| 1 Five Phases System in Chinese Medicine, Alex Kung-Hsiung Chang In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) philosophy, we believe that Human body are holist, it is a small universe. We also believe the corresponding relationship between five Yin organs, six Yang organ, five tissues, five sense organs with five directions, four seasons and five tastes in the nature. It unify the human body and nature environment together, reflecting the mutual acceptances of the human body and universe, which just reflects the concept of harmony between human and nature. |
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| 2 Role of Medicine and Meditation in Microvitopathy, S. K. Verma, Vartika Jain Microvita are the smallest living entities, the concept which was first propounded by Shrii P. R. Sarkar in 1986. The science of Microvitology has categorized the microvita depending on their subtlety and field of activity. Positive microvita are conducive for human psycho-spiritual progress while negative microvita are detrimental for physico-psychic health. All the viral diseases are in fact negative microvita diseases affecting both physical (Microvitopathy) and psychic structures (Microvitopsychopathy) and the world has faced many epidemics of such diseases. According to Microvitotherapeutics, negative microvita could be destroyed only by increasing the number of positive microvita. For this purpose, sentient diet and environment, adopting moral cardinal principles along with regular practice of psycho-spiritual meditation are mandatory pre-requisites. In this context, the science of microvita should be thoroughly explored in physical and mental laboratories to combat with such negative microvita diseases. Keywords: Microvita; Microvitotherapeutics; Virus; COVID-19 |
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| 3 A Descriptive Study to Assess the Lifestyle Changes Adopted During Covid-19 Among Young Adults Residing in Selected Districts, Kerala, Rinu David, Jilu Jinu, Jismol Jitha, Jiya Lavanaya, Megha Merin, Merlin Minnu Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. It is transmitted chiefly by contact within factious material (such as respiratory droplets) or with objects or surfaces contaminated by the causative virus and is characterized especially by fever, cough, shortness of breath and may progress to pneumonia and respiratory failure. The present study was a descriptive study to assess the lifestyle changes ad- opted during covid-19 among young adults residing in selected districts, kerala. The research approach was quantitative, and the research design adopted was descriptive survey design. 100 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. An informed consent was obtained from the study subjects. The study was done using online structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that majority of samples 62% have changes in dietary habits and 69% preferred indoor activities during this pandemic. Among samples 33% gained weight, 41% had mild anxiety during this period and 46% preferred cooking as most common leisure activity during this time. There is a greater elevation in social media usage. There was a significant association between lifestyle changes and selected demographic variables. The various changes that have become a part in our lives during this pandemic tragedy. The way forward must also be to learn the art of living with corona. And this cannot be without some changes to our lives |
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| 4 Note on Pertinence of Graph Theory for Genetic Networks, V. Yegnanarayanan Data collection process has witnessed explosive growth that could even outsmart the measurable gains in the field of power of computation as speculated by Moore’s Law. However, scientists spread over various domain are smearing victory through network models to denote their data. Graph- algorithms come in handy to investigate the topological structure and bring out the hidden relationships and attributes among variables. But the task of finding dense subgraphs, are still hard to negotiate from a computational viewpoint. So, it is stimulating to find new algorithmic methods in the probe of graphs derived from huge data sources that are complex. We provide a bird’s eye view of application of graph theoretic tools crisply for the probe of complex networks based on gene expression signatures and to find exact and effective solutions to hard combinatori- al tasks such as epigenetic biomarker detection. To make an efficient design which is algorithm based, a probe of two core components of fixed parameter tractability namely branching and kernelization is suggested for parallel imposition of vertex cover. We have also discussed the concept of Para clique and domination concept to better handle gene expression networks. |
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| 5 Hygiene Practice: A key Factor in Limiting Food Poisoning in Hospitality Industry, Ayeni Ayodele Olaiya Food hygiene practices to human existence cannot be over-emphasized. It bring about good health, growth and develop- ment of the people when it is properly maintained, while improper handling of hygiene practices could lead to illness and diseases, poor health, increased medical bills and reduced productivity. This study work on the state of hygiene practices and its important in promoting good health and development of human growth in Ekiti State. The aim is to foster proper hygiene practices among people in the State. The research will shows among others that the campaign for good hygiene alone does not assure quality and safety hygienic practice, that high premium must be placed on ascertaining compliance with proper hygiene Practice by people, food manufacturers and food agencies. Its suggested that citizens, food handlers and manufacturers should maintain high level of personal hygienic practices, and health practices in line with regulatory standards. |
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| 6 Neutrophilic Urticarial Dermatitis Revealing Lupus with Lupus Nephropathy: A Case Report., Yahya Izidbih Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis is a rarely discovered entity manifesting as a maculopapular, barely pruritic or non-prurit- ic, fleeting erythema with a specific histological appearance showing a perivascular infiltrate of unaltered neutrophils without associated vasculitis. This entity is associated with certain systemic diseases such as Still’s disease, Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome and Schnitzler syndrome. We report the case of a patient who presented with neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (NUD) associ- ated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with extracutaneous renal involvement |
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| 7 The Rage on Pedophilia, Adesanya Omowumi Pedophilic disorder is characterized by recurring, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behavior involving children (usu- ally 13 years old or younger). In some undeveloped countries, a lot of sensitizations hasn’t been done yet to defend pedophilia as a maladaptive condition and even give room for treatment of pedophiles. In most cases, some get to escape justice due to their Influence and wealth status hereby giving room for future occurrences and neglecting treatment and therapies. I |
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| 8 Machine Learning based CAD for Breast Cancer Detection, Manoj Kumar Breast cancer is the second most driven reason for the deaths among women, globally. Breast cancer is a category of cancer that develops in the breast tissue with the main observable symptom that is a lump which feels irregular from the remaining tissues. Ac- cording to the reports, this cancer is affecting 2.2 million women every year [1]. In this disease life threatening (malignant) cells in the breast multiply out of hands, making it the second most fatal type of cancer in women widely. Hence, to diminish the mortality rate and increase the chances of survival, it is crucial to uncover it as early as attainable. There have been numerous researches addressing breast cancer using machine learning and its subset techniques. Researchers claim that their algorithms are faster, simpler, and more precise than others are. This study is based on computer aided systems (CAD) and machine learning algorithms that aim to construct a framework to precisely distinguish between benign and malignant breast tumors in a screening mammogram [2]. |
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| 9 Substance Abuse among the Medical Students, Bibek Raj Parajuli The use of illegal drugs, excessive consumption of drugs with or without prescription, alcohol, and marijuana is known as substance abuse. There can be both physical or psychological dependence [2]. Substance abuse is one of the main problems among medical students. The reason behind substance abuse among medical students is the stress of the study, the curiosity of how it tastes, party and occasion celebrations. Medical students were getting those substances through their friends [9]. Risk factors for substance abuse disorder are family history of substance abuse, peer pressure, mental health disorder, use of abusive substances at an early age, and lack of support from the family. Different types of substance abuse disorders are Opioid Use Disorder., Marijuana Use Disorder. Alcohol Use Disorder. Sedative Use Disorder., Nicotine Use Disorder. Stimulant Use Disorder. Hallucinogen Use Disorder [2] |
