction that can replace large bone and soft-tissue defects and guarantee an adequate time of postoperative treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients with primary and secondary tumors of mandible were included into our study. All had undergone segmental resection of the lower jaw with exarticulation with one-time reconstruction with free bone flaps over the period of 14 years from 2003 to 2018. Results: The described in the article method of joint reconstruction guarantees reliable fixation of the new-formed articular head and recreate temporomandibular joint. Conclusion: The use of bone transplants can restore the anatomy of maxillofacial area, the function of temporomandibular joint and the form of the lower zone of the face after segmental resection of the lower jaw with exarticulation in patients with primary and secondary, benign and malignant tumors
174 The Multidirectional Effect of Nitrite Oxide the Longitudinal and Circular Smooth Muscle Layers of the Wall of the Stomach and Duodenum , Trubitsyna IE1*, Abdulatipova ZM1, Petrakov AV1, Efremov LI1, Smirnova AV3, Tarasova TV3, Papysheva LD1, Vasilyeva IS4, Vasilyeva VV5 and Ruchkina IN1 In the article, conducting experimental studies on white rats of the Wistar line, we considered the effect of NO, as a mediator of inflammation in experimental colon ulcers, on smooth muscles (GM) of the stomach (G), duodenum (D) and colon (C). The experiments were carried out on white rats, of both sexes, weighing 180-220 g (average weight 200 g). The keeping of animals in the vivarium was in accordance with the sanitary rules. All experiments were carried out in accordance with the rules of humane treatment of animals. All manipulations were performed under general anesthesia in compliance with aseptic and antiseptic requirements. To determine the level of NO in the blood serum, the nitrite/nitrate (NOx) method was used. Experimental colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) polymer solution of dactran sodium sulfate. To inhibit NO synthase, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with 1.0 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of Methylene coeruleus. a high level of NO content, due to the increased activity of the inducible form of NO-synthase, has not only a toxic effect on the mucous membrane of the colon, with a simultaneous relaxing effect on the circular and contraction of the longitudinal layer of the GM G, pyloric canal and D. The nature of the effect on all these parts of the gastroduodenal zone has a different degree of relaxation, which is the result of specific tissue homeostasis.
175 Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Pelvic Rocking Exercises in Reducing Dysmenorrhoea in Terms of Knowledge and Practice Among 1st Year General Nursing and Midwifery Students in Selected School of Nursing, Kolkata, West Bengal , Chitra Nayek1* and Anita Paul Samanta2 The investigation conducts a experimental study to identify the “effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding dysmenorrhoea and pelvic rocking exercises among 1st year General Nursing Midwifery students in terms of knowledge and practice in selected School of Nursing, Kolkata, West Bengal”. She adopted only post-test control group study design and selected 60 1st year General Nursing Midwifery students by simple random sampling techniques. Structured knowledge questionnaire and observation check list was used to collect the data. Result shows that the mean difference of post-test knowledge and practice scores are statistically significant for calculated ‘t’ value t58 = 2.05, p < 0.05, which indicates the effectiveness of planned teaching programme. No association between the post test knowledge and practice scores and the selected demographic characteristics of the nursing students
176 Sensitivity and Specificity of Urine Trypsinogen 2 Dip Test in Acute Upper Abdominal Pain for the Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis , Punitkumar Patel1, Arun Bahulikar2, Nandakumar Beke3, Divya Patel4 and Deepak Phalgune5* Background: There are little data in the literature on the sensitivity of the urine trypsinogen 2 (UT-2) test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and results have been controversial. Also, studies of UT-2 test in the Indian population are few in number. The aim of the present study was to find the sensitivity and specificity of UT- 2 dipstick test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in acute upper abdominal pain patients. Material and Methods: One hundred-sixty-six patients aged between 18 and 80 years presenting with acute abdominal pain were included for this cross-sectional observational study. All the patients were tested with UT-2 dipstick test, serum amylase, serum lipase. Ultrasonography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen was performed simultaneously. The diagnostic efficacy index such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value was calculated using the appropriate gold standard. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of UT-2 dipstick test for detecting acute pancreatitis were 90.7% and 87.5% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum amylase for detecting acute pancreatitis were 61.1% and 100.0% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum lipase for detecting acute pancreatitis were 81.5% and 100.0% respectively. Conclusions: The UT-2 test had good sensitivity and specificity and can be used reliably for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in acute upper abdominal pain.
177 The Results of Serum Markers of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Posthepatic Fibrosis and in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Depending on Body Weight , NM Gavryliuk1, ?Ya Hospodarskii1*, OV Prokopchuk1, ?V Bushtynska1, MYe Havrylyuk2 and OA Kozak1 Liver fibrosis is a significant medical and economic problem in many countries, particularly developed ones, with excess incidence of overweight and obesity, as well as in the countries with high incidence of viral hepatitis. Taking into account the significant progress in the molecular understanding of liver fibrosis, the problem of early diagnostics, disease course prediction and search for effective pathogenetically substantiated approaches to its treatment remains important. The presented article highlights the main methods of posthepatitis liver fibrosis diagnostics after elimination of viral hepatitis type C and in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affected by overweight and obesity by evaluating fibrosis serum markers. Authors highlighted connections with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, posthepatitis liver fibrosis after elimination of viral hepatitis type C in patients with overweight and obesity, perspective directions for the use of these data are also formulated.
178 Secondary Perineal Hernia Perforation Post Trauma , Md Hugo Samartine Júnior1*, Lauro Igor Silva2, Giovanna Bertazzola Gracitelli2, Md Mariana Gonçalves Marangon1, Md Ariane Caetano Hardy1, Md Sergio Oliva Banci1,3, Antonio José Tibúrcio Alves Júnior1,3 and José Alfredo Reis Neto3 Perineal Hernias (PH) result from weakness or defects in the pelvic floor musculature, which may allow the passage of abdominal contents to a pelvic-perineal region. They can be classified as primary (congenital) or secondary (post-pelvic surgery), being anatomically distinguished by their position, anterior or posterior, to the transverse perineal muscle. With variable clinical presentation and surgical treatment aimed at cases with greater symptoms, complications caused by perineal hernias in outpatient follow-up are rarely described in the literature. The objective of this study is to carry out a brief literature review and report a case of perineal hernia in a conservative clinical-surgical follow-up, with a perforation event after trauma, approached in an emergency room.
179 Morphofunctional Relationship of Gallbladder Pathology with Stomach Pathology in the Conditions of Kara-Suu General Practice Centers. Influence of the Trophological Status to Stone Formation , Turusbekova AK*, Kalmatov RK, Moldoev M, Zhanadilova GZH and Kalysbek KS The study of the influence of the trophological status of patients on the course of pathologies of the gallbladder and stomach, physicochemical changes in bile and the state of the gastric mucosa can improve the results of treatment of combined pathologies of the hepatobiliary zone. The introduction into practice of gastroscopic studies of patients with cholelithiasis can substantiate the pathogenicity of the treatment of pathologies of neighboring organs.
180 Minimally Invasive Surgery for Achalasia: Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy with Accidental Esophageal Perforation , Jara Hernandez Gutiérrez* and Aurelio F Aranzana Gómez Achalasia is a relatively rare disease included within the group of motor disorders of the esophagus, characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and the absence of esophageal peristalsis. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has become the procedure of choice for treating primary achalasia, due to the fact that the procedure is the one that has shown the best results in terms of morbidity, mortality and recurrences. We present a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with Achalasia. We describe the procedure and show figures of the surgery. The patient underwent an extended Heller's extramucosal myotomy with intraoperative esophageal perforation at the esophagogastric junction, associating Dor type anterior antireflux technique, the surgical procedure was completed laparoscopically. There was no postoperative morbidity or mortality. At 8 months follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and with correct radiological control. The Minimally Invasive Surgery is the treatment of choice for Achalasia, it consists of an extended Heller myotomy associated with an antireflux technique. Intraoperative perforation of the esophageal mucosa always makes the procedure more difficult, and it is necessary to insist on completing the myotomy to avoid recurrence of the disease.
181 Portopulmonary Hypertension (Literature Review) , Potii VV1*, Kiriienko VT2, Potii DA1, Glukhova EI3 and Kunickaya OS3 Portopulmonary hypertension is a form of pulmonary arterial hypertension that develops as a complication of portal hypertension. The specific gravity of liver cirrhosis as a cause of portal hypertension is about 75%, which means that a significant proportion of patients with portopulmonary hypertension have liver cirrhosis, therefore, these patients are potentially candidates for liver transplantation. Although this complication is not common, it is extremely important to distinguish portopulmonary hypertension from other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension, since an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 35 mmHg is associated with a 50-100% mortality rate during waiting and after liver transplantation. There are no clear recommendations for the treatment of this complication in patients with portal hypertension, since there are not enough clinical trials in this group of patients. A significant number of obstacles can limit the adequate treatment of patients with portopulmonary hypertension and explain the lower survival rate of this group of patients compared with other types of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Until recently, only one randomized controlled trial included patients with portopulmonary hypertension, and most of the treatment data came from relatively small observational studies. Currently, the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension includes therapy specific for pulmonary arterial hypertension regardless of its cause, and in some cases such therapy is necessary to facilitate successful liver transplantation.
182 Barrett's Esophagus: The Evolution of Views (Review) , NYU Kohanenko, TSH Morgoshiia, M Ter-Ovanesov, AV Glebova, OG Vavilova and AA Kashintsev* Barrett's esophagus (BE) is known to be a disease characterized by the replacement of the multilayer flat epithelium with a metaplastic columnar epithelium. Technological advances in endoscopic procedures have radically changed the treatment of dysplastic and early cancers from aggressive to organ-preserving endoscopic treatment. A multi-modal approach to treatment has been shown combining endoscopic resection of visible and/or protruding lesions with ablative methods for early forms of mucosal lesions in Barrett's esophagus, followed by long-term follow-up, which improves the results of treatment of this nosological form. Safe and effective endoscopic treatment can be both tissue acquisition, as in endoscopic mucosal resection with endoscopic submucous dissection, and tissue ablation, as in photodynamic therapy, radiofrequency stimulation and cryotherapy. Joint decision-making between a patient and a doctor is important when considering treatment of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia.
183 Effects of Drugs Used in Cancer Treatment on The Gastrointestinal Tract , Ahmet Özer Şehirli The potential for side effects is the most important factor limiting the treatment in treatments performed during cancer, which is one of the most important problems of recent times [1]. Some of the agents used in this treatment are also used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to their immunosuppressive properties. One of the side effects of these agents is the damage they cause in the gastrointestinal tract, which is manifested by symptoms of nausea-vomiting, diarrhea/constipation [2]. It is a condition that occurs as a result of the agents used during chemotherapy affect not only the tumor cell but also healthy cells. Free oxygen radicals, as well as neurotransmitters and hormones such as dopamine, serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, vasopressin, thyrotropine-releasing hormone, leucine-enkephalin and substance-P, in the damage in the gastrointestinal tract, increase in inflammatory cytokine levels, decrease in endogenous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant enzyme activations play an important role [2-4] Therefore, although the studies carried out to correct this situation are increasing day by day, it still continues to be a problem as a clinic. For this purpose, studies with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs with antioxidant properties have accelerated, and the development of nanoparticles that only selectively affect tumor cells has been accelerated [5,6].
184 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in a Patient with Chronic HCV-Infection Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents , AA Yakovlev, SS Suleimanova, DL Sulima, VN Koryagin, NM Kravchuk and VA Larionov A female patient Sh. aged 58, was observed in the EXCLUSIVE clinic with a diagnosis Chronic HCV-infection 1b genotype Replicative option: Chronic HCV RNA viremia, low viral load 4.3×105 IU/ml. Clinical form: Combined HCV-syndrome: HCV-associated chronic steatohepatitis (S2/0.50) with moderate necroinflammatory activity (A1/0.35) and minimal fibrosis (F1/0.33).
185 Early Duodenal Perforation After Biliary Stent Placement. A Case Report and Literature Review , Okoli Fidelis, Golfeyz Shmuel, Hamshow Mohammad, Mayer Ira, NYSGEF Iswara, Kadirawel Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stent placement is a common procedure performed to reestablish bile flow for conditions in which there is obstruction of the common bile, hepatic and pancreatic ducts. Stent migration is a common occurrence and many measures, such as creation of internal flanges and pigtails, have been taken to mitigate this from happening. Stent migration with intestinal perforation is a rare but well recognized life-threatening late complication. Herein, we report a case of a biliary stent causing a duodenal perforation that was diagnosed laparoscopically four days after stent placement. Additionally, we will review the literature on presentation, diagnosis and management of intestinal perforation from biliary stent placement.
186 A Single-Centre Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Technical Feasibility, Safety and Operative Outcomes of Laparoscopic Reversal of Omega Loop Bypass Surgery , Enas Al-Alawi, Mohamed Nadir Taweela and Tarek Nassar The abstract should be clear, relative, descriptive, self-explanatory and no longer than 400 words. Do not include references or formulae or any special character in the abstract. An epidemic of obesity is sweeping across the Middle East with no good signs of control [1]. It is associated with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and high cholesterol levels, as well as, snoring and sleep apnea [2]. A large number of patients undergo bariatric surgeries every year in United Arab Emirates3. This explosion in bariatric surgery, inherently comes with an increase in the number of complications, secondary interventions and even reversal of procedures in about one fourth of the patients [4]. It is now widely acknowledged that laparoscopic Omega Loop Bypass (OLB) is as effective as Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), for treating obesity and associated comorbidities. OLB takes less time to perform, is technically less demanding and has shorter learning curve for the operating surgeon [5]. Therefore, this procedure is gaining popularity and is rapidly spreading as a preferred choice of bariatric surgery. Despite a proven track record of nearly two decades, the risk of symptomatic bile reflux, marginal ulceration, severe malnutrition, chronic steatorrhea, hypoglycemic attacks and long-term risk of gastro-esophageal cancers are some of the commonly voiced concerns. These conditions usually can be managed conservatively, i.e., by behavioral and medical therapy, but occasionally, a surgical re-intervention may be needed. In extreme cases, a secondary procedure may consist of reversal to normal anatomy.
187 2004 Study of Risk Factors for an Increasing Gradient in the Burden of Liver Cirrhosis in 158 Countries in Men and Women , Ludmila Alexandrovna Radkevich and Dariya Andreyevna Radkevich Goals and objectives of this study: To conduct a step-by-step comparative analysis of the risk factors for the formation of the cirrhosis burden gradient in 8 groups of 158 countries of the world. 2004. Conduct a stepwise comparative analysis of risk factors for the formation of a gradient in the burden of cirrhosis of the liver (LC) in 8 groups of 158 countries. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis of risk factors for the burden of liver cirrhosis (LC) in 2004 (GBD, 2004) was performed using the Mann- Whitney U test in 8 groups of countries of the world, 20 countries in each group. Results: In accordance with the goal in our research, it was found that in countries 1- group 8 compared with group 8 countries, the median burden of liver cirrhosis was 10 times higher (p ≤ 0.001). Burden of comorbid diseases - alcoholism and cardiovascular disease were 2 times higher in the 8th group of countries compared to the 1st group of countries (p ≤ 0. 001). The burden of diabetes did not differ statistically significantly between the countries of the 1st and 2nd th groups. Per capita income dropped sharply by 10 times from group 1 to groups 3-4. Further from the 4th group, per capita income increased by 4-6 times to the 8th group of countries. Ultraviolet (J/n2) increased to the equator from 1 to 4 groups of countries, and then decreased towards northern latitudes. The longitude grew from Group 1 to Group 8 (from 30° to 70°). Quality of life indicators in the 8 country groups were statistically dependent on income IPC. General level of food consumption the overall level of consumption of TCL products did not change significantly between country groups and tended to decrease. The total percentage of consumption of alcoholic drinks (strong alcohol, wine and beer - g/person/day) from of the total level of food consumption TCL, a statistically significant decrease from group 1 to group 8 of countries. The ratio of the level of consumption of strong alcohol to wine, or beer, increased statistically significantly from the 1st group of countries to the 8th group by 2-3 times. The ratio of animal fat to vegetable oils increased from Group 1 to Group 8 countries. Total energy and total fat (kcal/person/day) decreased from Group 1 to Group8 9 countries with unchanged protein levels. However, the % of animal fat of total fat steadily increased significantly in the direction of the increasing LC gradient from country group 1 to country group 8. From the 1st group of countries to the 8th group, the percentage of fast NAT2 acetylators increased. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest a two-phase change in economic and geographical characteristics. An increase in the consumption of strong alcohol and animal fat with a stepwise cross-country growth of the cirrhosis LC gradient. Further research into risk factors for cirrhosis LC is needed.