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| 10 Correlating Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) with Loss of Lung Function: Treatment of Data and Statistical Analysis, Kevin Hedges, Susan Reed, Robert Mulley In a study looking at potential impact to respiratory health of quarry workers exposed to airborne respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in Queensland, Australia, respirable dust exposure sampling was undertaken using the method specified in AS 2985-2009. Analysis of the collected samples for alpha quartz was carried out using infrared spectroscopy. Lung function tests for the ex- posed workers at each quarry were conducted using an Easyone® spirometer. The aim of this study was to determine whether increased RCS exposure is associated with a reduction in lung function. Personal RCS exposures were pooled into similar expo- sure groups (SEGs), minimum variance unbiased estimates (MVUE), were plotted against the forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1) % of predicted for corresponding SEGs. Non-linear correlations were observed including natural log and poly- nomial function. Estimated (full shift) exposures pooled for each Similar Exposure Group (SEG) correlated with lung function measured as FEV1 % of predicted (p |
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| 11 Assessment of Knowledge regarding Human Breast Milk Bank among the Nursing Officers in JIPMER Puducherry, Safeena Beevi S S, Adline Shanu, Akila, Ananda Geethan, Anjaly Suryan, Asuthosh Kumar, Aswathy, Bavithra, Bharathi, Bharath Kumar World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund in 1980 has stated that if the baby does not get his/her own mother’s milk, the best food for that baby is Human breast milk from another lactating mother. Donor milk has a broad range of therapeutic uses. Common reasons for prescribing donor milk are prematurity, allergies, feeding formula intolerance, immuno- logic deficiencies, etc. Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers who have specific health problems. In the absence of the infant’s mother’s milk, donor milk offers the benefits of human milk for the infant, including optimal nutrition, easy digestibility, and immunological protection against many organisms. Human milk also contains growth factors that can protect immature tissue, promote maturation, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, and promote the healing of tissue damaged by infection |
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| 12 A Descriptive Explorative study on Sleep Disturbances during Pregnancy among Pregnant Women, in a Selected Hospital at Puducherry, Jayasankari S, Leena L Raju, Kiruba Prasanna, Jayapriya Background: Pregnancy involves many maternal physiological and psychological changes both of which has implications on sleep. During the first trimester, sleep is disturbed by the hormonal changes and in the last trimester the grown up fetus and the anxiety regarding delivery disturbs the sleep. Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the Sleep Disturbances during Preg- nancy among Pregnant Women, in a tertiary Hospital at Puducherry. Methods: 238 pregnant women were interviewed using modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate the Disturbances in sleep during Pregnancy. Results: The findings of the study showed that that almost all the subjects (87.3%) had poor sleep in their pregnancy. Only 12.7% had good sleep quality. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Score was 7.60 (SD - 1.83), which shows poor sleep during pregnancy. No significant relationship was identified between sleep quality with selected socio demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: Sufficient good sleep during pregnancy is important to improve the pregnancy outcomes. It саn be соnсluded that there is а great need to sensitize аntenаtаl women on this issues аррrорriаtely. Key words: sleep quality; pregnant women |
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| 13 Heterotransplantations and Genomic. The Asterias Rubens Sea Star Axial Organ (a.o) Cells, the Sea star Igkappa Gene: Effects against Malignant Vertebrate Cells. Preliminary Review, Michel Leclerc We performed in 1975, the first heterotransplantation of invertebrate A.O in nude mouse, then a double heterotransplantation of human tumor and axial organ next to this last one, always in nude mouse: The human tumor was rejected in 50% of observed cases. Some years later, we found that A.O cells exerted an induced and spontaneous cytotoxicity against SP2 and MBL2 mouse tumoral cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was inserted in a CMV (cyto- megalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. The induced « young » protein exerted a spontaneous cytotoxicity against osteosarcom cells (U2oS cells) against A-375 mel- anome cells and Hela cells. |
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| 14 A Study to Assess the Impact of Online Learning Among School Children in Kerala, Sreeraj R N, Soorya Joy, Lijisha P V, Senthilkumar T Due to the ongoing pandemic of Covid-19 almost all the sectors in the world left the traditional ways behind and the educa- tional sector was no exception. Nowadays the school children are able to pursue their education remotely inside their most fa- miliar physical setup, their home, with the help of information technology. This study aimed to find out the impact of this ‘online learning’ among school children. Methods: A quantitative approach which adopted a descriptive survey design was used for this study among 30 school going children from selected schools in Kerala. These 06-18 years aged children were selected using con- venient sampling technique and data collection was done through a structure checklist. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Minitab Version 16. Results: The impact of online learning was graded in to positive and negative for analysis and interpretation of the data. The findings showed that majority of the school children (63.33%) were positive impacted from online learning and there was no association found between online learning and demographic variables at 5% confidence level (p |
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| 15 Solving Global Problems using Neural Network, Nabeel Khan Human Brain is made up of interconnected cells called neurons. The connection between these neurons is called neural network. Thoughts are created by interconnected brain cells called neural network. It is the result of hidden data and input data. If suffering, then it is because there is something wrong in your hidden data. Take good input data that will override the hidden data to create good thoughts. Artificial neural network is the pattern to work like the human neural network |
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| 16 Chronic Neuroinflammatory Cycle: Potential target to halt the Progression of Neurological Disorders, Prashant Tarale Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases have become a major social and economic burden worldwide with more individuals predicted to be affected in coming decade. Therefore, understanding the neuropathological mechanism and identifying the promising target for intervention has become an active area of research in neurodegeneration. The chronic neuroinflammation has considered to be fundamental mechanism causing progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons as observed in clinical course of various neurodegener- ative diseases. Microglial proliferation and activation are the hallmarks of several neurological disorders. Being the primary immune cells in the brain, microglia rapidly respond to any neuronal insults by proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases as well as patients with neurological diseases have shown an increased number of activated microglia in brain along with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Whitton, 2010). Thus, neuroinflammation may be considered to play essential role in the pathogenesis of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases (Zhang et al., 2017). Colony stimulating factor receptor 1 (CSF-1R) signaling plays an instrumental role in regulating the proliferation and activation of microglial cells; as such, CSF-1R is considered a vital target in halting the progression of neurodegenerative conditions (Hume and MacDonald, 2012). The importance of CSF-1R in microglial development can by understood by the fact that mice lacking CSF-1R are devoid of microglia and die before reaching adulthood. CSF-1R exerts its effects on astrocyte functions mainly by regulating targeting astrocyte-microglia communication [1, 3] |
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| 17 A study to Assess the Knowledge and Opinion of the Nursing Faculty and Post Graduate students in Tirupathi Regarding Translational Research in Nursing, B Ganga Bhavani A study to assess the knowledge, opinion of faculty and post graduate students of nursing regarding translational Research in nursing in Tirupathi was conducted on 50 nursing faculty and 50 nursing post graduate students in Tirupathi, with the ob- jectives to find out 1. Knowledge regarding translational Research 2. Opinion regarding translational research. Method and Material It was an incidental study conducted by the investigator when nearly 500 nursing personnel came to participate in the national workshop organised by Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva vidyalayam in Tirupathi. The study comprised of survey ques- tionnaire of multiple choice type to elicit the information and an opinion check list. The sample of study is selected randomly from 2 groups comprised of faculty and post graduate students. The data was collected before starting of the Workshop when participants assembled for registration. Results showed that the knowledge score’s levels of nursing faculty was almost the same as that of post graduate nursing students. However, both groups showed slightly different responses on opinionnaire regard- ing translational research. Conclusion Translational research in nursing is not a myth and distance dream but can be a realty |