188 Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Surgical Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Reconversion Hospital , Francisco Javier Martínez-Jiménez, Noé Zaragoza-Arias, Sergio Arturo Ayala-Velazquez, Cinthia Lizbeth Macias-Guzman, Adán Escareño-Sánchez and Carmen Rodriguez-Deniz Introduction: COVID-19 has generated greater morbidity in patients, forcing a hospital reconversion. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery during the epidemic phase. Material and methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was conducted in patients undergoing surgery during hospital reconversion. Demographics, comorbidities, hospital stay and postoperative complications were recorded. Descriptive statistics, Chi square were used to look for an association between the presence of complications and comorbidities and demographics. Results: There were 133 patients, 69 women and 64 men; median age 56 years, median hospital stay 4 days; 19.5% had diabetes mellitus, 29.3% arterial hypertension, 5.3% chronic lung disease, 45.1% immunosuppression and 3.8% confirmed by SARS-Cov-2. 39 patients had post-surgical complications. Morbidity of 29.3% and mortality of 6.8% were observed. We found a significant difference in the association between complications and high blood pressure (p = 0.021), age group (p = 0.006), and confirmation of COVID-19 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Arterial hypertension, advanced age and confirmation of SARS-Cov-2 are associated with the presence of post-surgical complications in this pandemic.
189 Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Surgical Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Reconversion Hospital , Okoli Fidelis, Golfeyz Shmuel, Albert Joel and Mayer Ira Although colorectal lipomas are the second most common benign tumors in the colon, they are uncommonly seen in clinical practice. Lipomas are typically asymptomatic and incidentally found during colonoscopy or on radiological imaging. Symptomatic lipomas are usually larger than two centimeters and can present with abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, obstruction, bleeding, intussusception, or perforation. Different imaging modalities can be used to diagnose lipomas however definitive diagnosis is made histologically. Symptomatic lipomas require either endoscopic or surgical resection. We report a case of a colonoscopy-assisted resection of a large sigmoid colonic lipoma that prolapsed through the anal canal.
190 Functional Foods for Cognitive Development and Memory in People with Down Syndrome , Adriana Budelon of Macedo Down syndrome or trisomy of par 21 is a genetically determined human condition that promotes intellectual disability and functional changes interfering in development. Food can combat free radicals by attenuating brain aging in people with Down Syndrome. This article aimed to present information about functional foods that can contribute to cognitive improvement and brain development in people with Down Syndrome. There is evidence that foods that are sources of choline, phosphatadilcholine and phosphatadilserine, such as green tea and turmeric, through supplementation can contribute to brain function. This is due to the neuroprotective compounds present in turmeric and choline being the precursor of neurotransmitters.
191 ATR Mediated Activity of Molecular Editors on Oncological Cells , Miss Akanksha Singh CRISPR Cas 9, a biologist editing guide has conquered molecular genetics with its supreme ability to edit the human genome thus eradicating the complexity involved in proteomics and recombinant DNA technology to cure many genetic diseases. In this study, the CRISPR Cas 9 machinery has been applied to demonstrate anti tumoral activity with the aid of molecular sensors working in the DNA replication like ATR that, at times of normal replication allows the stalled replication forks to move further that will eliminate circumstances leading to apoptosis. This biomolecule is used as anti- cancer tool to prevent detrimental effects of malignancies associated with the cancer. During the progression S-phase, most of the times, the cell accurately completes the replication but when cell senses the mutation or any physical damage in its way of replicating DNA, the replication machinery gets halted thus accumulating many ssDNA molecules and this stimulates ATR molecule to bind and pave the way for completion of replication. This review juxtaposed the anticancer effects in mammalian and mouse cells and indicated ATR to be important molecule in diagnosis of cancer.
192 Risk Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer in Middle Income Countries: A Scoping Review Used to Develop a Risk Assessment Tool for South Africa and Brazil , Sphindile Magwaza1, Guido Van Hal and Muhammad Hoque Background: There is evidence that screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) contributes towards early treatment and survival. CRC risk predictive models have been developed to assist with segmenting population by risk category for targeted screening. The models also assist to inform prevention interventions to lower incidence of CRC. Aim: We conducted a scoping review to map and analyse published CRC risk predictive models for colorectal cancer (CRC) with the purpose to inform the development of a risk assessment tool, for potential use in South Africa (SA) and Brazil (BR), using the risk factors with high discrimination values from these published models. Methods: We used scoping review technique, to identify and map the scientific publications on CRC risk predictive models related to SA and BR and middle-income countries. We identified the systematic reviews completed and published on the CRC risk predictive models. We reviewed each publication to identify year, countries, authors, gender, risk factors added on the model, data sources, sta- tistical methods used and results and also allocated TRIPOD level based on the analysis of the study. We analysed publications from January 2000 to November 2021 as indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed and Cochrane Centre. We documented and analysed each model based on Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework for scoping reviews. Findings: One systematic review and one scoping review publications were identified. The reviews included 59 peer-reviewed origi- nal research articles on CRC risk predictive models from both high and middle-income countries. Of these, 12 models were included with 10 models published from middle income countries and two models used global data. None of the models were developed from SA or BR. Questionnaires and medical records were used as data sources. Eight models focus on CRC and four models focused on advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN). All models focused on CRC asymptomatic men and women as part of their study population. The risk factors assessed included demographics, medical, familiar, genetics, biomarkers, environmental and lifestyle/behavioural practices. All models were regarded to have good discrimination for CRC risks. Conclusions: Scoping the CRC risk predictive models highlighted potential benefits of developing an evidence-based risk assessment tool and identified research gaps due to lack of existing CRC risk predictive models that can be developed to better understand the risk factors in both countries. Having validated risk factors could inform policy and planning; clinical practice particularly, health promotion as well as future research needs for increased CRC research outputs in this area particularly, as all countries strive to implement cost efficiency screening programmes through stratify the general population by risk categories to help prevent and con- trol the CRC burden in both countries.
193 Peptic Ulcer as a Disorder of an Unknown Syndrome , Andy Petroianu The symptoms of peptic ulcer have been described in all ancient civilizations since the Egyptian papyrus, Babylonian stones and documents from the Hippocratic Greece, China and India literature. The first association of these manifestations with gastric ulcer was made after the sudden death of princess Henriette-Anne, King Charles I's daughter, at the age of 26, a day after she complained of abdominal pain in 1670. In an attempt to understand this disease, Prout (1823) confirmed the active secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach and related it to the abdominal pain. Schwann (1836) described and named the pepsin as a stomach enzyme, which also was related to abdominal discomfort. Curveilhier (1829) described gastric ulcers of the lesser curvature, distinguishing benign from malignant ones and due to his relevant works, benign ulcers of the stomach was called “maladie de Cruveilhier”. Based on this knowledge, Schwartz (1910) wrote “Ohne saueren Magensaft kein peptisches Geschwür” (no acid in gastric juice, no peptic ulcer). Since that time, the benign gastric and duodenal ulcers are known as chloridropeptic ulcer or peptic ulcer, and all treatments aim to neutralize or inhibit the production of acid and pepsin
194 Gross Anatomy and Histological Features of Polypterus bichir (Cuvier, 1829) from the Lower River Niger at Agenebode in Edo State, Nigeria , Agbugui MO and Oniye SJ Background: Polypterus bichir belonging to the family Polypteridae is widely distributed in Nile basin and West Africa. In Nigeria, it is highly valued as an indigenous ornamental fish, relish dish and of commercial importance. Apart from its importance as an exported fish source with value of commercial importance not much is known about this fish species, its hardy and rich protein source could perhaps make it as suitable identity in fish culture an increase the variety of affordable culture-able species in Nigeria hence the study of the anatomy and histology of its gastrointestinal tract. Results: The anatomy is a composite one composing of oesophagus, a “Y” shaped stomach highly vascularised lungs, an anterior valvular intestine and a true intestine which ends in the cloaca. The histological results of the GIT show four conspicuous layers of outer circular muscularis, inner longitudinal layer, submucosa, mucosa from the outer to the inside. The gut revealed various mucus glands, longitudinal folds, with a prominent columnar epithelium. These features provide durable length for an extension of the gut. The mucus aids lubrication and movement of food materials, protection in the mucosal epithelium from injuries. Conclusions: The GIT is a composite of organs and reveals that it well adapted for a hardy survival, purely a carnivore that could be managed under propagation and culture. The histology reveals a GIT formed by four conspicuous layers from the inside to the outside of mucosa, submucosa, and inner longitudinal layer of muscularis and outer circular of muscularis typical of higher vertebrates.
195 Sirtuin 1 is Linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Global Diseases , Ian James Martins The global chronic disease epidemic has become of major concern to various individuals in the developing and developed world. In the developing world the global increase in chronic diseases such as NAFLD and neurodegenerative diseases that now afflict millions of individuals in various countries is possibly associated with environmental xenobiotics [1]. The anti-aging gene sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is involved with the regulation of various anti-aging genes that control cell survival associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and programmed cell death [2]. Interests in Sirt 1 have increased since it may repress with effects on other genes and their cellular expression with importance to the induction of obesity, diabetes, NAFLD and accelerated neurodegenerative disease [3].
196 Rare Forms of Diabetic Neuropathy in Clinical Practice: Case Report , Larysa Tereshchenko and Anatolii Sorokin The article is devoted to the problem of damage of the nervous system in diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy is presented, the attention of practitioners is focused on the features of the course of its rare forms, in particular, thoracoabdominal neuropathy. A clinical case of thoracoabdominal neuropathy, features of its symptoms, course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis with diseases of internal organs and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The supervision of such patients in a multidisciplinary hospital is proposed.
197 Nutritional Behavior and Quantitative and Qualitative Dietary Balance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients , Mariem Ben Jemaa, Fatma Mhamdi, Hanen Falleh, Riadh Ksouri and Raja Serairi Beji This manuscript was focused on the nutritional behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and the assessment of their quantitative and qualitative dietary balance in order to evaluate the role of dietary factors in patient healing process. The first part of the study was devoted to a retrospective cross-sectional survey involving 50 patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in order to investigate their nutritional behavior. The interview identified the patient gender, age, family situation, ethnicity, career, family and personal ancestors, swallowing difficulties, and the date of diagnosis. After that, the anthropometric profile of questioned patients was drawn via their size, weight and their Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements. In addition, their brachial circumference, their tricipital cutan fold and their brachial muscle circumference were evaluated. Finally, blood samples of investigated patient were used for Albuminemia, Reactive Protein C (RPC), Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD) and for the Glutathion peroxydase measurements. Obtained results demonstrated that the questioned population was formed of 68% men and the average age was 55 years. Moreover, 77,6% of questioned patient declared their new diagnosis and 33 patients had difficulty to swallow. Considering the anthropometric profile of questioned patients, results highlighted that 70% of the studied population had a normal BMI, 26% were in overweight, and just 2% had grade 1 malnutrition. Gathered results suggested that the average of brachial circumference, tricipital cutan fold and muscle circumference were 19,86; 11,63 and 16,23, respectively. Blood biological analysis demonstrated that all the studied sample were in an inflammatory phase, 90% have hypoalbuminemia, 72,4% showed a decrease in the enzymatic activity of the Superoxyde Dismutase and the Glutathion peroxydase. In conclusion, gathered results present an interesting data basis for therapists in order to avoid malnutrition and its consequences for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
198 Effect of Acetaminophen Against the Background of Alimentary Protein Deficiency on the Features of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Metabolism in Rats , Нalyna Kopylchuk and Ivanna Nykolaichuk In recent years, there has been extensive evidence of the involvement of disorders in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids - methionine, cysteine and homocysteine - in the development of several diseases. These amino acids share common degradation pathways, and their intermediates play a role in regulating the activity of homocysteine remethylation and enzymes transsulfuration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of acetaminophen on the background of dietary protein deficiency on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in rats: distribution of sulfur-containing amino acids - homocysteine, cysteine and methionine − in blood serum and hepatocytes, activity of key enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism - сystathionine beta-synthase, сystathionine gamma-lyase. During the experiment, the experimental animals consumed a semi-synthetic diet AIN-93 in accordance with the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition. In order to model the alimentary protein deprivation rats received a low-protein diet daily for 28 days, which contained 1/3 of the generally accepted daily requirement of protein. After four weeks of keeping animals on an experimental diet, acute toxic damage with acetaminophen was modelled. The toxin was administered at 1250 mg/kg of animal weight as a suspension in a 2% solution of starch gel once a day for 2 days. Our results indicate that the conditions of alimentary protein deprivation and acetaminophen toxic injury in hepatocytes and blood serum of animals disrupts the distribution of sulfur-containing amino acids (decrease in methionine, increase in cysteine concentration) with the development of hyperhomocysteinemia: in the absence of dietary protein - a mild form, with the introduction of toxic doses of acetaminophen - moderate. The results confirm the causal relationship between the functioning of the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine (decreased cystathionine β-synthase activity with simultaneous activation of cystathionine γ-lyase in animal hepatocytes) and the maximum increase in the level of this amino acid in blood serum under conditions of acetaminophen-toxic injury. Elevated blood homocysteine levels can therefore be considered as a prognostic marker of functional abnormalities in the liver transsulfuration pathway and can be used in the diagnosis of hepatic pathologies.
199 Investigation of the Frequency of STOX1 Y153H Polymophism in Patients with Preeclampsia , Evrim Suna Arikan Söylemez, Dağıstan Tolga Arıöz, Müjgan Özdemir Erdoğan, Fatih Çelik and Mariam Chkhikvadze Preeclampsia (PE), one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Gastrointestinal complications of preeclampsia can occur and have the risk of being life-threatening for the mother and fetus. Genetic predisposition is a risk factor for PE. In this context, the genotype rates and allele frequencies of the STOX1 gene rs1341667 (Y153H) polymorphism in peripheral blood and placental tissues (decidua, umblical cord) of 25 PE patients and 25 healthy controls were examined by Light Cycler® Nano Real Time PCR Instrument (Roche Applied Systems). The STOX1 gene rs1341667 polymorphism exists in three different genotypes in humans: TT (wild type), TC (heterozygous) and CC (mutant). When the genotype frequencies of peripheral blood and placenta samples were compared between patients and controls, there was no difference (P > 0.05). The genotype results of the decidua and umblical cord samples, analyzed from the same placenta in all cases, were the same. There was no difference between allele frequencies of the patients and controls (P > 0.05). In our study, rs1341667 polymorphism was detected in peripheral blood and placental tissues of preeclamptic mothers. However, this polymorphism was also detected in healthy pregnant women peripheral bloods and their placental tissues. There was no difference between the frequencies of the C allele, which is the risk allele, in both blood and placental tissues of controls and PE patients. In this regard, we cannot support the view that the relevant polymorphism predisposes to preeclampsia. However, our study has small number of patients. This polymorphism needs to be analyzed in large populations.
200 Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer. Single-Center Experience , Valentin Pavlov, Marat Urmantsev, Ruslan Safiullin, Anton Denejko, Rita Gilmanova and Ruslan Abdrakhimov Objective: Radical cystectomy remains the most effective treatment for patients with localized, invasive bladder cancer and recurrent noninvasive disease. Recently some surgeons have begun to describe outcomes associated with less invasive surgical approaches to this disease, such as laparoscopic or robotic assisted techniques. We report our maturing experience with 100 consecutive cases of robotic assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy regarding perioperative results, pathological outcomes, and surgical complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients (73 male and 27 female) underwent robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion at our institution from February 2018 to February 2021 for clinically localized bladder cancer. Outcome measures evaluated included operative variables, hospital recovery, pathological outcomes, and complication rate. Results: The mean age of this cohort was 60.4 years (range 38 to 82). Ninety-five patients underwent ileal conduit diversion, 5 received a neobladder). The mean operating room time for all patients was 184 min and mean surgical blood loss was 286 ml. On surgical pathology, 2% of the cases were pT1, 35% were pT2, 51+12% were pT3/T4 disease and 17% were node positive. The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 16 (range 10 to 40). In no case was there a positive surgical margin. The mean days to flatus were 2.6, bowel movement 2.8 and discharge home 8.2. There were 21 postoperative complications in 20 patients with 4% having a major complication (Clavien grade 3 or higher) and 15% being readmitted within 30 days after surgery. At a mean follow-up of 12 months 3 patients had disease recurrence and died 4 of disease. Conclusions: We report a relatively large cohort and maturing experience with robotic radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer, providing acceptable surgical and pathological outcomes. These results support continued efforts to refine the surgical management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
201 Role of Adrenoreceptors in the Implementation of the Stimulator Effect of Serotonin on WPC , DS Sveshnikovv, MR Smirnov and AV Kuchuk We have established that b-adrenergic receptors prevent the development of a stimulatory effect in response to the introduction of serotonin into the body. This action of b-adrenergic receptors is very strong - when serotonin is introduced into the body under conditions of blockade of b-adrenergic receptors, the stimulatory effect of dpk is 5 times greater than in infarcted animals. This is due to the fact that the serotonin introduced into the body activates not only 5HT receptors of serotonergic neurons and smooth muscles, but also presynaptic 5 - HT receptors of sympathetic nerve endings. Their activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, the latter inhibits contractions of the smooth muscles of the intestine. But the stimulating effect of serotonin on smooth muscle is stronger than the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine.