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| 18 BrainGate - A Computer Innovation for Patients with Paralysis, Senthilkumar T, Varuna Padmajan Brain gate is an electrode chip that’s implemented in the cortex of the brain. It is a system developed by cyberkinetics, a biotech company in the year 2003 in connection with neuroscience department at Brown University. It helps to exchange the electrical signals between brain and the electrical gadgets. The principle behind this brain implant system is with normal brain functions, brain signals are been generated, but they can’t be sent to arms, hands or legs, these signals are understood and translated to cursor movements, which helps the individual to regulate the computer by his or her thoughts. Special software carries all the signaling processes |
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| 19 Evaluation of Smile Components in Males of Skeletal Class III compared to Skeletal Class I, Abdallah S Nouh, HM Abdel Majeed, Essam Mohamed Nassef Selim Objective: Smile plays a vital role in facial appearance. The current study was performed to evaluate the smile parameter varia- tions between Class I and Class III male subjects aiming to obtain a full understanding to smile features serving in diagnosis and treatment planning for highest patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 30 skeletal Class III and Class I males. Two frontal digital photographs were taken for each subject, one at rest and the other in the posed smile position. Photographs were uploaded on Photoshop soft- ware for standardization and then uploaded on the Digital Smile Design software (DSD) where the actual incisogingival height of the central incisor was used for automatic calibration. Results: At rest, there was no significant difference for all soft tissue measurements of Class I and Class III males, while on smil- ing, Class III males tended to have wider smile widths, less incisor display, wider smile width and a higher percentage of non-con- sonant and flat smile arcs than normal Class I subjects. Conclusions: The maxillary incisor display for Class I was found to be significantly greater than that for Class III. The smile width and smile height for Class III was found to be significantly greater than that of Class I. Keywords: Class III males; Esthetics; Malocclusion; Smile |
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| 20 Orthopedic Device and Data Visualization: A Way to Optimize the Therapeutic Process, Gabriele Pontillo, Roberta Angari Medical design may intervene to improve, prolong and save lives. Many health critical problems can be addressed thanks to the power of design, which solutions, developed in academic and business settings, can answer in an innovative way to the needs of patients. It is in this context that is located the ongoing research presented, which is based on the integration between parametric design and data visualization, whose convergence leads to the realisation of medical devices customized on specific morpholo- gies and needs of users and, as well, - thanks to the integration of IoT - capable to record and return data related to the course of the therapeutic advancements, made readable for both patients and doctors. As highlighted by the most recent scientific literature, the development of technological medical devices, able to reduce steps and simplify the doctor/patient relationship, is becoming an important field of research, most of all if we consider the condition of endemic fragility that characterises the contemporary society. In this perspective, the aim of the paper is to introduce the con- cept and design of orthopedic devices, through the description of the methodology and approaches applied and of the protocol outlined during the research. Keywords: Medical Design; Parametric Design; Information Design; E-health; Personalized medicine |
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| 21 Using Kitchen Resources and Home Remedies to Cure common Cold, Saba Khan, Sarah Malik For boosting the immune system to promote optimum health & to reduce the complications or risks of the disease, kitchens ingredients play a significant role. The objective of this study was to find out the popular home remedies for common cold and to modify them for better results. Survey and interview method helped in collecting the field information from the sample of hundred respondents. The most popular remedies were identified and modified by addition of any three more ingredients from the kitchen shelf. The modified recipes were subjected on the sample of twenty five adults suffering with common cold. Their experiences showed reduced recovery time and better response in improving their general health condition. |
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| 22 Anesthesia and Patient Safety, Serdar Epozdemir Anesthesiologist plays a role in the recovery of the patient without any risk with the ideal anesthesia management, under the re- sponsibility that the science of anesthesiology is not a preventive, protective, therapeutic method alone. |
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| 23 Development of a First-aid Smart Assistant Device using IoT Technology and Augmented Reality, Cheng Zhi Ying The objective of this project was to build a system software that could assist any first responder irrespective of their back- ground in first-aid. It employed a combination of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to dial for emergency medical assistance and make a diagnosis of the treatment needed. An Image Recognition (IR) service was trained using IBM Watson to assess the casualty’s primary condition. Training phrases were fed into Dialogflow to construct a voice and text-based conversational in- terface for Google Assistant’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) to give a secondary diagnosis. Vuforia’s Augmented Reality (AR) engine in Unity was then enlisted via Target Detection to display a virtual assistant applying first-aid on the casualty. The components were amalgamated using the AI’s autonomous control over the IR and AR applications to create the end-to-end system software. Lastly, XCode, an app-building engine, developed the components into prototype mobile applications. Future prototyping could assist first responders during an actual emergency and complement the Singapore Civil Defence Force’s efforts of promoting high standards of first-aid. Keywords: Internet of Things; Augmented Reality; Artificial Intelligence; Deep machine learning; First-aid |
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| 24 Why do Molecular targeted Therapies in non-small Cell Lung Cancer have Limited Success?, Pushpam Kumar Sinha In the last decade great strides have been made towards the discovery of molecules whose aberrant functioning has been held responsible for the genesis and progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Broadly speaking there are two types of lung cancers: NSCLC, and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). The majority of lung cancers are of the type NSCLC. In this paper the therapeutic molecular targeting of aberrantly functioning molecule has been dealt with in the context of NSCLC, but, however, the conclusions derived in this paper hold for any molecular targeted therapy for any cancer. Different molecules are functioning aberrantly in different NSCLC patients, some of them being Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), etc. The paper analyzes the limited success of molecular targeted therapies in NSCLC in the context of MET inhibitors, and generalizes the results of analysis for any molecular targeted therapy against any cancer. The paper ends with the suggestion that the targeted molecular therapy in NSCLC be combined with the depressants of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway to improve patient response to the therapy |
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| 25 Let’s Talk Gluten, Esniya Antonieta Andrade When we hear the word gluten we usually associate it with the fad diet either as a gluten-free diet (GFD) or a healthy diet. What is Gluten? It is a storage protein found in grass-related grains like barley, rye, oats, wheat (BROW). It nourishes the seeds during flowering and germination. Gluten itself is a complex mixture of proteins. In wheat, rye, barley, oats this storage protein exists as gliadin, secalin, hordein and avenins respectively. All these proteins are collectively referred to as gluten. Gliadin has many peptide sequences which are resistant to our gastrointestinal enzymes. Gluten gives elasticity to the flour dough allowing it to puff and have a chewy texture. Thus it is found in a lot of baked bread and pastries. It is also used as an additive in processed food for texture, flavor, and moisture retention. 80% of the bread wheat contains gluten. To some extent, gluten is also used as a stabilizing agent in ice-creams, ketchups, soy sauces and beers. Hair products and cos- metics may sometimes contain gluten |