202 The Purulent Estuary-Pyostomatitis Vegetans , Anubha Bajaj Preface Pyostomatitis vegetans is an exceptional, benign, chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes demonstrating an insidious onset. Characteristically, the condition delineates an ulcerated oral mucosa exhibiting numerous pustules or exudative plaques with an elevated perimeter along with intraepithelial abscesses imbued with innumerable eosinophils. Pyostomatitis vegetans, an uncommon manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, may simultaneously be associated with a cutaneous condition designated as pyodermatitis vegetans. Pyostomatitis vegetans is contemplated as an oral counterpart of pyodermatitis vegetans which appears to incriminate various cutaneous surfaces.
203 SRadical Surgery for Advanced Colon Cancer. A Case Report , VP Kryshen and VV Zadorozhnyi The article presents the collected, processed and analyzed results of treatment of 57 patients with malignant tumors of the colon in the late stages, complicated by acute intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation, peritonitis during 2018-2021 years. The ratio of surgical interventions depending on the location of the tumor and anatomical features was determined. To illustrate the material a proper clinical case of radical operations performing in the late stages of colon cancer was presented.
204 Incisional Ventral Hernia , Rami Abu Shamsieh Ventral hernia is a bulge of tissues through an opening of weakness within abdominal wall muscles without surgery. Incisional hernia is defined as an abdominal wall defect at the site of abdominal wall closure and more than 10% of patients, who undergo laparotomy, experience the hernia. Although the incisional hernia may stay silent and asymptomatic for years, it may enlarge over time and can give rise to complications including pain, discomfort, bowel obstruction, incarceration, and strangulation. Also it may adversely affect an individual’s quality of life. About 17% will lead to incarceration or strangulation with 0.3% mortality, so early surgical intervention is important once the incisional hernia has been diagnosed.
205 Hepatotoxicity – What Should you Always Remember? , Nosivets DS Drug-induced liver damage is a pressing problem of modern hepatology and accounts for more than 10% of all adverse drug reactions. In Ukraine, the incidence of hepatotoxicity among hospitalized patients is 4-6%. Studies of American authors have found that more than 50% of cases of acute liver failure and 2-5% of cases of jaundice are the result of adverse drug reactions. Due to the rapid growth of the range of medications over the past 25 years, a 12-fold increase in drug hepatotoxicity has been registered.
206 Amyloid Vasculopathy Revealed by Episodes of Severe Arterial Hypotension Complicating Crohn's Disease , K El Montacer, W Hliwa, Ri Seydou, F Haddad, FZ El Rhaoussi, M Tahiri, A Bellabah, W Badre and M Regragui Background: Renal failure secondary to AA amyloidosis is a common cause of death among patients with untreated Crohn's disease. Once amyloid deposits set in, they are irreversible; however, controlling the inflammation limits the progression of tissue damage and stabilizes the disease. Aim of the study: To describe the case of Crohn's disease with a delayed diagnosis reaching complication stage: renal and vascular amyloidosis with a poor prognosis, in order to make practitioners aware of the importance of systematic screening for this severe complication and the establishment as soon as possible of a specific therapeutic strategy aimed at controlling inflammation and slowing progression to end-stage chronic renal disease. Case report: A 50years old male patient diagnosed, simultaneously, after 20 years of symptom progression, with stenosing ileocolic Crohn's disease complicated by systemic AA amyloidosis revealed by renal failure and episodes of vasoplegia. Ileo-caecal resection and control of inflammation with steroids and immunosuppressive therapy resulted in stabilization of renal status and decreased frequency of orthostatic hypotension episodes. Conclusion: Screening for proteinuria and impaired renal function in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly Crohn's disease, allows early diagnosis of secondary amyloidosis. Although no treatment has been proven effective for the reversibility of amyloid deposits; control of inflammation seems to stop amyloidogenesis and consequently limits the progression of organ dysfunction.
207 Diabetes Mellitus, Constipation, and Fiber Intake , Fabiola Prado Dietary fiber is a term that includes the edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine. Functional fibers are isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates which have beneficial physiological effects in humans. Total fiber is the sum of dietary and functional fiber. Dietary fiber is important for human beings because it is associated with a normal gut microbiota. Gut microbes act upon dietary fiber to produce metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, which may be absorbed into the circulation and are thought to affect metabolic regulation processes. These fatty acids may also be a substrate for other gut microbes. Although increasing dietary fiber intake is a general recommendation for overall health as well as for constipation, there is a 30-year debate and strong controversy about the scientific evidence of its clinical benefits and about the type and amount of fiber to be prescribed in each case. This document analyzes the evidence about the types and mechanism of action of dietary fiber for managing constipation. We propose an algorithm of steps clinicians must have in mind when prescribing fiber supplements for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with constipation.
208 Need of Improving the Diagnostics of Viral Hepatitis C in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Receiving Hemo dialysis , Mustafa R Rysuly, Aiman Sadvakas, Nurlan R Rakhmetov, Manas E Ramazanov, Baltybek K Zhanbyrbai and Bekbolat S Musabaev This article presents a retrospective analysis of laboratory parameters in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure receiving lifelong hemodialysis and having a positive test for viral hepatitis C. The indicators of the complete blood count (red blood cell count, leukocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and ESR) were analyzed, biochemical studies for glucose, total protein, albumin, renal functional tests (glomerular filtration rate - GFR, creatine and urea), liver function tests (ALT and AST), iron examination (concentration of serum iron and ferritin), C-reactive protein. For the diagnosis of viral hepatitis C, only the test for the determination of antibodies against viral hepatitis anti-HCV (Hepatitis C virus) was used. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out - the number and percentage, the arithmetic average, the level of significance P at ≤ 0.05. Assessment of the terminal stage of chronic renal failure in terms of sexual dimorphism in a comprehensive study of the diagnosis of hepatitis C in patients receiving hemodialysis was made for the first time. Fluctuations in individual diagnostic and prognostic indicators of laboratory tests, suggesting the involvement of sex factors in the combined development of viral hepatitis C and chronic renal failure were identified with an unfavorable prognosis. An important conclusion was made that, in order to improve diagnosis, it is necessary to follow the algorithm for early diagnosis of viral hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease, who are shown to undergo dialysis, according to the guidelines of KDIGO (Kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes, 2018). First of all, it is necessary to include a test for determining the nucleic acids of the causative agent of viral hepatitis C - the RNA test.
209 The Prediction of Active Crohn’s Disease on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging , Fatma Kulali and Kamil Ozdil Purpose: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC) in the prediction of active Crohn’s disease. Methods: A total of 47 patients (21 [45%] women and 26 [55%] men) with a mean age of 40 years were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and DWI examinations of patients with Crohn’s disease were reviewed. Five intestinal segments were evaluated for simplified MR index of activity (sMaRIA). The estimations of sMaRIA and nADC values were performed for each segment. The diagnostic performances of nADC values and sMaRIA were evaluated for the detection of active Chron’s disease. The relationship between radiological findings and colonoscopy results was analyzed statistically. Results: Among 235 intestinal segments of 47 patients, there were 76 active inflammatory segments. The nADC values of active inflammatory intestinal segments were lower compared to inactive group’s (p < 0.05). Active disease had lower nADC value. For all segments (n = 235), with a cut off value of nADC ≤ 0.75, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy ratio was 89.2%, 98.8%, and 95.7%, respectively (AUROC: 0.981). Higher sMaRIA scores were significantly related to lower nADC values (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The estimation of nADC value with a cut off value ≤ 0.75 is an important predictor for active Crohn’s disease. Especially in patients at high risk for contrast agent administration, nADC value is useful for the detection of disease activity.
210 Acute Pancreatitis After Bariatric Surgery: Case Report and Rare Presentation , Younus Al-Midfai, Darby Oakes, Simrun Uppal and Lopez Carlos A Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory response to the premature activation of pancreatic enzymes causing destruction of pancreatic tissue. The most common risk factors include alcohol use, triglycerides, and gallstones. There have been few documented cases describing an association between bariatric procedures and acute pancreatitis. Herein we present a novel case of AP following a robotic sleeve gastrectomy bariatric procedure. Case Description: The patient, a 28-year-old African American female was seen in the emergency department for abdominal pain. Patient met the diagnostic requirements of acute pancreatitis, however, she had no relevant history of alcohol abuse, normal triglycerides levels, and no gallstones on imaging. The only significant history was a recent uncomplicated robotic sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery. The patient was admitted and treated for acute pancreatitis accordingly with fluids and pain management. She was discharged to home once stabilized. Conclusion: This case report serves as one of the first reported incidences of acute pancreatitis following a bariatric procedure in the absence of additional risk factors. Further research is needed to investigate the risk of developing acute pancreatitis after bariatric surgery and to outline prevention strategies.
211 Pharmacotherapy of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children , Suraj Gupte, Novy Gupte and Sushmita Patil Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), once a domain of adults only, is now being frequently diagnosed beyond first year of life. However, therapeutic approach to its pharmacological management remains debatable. Objective: Putting into perspectives the current concepts with our own observations in the drug therapy of GERD in pediatric practice. Design: Review of recent English medical literature with authors’ own experience in the field. Salient Features: High index of suspicion followed by a therapeutic trial employing an anti-reflux should precede diagnostic test(s) as and when indicated. H2 receptor antagonists, preferably ranitidine, should be the drug of first choice in children. A prokintic, preferably metoclopramide, is helpful in cases where abdominal distention and bloating are predominant. The more potent H2 receptor antagonist, cisapride as also the proton pump inhibitors should be reserved for difficult cases not responding to aforesaid approach. Conclusions: First line treatment of pediatric GERD largely revolves around ranitidine, a H2 antagonist. Metoclopramide, a prokinetic, is helpful as an add-on in case of predominant bloating and abdominal distention. Proton pump inhibitors are now picking up as the preferred choice.
212 The Aubade Inflammation-Actinic Cheilitis , Anubha Bajaj Cheilitis or inflammation of the lips may be engendered due to various reversible, non-reversible and systemic factors. Actinic cheilitis is a chronic, premalignant condition confined to the lip and is associated with proliferation of atypical keratinocytes within basilar layer of mucosal epithelium. Few lesions may metamorphose into squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis) or invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
213 Effect of Dietary Protein Deficiency on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Systems in the Liver of Rats of Reproductive Age Under Acetaminophen-Induced Injury , Нalyna Kopylchuk, Ivanna Nykolaichuk and Маriia Ursatyi In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein deficiency on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme systems - p-hydroxylation, N-demethylation, N-oxidation in the liver of rats of reproductive age under acetaminophen-induced injury. Within this topic, we investigated the content of cytochrome P450 and the rate of its inactivation in the inactive form of P420, as well as the intensity of generation of superoxide anion radical under experimental conditions. During the experiment, the experimental animals consumed a semi-synthetic diet AIN-93 in accordance with the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition. In order to model the alimentary protein deprivation rats received a low-protein diet daily for 28 days, which contained 1/3 of the generally accepted daily requirement of protein. After four weeks of keeping animals on an experimental diet, acute toxic injury with acetaminophen was modelled. The toxin was administered at 1250 mg/kg of animal weight as a suspension in a 2% solution of starch gel once a day for 2 days. We found that acetaminophen toxic injury in the study group of rats leads to an increase in CYP450 and significant activation of microsomal monooxygenases in the liver with a simultaneous redistribution of hydroxylation and oxidation reactions in favor of oxidative N-dealkylation and N-oxidation, accompanied by excessive formation of NAPQI as opposed to non-toxic 3-OH-APAP. At the same time, acetaminophen toxic lesion of protein-deficient animals is accompanied by weakening of detoxification potential of the liver. We have shown a decrease in p-hydroxylase and N-demethylase activity against the background of direct N-oxidation of drug xenobiotic, as evidenced by the growth of N-oxygenase activity. The decrease in CYP450 content under these experimental conditions is associated with an increase in the rate of its inactivation and transition to the inactive form, cytochrome P420. It should be noted that the administration of toxic doses of acetaminophen is a key factor in the intensification of superoxide generation, regardless of the amount of protein in the diet.
214 Foreign Bodies in the Upper Digestive Tract. General Concepts , Julio Camarena The intake of a foreign body (FB) is a relatively frequent, occasionally serious but exceptionally fatal event [1]. The severity and complications they generate in the digestive tract will depend on certain characteristics, such as the size, shape, content, and conditions related to the patient; in addition to the place in the digestive tract where it was impacted, the time elapsed and finally the ability of the endoscopist to extract it. The objective of this review is to offer an overview of the subject, through practical tools that allow to successfully address the extraction of FBs impacted in the upper digestive tract.
215 The Role of the Societal and Economic Securities’ Interrelationship in Influencing Sustainable Food Security in Jordan , Hussein OmarAlKhozahe; Ayman Suliman Mazahreh This study aims to reveal the interrelationship between societal security and economic security and its role in influencing Sustain- able food security in Jordan. Methodology: The study used the descriptive method which depended mainly on describing the actual status of things which was revealed by results of official and unofficial statistical reports issued by institution related to food and community security. Was re- viewed to collect the data. The researchers depend on collecting the data from the main source of Jordanian official statistical reports and bulletins and in- ternational reports issued by (NGO,s) that deal with the issue of societal security and economic security and analyze them to find out a role in the impact on sustainable food security in Jordan. The study has eventually reached a number of several results, the high rate of crimes against money, the economic insecurity represented by the high rate of poverty, unemployment, and low income affect the members of society through their exposure to malnutrition is associated with diseases such as anemia among children and women as well as dwarfism. Conclusion: Poverty, unemployment, high prices, high cost of living and economic conditions are the greatest challenges regarding sustainable food security, and this in turn has affect on societal security.
216 Briefly About Bacterial Biofilms , NF Mutalibova It is known that more than 99% of bacteria exist in natural ecosystems not as free-floating cells, but as biofilms attached to the substrate [1]. According to a number of researchers, the planktonic form can be considered only as a way of moving a microbial cell from one surface to another, that is, a short-term state in the life of bacteria [2].
217 Effect of Breastfeeding Period on Obesity and Hepatosteatosis , Süleyman Coşgun and Derya Ünal Hepatosteatosis, which we frequently observe today with change in lifestyle, is often unnoticed, but preventable and reversible; if not prevented, it can lead to serious comorbidities. One of the factors causing this condition is insulin resistance during the gestation period and diabetes mellitus, particularly because of excess weight that cannot be lost after pregnancy. There are multiple factors, but we investigate the effect of breastfeeding in the process. This study aims to investigate the effect of breastfeeding on non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis in female patients aged 20-40 years old who have given birth. There is contradicting evidence in the literature; we believe that breastfeeding has a protective effect on hepatosteatosis.
218 Bakery Products Enriched with Eruca Sativa Mill Defatted Seed Meal Ameliorates Systemic Markers of Inflammation and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults- A Pilot Study , Eleonora Pagnotta; Andrea Lisotti; Luisa Ugolini; Roberto Matteo; Placido Franco; Giulia Roda; Aldo Roda and Enrico Roda Introduction: Most patients with metabolic syndrome present non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFD). High consumption of fruit and vegetable has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases. Of note, among vegetables, brassicaceae family is at the first place. Therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory disease as well as cancer are evolving and includes biologically active phytocompounds. A sulfur-containing glucosinolate (GLS) secondary plant compounds exclusively present in Brassicaceae- and their breakdown products including isothiocyanates (NCS) have shown to possess important anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic property. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the effects of daily consumption of E. sativa defatted seed meal enriched bakery products on glucose and lipid metabolism and on systemic markers of inflammation. Material and Methods: After an 8-week run-in period, patients were asked for 4 weeks to maintain their usual diet replacing 150 gr. of bakery products with the same number of enriched bakery product. Fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA-r, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, ALT, Gamma-GT, high sensitivity C reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 and TNF-α were compared before and after the study period. Results: HOMA-r showed a statistically significant reduction after 4 weeks period as well as cholesterol ratio 3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.6 ± 1.0 (P = 0.03). Among markers of inflammation, high sensitivity CRP showed a statistically significant reduction (-36.8%) from 1.4 (0.4 - 10.4) to 0.9 (0.4 - 8.7) mg/dl (P = 0.02) as well as TNF-α 8.0 ± 3.0 vs. 7.1 ± 2.7 pg/ml (- 11.3%; P < 0.001). Despite a mild ALT reduction (- 7.0%), Gamma-GT showed a - 21.0% decrease from 20.0 ± 6.6 to 15.8 ± 6.4 U/L (P < 0.001). IL-6 and IL-8 were substantially unmodified. Conclusion: as cracker can improve glucose and lipids metabolism in parallel with a significant improvement of serum Bakery products enriched with Eruca sativa Mill defatted seed meal markers of inflammation and therefore being of interest for patients affected by inflammatory diseases.
219 Clinical Case of Post-Traumatic Thrombosis and Perforation of the Distal Department of the Twelve-Type and As a Consequence of Steering Trial , M Pokydko; B Hrytsko; Y Demchenko and V Ukrainets The article presents a clinical case of traumatic injury of the distal duodenum as a result of blunt abdominal trauma in the form of complete rupture and segmental post-traumatic thrombosis of the proximal part of the small intestine with the analysis of literature data for the diagnosis and choice of surgical correction tactics. Injuries of such localization are relatively rare and account for 0.9-5% of abdominal organ injuries, but complicated diagnostics, lack of standardized surgical tactics and high lethality - from 10 to 40% determine the relevance of the problem for research and sharing of own experience. The method of choice of surgical intervention is mobilization of the retroperitoneal department of the intestine with the imposition of duodenoic anastomosis and disconnection of the gastro-duodenal passage according.