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| 26 Colchicine Poisoning: Case Report and Literature Review, Almas Ashraf, Ahmarin Zahid, Zaheer-ud-Din Babar and Amaad Fahim Colchicine is an active alkaloid that is commonly used for treatment of multiple diseases including gout, primary biliary cir- rhosis and familial Mediterranean fever. Less commonly, it has been implicated in cases of fatal overdose owning to its narrow therapeutic index. Clinical presentation of colchicine poisoning follows a well described but swift course with gastrointestinal symptoms being the earliest manifestation. Death usually occurs either directly due to multiorgan failure or indirectly due to secondary sepsis. We report an extreme case of colchicine ingestion by a 22 years old female who intentionally ingested 45 to 50mg of colchicine. Six hours later she presented in local hospital where gastric lavage was performed. Four days later, on contin- ual deterioration of her condition, she presented with poor prognosis in the tertiary care emergency. She exhibited symptoms of coagulopathy, respiratory distress, multiple organ failure and eventually suffered fatal cardiopulmonary collapse approximately 14 hours after admission. Use of Colchicine specific Fab fragments have been shown to reverse symptoms of Colchicine poison- ing in experimental settings however they are not available for general use. Currently treatment options are limited to specific supportive measures. Keywords: Colchicines; Poisoning; Multiple organ failure; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Respiratory distress syndrome |
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| 27 Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls, Chinmay Muralidharan, Leena Muralidharan and Sangeeta Gaur Anemia is widely spread nutritional problem in world. Low BMI value (Underweight condition) and anemia are associated and together it’s a big problem in developing countries like India. Anemia among adolescent girls is problem not limited to any region, and caste but a problem faced across the world. By the help of present study we tried to investigate and understand about the prevalence of Anemia among adolescent students especially in females. Keywords: Anemia; BMI; Adolescent; Females; Underweight |
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| 28 Neuroprotective potential of Sargassum wightii against scopolamine - induced dementia like symptoms in Wistar albino rats, Sradhasini Rout, Bandana Rath, Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra, Anjan Kumar and Ishani Rath This research work was undertaken to explore the neuroprotective potential of Sargassum wightii against scopolamine in- duced dementia in rats. Progressive loss of memory is a most prominent symptom in neurodegenerative diseases. Five groups of animal were used for this experiment and scopolamine (16 mg/kg body weight/ i.p.) was administered to induced dementia like symptoms. Behavioral study was performed by Morris Water Maze test (MWM) to assess learning and memory, biochem- ical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was measured to analyze cholinergic activity in brain, the oxidative biomarker enzyme status was estimated by analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH and histopathological assessed were then performed. Scopolamine 16 mg/kg body weight significantly impaired acquisition and memory in Morris water maze test. Pretreatment with Sargassum wightii (methanolic extract) both the doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg showed significant improvement in MWM performance and learning memory deficit. Scopolamine also enhanced brain acetylcholinesterase activ- ity, MDA level and decreased in GSH level. Sargassum wightii extract reversed the change in AChE activity, brain oxidative stress and histopathological changes in a significant level. The conclusion of this study suggested that the neuroprotective activity of Sargassum wightii against scopolamine-induced dementia like symptom probably through enhancement of cholinergic activity and reduced oxidative stress action. Keywords: Neurodegenerative; Scopolamine; Sargassum wightii; Morris water maze; Acetylcholinesterase |
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| 29 Sustainable Manufacturing: A Step for Mindful Consumption and Circular Economy, N Gupta Sustainable manufacturing is the demand of time. Due to limited availability of natural resources, there is constant demand to re- duce consumption [1]. Manufacturers are seeing the carbon footprint associated with the process. Mass manufacturing has given rise to newer techniques of manufacturing which are highly advanced techniques and the energy consumption of such processes is very high. For example CNC (Computer and Numerically controlled) machining centers consumes a lot of energy [2] and are associated with enhanced carbon footprints. |
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| 30 Deep LSTM-based Automated Learning Environment using Smart Data to Improve Awareness and Education in Time Series Forecasting, Zair Bouzidi, Abdelmalek Boudries and Mourad Amad This proposed commercial model is based on deep Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), used because of its ability to learn long term dependencies, in taking the concatenated function and market data as input, while integrating Smart Data encapsulations, retrieving information by combining various search results (all the Web). It provides some good ideas for that we have extended to improve Corporate Marketing and Business Strategies. We show that the proposed model learns to both localize and recognize their different aspects. We evaluate it on the challenging task of detecting Fraud in Financial Services and Financial Time Series Forecasting and show that it is both more accurate than the state-of-the-art of other neural networks and uses fewer parameters and less computation. Keywords: Awareness; Business; Education; LSTM; Smart Data |
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| 31 Review on Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Cuscuta species, Narmatha G, Sandhiya S, Kokila J, Poovizhi T and Savitha T The plant genus Cuscuta, belongs to the family Cuscutaceae, has been traditionally used as therapeutic treasure against various metabolic and neurological diseases such as mental abstraction, headache, spleen disease, jaundice, diabetes mellitus and hy- pertension. There are numerous secondary metabolites have been identified that are considered as phytochemical constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, lignins, steroids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, glycosides and polysaccharides. Due to the presence of these bioactive ingredients, various ethnopharmacological actions including anticancer, antiviral, antisapasmodic, antihyper- tensive, antibacterial, antioxidant, diuretic, antihypertensive were explored. This review brings eyesight for the explorations of novel therapeutic agents for the various ailments of mankind. Keywords: Therapeutic treasure; Phytoconstituents; Pharmacological activity |
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| 32 Evaluation of Impact of SARS COVID-19 Virus on Sexual Assault Cases in India, Yogesh Yadav, Gosia Khan and Garima Chaudhary Children are the gift given by God to humanity. Sexual abuse of Children is one of the most heinous crimes. CSA (child sexual abuse) and SA (Sexual Assault) is the most reported crime against children across worldwide. It affects not only physically but also mentally it may lead to death. Both girls and boys in India face severely assault like early marriage, domestic violence, bul- lying, child labor, and many more children can be sexually assaulted in any place like home, streets, schools, workplaces, prisons, orphans. It affects the overall development of the children. According to NCRB 109 children face any form of CSA every day in India. Keeping in view the alarming situation of sexual crime against children. Indian government passed a law against the crime against women in 2018 and the crime against children in 2012. In 2012, the amendment of the POCSO (Protection of children from sexual offenses) act in sections 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 15 and 42 is made to save the children from sexual assaults. The objective of our study is to describe the overall crime rate of DELHI NCR on child abuse and sexual assaults in the year 2019, March 2019 to June 2021, under IPC 376, 377, 354, POCSO Act 2012, etc. Forensic Laboratory receives 5-10 cases of child sexual abuse every month. In most cases, the criminal is known and/or unknown to the victim. In this study, we also try to create awareness towards the Sexual Assault and the POCSO Act. |
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| 33 The Water Protects a Virus with the Weak Energy Involving the Elementary Particles, Sunao Sugihara and Yuji Nagasaka There have been published many researches about water in the various fields such as agriculture, chemistry, biolo- gy, medicine and physics. The targets of water research are these in daily life, ocean and in the air besides in the substanc- es. Moreover, there are the theoretical study of water (H2 O) itself. Ab initio calculation and the density-functional theo- ry have been reported on the hydrogen bond of water molecules and interaction between monomers, which research issue is associates with the water molecule itself. Here we present the theoretical concept to protect any virus involving in COVID-19, and the mechanism based on the reaction of amino acids with water involving a proton and electron which are essential to our body. It has been performed with the dissociation of hydrogen bond due to pressurization (more than 200 MPa) applied to ordinary water. Besides the smallness, the proton and electron may play a role to pass an electric current to protect a virus and a germ through the water in the body. The information of the water is supposed to be “momentum” (spin, mass and velocity) may protect any virus and germ due to chemical reduction by proton and electron in the water. Keywords: Weak energy water; Proton & electron; Hydrogen bond; COVID-19, Amino acid |