220 Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women and Low Birth Weight , Rodolfo Nuñez-Musa; and Alberto J Nuñez-Sellés The growth of the child during pregnancy is the result of the interaction of socioeconomic elements, demographic background and health of the family and mother with the inherent biological process. Many factors exert their influence, even before pregnancy, leading to physiological changes that determine some disruptions in the way to full fetal maturation. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of many complications during pregnancy including miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, fetal growth and development disarrays and prematurity. Due to an excess of reactive oxygen species, cellular and biochemical damage make up a severe threat to the well-being of the mother and child, since the protection of the antioxidant system is often deteriorated and is incapable to maintain cellular membrane integrity. Oxidative stress causing this harm has been widely evidenced and poorly understood yet. The potential use of supplementation with antioxidants trying to stop or reverse the oxidative damage, still requires a definition of standard diagnostic criteria and a exhaustive understanding of the mechanism of action. The aim of this review is to focus the current knowledge on oxidative stress, oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes.
221 Evaluation of Patients with Intrapulmonary Shunt without Hepatopulmonary Syndrome at the Hepatology Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil , Carolina Augusta Matos de Oliveira; Bruno Barbosa Bandeira; Paulino José do Bomfim Junior; Marcos de Vasconcelos Carneiro; Sandra Barros Cobra; Wladimir Magalhães Freitas and Liliana Sampaio Costa Mendes Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension. It results from the accumulation of vasoactive mediators by the deficit of hepatic clearance, which causes intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, leading to hypoxia. The diagnosis is made by investigating intrapulmonary shunt plus arterial blood gas analysis with PaO2 lower than 80 in patients with chronic liver disease. It does not have the adequate clinical treatment and can be resolved after liver transplantation. The present study aims to observe, among patients with intrapulmonary shunt without HPS configuration, whether evolution to HPS criteria was observed during follow-up. In a hepatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in the Federal District were evaluated 93 patients. The intrapulmonary shunt was found in 45 of them, of which 20 did not meet the criteria for HPS. In these patients, a new arterial blood gas analysis was requested after one year to assess whether there was a change in PaO2. Two died from complications of cirrhosis, five were lost to follow-up, and 13 underwent the examination. Of those who experienced the study, three (23%) began to meet the criteria for HPS. In the statistical analysis, there was no statistical significance of the correlation between the variables studied and the outcome of progression to HPS. Conclusion: Patients with a pulmonary shunt may evolve in the follow-up with a reduction in PaO2, being necessary to identify them and adapt them to the best treatment, which may include the use of O2 at home and liver transplantation.
222 Amyand’s Hernia: Acute Appendicitis in a Non-Incarcerated Right Inguinal Hernia , José Roberto Violatti-Filho and Glênio Fernandes Moraes Amyand’s hernia is considered a rare surgical condition, characterized by the presence of the cecal appendix, inflamed or not, inside the inguinal hernia sac. The authors report a case of Amyand’s hernia diagnosed intraoperatively, in which the proposed therapeutic course was appendicular resection by incision of the inguinotomy and then the approach of the hernia defect by Bassini’s technique. The patient presented satisfactory clinical evolution and was discharged on day-2 postoperatively.
223 Functional Dysfunction is a Mysterious and Beautiful Stranger , Trubitsyna IE; Parfenov AI; Ruchkina I; Papysheva LD; Vasilyeva IS; Efremov LI; Firsova LD; Akhmadullina O; KleschevaTV and Vinokurova LV Functional disorders are based on changes in the regulatory mechanisms that control the vital activity of organs, especially the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of our research was to study changes in physiologically active compounds (PhAC), which are constantly present in the body, but from their concentration and moment depends on the state of the functional state of the cell, tissue, organ. The main regulatory neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Ach), a neurotransmitter in the system of transmission of nerve impulses to the target cell, which interacts with Ach via a receptor and responds by changing its functions. In the body, there are strict mechanisms for regulating the concentration PhAC, physiologically active compounds. This mechanism is based on enzyme/substrate relationships (Figure 2) PhAC, with degrading enzymes PhAC. This mechanism is able to keep the concentration PhAC, at a constant level, regardless of exo- and endo-influences; it was formed long ago, is unique and absolutely conservative. It is believed that at birth each person receives an individual microflora and spectrum PhAC.
224 Comparative Evaluation of the Results of Surgical Treatment of Complicated Giant Pyloroduodenal Ulcers , Stolarchuk EV; Kosenkov AN; Sokolov RA; Bokarev MI; Mamykin AI; Demyanov AI and Shahbanov ME The results of various organ-preserving operations and resection methods of treatment of 130 patients with complicated giant pyloroduodenal ulcers operated at the City clinical hospital named after S. S. Yudin from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed. Among the patients there were 98 (75.4%) men and 32 (24.6%) women aged 20 to 86 years. The median age was 49.3 years for men and 59.4 years for women. All 130 patients had a combination of two or more complications of peptic ulcer disease. In all cases, there was duodenal stenosis or gastric outlet, mostly compensated or sub compensated. In 9 more patients (6.9%), along with stenosis of the exit section of the stomach, perforation of the anterior wall ulcer in combination with bleeding from the posterior wall ulcer was noted. Penetration into neighboring organs or structures was observed in 73 (56.1%) patients. Hemipylorectomy with transverse pyloroplasty was performed in 34 patients with perforating, 25 patients with bleeding giant pyloroduodenal ulcers. Gastroduodenostomy for Finney was performed in 31 patients. In 26 patients, the operation was combined with combined vagotomy and in 5 patients - with bilateral stem vagotomy. Gastric resection was performed in 22 patients: 13 with perforating ulcers and 9 with bleeding giant pyloroduodenal ulcers. In 19 cases, resections were performed in the volume of two-thirds of the stomach and in 3 cases-pylorobulbar resection. Complications in the early postoperative period were observed in 36 of 130 patients (27.7%), 14 patients died (10.7%). Violation of evacuation from the stomach in the early postoperative period was observed in 51 of 130 patients (39.2%). There were no fatalities among patients who underwent organ-preserving operations with vagotomy.
225 Duodenal Leiomyosarcoma Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report , Salma Ouahid; Amine Kessab; Mouna Tamzaourte; Imane Radouane; Sanaa Berrag; Tarik Addioui; Aziz Aourh and Mohamed Oukabli Duodenal leiomyosarcomas are exceptional. Their preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The association of 2 “mass-haemorrhage” symptoms should suggest the presence of leiomyosarcoma. The means of radiological, endoscopic and above all anatomopathological study make it possible to make a positive diagnosis. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction who was diagnosed with duodenal leiomyosarcoma after surgical resection.
226 Morphological Features of Liver Reactivity After Intranatal Dexamethazone Influence , Hryhorieva OA; Bohdanov PV; Guminskiy YY; Pivtorak VI; Kovalchuk OI; Matvieishyna TM; Chugin SV; Tavrog ML; Vovchenko MB and Grynivetska NV Introduction:Morphological peculiarities of liver after dexamethazonne influence on the mother-placenta-fetus system is not well studied. Materials and Methods: The study included the livers of 144 white laboratory rats from 1 to 90 days of life. All animals were conditionally divided into 3 groups: Group I - intact animals, which were born from healthy rats without any dexamethazone administration during pregnancy; group II - control animals, which were exposed to antenatal intrafetal administration of 0.05 ml saline solution on the 18th day of prenatal development; group III - experimental animals, which were exposed to antenatal dexamethazone administration at 18th day of prenatal development. The absolute and relative mass of the liver was calculated. For light microscopy, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Detection of β-D-galactose carbohydrate residues was performed using a Lectin from Ricinus communis Agglutinin (RCA) by standard methods, using standard set of reagents "LectinTest" (Lviv). Quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics of the liver were studied. Analysis of the obtained results was conducted by means of statistical methods with the use of computer license program «Statistica for Windows 13» (StatSoft Inc., № JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results: It was found that in rats after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone morphological changes in the liver are determined within three months after birth, which are manifested by changes in absolute and relative liver mass, as well as the rate of increase in absolute organ mass. The relations between hepatic membranes, vessels, connective tissue, cells of hematopoietic centers change. Changes in the cellular composition of the liver lobes are detected. The introduction of dexamethasone leads to changes in the formation of connective tissue in the liver, namely an increase in the amount of connective tissue in the long-term follow-up. Conclusions: In rats after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone from the 14th to the 90th day there is an increase in the relative area occupied by connective tissue in the liver, reaching statistical significance on the 30th day. In animals after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone on the 1st day of life increases the absolute number of mononuclear hepatocytes in the central, and in the peripheral zone is detected. In the group of experimental animals, after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone there is a decrease in the relative area occupied by PAS-positive structures in the central zone from the 7th to the 21st day. In the peripheral zone, the decrease is more pronounced and is observed during the first three weeks after birth.
227 COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Possible Pathomechanism of SARS-CoV2 Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients , Winarko Luminturahardjo COVID-19 infection has become a global pandemic and has hit almost all countries in the world. SARS CoV2 virus can cause mainly respiratory infection called COVID19, but can also influence another organs, like gastrointestinal system. One of the comorbidities related to the digestive organs is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which is the most common inflammation in the large intestine. The prevalence rate of IBD has recently increased (approximately 400 cases per 100,000 person/years in 2020) mainly related to low fiber diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and the influence of environmental factors, such as air pollution. The mechanism of the relationship between COVID19 infection and IBD is still not widely known. Several theories explain that genetic factors, direct infection with the SARS-CoV2 virus, inflammation, the influence of the gut microbiota, and COVID19 therapy are suspected of having effect on the worsening of IBD. Through this article, the author would like to describe some of the pathomechanism reviews of the influence of COVID19 infection on patients who have experienced IBD. By knowing the right pathomechanism, it is hoped that medical personnel can handle cases of patients with IBD who experience COVID-19 infection and can further reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.
228 Acute Pancreatitis in Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Case Report , Jessica Abou Chaaya; Nourhane Obeid; Ali Abdallah; Mona Hallak Objective: This paper aims to describe the presentation of acute pancreatitis secondary to acute mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with major weight loss. Method: We present a case report and briefly review the literature. Results: A 16-year-old female patient with a recent history of weight loss presented with acute onset of vomiting and abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis secondary to superior mesenteric artery syndrome attributed to anatomical change caused by the loss of the fat pad between the mesenteric artery and the duodenum. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis can be caused by superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with weight loss. This paper can present clinical awareness and prompt early diagnosis in these patients.
229 Don’t Forget the Zebras: Similarities and Challenges in a Simultaneous Diagnosis of HIV and Crohn’s Disease , Gabriela Redivo Ströher; Alexandre Curi Ferraro; Jean Rodrigo Tafarel and Larissa Luvison Gomes da Silva Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are diseases with opposite pathophysiology and rarely occur in the same individual. Studies have suggested that HIV might have a role in mitigation and even remission in IBD symptoms. However, due to the low prevalence of diseases occurring at the same time and scarce cases described in medical literature no major studies have been able to fully demonstrate this correlation. Thus, we present the case of a patient with the simultaneous diagnoses of HIV and Crohn’s Disease (CD) for the purpose of discussing the similarities in their presentation and challenges in their investigation.
230 Chronic Heavy Metal Exposure Causes Alterations in Hemopoises, Hematological Indices and Liver Biomarkers among Artisans and Petrol attendants in Jos, Nigeria , Bot YS; Sugun WY; Bot DY and Bala NY Background: Artisans such as Welders, Battery repairers, Carpenters, Tin miners and Petrol station Attendants generate oxide dusts and fumes of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) in the cause of their unregulated activities; and are exposed to these fumes either through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. This study aims to determine the blood Cd, Pb and Cr levels and their effects on some hematological parameters and liver Biomarkers among Artisans in Jos. Methods: Blood samples were collected from workers who were all males (n = 400), drawn from Welders, Battery repairers, Carpenters, and Petrol station Attendants with age ranging from 15-60 years, with control group (n = 200) with age range of 28-49 years. The duration of exposure was limited to between 1-8 years only. Fifteen milliliters (15ml) of blood samples were collected into 3.2% Tri sodium citrate tubes and its plasma used for Prothrombin time test and Partial Thromboplastin time with Kaolin; and into Potassium Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid tubes for Hemoglobin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Platelets, and White Blood Cells and Differential counts; and also 10ml of blood into plain tubes for Biochemical markers assay respectively. Serum for Biochemical assays was stored frozen at -20oC pending analysis. Analysis was performed using standard methods. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 23 and student t-test to compare means between control and study groups. Results: Statistically high levels of hematological parameters were seen among exposed participants when compared to the non-exposed (control group);and a concomitant rise in values of serum Biochemical Biomarkers among exposed individuals. All of these findings correspond to significant increase in blood Cd (p < 0.05, 1.81 ± 0.008) and p < 0.05, 0.34 ± 0.00); Pb (p < 0.050, 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.03 and 0.80 ± 0.04) and Cr (p < 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.02) among welders, car painters, battery repairs and petrol attendants respectively. Conclusion: We therefore concluded that blood Cd, Pb and Cr levels indicate higher absorption of these metals among welders, car painters, battery repairers as well as petrol attendants in Jos,which directly impaired liver function, causing disruption of red cells production and disintegration. Regular monitoring of these heavy metals’ levels, liver function tests and routine hematological tests among occupationally exposed individuals is strongly advocated.
231 The Use of Probiotics in the Eradication Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori , Bulent Koca Heliccobacter pylori (HP) is a bacterium with a high incidence, especially in developing countries. It can be detected at a high rate even in people who do not have gastric complaints. It is involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis, ulcer, gastric lymphoma and gas- tric cancer. The European Maastricht V/Florence consensus state- ment stipulates accordingly that any person with H. pylori infec- tion should undergo treatment to eradicate [1]. Today, triple or quadruple therapy based on PPIs combined with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is recognized as a first-line treatment of H. pylori.
232 The Role and Importance of Healthy Nutrition in the Treatment of Gastritis , Duygu KIRKIK Stomach is a organ that plays role in digestion, secretion, motility, intoxication and absorption functions. pH of stomach pH changes between 0.9 - 2.0 [1]. Gastritis is known as the inflammatory reaction of the stomach wall from the mucosa to the serosa. Inflammatory lesions can be acute erosive gastritis or chronic atrophic gastritis [2]. The basic principle in treatment of gastritis is that reduce the amount of stomach acid (antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, etc.) and to treat the underlying disease (stress/acute gastritis, H. Pylori infection, B12 deficiency, etc.). Oral supplementation of B12, iron and folic acid are recommended for the treatment of clinical symptoms in the early stages of pernicious anemia caused by autoimmune atrophic gastritis.
233 Influence of Carbohydrate Metabolism Compensation on the Heart Failure Development in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Obesity , OM Bilovol, II Knyazkova, IP Dunaіeva and NA Kravchun Background: Arterial hypertension, especially in combination with diabetes mellitus, which significantly increases the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, with hypercholesterinemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, is the main risk factor for the premature development of atherosclerosis, which generally leads to the development of severe long-term cardiovascular adverse effects. The aim of this study was to determine the state of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and its possible impact on the development of congestive heart failure, its progression in patients with hypertension and obesity. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive examination of 34 patients with arterial hypertension and obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, 32 patients with AH and type II DM, 36 patients with AH and obesity, and 30 patients with AH has been carried out. The Control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals without arterial hypertension and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Results: The examined groups of patients did not differ significantly in age, gender, history of myocardial infarction. In the Control group, the subjects were younger and did not suffer from hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. At the same time, very pronounced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with different variants of comorbid pathology have been identified. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate metabolism in the studied groups of patients showed that comorbidity of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity leads to significant shifts. Metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to lead to impaired energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes due to insulin resistance. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance have a general pathogenetic effect on its progression in patients with cardiovascular pathology, lead to the summation and potentiation of cardiovascular risk.
234 Severe Acute Hepatitis Associated with Hemolytic Anemia: Rare Manifestations of EBV infection: Case Report , Houda El Moufid, Kenza Kissi, Ahmed Sqalli Houssini, Abderrazzak Ajertil, Kaoutar Znati and Mohammed Mohammadi Introduction: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is widespread with more than 90% of sero-positive adults worldwide. Case Report: A 28-year-old young woman was admitted for acute hepatitis with jaundice secondary to hemolytic anemia. The biological results were compatible with severe acute viral hepatitis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The diagnosis of acute EBV infection was confirmed by serological markers, and indirect histological signs of viral infection on liver biopsy. Conclusion: Although common, liver damage is generally mild with transient increase of serum transaminases, cases of severe hepatitis as well as autoimmune hemolytic anemia are rare. We report this case to draw attention to the unexpected severity of liver damage from this virus.
235 A Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Patients of the Bonadea Hospital , Mutalibova NF and Guliyeva MZ Comparative analysis of the etiological structure and antibiotic resistance of infectious agents isolated from various sources. High rates of growth of multiple antibiotic resistance of bacteria actualize the problem of antibiotic therapy of nosocomial infections. In this article, the etiological structure and resistance properties of bacteria obtained from various sources have been studied. Based on the data obtained, it is recommended to develop protocols for empirical antibiotic therapy for each specific hospital.
236 Prevalence and factors associated with active H. pylori infection among the asymptomatic population and dyspeptic patients in Mwanza North-western Tanzania , Hyasinta Jaka, Andreas Mueller, Stephen E Mshana and Christa Kasang Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the commonest gastroenterological infection in the world. Studies have documented the magnitude of H. pylori infections to be high in developing countries where the living conditions are poor. This study has provided the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated factors among asymptomatic and dyspeptic patients in Mwanza, North - Western, Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among dyspeptic patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania, and asymptomatic individuals in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania between August 2014 and September 2019. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was done using rapid stool HpSA antigen test and data analysis was done using STATA version 13. Results: The study included 353 dyspeptic patients with a median age of 40 (IQR 30-51) years and a total 349 asymptomatic individuals with median age of 25 (IQR:21-29), p = 0.001. With excpetion of gender, significant differences were observed among other social-demographic factors among the two groups. H. pylori infection was significantly more in the dyspeptic patients than in asymptomatic population (60.3%, 95% CI: 55.2-65.4 vs. 46.3%, 95% CI 41-51.5, P = 0.001). More than two person in the household (OR: 1.62, 95%CI: 1.00-2.62, P < 0.048), being employed, (OR: 4.84, 95%CI: 2.08-11.24, p-value < 0.001), being a farmer (OR: 3.77,95%Cl:1.60-8.88, p-value < 0.002) and being a businessman (OR: 3.05, 95%CI: 1.44-6.46, p-value < 0.003) independently predicted H. pylori infections among dyspepetic individuals while only being married was independent predictor of infection (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.05-2.89,P = 0.031) among asymptomatic population. Conclusion: H. pylori infections is significantly more in dyspeptic individuals and is predicted by multiple social demographic factors. H. pylori infected individuals were more likely to develop erosion and ulceration. Due to increase in H. pylori antibiotic resistance, there is a need to further investigate the susceptibility patterns of these strains for the purpose of establishing the appropriate empirical treatment guidelines to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. Based on the results from this study, we suggest that public health authorities should focus on preventive measures against H. pylori infection.
237 Biliary Stent Migration Revealed by Rectal Bleeding: A Case Report , Benhamdane Ahlame, Addajou Tarik, Aourarh Benayad, Sair Asmae, Mrabti Samir, Berraida Red, El Koti Ilham, Rouibaa Fedoua, Benkirane Ahmed and Seddik Hassan Background: Endoscopically deployed biliary stents are a well-established method for dealing with biliary diseases. Stent migration is a rare complication, most common with plastic stents. In most cases, the symptoms are abdominal pain, the clinical presentation with rectal bleeding remains an unusual situation. Case report: We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient, was admitted to our department with choledocholithiasis. She underwent an ERCP. Cholangiography revealed a large stone > 15 mm. The endoscopic sphincterotomy was complicated by active bleeding not managed by standard endoscopic hemostasis methods, leading to the indication of a covered metal stent of 6cm/10mm. Three days later, the patient complained of abundant rectal bleeding. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed that the biliary stent had migrated in the coecum. The case was managed by colonoscopic removal of the stent. Conclusion: Biliary stents are the gold standard method for managing malignant and benign biliary obstructions. However, they are also subject to complications including stent migration. Consequently, adequate monitoring of patients after ERCP is important.
238 MRI-PDFF as a New Paradigm in the Longitudinal Follow-up of Patients with Liver Steatosis , Liliana Sampaio Costa Mendes and Wenderson Werneck Xavier Barroso Background: Hepatic steatosis linked to metabolic syndrome (MS) can lead to liver fibrosis, decompensation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (HCC). However, the focus of attention is usually on accessing hepatic fibrosis rather than accessing inflammation, when it would be more possible to intervene and minimize consequences. Objective: Put into perspectives the current new concepts in liver steatosis and diagnose image methods for steatosis with liver Ultrasound (US), computerized tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and other noninvasive marks of liver fibrosis and steatosis and the relationship of improvement in liver steatosis inflammation. Design: Review of recent medical literature about the new concepts in Metabolic Association Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), new non-invasive diagnostic features for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the impact of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) trials in access the improvement in liver steatosis and the correlation with improvement in histologic liver inflammation. Salient Features: There is a correlation between improvement in liver steatosis accessed by MRI-PDFF and improvement in liver histologic NASH. Conclusions: MRI-PDFF has established itself as a reliable standard for longitudinally assessing hepatic steatosis, as it is accurate, non-invasive and because variation in fat percentage correlates with NASH resolution and hepatocyte ballooning, being a new paradigm to predict response in NASH trials. Furthermore, a focus on resolving inflammation is likely to be associated with better outcomes in NAFLD and MAFLD.
239 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A Paradigm Shift in Perioperative Care. Review Article , Jesús Velázquez Gutiérrez and Morella Vargas Useche Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERASÒ) is a multimodal protocol applied to perioperative care. These protocols are implemented by a multidisciplinary patient-centered team, incorporating outpatient clinical staff, nurses, anesthesiologists, post-operative recovery staff, nutrition staff, physical therapists, social workers, and surgeons. Regardless of the surgical subspecialty, all ERASÒ protocols share the same objectives: preoperative optimization of the patient, reduction of perioperative stress, maintenance of post-operative physiological function, and accelerated recovery time after surgery. ERASÒ protocols are designed to reduce the response to surgical stress, facilitate the maintenance of body composition and organ function to achieve early recovery.
240 Transarterial Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Liver Metastases , Arybzhanov DT, Gantsev SHKH and Rysbekov MM The treatment of gastric cancer remains an urgent problem in Oncology. One of the unresolved problems in the treatment of gastric cancer remains the patients with liver metastases. With the development of interventional radiology, it became possible to treat gastric cancer patients with liver metastases. The objective of the Research: Improving the treatment outcomes of gastric cancer patients with liver metastases by using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods: We analyzed the results of 60 patients for the period 2008-2020, who sought medical attention due to metastatic liver disease, previously they received the combination therapy at various times. The average age of patients was 58.1 ± 5.8 years. When planning TACE, the general condition of all patients was over 80% according to Karnofsky Performance Status, according to ECOG 1-2. All patients underwent TACE of metastatic foci of the liver with the use of Lipiodol (6-8 ml) + Doxorubicinum (25 mg/m2). The interval between TACE cycles was 1.5-2 months. Each patient underwent 5-6 courses of TACE. The Outcomes and its Discussion: Immediate results showed the treatment efficacy after 2 courses of TACE in 49 (81.7%) patients: partial regression - 36 (60%) patients, significant regression - 13 (21.6%) patients, stabilization of the process - 11 (18.3%) patients. The case follow -up showed the following results: 37 (61.7%) patients lived for 6 months, 24 (40%) patients lived for 12 months, 11 (18.3%) patients lived for 18 months, 8 (13.3%) patients lived for 24 months, and only 3 (5.0%) patients lived for 36 months. Median survival was 15.5 ± 1.2 months. Conclusions: The immediate and long-term results of the research, performing TACE in gastric cancer patients with metastases was effective in 50% of cases. The case follow -up for 3 years showed that 37 (61.7%) patients lived for 6 months, 24 (40%) patients lived for 12 months, 11 (18.3%) patients lived for 18 months, 8 (13.3%) patients lived for 24 months, and only 3 (5.0%) patients lived for 36 months. At the same time, the median survival was 15.5 ± 1.2 months. Currently, to improve the survival and quality of life of gastric cancer patients with metastases, the technique of transarterial chemoembolization can be considered as an effective, low-toxic method of treatment and it can be the method of choice.
241 Modern Possibilities of Interventional Radiology Methods in the Treatment of Patients in Cancer Center , Arybzhanov DT, Gantsev Sh Kh, Rysbekov MM, Besedin BV, Saburov AR, Isametov DR, Yun VV, Adilov Sh R and Zhumagulova AK This article presents an analysis of the immediate and long-term results of interventional radiology methods in oncological practice at the premises of South - Kazakhstan Regional Oncologic Dispensary for a 17-year period (2004-2020). Since 2004, the first attempts to introduce intraarterial chemotherapy for cervical cancer have been started in South- Kazakhstan Regional Oncologic Dispensary. Currently, the specialists of Regional Oncologic Dispensary widely perform such endovascular (interventional) operations as: angiography, regional intraarterial chemotherapy, chemoembolization, placement of infusion port systems, percutaneous drainage of bile and urinary ducts, etc. For 17 years (2004-2020), in Shymkent, there were treated more than 3700 patients with tumor diseases of various localization using endovascular methods. Currently, about 300 endovascular procedures are performed annually in City Cancer Center, more than 150 of them are performed as tertiary health care. The immediate and long-term results of the use of X-ray surgical methods of treatment in cancer patients showed that the control over recurrent glioblastomas was achieved in 72% of patients up to 18 months. As the initial stage of treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, intraarterial chemotherapy allowed the completion of radical therapy in more than 73% of patients. After treatment of patients with lung cancer by X-ray surgical methods, the 5-year survival rate was 14.3% (p < 0.05). The 7-year survival rate was 11.4% (p < 0.05). The 10-year survival rate was 5.7% (p < 0.05). In liver cancer, the one-year mortality began to decrease intensively from 2007 for the period from 2008 to 2018, the one-year mortality of patients decreased by 32.4%. The total mortality of patients over the past 10 years has decreased by 2 times (5.7 per 100 thousand of population in 2004, and in 2018, this indicator was 2.5 per 100 thousand of population). Thus, X-ray endovascular methods of diagnosis and treatment in oncological practice may and should be widely used in order to improve the treatment outcomes, prolonging survival and improving the quality of life of oncologic patients. The use of such highly specialized methods of treatment makes it possible to meet the requirements set by the head of state and the government in the field of modern healthcare development and to maintain a course aimed at studying, supporting and widely introducing advanced technologies for the treatment of serious cancer patients
242 Intestinal Tuberculosis in a Patient with Cushing’s Syndrome: A Case Report , Johanne Myrrh E Soriano, Rene A Amadore, Roy Raoul H Felipe and Lovell B Gatchalian A 39-year-old woman presented with cushingoid features was worked up and diagnosed to have ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome. Computed tomography of the whole abdomen revealed a left adrenal mass. She was scheduled for elective laparoscopic left adrenalectomy; however, a few days prior to the procedure, the patient had hematochezia and was admitted earlier than scheduled. Colonoscopy revealed multiple ulcers on the terminal ileum, to which biopsy and gen expert revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The patient underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy on the same admission, which revealed adrenal adenoma on histopathology.
243 Hepatic Abscess: Presentation of Two Cases Hepatic Absceso: Presentation of Two Case Reports , Danny Fernando Silva Cevallos, Linda Quinteros Pacheco, Kevin Anthony Suarez Reyes, Juan Salazar Flores, Diana Salazar Flores, Jhuleydi Cumanda Chuncho Romero, Edison Pascual Moreno Rivas and Fernando Silva Michalon Amoebic and/or pyogenic liver abscess is a localized process of encapsulated suppurtive material. Although it is associated with figures of mortality 2-12%, figures that are increasing perhaps due to the delay in diagnosis or treatment [1]. Amoebic liver abscess is the most common form, the most endemic areas are tropical, subtropical countries [2]. Risk factors are associated with male gender, third and fifth decade of life, alcoholism, oncological diseases, immunosuppressants. Se classify according to their anatomical location, segment or depth, number of single or multiple lesions, portal, biliary, contiguous infection pathway. Infections are usually caused by bacteria or amoebas, although they can be caused by Equinococcus and fungi. Amoebic liver abscess and pleural empyema are serious complications of intestinal amebiasis, as well as opportunistic bacteria, requiring pharmacological treatment or surgical drainage. The amoebic liver abscess is the invasion of the liver, from an intestinal focus by Entamoeba histolytica, is produced by hematogenous dissemination, through emboles through the portal vein is 7 to 10 times more common in adult males [3]. Pyogenic liver abscess, bile duct infections such as cholangitis and cholecystitis is the most frequent cause, among other pyogenic cholangitis, intrahepatic lithiasis, parasite infections in the bile duct, in fewer incidences underlying diseases such as diverticulitis, perforated or penetrating peptic ulcer, endocarditis, foreign bodies in the wall of the colon [4]. The preferred location is in the right lobe, as a result of greater blood flow, the lesions can be single or multiple.
244 Investigation of Optical Density of Venous Blood Plasma in Acute Intraabdominal Infection in the Experiment , Andrii I Shurma and Fedir V Grynchuk Background/Aims: Recognized laboratory criteria for acute intra-abdominal infection, in particular, general blood test, C-reactive protein, are nonspecific and insufficiently informative. We previously reported on the results of venous plasma optical density (ODVBP) measurements in emergency abdominal surgery. But the examined patients differed in the type of disease, sex, etc. Therefore, we conducted experimental studies to substantiate the possibility of using such a criterion. Methods: 60 white nonlinear mature rats of both sexes, 180 to 200 g weight. To simulate acute intra-abdominal infection, intra-abdominal injection of 10 ml of 10% solution of autofaeces per 100 g of weight was performed. Blood from the jugular vein and pieces of peritoneum for histological examination was taken. The studies were performed before simulation, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after simulation. ODVBP was examined on an Agilent Cary 100/300 Series UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Healthy animals were monitored for control. Results: In healthy animals at a wavelength l = 310 nm there is a specific maximum ODVBP, reaching 0.22 units. After simulation of acute intra-abdominal infection and the occurrence of serous peritonitis, there was a statistically significant increase in ODVBP at this wavelength. After the onset of purulent peritonitis, ODVBP also increased statistically significantly. Subsequently, after the spread of inflammation to the deep tissues of the abdominal wall, ODVBP was at a high level and statistically significantly exceeded the control values.
245 Study of the Role of Fas-Mediated Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood T-Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus , Lugovaya AV, Mitreikin VPH, Kalinina NM Introduction: It is known that impaired activation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in certain subpopulations of T cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The key point in the initiation of CD-1 is the resistance to apoptosis of activated autoreactive T-lymphocytes, which migrate from the bloodstream to the pancreas and are actively involved in the destruction of b-cells. It has been established that the Fas/FasL system plays a central role in maintaining peripheral autotolerance and tissue homeostasis of the body. Fas-mediated apoptosis is induced by binding of the Fas (CD95/APO-l/TNFRSF6)-receptor to the Fas(CD95L/CD178/TNFSF6)-ligand on the respective cells. Triggering the expression of cell surface Fas receptors (Fas) regulates the elimination of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes by apoptosis. To date, most of the results on the study of Fas-mediated apoptosis in T1DM have been obtained in experiments in vitro. There is no doubt that autoimmune changes in vivo are more profound, and the extrapolation of effects detected in the in vitro system to the body is not always valid. The Aim: of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fas-mediated apoptosis of T-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with T1DM depending on the phase of compensation and the duration of the course of the disease, as well as in individuals with a high risk of developing T1DM. Material and Methods: We examined 63 patients with a reliably established diagnosis of T1DM and 15 people with a high risk of developing T1DM. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, comparable in sex and age to patients with T1DM. Biomarkers of Fas-mediated apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with T1DM and those at high risk of developing T1DM were studied. The surface expression of the Fas receptor in individual subpopulations of T-lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. The concentration of soluble forms of the Fas receptor (sFas) and Fas ligand (sFasL) in the blood serum of the examined patients was studied by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: It has been established that in patients in the decompensation phase of T1DM, inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis of autoreactive CD95+ cells occurs with the participation of the soluble form of the Fas receptor (sFas-soluble Fas). When carbohydrate metabolism is compensated, apoptosis of lymphocytes is observed along the Fas pathway with the help of a soluble form of the Fas ligand (sFasL-soluble FasL). In the compensation phase of T1DM and in individuals at risk, an increase in the content of sFasL was revealed. This probably has a protective value, since, according to the literature, sFasL is involved in the removal of autoreactive CD95+ cells in the peripheral blood. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate a pronounced dysregulation in the Fas/FasL system, which is observed at all stages of the development of T1DM. The study found that the regulation of the FasL/Fas system affects the tropism of autoreactive T cells to islet antigens in patients with T1DM, and that Fas-induced death of β-cells mediated by T lymphocytes plays a significant role in the development and progression of T1DM, both in the latent stage and at the stage of advanced clinical manifestations of the disease.