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| 34 A New Generation of Translational Tools designed to Monitor Multiple Sclerosis (MS) at Clinical and Subclinical Stages, Mariya Studneva, Noel Rose, Aleks Gabibov, Veronika Medvedeva, R. Holland Cheng and Sergey Suchkov According to tremendous translational researchers, biomarkers as a part of the ligand-receptor tandems have induced an im- pulse to prompt the evolution of an upgraded concept of the targeted therapy. It is health indicators that justifying the necessity to create targeted drug of the next-step generation to be implemented at the clinical and sub-clinical key stages of the disease process and to get involved into a multi-stage process to get the shifts appeared modified. There is an evident-based outcome of the latest studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) related fields that illustrates the proved tar- geted activity of Ab-proteases. High impact of Ab-proteases can be used to monitor both clinical and subclinical courses of chron- ic autoimmune inflammation (MS) to predict stepwise transformations of the course and to prognosticate the clinical illness finally. In this sense, Ab-proteases can be programmed and reprogrammed to suit the requests and standards of regenerative medicine and re-myelination, in particular. This data makes it possible to design the algorithms for combinatorial (preventive, prophylactic, therapeutic and rehabilitative) treatment, whilst developing unique tools for individually therapy, especially, for autoimmune diseases which holds a particular position. |
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| 35 The Legend of Dr. Kotnis: An Inspiration for Global Healthcare Cooperation, Sameer S Deshmukh It was 1938 and China was in dire need of healthcare workers during the Sino Japanese war when Japan attacked China and China turned to India for help. Dr. Dwarkanath Shantaram Kotnis was an Indian Doctor who volunteered to go to China as a part of a medical assistance team sent by India. He was born in Solapur District in the state of Maharashtra on 10th October 1910 and went to medical school at Seth GS Med- ical College in Mumbai and was preparing for Post-Graduation. General Zhu De requested then Indian top leader, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for assistance in terms of healthcare and an appeal was made across the country which excited a young Dr. Kotnis, who decided to apply despite his parents’ wish for him to get married and settle down. His father approved of his decision while his mother was reluctant. His sister recalls that Dr. Kotnis decided to take on this challenge to explore the world and practice Medicine across the world. Soon a five-doctor team was sent which included Dr. M. Attal, Dr. M. Cholkar, Dr. Debesh Mukherjee, Dr. B.K. Basu and Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis. All of them returned except Dr. Kotnis, who decided to stay in China [1]. |
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| 36 Homeopathy - Myths and Facts about Gastric Issues, Dr. Yatri Thacker Mrs. XYZ36-year-old lady recently consulted me for severe acid reflux, migraine headache and indigestion since past 9 months. She tried various conventional treatment without relief. Finally decided to try homeopathy and our holistic treatment. During her case history she seemed unhappy with work life since a year. Intense online work shifts and her inability to lead the team led to self-doubt. Nothing seemed to work for her. She was irritated at trifles, felt anxious and out of control. Within 3 months of starting our homeopathy treatment along with counselling and lifestyle changes the patient’s gastritis was completely cured. Also, she seemed relaxed and confident. She even got promotion. |
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| 37 Bullying, a Major Contributor to Cultism, Adesanya Omowumi Bullying”, a neglected psychological factor that has encouraged cultism in the society. Looking at the society in all its different units, every unit of the society has a major role influencing the growth of a particular pattern either negative or positive and this has influ- enced the society so much that it is no longer a thing of supernatural forces but a thing of manmade inventions. Man influences his society either positively or negatively consciously or unconsciously. How about the introduction of ignorance, till the root of the prob- lem is tackled, man will keep adding to his problem even as he is providing solutions to his problem. The smallest unit of the society is Family and this has shaped a lot of individuals into what they are today. The mind of the man is a Tabula Rusa as the psychologists describes it. It is plain and filled with experiences and information acquired daily. When a child is born, the first place of imprinting new information is the family he finds himself. From the language, smell, taste of food, music heard and other behaviors exhibited by his family members. The school is only a place where behaviors and morals are shaped generally unlike the family where only your family pattern or style is tolerated. |
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| 38 COVID-19 Pandemic: Upswing in Antibiotic Misuse, Novy Gupte and Sapna Pradhan The ongoing COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, after originating from the Wuhan City of China, was declared a “pandemic” on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Availability of a number of vaccines against COVID-19 may prove a game-changer. However, in the absence of an acceptable specific antiviral agent, therapeutic approaches in an overwhelming majority of the cases are a cocktail of symptomatic/supportive measures, immunity boosters, immuno- modulators, immunotherapy, steroids and antimicrobials. In life-threatening situations in hospitalized patients, critical care measures are adopted. In deference to the recommendations of the WHO, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline continue to be consumed irrationally in a large proportion of the patients even in absence of a bacterial coinfection, especially in the resource-limited countries. The widespread misuse of antibiotics is likely to have worsened the already existing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The endeavors aimed at controlling the COVID-19 pandemic (that has been causing huge mor- bidity and mortality worldwide and adversely impacting economy), need to be complemented with spirited and restrengthened campaign against irrational antibiotic use that is augmenting the AMR. Also, there is a need for promoting antibiotic prudency through alternative and complementary therapies. Most importantly, developing the new antibiotics from new classes should be a top priority. Keywords: Antibiotic prudency; Antimicrobial resistance; Multidrug resistance; New antibiotics; Superbugs |
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| 39 Identify Emotion using Neuromarketing to define Consumer Behavior, Alma Casas Frausto and Bogart Yail Marquez At present the interest inidentify and satisfy consumer needs for this companies use various techniques such as the study of market, conducting surveys, product testing by mention a few, nowadays to get a better result precise techniques and tools have evolved a lot. Neuromarketing is one of those advances, which helps us to determine with greater accuracy and depth the preferences of the consumer. Focus on knowing conscious behavior, while the consumer buying behavior is fundamentally un- conscious. Today with the help of new technologies more interest has developed in applying the methods of neurology in various areas other than medicine, that are related to human behavior, being the Neuromarketing one of the ways to investigate and know consumer behavior and decision-making purchase, thus supporting us to better understand the psychological behavior and dictate more precise actions to marketing based on the knowledge of the reactions cerebral. Keyword: Neuromarketing; Emotion; Neuroscience; Neuron; Neural network |
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| 40 Health Science, Athraa Abdulameer Azeez Health Science is one of the multidisciplinary sciences that aims to publicize information, grant experience in education, practice and research between health status and quality of live for all society’s categories including individuals, families and communities. Nowadays, Health Science considered as an emerging field. The aspects of health science contribution in the scientific research include factors that nations, developing and developed, can be evaluated via the advancement of its health science. |
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| 41 Recover of Disease and Illness with Electric Treatments through the Water---evidence and theory, Sunao Sugihara There are many kinds of research about water in various fields such as agriculture, chemistry, biology, medicine, and physics. The targets of water research are these in daily life, the ocean, in the air and the substances. Moreover, there is the theoretical study of water (H2 O) itself. They have reported Ab initio calculation, and the density-functional theory have on the hydrogen bond of water molecules and interaction between monomers, which research issue is associated with the water molecule itself. Here we present the theoretical concept to protect us from any virus involved in COVID-19.The mechanism based on amino acid reaction with water involved a proton and electron are essential to our body. Due to pressurization (more than 100 MPa) ap- plied to ordinary water, hydrogen bond dissociation can work for various functions. Besides smallness, proton and electron may play a role passing an electric current to protect viruses and germs through the water in a body. The information of the water is supposed to be “momentum” (spin, mass, and velocity) may protect us from any virus and germ due to chemical reduction by proton and electron in the water. Keywords: Weak energy water; Proton & electron; Hydrogen bond; Amino acid; Electrical current |
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| 42 Role of Reactive Oxidative Species in Periodontitis: A Review Article, Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Mega Kahdina and Hernalia Martadila Putri Introduction: Common periodontitis that attacks the human population is periodontitis induced by plaque. Periodontitis begins with the ordering of plaque that adheres to the tooth surface. Dental plaque is a thin layer of multi-species biofilm containing colonization of bacteria, bacterial products, and food debrish. The dental plaque that causes periodontitis is usually located in the subgingival area, then extends apical to the tooth, causing inflammation of the periodontal tissue. The causes of periodontitis in general are bacterial species found in dental plaque, and about 10 species have been identified as pathogens in periodontal dis- ease, especially gram-negative stem bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Apart from plaque factors, periodontitis can also be caused by systemic factors, genetic disorders as well as environmental and risk factors. Studies show that people with diabetes mellitus and smokers suffer from periodontitis a lot. Whereas in patients with periodontitis due to genetic disorders caused by damage to the periodontal tissue by macrophages that respond to IL-1 excessively. ROS, also plays role in pathophysiology in periodontitis. Discussion: Chronic periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease with a complex etiology. The main etiology is bacteria and is ex- acerbated by various other factors. In this case, excessive production of ROS and changes in state can lead to abnormal activation of apoptosis, approaches important factors involved in the production of periodontitis extensions and various clinical features of periodontitis. Several studies have demonstrated a role for ROS in the deregulation of apoptosis. Between ROS and the body can produce neo-epitopes which then stimulate a broad spectrum associated with tissue damage and breakdown of the peri- odontium. Studies in periodontitis patients and involves oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis. Polymorphism genes coding for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the gene encoding NADPH oxidase NCF2 have been identified in many ways with a risk of periodontitis. All biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA) can be damaged by the overproduction of ROS. Conclusion: During infection, immune system produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are released into the extracellular environment. The ROS does not have a specific target that could damage tissue especially in periodontitis. Keywords: ROS; Pathophysiology; Periodontitis |
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| 43 Medicare for All Takes Center Stage, Preston L Williams, Bryce R Williams and Joanna P Williams Rising interest in a single-payer healthcare system known as Medicare for All (MFA) has reached the support of nearly 55% of physicians and two-thirds of Americans polled [1]. This comes at a time when nearly 29 million Americans remain uninsured in the setting of a 4.6% increase in healthcare spending in 2019 totaling $3.8 trillion in expenditures, despite the implementa- tion of the multitude of insurance options within the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 [2]. Presently, there are two bills in the legislature being considered to address this matter with the Medicare for All Act of 2019. Lobbyists are considering a govern- ment-funded healthcare system that would serve to reduce burdensome administrative and health-related costs and simplify an already multiplex insurance-laden system. Keywords: Medicare programs; Fee-for-service; Private insurance; Selection bias; Drug costs; Medicare reimbursement |
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| 44 Comparative Study of Historical Factors in the Development of Chinese and American Pharmaceutical Industry, Lu Yu This thesis mainly studies the social environment of pharmaceutical industry development in China and the United States in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. By analyzing various factors of social development, this paper points out that historical factors greatly affect the development mode of national industry on the basis of combining industrial characteristics. Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry; Historical factors; Industry characteristics |
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| 45 Study of Development of Pneumonias in Patients undergone Neurosurgical procedures in Health Care Institutions, P K Upadhyay, G Tiwary, KartikeyaU, Kritika U Ventilators induced pneumonias are usually associated with some predisposing risk factors. Predisposing factor which were taken into account during this study were prior antacids, prior aspiration, alcoholism, smoking, prior hospital stay and underly- ing diseases which includes chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia and heart insufficiency, antibiotic therapy. 50 such case undergone neurosurgeries were studied and detailed analysis is presented. Keywords: Pneumonia; Ventilator; Consolidation; Hospital acquired infection; Hospital associated infection; Kerby-Bauer meth- od |
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| 46 Neurophysiological monitoring (IONPM), P K Upadhyay Application of Neuro-physiological monitoring (IONPM) Application of neurophysiological monitoring during surgery (IOM) in intra operative Neurospinal surgery, cases reduces the chanc- es of neuro-spinal surgery complications at all neurological level. Many techniques are available and motor and SSEP (evoked poten- tials somatosensory) are thought to be essential for better results of IONPM. Spinal cord - evoked potentials (SEP) are observed and recorded over cord where stimulation by electrical means is given on directly over the spinal cord (posterior column) by an epidural stimulation by electrodes. SSEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) provide the functional and anatomical continuity of sensory tracts .starting from peripheral most nerve and posterior column to the sensory cortex. |
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| 47 Anosmia of Covid 19 - A Transient Symptom?, Amrapali Keny Pawar, Palak Bhatti and Prashant Kewle Aims and objectives: Covid 19 pandemic brought a host of symptoms in the last 2 years. Amongst these anosmia or loss of smell and taste were some of the striking though less common symptoms. Significant rise in Anosmia with or without onset of upper respiratory tract infection prompted a study in which patients with loss of smell were screened over a period of one year to study the nature of this symptom. Materials and Methiods: A questionnaire had to be filled by patients visiting in our clinics or through online consultations. 53 patients were selected. Observations: Our observations showed that in 86.8% of patients, anosmia was the only symptom and 73.6% required no specific treatment. In 89.3% anosmia resolved within 3 months. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that anosmia can be used as a marker for COVID 19 testing. It appears to be a transient symp- tom which resolves spontaneously. Keywords: Anosmia; loss of smell; COVID 19; SARS-CoV-2; Olfactory dysfunction |
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| 48 Breast Cancer Distribution Pattern in a Pathology Center in South East Nigeria, Samuel I Ogenyi, Nancy C Ibeh, June A Onu, Jonathan U Madukwe, Onyekachi A Onu and Felix E Menkiti Background Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women accounting for about 11% of all cancer types diagnosed globally annually and one of the leading causes of women mortality in spite of significant improvements in treatment. Treatment of breast cancer in Nigeria is based of expression pattern of ER, PR and HER2 using targeted therapies. Methods Two hundred and seventy three (273) archived paraffin wax processed breast tissue samples were sorted and selected from the histopathology laboratories and museums of the facility. Data were realized from clinical records, operation notes and histopa- thology results of the patients involved. HER2, ER and PR expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry (Avidin-biotin complex method). Expression patterns were scored based on proportion and intensity of immune-labeling using semi-quantita- tive method. Results The age of patients ranged from 30 to 75 years with greater population falling between 30-45 years. Numerically, breast can- cer cases seen increased progressively from 2015 to 2019. Most breast cancer tissues were ER positive 146 (53.5%) while 65 (23.8%) samples were HER2 positive. A greater percentage of the samples assessed were ER/PR/HER positive (Triple positive) while ER negative/PR positive accounted for the least case. Conclusion The present study revealed a progressive increase of breast cancer incidence from the year 2015 to 2019 in the centre studied with ER/PR positive cancers being the most prevalent followed by triple negative cancers. More awareness to breast cancer risk factors, prevention, screening and early presentation to hospitals should be intensified with emphasis on early detection and targeted and personalized management. Keywords: Breast Cancer; ER; PR; HER2 |