246 Modern Approaches in the Treatment of the Prevention of Liver Echinococcosis , Ruzibaev RY, Yakubov FR and Sapaev DSH The results of diagnostics and treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis were analyzed for the period from 2010 to 2020. The follow-up amounted to 59 patients with recurrent liver echinococcosis.The acid-forming function of the stomach was analyzed in 34 patients who were on inpatient treatment for liver echinococcosis. Indicators of secretion were reliably biased towards hypoacidity.We examined 31 families of patients. The total number of examined was 93. In 66,7% of family members who had previously been operated on for echinococcosis, reduced acidity was found.This indicates that the risk of infection with echinococcosis is much higher in a hypoacid state than in normoacidic or hyperacidic gastric juice.A method of using drugs based on albendazole in the preoperative period, as well as to prevent relapses in the postoperative period, has been developed and proposed. The analysis of the incidence of liver echinococcosis in all districts of the Khorezm region was carried out.In all areas , especially in the most endemic ones, sanitary and educational activities are carried out both among the population and among the medical staff of regional clinics. Conducted interconnection with the veterinary service of the region, as well as with the sanitary and epidemiological bodies.The proposed method for applying Decasan residual cavity treatment and ultrasonic cavitation has shown impressive efficiency due to the lower number of relapses.
247 Clinical Significance of Biliary Sludge , (Maj Gen) Atul K Sharma Biliary sludge and microlithiasis appear to be stages of the same metabolic disorder, diagnosed differently; sludge by its typical features on ultrasonography and microlithiasis by microscopic examination of bile collected from the duodenum or common bile duct. Biliary sludge is typically echogenic without any acoustic shadowing; seen as low-level echoes that shift and layer in the dependent portion of the gallbladder; whereas microlithiasis is diagnosed by polarizing light microscopy; under which these crystals are found to have rounded contours and black centres due to scattering/absorption of light.
248 Colorectal Cancer Burden and Screening Practices in Brazil: A Qualitative Study on Perceptions from Published Authors , Sphindile Magwaza; Guido Van Hal and Muhammad Hoque Background: The study describes the views on colorectal cancer (CRC) burden and screening programmes from the perspectives of published authors located in Brazil and compare those with the South African perceptions as both countries are members of emerging economic partnership with China, India and Russia named “BRICS”. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling, targeting authors of published papers on CRC from peer-reviewed journals located in Brazil, that were identified through search engines including PubMED.gov, research gate, Academia and Web of Science. A SurveyMonkey was used and only nine participants from Brazil responded. Poor response rate was due the second wave of covid19 infection. Results: Most participants from Brazil, agreed on the statement that CRC was one of the top five cancers in their country. Population based cancer registry are used as the main sources of data in Brazil. The factors affected CRC screening mentioned included a lack of CRC screening policy; high cost of CRC screening; country size limiting access to services; scarce resources; CRC as not a national priority; high demand placed from Universal Health Insurance and inaccessibility to private health care. Conclusion: The study highlights multi-facet factors affecting access and effectiveness of CRC screening create opportunities for collaboration related to surveillance, demand creation; innovative screening methods and future research.
249 Energy Alterations in Patients with Abdominal Pain , Huang WL Introduction: Abdominal pain is an important symptom that brings the patient to the doctor and it deserves the care in evaluation. A skill physician can identify the cause of abdominal pain from the history in 80 to 90% of the cases and to achieve this purpose, it is very important to understand the physio pathogenesis of the formation of abdominal diseases that can produce pain. In traditional Chinese medicine, abdominal pain can come from energy deficiency and formation of internal Heat (the cause of this pain). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate another form of physiopathology to produce abdominal pain that we cannot search by any form of laboratory or radiological exams, because they are related only to energy alterations inside the human body, that it is not visible by the naked eyes. Methods: Through two cases reports of women (65 and 39 years old) respectively with abdominal pain with no cause. They both did all the laboratory exams, abdominal ultrasound. The first patient was also submitted to a surgery because the physician thought it could be acute appendicitis but even with surgery, the patient still continues to have pain. The second patient also have abdominal pain and was using many kinds of pain killers and only worsening her case after the use of this kind of medications. They both went to my clinic to evaluate the possible cause of pain in the abdomen. I did the measurement of the energy of the internal five massive organs according to traditional Chinese medicine (Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs and kidney). Results: All organs were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight. It was instituted the avoidance of all highly concentrated medications and the treatment consisted in changing the dietary aspects according to Chinese dietary counseling (studying the energy of each food) and they both were treated using auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting and systemic acupuncture. It was used homeopathy medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medications. They improved the abdominal pain symptoms only using this kind of therapy and no need to do any surgery. Conclusion: This study is that there is another modality of abdominal pain caused by energy deficiency in the five internal massive organs ( that is affecting 90% of the population that I am attending in my clinic in Brazil and could be happening in the whole world) and this kind of pain should be included nowadays as one possible cause of abdominal pain because they come from energy deficiency with formation of internal Heat, the cause of this problem and the treatment rebalancing the internal energy and replenishment the energy of these organs is of paramount importance to treat the cause of the pain and not using only pain killers.
250 The Fate of Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Anal Stenosis Presenting as Acute Bowel Obstruction; A Case Report , Indah Jamtani; Adianto Nugroho; Rofi Y Saunar; Aditomo Widarso and Taslim Poniman Anal stenosis occurs in 1.5-3.8% of post-hemorrhoidectomy cases. Post-hemorrhoidectomy anal stenosis accompanied by acute bowel obstruction is extremely rare. We present a 55-year-old lady with acute bowel obstruction after undergoing hemorrhoidectomy procedure. Examination under anesthesia revealed a macerated perianal area with no detectable anoderm layer, and the anal mucosa was adhered cranially, causing an apparent narrowing of the anal canal. We decided on a staged repair. Debridement of the perianal area was performed, and sutures from the overzealous hemorrhoidectomy were removed. We left the wound open for secondary healing with a diverting sigmoid colostomy. Anal stricture developed as the wound healed, and a rhomboid flap anoplasty was done six months after the first surgery. Routine anal dilatation and biofeedback were performed before closure of the ostomy three months after anal reconstruction. Although relatively a low-risk procedure, hemorrhoidectomy could cause debilitating complications. Anal stenosis is a devastating, life-altering complication of an overzealous hemorrhoidectomy.
251 Acute Pancreatitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , Nurhasan Agung Prabowo; Hana Indriyah Dewi; Adhiziti Naluriannisa Edya Nugraha; Rianita Marthasari and Basundara Aditya Hernawan Introduction: Severe upper abdominal pain is one of the symptoms of acute Pancreatitis that often appears in other diseases such as peptic ulcer, acute hepatitis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Acute gallstone-induced Pancreatitis has considerable morbidity and mortality. A good anamnesis and physical examination can help establish a more precise diagnosis and management. Case: A 50-year-old male came to the emergency room with a significant complaint of severe abdominal pain in the right upper abdomen for three days that was getting worse. VAS score 8-9. The history of the disease is previously unknown. Blood pressure when coming 141/102 mmHg, pulse 98 x/ min, temperature 36.4ºC. Abdominal CT scan results obtained the results of images of Pancreatitis and multiple stones in the cystic duct. Serum amylase and lipase results were very high at 1897 U/L and > 3000 U/L. Patients were then referred to the digestive surgery department on the 2nd day of treatment for further treatment. Discussion: Acute pancreatitis caused by gallstones is usually caused because stones get stuck in the branching of the pancreatic duct. Obstruction at the site causes bile reflux into the pancreatic duct. Small gallstones increase the risk of Pancreatitis because they move quickly between the bile ducts. In this patient, it is suspected to have had a previously unknown history of DM, which is one of the causes of worsening the condition. Conclusion: Early diagnosis enforcement is essential in acute pancreatitis cases because it will affect patients' initial management of emergencies. Initial management includes fluid resuscitation and detection of local and systemic complications, and decision-making for procedural intervention measures.
252 Antidiabetic Drugs: Their Hepatoprotective and Hepatocarcinogenic Effect , Mona A Amin and May Tolba Fawzi Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM), with insulin resis-tance, is an established independent risk factor for HCC, as reported in multiple observational studies and subsequent meta-analyses.Current evidence suggests that there may be interplay between obesity, DM, and tumorigenesis, with insulin resistance and hy-perinsulinemia playing critical roles.Given the significant link of DM with the risk of HCC, the use of antidiabetic medications may modify DM and reduce the risk of cancer as shown in recent research. So, the aim of this review is to illustrate the hepatocarcinogenic and hepatoprotective effects of antidiabetic medications on HCC.
253 Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Comprehensive Review , Wani Mubashir; Mehraj Sharik; Wani Ahad; Shafi Aamir and Ifrah Riaz Hepatic encephalopathy is a reversible disorder seen in patients with advanced cirrhosis. It is manifested by wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities which occur due to accumulation of toxic substances specially ammonia in the brain. The common triggers include constipation GI bleeding infection, TIPS etc. it is seen in 30 to 45% of patients with cirrhosis. Presence of liver disease together with factoring out other causes of altered mental status is essential for diagnosis of HE. Management includes proper identification and treatment of underlying cause of underlying cause. Antibiotics like rifaximin, metronidazole are often given empirically to take care of infections. In addition osmotic laxatives, L-ornithine and L-aspartate (LOLA) are also used to decrease the levels of ammonia. Feacal microbiota transplant is gaining significant progress in the management of refractory hepatic encephalopathy.
254 A Case Report of Dysentery Caused by an Unusual Shigella Isolate from South India , Lakshmi Shanmugam; Kamali Doss; Soundarya Rajamanickam; Niranjan Biswal and Jharna Mandal Background: Shigellosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among children less than five years (under-5 children). Available literature report Atypical serotypes of Shigella flexneri from various parts of the world. At present, there are 17 serotypes in S. dysenteriae, 6 serotypes and 14 subserotypes in S. flexneri, 20 serotypes in S. boydii and a single serotype of S.sonnei, 2 phases and 5 biotypes (a, b, e, f and g). Here, we report a strain of mannitol non-fermenting S.flexneri serotype 4 in a one-year-old girl child presented with high-grade fever and loose stools. Clinical Description: A one-year-old girl child with a known history of absence seizures presented with high-grade fever and loose stools for two days, about 8-9 episodes per day, foul-smelling, mucoid in nature, stained with fresh blood, and abdominal pain. The child also had 2-3 episodes of vomiting, non-bilious, non-blood-stained and contained food particles. Stool sample was plated onto MacConkey agar (MAC) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD agar) and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 16-18 hours.Non lactose fermenting and red colonies were seen in MAC and XLD respectively which was identified subsequently as Shigella flexneri by serogrouping, but was a mannitol non fermentor. The isolate was found to harbour multiple virulence genes by PCR. Conclusion: The child was continued on oral cefixime for 10 days but has not improved following which she was started on Inj. Ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days and the child improved and discharged subsequently.
255 Colonoscopic Removal of Foreign Body: A Case Report , Daniel Ferreira Paiva; Isabella Garlati Inocencio; Maíra Bianquim Torrezan; Thalita Ruba Carpanezi Barbosa; Murilo Folharini Catalano and Hugo Samartine Junior The volunteer ingestion of foreign bodies is a common practice in pedriatric patients and adults with psychiatric disorders or under the efects of alcohool and drugs. The most different foreing bodies may be in the any portion of the gastrointestinal path - cecum and colons are rare - and passive for surgical removal, endoscopical or espontaneously. The colonoscopic removal is the safest and cause less morbi-mortality.
256 Gastroenterology Clinic and Related Challenges in Covid Era-Mini Review Article , Keron Akintola Ayodele Blair; Precious Pedersen; Mahnoor Aitzaz Khan; Syed Sami Iqbal Ahmed; Ahmed Abdullah; Ibrahim Khalil; Adnan Ali; Masooma Afridi; Muhammad Usman Shareef; Huda Ijaz; Fatima Saqib Rashid; Nadeem Iqbal and Amna Khan The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effect on the healthcare dynamics and operational activities. This also involved the much important department of Gastroenterology care. Adapting safe distancing measures for outdoor patient care, such as modification of waiting areas to create safe distancing between patients, reduction of crowding in closed areas, managing judiciously the waiting times and motivating patients to wait outside premises of the hospital or clinic wherever feasible. Most effective tool can be the telemedicine consultations made by video phone calls. The aim of this review was to delve into this important aspect in the current literature on both the direct repercussions of catching COVID-19 on the delivery of quality services in Gastroenterology clinics during the restrictions of pandemic.
257 Neuroendocrine Tumor of Terminal Ileum - Case Report , Ramalho DW; Mazzini lR; Júnior HS; Camargo JGT and Mazzini H Neuroendocrine tumors are malignancis associated or not with hormonal changes, presenting indolently. It has a variable incidence according to the type of study, but usually 0,28-0,8:100.000 [10] is observed, but it may be even rarer depending on its location. The aim of this study is to report a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the small intestine diagnosed by unusual methods.
258 The Cannulated Amalgamation-Tubular Adenoma , Anubha Bajaj Tubular adenoma is denominated as a neoplastic polyp associated with low grade epithelial dysplasia. Preponderantly emerging within colon, tubular adenoma may configure as a precursor to invasive adenocarcinoma of colorectal region. Singular tubular adenoma is characteristically associated with an estimated < 25% villous component. Tumefaction may be incidentally discerned upon colonoscopy [1,2]. Enhanced consumption of fruits, dietary fibre or folate decimates proportionate metamorphosis of tubular adenoma or possible emergence of conventional colorectal adenoma [1,2]. Tubular adenoma is commonly encountered in individuals >50 years wherein disease incidence is enhanced in elderly individuals. A male predominance is observed. Generally, lesions are common within left colon comprising of left half of transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon and sigmoid colon along with rectum [1,2]. Tubular adenoma exhibits a distinctive spectrum of metamorphosis from adenoma to carcinoma comprised of genetic mutations within KRAS, TP53 and APC genes besides β-catenin. Genetic mutations of KRAS appear preponderant in tubular adenomas [1,2].
259 An Update on Hepatitis D Virus in Pakistan , Zain Majid1, Nishat Akbar and Nasir Hassan Luck Hepatitis B and C are deadly diseases that have plagued our world for over 50 years. Hepatitis D, though discovered later on, infects around 15 million people globally. Every year the world hepatitis day is observed globally on the 28th of July. We through this letter wish to educate the masses about hepatitis D virus and its impact not only worldwide but to the Pakistani population as well
260 Lesser Omental Cyst in Adults: A Rare Intraabdominal Pathology and Literature Review , Mahim Koshariya, Vankadoth Vamshi Nayak, Rahul Rao Rathod, Sourabh Mishra, Bhoomika Agarwal and Shivangi Pandey A lesser omental cyst is a rare entity that commonly presents as an abdominal lump. Its incidence is more in the pediatric age group than in adults. In adults, females are affected more than males. Ultrasonography abdomen and CT scans are mainly the tools for pre-operative diagnosis of omental cysts. Complete excision is the treatment of choice for omental cysts. Recurrence and malignant transformation are rare complications. We report a 45-year-old lady who presented with abdominal lump. CECT whole abdomen was done pre-operatively. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and an omental cyst was diagnosed intra-operatively. Complete excision was done and post-operative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.
261 Early Third Trimester Termination of Pregnancy in Case of Severe Preeclampsia with IUGR , Aklima Sultana Liza, Sirajun Noor Rosy, Kawsar Sultana and Jahangir Alam Pre-eclampsia is a multi-systemic disorder whose cause remains unknown and is unique to human pregnancy. It is the major culprit in many births related adverse outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction. In this study, we observed the demographics, mode of delivery and pregnancy outcome of 49 patients that were admitted to our hospital with severe pre-eclampsia and IUGR. Most common age group of study subjects were found to be between 18-25 years (n = 22) while pregnancies were usually terminated after crossing 34 weeks gestation (n = 22). More than half the patients had to undergo caesarian sections (n = 27) followed by spontaneous vaginal delivery in 19 cases. Eleven cases needed medications for termination of pregnancy using mifepristone alone (9.1%), mifepristone followed by misoprostol (63.6%); and intrauterine catheter in combination with mifepristone or misoprostol (27.3%). A minimum of four hours and a maximum of 49 hours were spent between induction of labor and the delivery of the fetus. The overall survival rate of the fetuses was 77.6%. If predicted early and managed adequately, feto-maternal morbidity and mortality can be reduced among severe cases of pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction.
262 Hydrocele of Canal of Nuck in an old woman: A Case Report , Bharat Mani Banjade and Prakriti Kunwar Background: The hydrocele of canal of Nuck is a rare condition. Mostly reported at a younger age and it is often misdiagnosed with other groin swellings. Due to its rarity, there are no standard treatment guidelines. Case Report: Sixty years old lady presented with features of right side irreducible inguinal hernia. On exploration, it was consistent with type 1 hydrocele of canal of Nuck. And it was managed by hydrocelectomy. Conclusion: The hydrocele of canal of Nuck is rare and often diagnosed at a younger age group. We may find this condition in older women above 60 years of age. Treatment of type 1 hydrocele of canal of Nuck is open hydrocelectomy.