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| 49 Concepts of Healing, E F Block IV This work addresses the concepts that surround what comprises healing modalities in these days and times. The concepts discussed do not involve those of surgery. There are three major thrusts in the origin of healing concepts that have been developed over the ages. The more advanced Eastern concepts first originated in the sub-continent of India and were later transferred to the area that is now known as China. All Eastern concepts began development some 4000 years ago and eventually yielded a comprehensive treatment system that lasted into modern times. The Western concepts originated in Europe and progressed much more slowly than those in the East. In all cases, most of what would be known as medicines were for the most part derived from herbal sources with a minority from mineral of animal sources |
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| 50 Exploration of Renal Function in Patients under Treatment for Tuberculosis, Aikou Nicolas, Coulibaly Founzégué Amadou, RA Lapo, Aikou Nadine Lucrece Mirèze, Aikou Arielle Nadège Emerentienne, Gnangle Bidossessi Rosen, Zannou Lydie, Sezan Alphonse, Baba-Moussa Lamine The objective of this study is to determine serum and urinary creatinine levels, hematies leukocytes per minute and the al- buminuria/urinary creatinine ratio in tuberculosis patients at the National Hospital Center for Pneumo-phtisiology (CNHPP) in Cotonou. This is a prospective, descriptive and analytical study that included 42 patients over 15 years of age followed for 6 months at the National Center for Pneumo-Phtisiology (CNHPP) in Cotonou. Serum creatinine and urinary albumin levels were determined by the enzymatic method. The count of red and white blood cells in the urine was done under the microscope on Malassez cells. The results show that out of 29% of men and 71% of women, the majority age group is between 39 and 58 years old. The weight of the tuberculosis subjects according to the treatment at the beginning of the treatment is around 52.5Kg and at the end of the treatment is around 57.5Kg. White blood cell counts/min in TB patients on treatment at the end of the intensive phase (p |
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| 51 Correlation between C-Reactive Protein and Prostate Specific Antigene, Aikou Nicolas, Olounlade Pascal, Rock Allister Lapo, Ahoyo Angèle Théodora, Gominan Moutawakilou, Coulibaly Founzégué Amadou, Aikou Nadine Lucrèce Mirèze, Aikou Arielle Nadège Emérentienne, Lydie Zann Objective: The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that took place from April 2019 to September 2019 in the Biomedical Analysis Laboratory (SPACE-LABM). The CRP was determined by the agglutination technique on 85 samples of which 30 were PSA negative and 55 PSA positive. Results: In PSA (-) subjects, we have 5 cases of positive CRP for a frequency of 17%. In PSA (+) subjects, we have 34 cases of positive CRP for a frequency of 62%. PSA (+) subjects are more likely to have a CRP (+) than PSA (-) subjects. There is a positive correlation (r = 0.38) between CRP and PSA. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we observed a positive correlation between CRP and PSA in patients with positive PSA. Keywords: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA); C Reactive Protein (CRP); correlation; prostatitis |
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| 52 Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women at the Atakora Departmental Hospital, Benin, Aikou Arielle, Aikou Nadine and Aikou Nicolas Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious disease in humans after respiratory dis- eases [1]. In pregnant women, any UTI is by definition at risk of complication [1]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) can have harmful consequences for the mother and the fetus. It can manifest itself in three forms: gravidic urinary tract colonization, acute gravidic cystitis and acute gravidic pyelonephritis (AP). The urine cytobacteriological examination (UCE) is the only way to confirm the diagnosis and to guide the treatment. It is also by far the most frequently requested examination from a microbiology laboratory [2]. Objectives: The aim of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of germs involved in urinary tract infections in preg- nant women at the Departmental Hospital Center of Atacora, Northwestern BENIN from March to October 2021. Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that included 192 ECBU samples col- lected from pregnant women in prenatal consultation at the Departmental Hospital Center of ATACORA. On these samples we performed the following examinations: ECBU followed by antibiogram. Results: The study revealed that out of 192 ECBU 19 were positive, i.e. a frequency of 9.9%. This result was confirmed by [3] and [4] who found 10% and 9.9% respectively. The most frequent germ was Escherichia coli (68.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.1%) and finally Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). However, we found a resistance to (90.1%) ampicillin and a sensitivity to (100%) ceftriaxone in Gram-negative bacteria, in Gram-positive bacteria we noted an effective activity of third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to highlight the problem of treatment of urinary tract infections in pregnant wom- en. In the absence of bacterial identification and antibiogram, the problem of the choice of antibiotics arises. One possibility is to choose the less expensive aminopenicillins, knowing that very few of the isolated strains are sensitive to amoxicillin and that the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is only active on a small proportion of the isolated strains. The choice of other more active antibiotics is limited, either by the numerous contraindications (quinolones), or by their high cost, especially the third generation cephalosporins Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Bacteria; Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Acute gravid cystitis; Acute gravid pyelonephritis |
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| 53 Evaluation of the Level of Exposure to Benzene and the State of Health of the Workers of “ORYX-BENIN SA”, Aikou Nicolas, Serge ADE, RA Lapo, Coulibaly Founzégué Amadou, Ahoyo Angèle Théodora, Gominan Moutawakilou, Aikou Nadine Lucrèce Mirèze, Aikou Arielle Nadège Emérentienne, Lydie Zannou and Ibrahim Al Aim: To evaluate the level of exposure to benzene and the state of health of the workers of “ORYX-BENIN SA”. It is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the level of exposure to benzene in 18 workers of ‘’ ORYX- BENIN SA ‘’. Materials and Methods: It was carried out with their informed consent and after they had completed a questionnaire. The data collection was carried out by questionnaire, a direct observation grid, a summary clinical examination of the workers and a com- posite biological assessment: Blood count and leucocyte count by the Culter method and the determination of urinary phenol by the nitro-4-aniline spectrophotometric method. Results: 55.55% of the workers are between 26 and 40 years old. They are all male. 61.11% of the workers have less than one year of experience and 22.22% have at least three years of experience. All the workers, grouped in three shifts, work 8 hours a day. None of the workers wear a mask while working. The only means of protection used by all workers are gloves, gowns and safety shoes. No agent of this company works with his back to the wind. The clinical manifestations recorded during the survey are 50% nausea, 38.89% asthenia and 16.16% eye irritation. A total of three chargers show hematological signs of benzene in- toxication. The rate of urinary phenol is largely higher than 250 mg/g. of creatinine at the end of the shift. Conclusion: It is observed that the inversion of the leucocyte formula is moderate in only one charger while it is severe in five and very severe in six. All of the loaders involved in this study were exposed to benzene at more than 25 ppm per working day. Keywords: benzene; urinary phenol; exposure level; loading activity |
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| 54 Where are we on Alzheimer’s Disease?, Alp Yigit Özdemir Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of neurological disorder called dementia and, it affects people from every gender, region, culture, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Research shows that in 2021, approximately 6 million seniors in the U.S. suffered from Alzheimer’s [1, 2]. According to the World Health Organization results, Alzheimer’s disease is among the top 10 diseases that cause death and has caused the death of more than 50 million people worldwide to date. Estimates predict that this number will exceed 100 million by 2050 [3 Today, besides people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, those who must take care of these people without training and knowledge are also affected. Studies show that more than 10 million U.S. citizens care for people diagnosed with Alzhei- mer’s without financial help. Even if these people are caring for those with Alzheimer’s disease, their lack of knowledge is a significant obstacle to diagnosing, caring for and, treating it [1]. In this context, what needs to be done is to inform people about Alzheimer’s disease, as well as try to find a cure for it. In addition, essential information and significant results should also be made accessible to everyone. |