263 Colonic Lymphoid Aggregate Histology Is Associated with Gut Microbial Flora Content in Symptomatic Patients with Normal Colonoscopy , Chiara Del Greco and Paul H Hartel Colonic lymphoid aggregates in patients without colonic pathology and normal colonoscopic findings have been associated with persistent diarrhoea in a subset of patients. These lymphoid aggregates are not consistently reported by pathologists. We evaluated lymphoid aggregates in 40 symptomatic patients from otherwise normal colonic biopsies with normal colonoscopy findings to determine the relationship between clinical and pathologic parameters including any associations with normal colonic microbial flora. We found that the presence of gram-negative cocci, short bacilli and long bacilli were associated with larger more well-circumscribed lymphoid aggregates than other microbial flora combinations. For some patients, specific colonic microbial flora content may be associated with lymphoid response and symptoms.
264 Some Aspects of Angiogenesis of the Main forms of Gastric Cancer , IS Grekov and EA Seleznyov At present, the study of the characteristics of tumor vessels is of great interest for understanding the patterns of tumor growth, and in practical terms, it makes it possible, taking into account the characteristics of the blood supply, to identify prognosis criteria and choose the optimal type of therapeutic measures, including the suppression of angiogenesis. Tumor vessels differ from normal vessels in their distribution, structure, and function. Features of the morphology of blood and lymph vessels affect the invasiveness, metastasis of the tumor and the prognosis of the disease. Much attention is now paid to the differences between lymphatic vessels and blood capillaries under light microscopy. There is evidence that high lymphatic density is associated with lymph node metastases and worse patient survival, particularly in gastric cancer. Therefore, scientific developments are aimed at determining specific markers for both the endothelium of the lymphatic and blood vessels, which will further help in the timely diagnosis of the pathological process.
265 Some Aspects of Angiogenesis of the Main forms of Gastric Cancer , IS Grekov and EA Seleznyov At present, the study of the characteristics of tumor vessels is of great interest for understanding the patterns of tumor growth, and in practical terms, it makes it possible, taking into account the characteristics of the blood supply, to identify prognosis criteria and choose the optimal type of therapeutic measures, including the suppression of angiogenesis. Tumor vessels differ from normal vessels in their distribution, structure, and function. Features of the morphology of blood and lymph vessels affect the invasiveness, metastasis of the tumor and the prognosis of the disease. Much attention is now paid to the differences between lymphatic vessels and blood capillaries under light microscopy. There is evidence that high lymphatic density is associated with lymph node metastases and worse patient survival, particularly in gastric cancer. Therefore, scientific developments are aimed at determining specific markers for both the endothelium of the lymphatic and blood vessels, which will further help in the timely diagnosis of the pathological process.
266 Preoperative Transarterial Chemoinfusion in the Treatment of Patients with Gastric Cancer , Arybzhanov DT, Gantsev ShKh and Sburov AR Nowadays, the technique of intra-arterial chemotherapy in primary patients with gastric cancer can be considered as an effective, low-toxic method of treatment. Preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy may be the method of choice for improving the survival and quality of life of patients with gastric cancer. Nowadays, results of the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) are still unsatisfactory. With the development of modern catheters and angiographic devices, regional chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer has become more often used in clinical practice. Goal of the research: Improving the response to treatment of patients with gastric cancer using regional intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIAC). Materials and methods: There were analyzed short and long-term results of combination therapy of 110 patients with gastric cancer for the period of 2005-2020. The average age of patients was 59.2 ± 4.3 years old. The incidence of neoplastic process according to the TNM classification was as follows: T3N0M0 - 37 (33.63%) patients, T3N1M0 - 41 (37.27%) patients and T3N2M0 - 32 (29.1%) patients. Histologically, various forms of adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in all patients All patients underwent the first stage of neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIAC) according to the DPF scheme (Docetaxel 75mg/m2 + Cisplatin 75mg/m2 + Fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 on the 1st day), it comprised 2 cycles with an interval of 28 days, and then, there was performed surgery. Results and their discussion: Short-term results of RIAC showed the effectiveness of treatment after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant intra-arterial regional chemotherapy; 93 (84.5%) patients showed partial regression, 17 (15.5%) patients showed stabilization of the process. These patients underwent radical surgery with the second stage of combination therapy - extended gastrectomy with D2 lymphodissection. The medicinal pathomorphosis of 1-2 grade was represented in 34 (30.9%) patients, pathomorphosis of the 3rd grade was represented in 38 (34.5%) patients, pathomorphosis of the 4th grade - 9 (8.1%) patients. The case follow-up showed the following results: 9 (8.1%) patients lived for 6 months, 63 (57.2%) patients lived for 12 months, 59 (53.3%) patients lived for 18 months, 57 (51.8%) patients lived for 24 months, 47 (42.7%) patients lived for 36 months, 41 (37.2%) patients lived for 48 months and 35 (31.8%) patients continue to live for 60 months or more. Median survival was 51.8 +1.5 months. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant RIAC in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer was effective in 84.5% of patients. In 42.6% of patients, there was represented therapeutic pathomorphosis of 3-4 grade. The 3 and 5-year survival rates were 42.7% and 31.8%, respectively. Median survival was 51.8 +1.5 months
267 A Novel Approach to the Laparoscopic Appendectomy , Andreas Edenberg The laparoscopic appendectomy has been around for more than 20 years and is still one of the most common procedures in general surgery. We present a novel approach to trocar placement that can potentially reduce operating time compared to the tradi- tional technique. 12 patients were operated with appendicitis with this technique here. Average operating time was 17 minutes. No adverse events were recorded.
268 Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Who Underwent Tevar and Wedge Gastrectomy for a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report , Eulemia Nolasco and Mary Anne B Andres Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for about 1-3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and are the most com- mon mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract [1]. This is a case of a 42-year-old male with a known thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm who came in with massive amounts of hematochezia. A suspicious aortoenteric fistula was noted in the initial CT angiogram which prompted the patient to undergo TEVAR. After the TEVAR, the patient underwent an esophagogastro- duodenoscopy that revealed a submucosal mass. Promptly, a laparoscopic surgery was done revealing 2 arteries feeding the mass, a wedge resection was made thereafter. Histopathology of the mass revealed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The pa- tient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful for major complications. Pathology reports showed a complete surgical resec- tion (R0); the tumor was diagnosed as gastric GISTs in the very low-risk/low-risk category, and adjuvant chemotherapy was not necessary according to the NCCN guidelines. At onemonth post-operative follow-up, no symptoms were referred by the patient.
269 Autoimmune Features of the Development of Renal Amyloidosis in Children , Rakhmanova Lola Karimovna1 and Rakhmanov Akramjon Muzaffarovich In this article, the authors reviewed the literature, as a result, it was revealed that the pathogenesis of autoimmune diathesis, rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid nephritis in children has a general immunopathological nature. However, autoimmune dia- thesis is an important risk factor for the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis and the subsequent development of renal amyloidosis based on immunopathological reactions in these patients
270 “What’s the Deal with Clostridium Difficile?” , Samuel M John, Adrian Gavre, Yasmin Abu-Abed and Karan Shah Introduction: Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile is a serious infection associated with deaths and hospitalizations. According to the Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) Prevention, Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile infections (CDI) can be labeled as a threat to healthcare. The introduction of novel agents onto the market have prompted changes in the way we treat CDI, providing clinicians with more robust options, as evidenced by updates to clinical practice guidelines. Discussion: Exposure to antibiotics (i.e., clindamycin, penicillins, cephalosporins, etc.) are associated with the highest risk in the development of CDI. Presentation can range on a spectrum from asymptomatic carrier to episodic diarrhea to more serious cases such as shock which can lead to death. A proper understanding of risk factors, eliminating unnecessary medications, identifying correct methods in the diagnosis of CDI can help clinicians properly treat patients with the goal to eradicate the infection and prevent recurrence which can lead to a decreased quality of life for the patient. Conclusions: The approach to the management of CDI in both healthcare institutions and the community involves a coordinated effort between patients, pharmacists and physicians. The recent updates to the guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) highlight the value of two novel agents fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in treating CDI and its importance in prevention of hospitalizations and recurrence. The economic factors associated with these newer agents and its cost-effectiveness continues to be evaluated through clinical studies.
271 Life - Long Lessons of COVID , Assem Babbar Although the pandemic is not over yet, we have become somewhat accustomed to new ways of life and we as human beings continue to learn every day. Taking time to reflect on the past year, the pandemic has taught the world countless lessons that we will carry with us for the rest of our lives. The pandemic has created a sense of resilience among people around the world and has emphasized the importance of communities, friendships and family. It has taught us that, together, we can overcome the challenges that come our way, and that appreciation for even the smallest things in life should not be lost.
272 Gastric Cancer Incidence at the Kyrgyz Republic , Makimbetov E, Kamarli ZP and Tumanbaev A Stomach cancer (SC) remains one of the most common diseases in the world. Almost more than 1 million cases are registered annually. In the vast majority of countries, the incidence of SC in men is 2 times higher than in women. The incidence rate varies quite widely-from high rates in Asian countries and low rates in North America, Africa. In this original paper we demonstrated the incidence rate of SC at the former Soviet Union country (Kyrgyz Republic). We analyzed the state of incidence rate in Kyrgyzstan in 462 patients with stomach cancer during 2017. The registered cases of SC were additionally provided with data on the total and sexual population of the studied region. Age-specific or age-specific indicators of morbidity in a certain age class are calculated as the ratio of the number of cases of SC in this age class to the corresponding population multiplied by 100 000. Standardized incidence rates were determined by the direct method of standardization of morbidity rates using the world standard population. In the structure of oncological morbidity of the population of Kyrgyzstan in 2017, the first place was occupied by SC with an intensive (crude) rate of 10.0 per 100 000 population. The highest incidence of SC was registered in the Naryn region-19.6 per 100 000, and the lowest-in the Batken region (5.5). High incidence age specific rates were also noted in the age groups 55-59 and 60-64 years (48.6-58.0 per 100 000, respectively). Incidence rate of SC in male was 2 times high comparing female-22.7 and 10.5, respectively. This results obtained make it possible to form groups of increased risk for stomach cancer and optimize preventive measures.
273 Macromicroscopic Anatomy of the Lymphoid Formations of the Vaginal Vestibule and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts and Human , Shadlinsakaya SV, Aliyeva NH, Huseynov BM Introduction: Regardless of the organ belonging, lymphoid formations of organs are considered the source of many diseases. However, the lymphoid structures of the vaginal vestibule and intrahepatic bile ducts are poorly understood. The available information about these structures is very brief and does not meet modern requirements. The aim of the study was to obtain complex macromicroscopic data on the lymphoid apparatus of the vestibule of the vagina and intrahepatic bile ducts in humans. Materials and Methods: Lymphoid formations of the vestibule of the vagina and intrahepatic bile ducts were studied on the corpses of 56 people of different ages. On total preparations, lymphoid formations were studied according to the Hellman T method. In addition, the microanatomy of lymphoid structures was studied on microscopic preparations. These preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, according to van Gieson, azur-2-eosin, alcian blue, according to Kreyberg. Results: The structural analysis performed showed that the vestibule of the vagina and intrahepatic bile ducts have developed lymphoid apparatus. Lymphoid structures on total liver preparations after elective staining are detected as dark (mainly dark blue) structures. Microanatomical methods determine all morphogenetic forms of lymphoid formations - lymphocytes in the epithelium, diffuse lymphoid tissue, lymphoid nodules. In the walls of the vestibule of the vagina there are lymphoid nodules located near the small glands. Cells of the lymphoid series are always located near the excretory ducts of the glands. Cells of the lymphoid series of the vestibule of the vagina singly or in the form of lymphoid clusters, as well as in the form of strands, are located in the stroma of the initial sections of the glands, in close proximity to glandulocytes. The diffuse lymphoid tissue of the liver is mainly located around the bile ducts and next to the small veins. Lymphoid nodules of the intrahepatic bile ducts do not have centers of reproduction. We have revealed microsyntopic relationships between cells of the lymphoid series (microassociations of cells). All lymphoid formations of the vaginal vestibule and intrahepatic bile ducts are represented by the same type of lymphoid cells with a significant predominance of lymphocytes, numerous plasma cells, macrophages, and reticular cells. Cells with signs of mitosis, a few mast cells are always determined: cells in a state of degeneration. Conclusion: Lymphoid formations of the vestibule of the vagina and intrahepatic bile ducts are represented by diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid nodules, located mainly near the small glands of the vestibule of the vagina, around the bile ducts and next to the small veins.
274 Surgical Care for Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumours , Patnala Mohan Patro Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for less than 1% of GI tumors, but they are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the GI tract [1]. GISTs are usually found in the stomach or small intestine but can occur anywhere along the GI tract and rarely have extra-GI involvement.
275 The Long-term Effect of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats , Murali Adiga Memory is the process of gathering information from the world around us, processing it, storing it and later recalling that information. Many medicinal herbs used in Ayurveda to boost memory, sleep, immunity, learning and to relieve stress. Among these, Bacopa monnieri (BM), commonly called Brahmi, has been shown to be very useful in improving learning and memory. In our study, we are trying to establish the long-term consequences (either beneficial or adverse) of varying concentrations of Brahmi leaf extract powder (BM) in adult rats. Adult male Wistar rats of 10-12 months old used for this study. 10% and 20% BM diet is prepared using commercially available Brahmi (BM) powder. Rats were assigned to 3 month and 6 month treatment groups. Each rat in the given diet group was fed the designated BM diet (10% or 20%) daily for 3 months and 6 months duration and compared with the negative control. After the test duration, rat learning and memory is tested by T-maze and Passive avoidance tests. In the 3 month and 6-month treatment group, during the T-maze spontaneous alternation test, animals treated with the BM (10% and 20% showed significantly higher numbers of alternations and showed lesser percentage bias in comparison to NC rats. During the T-maze rewarded alternation test, rats treated with BM extract showed a significant increase in the percentage of correct responses when compared to the NC rats. In the passive avoidance tests, no significant change observed in behaviour during exploration trial. But, during the retention trial, rats treated with BM diet (10% and 20%) spent less time in the smaller compartment, suggesting improved memory retention. In both 3 month and 6 month diet groups, same pattern was observed. These results clearly prove that BM extract improved learning and memory in rats.
276 Kidney Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis C , Sander BQ, Veríssimo AR, Maiolini R, Maiolini CPTB, Siqueira RS, Tomazelli LJ, Rezende FA, Tinoco NB, Alvariz ES, Tosta Jr FV, Vidal MFP, Portela E, Neto e Silva GJT, Daghastanli AA, Fraga MG, Palma LGR, Coila WC, Daud BJDD, Nóbrega G, Silva M, Lobato ICCC, Povoa N, Gonçalves DM, Silva Neto FM, Dias MF, Rocha LVD, Espirito Santo BCC and Machado AEV Introduction: Hepatitis C is a worldwide health problem. Between 1999 and 2017 there are 587,821 confirmed cases of viral hepatitis in Brazil with the following distribution: Hepatitis A: 164,892 (28.0%); Hepatitis B: 218,257 (37.1%); Hepatitis C: 200,839 (34.2%); Hepatitis D: 3,833 (0.7%). An association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and mixed cryoglobulimeia in renal disease has been described with type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritid being the most common renal impairment. Hepatitis C is a disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus, a flaviviridae RNA virus. HCV was identified by Choo and colleagues in 1989 in the United States. This condition is a major cause of liver-related morbidity, accounting for over 1 million deaths as a result of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. It has a chronic and insidious character. Objective: To report and discuss information from scientific articles that directly or indirectly treat renal manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis c. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the Pubmed database using two different capture strategies, which involved the use of the “MeSH Database” tool applying in the search field the terms: " Hepatitis C " and " chronic Kidney disease " and the “Related Articles” tool. The articles captured by both strategies were considered for reading, as well as the articles cited in their bibliographic references. Conclusions: After careful reading of the selected articles, it can be seen that the established and direct relationship between hepatitis C and chronic renal failure, particularly pseudomembranous glomerulonephrephritis due to cryoglobulin deposition. It was clear that chronic kidney disease, especially dialysis, is at increased risk for hepatitis C virus infection and, in addition, patients with chronic hepatitis C have as one of the extrahepatic manifestations the chronic kidney disease due to cryoglobulinemia.
277 Comparative Characteristics of the Prevalence of Autonomic Dysfunction and Depressive Disorders Among Sexually Active and Inactive Foreign Students of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya , Kucherenko Oksana and Chaika Hryhorii The prevalence of depression among physicians ranks third at 9.6%. In the first place (11.3%) people, whose work is related to the care of people with limited mobility, elderly and sick people, nannies who take care of small children; in second place are catering workers (10.3%) [3,5,7]. The risk of developing depression among scientists, architects and engineers is 4.3%. That is why physicians and other healthcare professionals need to know about the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders from the very beginning of their education [1,4,12]. A person who is depressed cannot concentrate, his memory worsens, anxiety grows, self-esteem decreases, suicidal thoughts may appear. This condition significantly impairs the quality of life and perception of the world [2,8,9,18,31]. The purpose of the study was to identify clinical psychopathological features of somatized depressive disorder and autonomic dysfunction among sexually active foreign students compared with students without a sexual debut of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya (NPMMU, V). An anonymous survey of 198 medical foreign students of the 4th year of NPMMU, V has been conducted using a questionnaire that included 25 questions on various aspects of the sexual life of the respondents. The analysis of the obtained results of the study was carried out on the basis of the computer programme “Statistica 6.1” using nonparametric methods to evaluate obtained results. It has been established that among medical students the percentage of dysthymia - 78.78% and autonomic dysfunction - 38.9%.
278 Tuberculosis of the Large Bowel Mimicking as Colon Cancer in a Young Patient , Imdad Ali, Zain Majid, Nishat Akbar, Ghazi Abrar, Shoaib Ahmed, Shahrukh Reza Sanjani, Abdaal Wasim and Nasir Luck A young male being evaluated for abdominal pain, weight loss and altered bowel habits, was evaluated with initial workup being unremarkable and later on found to have raised ESR (64 mm/hr) and a positive PPD. Lower GI endoscopy revealed a mass lesion in the transverse colon, which was completely obstructing the lumen. Biopsies were taken and showed findings suggestive of tuberculosis.ID review was taken and he was started on ATT, 1 month post therapy, he had a remarkable recovery with regaining of his lost weight and appetite.
279 Complete Mesocolic Excision Via Med to Lateral Approach in Open Right Hemicolectomy and the Benefits of this Approach , Tamer M El-Gaabary, Ghada Morshed and Sameh M Samir Background: The common approach used in open right hemicolectomy is lateral-to-medial approach (LA). With the start of minimal access techniques, laparoscopic surgeons used the medial-to-lateral approach (MA). Aim: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the medial to lateral approach in patients who underwent right open hemicolectomy with total mesocolic excision and the benefits of this approach. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study included 20 patients with cancer right colon. Results: Mean operative time was 68 minutes (range 53 minutes - 70 minutes), the colon was successfully transected in all patients, no postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred, and pathologic assessment revealed free distal margins and circumferential margins for all patients. Conclusion: In the current study, MA provided short operative time and low blood loss, safe total meso rectal excision in open right hemicolectomy and it is considered an improvement over the previously used LA approach.
280 Festered and Amassed - Crohn’s Disease, Anubha Bajaj Crohn’s disease is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of astrointestinal tract which incriminates upper and lower bowel segments in discontinuity and engenders transmural inflammation. Additionally designated as terminal ileitis, granulomatous interocolitis or regional enteritis, segmental, patchy bowel inflammation is commonly confined to ileum, colon or upper gastrointestinal tract. Characteristically, chronic or active colitis is associated with non caseating granulomas, transmural lymphoid aggregates and fissuring ulcers.
281 Porphyria: Clinical Manifestations at the Junction of Gastroenterology and Neurology. Case Report, Vadym Pashkovskyi, Anatolii Sorokin, Larysa Tereshchenko and Tetiana Pashkovska Porphyrias belong to groups of metabolic diseases that develop as a result of genetic defects in enzyme systems of heme biosynthesis. However, some variants of porphyria are acquired due to possible intoxications and liver diseases. Disruption of porphyrin metabolism is unique to all types of this disease, as a result of which the content of porphyrins and their precursors increases in various organs and systems .The course of these diseases is characterized by a common triad: abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric disorders and neuropathy
282 Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: Clinical Characteristics, Maxim N Peshkov and Igor V Reshetov Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor (SPTP) is a rare heterogeneous pancreatic tumor with multicentric growth and low malignancy potential, with favorable prognosis after surgical treatment. A small percentage of patients exhibit aggressive behavior. The histogenesis of these epithelial neoplasms remains unclear, although it is likely that they originate from pluripotent immature cells of the ancreas. Grade criteria for SPTP have not been established. The prognosis of SPTP is generally favorable, with patients having a chance of long-term survival even with relapses and/or metastases after radical surgery. The tumor is usually large and invariably a capsule. The diagnosis in most cases is based on symptoms of compression, pain, or detection of a palpable mass, while in about 20% of patients, detection is «incidental» during abdominal imaging performed for other conditions. CT and MRI are not always sufficient to distinguish this tumor type with certainty from other cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, such as pseudocysts, parasitic cysts, and congenital cysts. Cytological examination in most cases allows the diagnosis of SPTP. The malignancy of these neoplasms is not high and is determined by capsular invasion, proliferation of lymph nodes and, only in rare cases, metastases to the liver and peritoneum. Surgical treatment should be radical, since a malignant neoplasm can only be determined by postoperative histological examination. This article reviews the clinical, pathological and visual characteristics of solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor (SPTP) used in routine clinical practice. Keywords: Pancreas; Solid Pseudopapillary Tumour; Malignancy; Metastasis; Pancreas; Surgery; Multicentric Lesions; Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm; CT
283 A Modern Approach to the Detection of COVID-19 in Oncological Patients in Pandemic Conditions, Karlygash N Tazhibayeva , Galiya E Kaldygozova , Almas N Ormanov , Assel D Sadykova , Bolat B Daurenov , Alizada F Kuliev and Aiman A Mussina Relevance: Ra is common COVID-19 began in the whole world at the beginning of 2020, and one of the most vulnerable subgroups of the population were identified oncological diseases. The purpose of the study: to study the risk of recurrence of COVID-19 in the subtype of swollen face in malignant diseases. and conduct monitoring with the help of the created registry “Can COVID” в г. Shymkent (Turkestan region). Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Swelling
284 Elimination Diet to Reduce Inflammatory Marker (Uric Acid), Priti Nanda Sibal A 31-yrs-old male visited with a complaint of high Uric acid and was on steroid Wysolone 20 mg once daily (5days), Tab Zycolchin 0.5mg twice daily, Zyloric 100 and 300 mg on alternate day after 2 weeks, Ancoxib 60mg twice daily on SOS basis. He was having toxic looks and body was swollen. Energy level was very low and stressed as he lost his job. Family had a history of stroke and hypertension. His lifestyle was sedentary but he used to exercise a little 5 days in a week. He used to sleep for 6-7 hours but felt restless while sleeping. His stress levels were very high and couldn’t control his anger or irritation.
285 What Do All Digestive Diseases Have in Common?, Huang WL Introduction: Since 2010, I am studying the energy of all my patients with diverse diseases in all age groups. Purpose: This study is to demonstrate that all patients with any kind of gastroenterology disease has in common energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs (Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidney) according to the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: Through the review of articles studying the energy alterations in patients with gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, ulcerative reticulitis, Chron’s disease, gastroesophageal cancer, etc. Results: What all have in common are energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs and the treatment of these conditions treating the symptoms and not the cause will reduce even more these energies that were proven very low and can worsen the energy deficiency and worsen the symptoms instead of improvement. Conclusion: This study is to show that all kinds of gastroenterology diseases have in common energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs and the use of treatment to rebalance and replenish the energy of these organs will improve the cause of the formation of these diseases and not just treating the symptoms. Keywords: Liver; Heart; Lungs; Kidney
286 Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: Clinical Characteristics, Maxim N Peshkov and Igor V Reshetov Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor (SPTP) is a rare heterogeneous pancreatic tumor with multicentric growth and low malignancy potential, with favorable prognosis after surgical treatment. A small percentage of patients exhibit aggressive behavior. The histogenesis of these epithelial neoplasms remains unclear, although it is likely that they originate from pluripotent immature cells of the pancreas. Grade criteria for SPTP have not been established. The prognosis of SPTP is generally favorable, with patients having a chance of long-term survival even with relapses and/or metastases after radical surgery. The tumor is usually large and invariably a capsule. The diagnosis in most cases is based on symptoms of compression, pain, or detection of a palpable mass, while in about 20% of patients, detection is «incidental» during abdominal imaging performed for other conditions. CT and MRI are not always sufficient to distinguish this tumor type with certainty from other cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, such as pseudocysts, parasitic cysts, and congenital cysts. Cytological examination in most cases allows the diagnosis of SPTP. The malignancy of these neoplasms is not high and is determined by capsular invasion, proliferation of lymph nodes and, only in rare cases, metastases to the liver and peritoneum. Surgical treatment should be radical, since a malignant neoplasm can only be determined by postoperative histological examination. This article reviews the clinical, pathological and visual characteristics of solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor (SPTP) used in routine clinical practice. Keywords: Pancreas; Solid Pseudopapillary Tumour; Malignancy; Metastasis; Pancreas; Surgery; Multicentric Lesions; Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm; CT
287 Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Medical Research, Sergiy Karachentsev and MRCSEd Most researchers agree that the main general goals of research are description, understanding/explanation, and, from there, prediction. Numerous studies have been constructed into the field of research on human services, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and, in some instances, a combination. In these notes I cast a brief look over the concepts of qualitative and quantitative research from a methodological perspective with the aim to encourage researchers to start employing a full range of instruments to explore and understand the phenomenon of interest.
288 Prevalence of Constipation and its Relationship with Dietary Habits Among College Going Girls in the Age Group of 18-25 Years of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Joyeta Ghosh , Poulomi Sanyal , Khusboo Singh2 , Sudrita Roy Choudhury and Samarpita Koner Constipation is one of the most prevalent digestive system problems and is characterised by an increase in bowel frequency, too few and infrequent movements, difficulty passing waste, and hard, strained faeces. Constipation can result from a variety of causes, including environmental, psychological, hereditary, and others. Approximately 40% of individuals globally experience digestive problems like diarrhoea, constipation, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with prevalence rates of 4.7%, 11.7%, and 4.1%, respectively, according to a large-scale multinational study based on online surveys. Additionally, gastrointestinal conditions like IBD, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis have been associated with bowel motion. Extreme bowel motions (constipation or frequency) could therefore be a sign of various diseases or gastrointestinal issues. The present study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of constipation among college-going girls (18-25 years old) and the relationship between constipation and dietary practices. It is one observational and descriptive in nature, and was limited to college- going female students between the ages of 18 and 25 years who live at Kolkata, West Bengal. The data was collected through an online survey using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire using a random sampling technique and the sample size of 300 was achieved. Among the respondents 19% were found to be suffering from constipation. There is a strong statistical correlation between constipation frequency, daily dietary pattern, and food habits. According to the study’s findings, constipation is frequently caused by stress and an unhealthy lifestyle. Thus, in conclusion the college girls are experiencing constipation and the regular healthy eating habits, including foods high in fibre in the diet, and drinking adequate water can be effective treatments for the same. Keywords: Constipation; Bowel Movements; Lifestyle; Defecation Difficulty; Eating Habits; Dietary Fibres
289 Experience of Using Sodium-dependent Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors in Comorbid Patients in Real Clinical Practice, Kravchun NO, Dunaieva IP and Kravchun PP Inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2i) are drugs that protect against cardiovascular diseases and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 of various age groups with the presence of comorbid pathology and numerous complications. The huge number of achieved results may vary in different cases, but already existing data prove the importance and necessity of prescribing such innovative drugs as SGLT2i. So far, the effectiveness and necessity of using SGLT2i has been proven not only in patients with type 2 diabetes, but also in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease without diabetes. The Aim of the Study: An analysis of the long-term results of the influence of combined therapy with dapagliflozin and metformin on the state of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, indicators of liver tests and synthetic liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes, representatives of the Ukrainian population, who have signs of high cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, of whom 34 were men and 26 were women. The average age of the patients was (57.52 ± 0.96) years. 39 (65.0%) patients had diabetes of moderate severity, 21 (35.0%) had severe diabetes. 11 patients (18.3%) received combined therapy including insulin. Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes included adherence to dietary recommendations, namely, nutritional correction and the appointment of tableted oral hypoglycemic agents: dapagliflozin in a daily dose of 10 mg and metformin in a daily dose of 1500 to 2000 mg; 11 patients were additionally prescribed insulin therapy in addition to the oral ypoglycemic drugs. Determination of the level of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein etabolism, indicators of liver tests, and liver synthetic function were performed in all patients. Results: Long-term treatment with dapagliflozin in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with a high cardiovascular risk has proven its effectiveness. A significant improvement in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism indicators, liver test results, and liver synthetic function was established in the treated patients. Conclusions: The expediency and effectiveness of using the combination of the drug dapagliflozin in combination with metformin as a long-term glucose-lowering therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes with comorbid pathology and high cardiovascular risk have been substantiated. Keywords: Comorbid Patients; Type 2 Diabetes; High Cardiovascular Risk; Sodium-dependent Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors
290 Post-vaccination Comparative Studies of the Dynamics of Antibodies Neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 Virus During Vaccination with Various Vaccines in Kazakhstan, JM Bekshin , M Rysuly , AT Abishev , GK Akhmetova and AS Sadvakas Post-vaccination measurement of the level of antibodies neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus (NA) in blood serum is a marker for monitoring the effectiveness of immunity formation [1,2]. In 4 groups of 462 patients, a comparative study of the neutralizing effectiveness of antibodies was carried out with single and double administration of CoronaVac brand vaccines (SynoVac), VeroCell (Sinofarm), Sputnik-V (GamCovidVac) and domestically produced QazVac (QazCovid-in). Of the 462 vaccinated subjects examined for NA, 46 recovered from COVID-19 and 416 were not infected with the SARS CoV-2 virus. The latter were included in the present study. In 34 (8.2%) patients, threshold values of NA were not found in the blood serum after vaccination. The Chinese-made vaccines Vero- Cell and the Kazakhstani manufacturer QazCovid (Research Institute for Biological Safety of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan) had practically the same indicators of post-vaccination immunogenicity. Keywords: Vaccines; CoronaVac (SynoVac); VeroCell (Sinofarm); Sputnik-V (GamCovidVac); QazVac (QazCovid-in); SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Antibodies; Quantitatively; Coronavirus-19
291 Features of Calcium Homeostasis Among Patients with Malabsorption Syndrome on the Background of Chronic Kidney Disease, Zub LO, Shkarutyak AY and Buzdugan IO Today, data on the role of factors of non-microbial etiology that form the combined pathology of the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract, remain scarce. Calcium homeostasis, which according to the medical literature plays an important role in the progression of renal pathology, especially when it is impaired among patients with malabsorption syndrome due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Aim: The research was to study the processes of calcium homeostasis among patients with malabsorption syndrome on the background of chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods: 99 patients with malabsorption syndrome (MAS) on the background of CKD were examined. Patients were divided into groups: Group I (25 people) - Stages 1 and 2 of CKD without MAS; Group II (26) - Stages 1 and 2 of CKD with MAS; Group ІІІ (23)- Stage 3 of CKD without MAS; Group ІV (25) - Stage 3 of CKD with MAS. According to the morphological study of in vivo biopsies of the small intestinal mucosa, mild and moderate morphological changes were observed among all patients. The level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, as well as calcium in the urine were detected. At the same time, the level of calcium-regulating hormones in the blood - parathyroid hormone and calcitonin - was studied. The Results of the Research: Pathological changes in calcium metabolism were observed among patients with malabsorption syn-drome. The severity of these disorders was more evident among patients with Stage 3of CKD. Calcium levels in daily urine were reduced in groups III and IV. No changes were detected in phosphorus metabolism. Changes in parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin are caused primarily by combined renal pathology with impaired renal calcium absorption. Conclusion: Patients with malabsorption syndrome on the background of CKD revealed deeper violations of calcium homeostasis, which can lead to rapid progression of this combined pathology involvinga bone tissue in the pathological process. Keywords: Malabsorption Syndrome; Chronic Kidney Disease; Calcium
292 Thrombocytopenia Association with H pylori Infection, Jawad Khan First, Saira Nasr Malik, Komal Iqbal, Ansa Rehman, Safia Rehma, Neelum Ahmad and Muhammad Imran Yahya Objective: To observe the presence of thrombocytopenia associated with confirmed chronic H pylori infection. Study Design: Descriptive crossectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber Teaching Hospital and Police and Services Hospital Peshawar. Methodology: Those patients who were diagnosed with confirmed H pylori infection where included in this study. Total number of patients were 230. Both out patients and admitted patients were included. The age range was between 20 to 70 years. strict exclusion criteria was followed as thrombocytopenia’s can be caused by multiple other diseases like HCV , HBV , cirrhosis due to other causes like autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, NASH, primary sclerosing cholangitis, certain drugs , other autoimmune dis- eases affecting multiple organs like SLE. Also those patients were included who didn’t received any H pylori eradication therapy in past. H pylori was diagnosed by stool antigen which is the most sensitive test for H pylori diagnoses after confirming that patient was not on PPI and didn’t take any antibiotics in last 2 weeks. Platelets counts were measured by automated hematological analyzer followed by peripheral smear for confirmation. Data was analyzed by spss 17 and presented with frequencies and percentages, chi- square was applied and p value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of total 230 patients, 31 patients were found to have thrombocytopenia after following exclusion criteria. 19 out of 31 were above 50 years. Range of platelet counts were between 60000 to 100000, P value was 0.001. Number of male and female pa- tients were same so gender difference was insignificant in this study. Conclusion: Patients presenting with chronic H pylori infection did show thrombocytopenia especially in older patients above 50. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Platelets; Proton Pump Inhibiters; hrombocytopenia

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