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| 55 Cytomorphology of a ‘Benign Follicular Nodule’ of Thyroid, Abdulaziz Radhi S ALjohni, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Omar Abdulrhman Alfaroq, Amar Hassan Hussain Bashir and Azeza Abdulrhman Alfaroqie There is 4 to 7 percent of the population who have palpable thyroid nodules; nevertheless, there is 19 to 67 percent of the population who have nodules identified accidentally on ultrasonography. The great majority of thyroid nodules do not manifest themselves with symptoms. As malignant nodules account for around 5% of all palpable nodules, the major purpose of investi- gating thyroid nodules is to rule out the presence of cancer. One of the tests that may be used to differentiate between a thyrotoxic nodule and a euthyroid nodule is the thyroid-stimulating hormone test. Thyroid nodules should be fine-needled aspirated in individuals who are otherwise healthy but have a thyroid nodule, and radionuclide scanning should be reserved for patients with equivocal thyroid cytology or thyrotoxic endocrine disease (thyrotoxicosis). Using ultrasonic guidance during fine-needle aspi- ration, the frequency of inadequate specimens from fine-needle extraction is reduced. Operation is the most common treatment for malignant lesions, and the amount of the surgery is decided by the severity and kind of the sickness. Postoperative radioactive iodine ablation is done on high-risk patients who have cancer that has spread or that has returned after treatment. However, thyroxine suppression therapy is often employed surgically to treat malignant lesions. Keywords: Thyroid thyroid nodules; Epidemiologic presentation; Lymphocytic thyroiditis; Diagnosis; Treatment |
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| 56 Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Crisis Management of Natural Disaster among People of Selected Rural Community in Kannur District kerala, Valsamma Cherian, Senthilkumar T, Shimjitha Zacariah and Vipin Sreenivasan Background: The aim of the present study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding crisis manage- ment of natural disaster among people of selected rural community at Kannur district. Objectives: Assess the knowledge and attitude about the crisis management in natural disaster among local people. Find out the association between knowledge and attitude of people with selected demographic variables. Find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding crisis management in natural disaster. Setting and Sample: Study was conducted in 250 families at pattuvam Gram Panchayath, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala. Materials & Methods: Quantitative descriptive approach and cross-sectional design were used for this study and sample select- ed by convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale comprised of 10 items and 15 statements respectively. Results: The study result shows that majority of samples were very good knowledge (81%) and positive attitude towards crisis management on natural disaster. Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; Crisis management; Natural disaster |
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| 57 New Trend in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Adel Ekladious NMSOD is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is an uncommon disease but is a differential that presents similarly to a few common diseases. Misdiagnosing NMOSD for multiple sclerosis might result in severe health consequences and the rapid deterioration of the patient if they are treated with disease modifying agents like interferon beta, fingolimod or natalizumab. It is noted that this disease affects females predominantly |
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| 58 Halalopathy: Revival of Miraculous Cure and Creation of Favourable Circumstances for Cancer Therapy, Jawad Alzeer Curing diseases and achieving complete recovery is challenging particularly with complex diseases such as cancer, where complete remission is most likely the preferred option that can be achieved. The hope for a complete recovery is inspired by cancer patients who have successfully beaten cancer and achieved a complete recovery. Despite physicians referring to these stories as “miraculous” recoveries, nevertheless, they reveal that victory over cancer can be achieved. According to Halalopathy, a key role in complete recovery is played by setting up the favourable circumstances for the cure, a process that can be achieved by involving the patient in the therapeutic process. Entropy and potential energy are inversely proportional, and both are key elements in the process of prevention and cure. The catabolic reaction is driven by entropy, while the anabolic reaction is driven by potential energy. The stimulation of potential energy and the reduction of entropy contribute greatly to the activation of the immune system and thereby create the necessary circumstances required for effective prevention and therapy. Keywords: Cancer; miraculous cure; potential energy; entropy; immune system |
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| 59 Medicinal Plants and Herbs-Pivotal of Animals and Humans Medicines, Peter Shaba Seasonal greeting to the editorial staffers, staff, and readers of MCMS globally. In the 20th and now 21si centuries, exponential uses and applications of medicinal plants, and herbs from different sources, in diverse forms, had become the basic fundamental norm in the health sector of the global population. In accordance to WHO findings, about 80% of the world population use one form of me- dicinal plants or herbs at their homes for prevention, and curing different types of diseases that have bedeviled humans in the 21st century largely due to our lifestyles-food materials that we eat, numerous different drinks either soda or alcohol or otherwise that most cases if not check are inimical to our health at a long run; smoke pluming into the air, and find their ways into our lungs with lots of chemical compositions that are often lethal to the hosts in no time. Lots of effluents from industries and factories stemming from the extensive industrial revolution at different times to date are channeled into rivers, lagoons, seas, and oceans which eventually find their way into the sources of humans and animals’ portable water. Others dug huge craters to empty such disastrous and cancer- ous-laden effluents that find its way to the water table and pollute our fresh drinkable water with lots of diseases such as cancer, skin diseases, and stimulation of mutagenesis. Industrialization had come with lots of costs on our lives, and that of animals because of improper disposal of mountains of wastes, effective management of natural resources, and illegal human activities in the biosphere that is easily seen by those with goo-goo eyes In most rural areas, medicinal plants and herbs had become part of the basic health in- puts due to no availability of modern medicines, health facilities, and aids with trained personnel to man such indispensable sensitive equipment and instruments. Where they exist, the costs aren’t affordable by the majority of the rural dwellers [1, 2]. |
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| 60 A Novel Method for Mining Heterogeneous Lung Cancer from Computer Tomography (CT) Scan, Denny Dominic and Krishnan Balachandran Early detection of any type of cancer, especially lung cancer, one of the world’s worst diseases, can save a lot of lives. By using the early forecast, we will be able to increase life expectancy and decrease death. While there are other approaches for detecting lung cancer cells, such as X-rays and CT scans, CT pictures were found to be more preferred. CT scans, for example, use 2D images to get more accurate results. The proposed approach here will cover how to interpret CT pictures from a Computer Tomography (CT) Scan with the Confusion Matrix for Mining Heterogeneous Lung Cancer. This study will look at how image conversion may be performed using various image processing approaches to get better outcomes from CT images. The Confusion Matrix is a tool for calculating inequality in an image pattern. Following Confusion Matrix’s examination of the processed images, a final accura- cy of 93 percent is attained. Keywords: Computer Tomography (CT); Mining; Confusion Matrix; Lung Cancer |
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| 61 A Digitized Remote Home Health Care Approach to Patient Monitoring, Comfort and Recovery, Ricardo Rodriguez Home health care management for dwellers and the elderly is much of a desire than a real time opportunity for most. The future points to homes having a room designated for health care just as a kitchen, bathroom or dining room form essential rooms in a house. This choice of location however must be outfitted with equipment capable of monitoring health, logging and retrieving data for remote communication to those involved in virtual medicine, for diagnosis. |
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| 62 What did 3 Years of Medical Humanism leave in me? Feelings, Judgments and Experiences Narrated by Medical Students, Humberto Correa-Rivero During the 20 th century, the sociocultural paradigm of the West underwent a significant change, imposing antihuman values. This metamorphosis (individualism, the desire for power and wealth prevailed over brotherhood and compassion) was coincid- ed with extraordinary scientific and technical development. The new paradigm colonized the minds of physicians and medical training curricula. Medicine became self-centered, cold, fragmented, and practically ignored affectivity. The reaction to this spir- itual degradation of medicine was the humanist movement in medicine that originated in the twentieth century but has been developed more in the XXI century, spreading through many countries in the West and also in the East. Currently in the curricula of many schools we find the area of “Humanization of medicine”. In the Faculty of Medicine of the CLAEH University of Uruguay “Humanismo Medico” (HM) is a compulsory subject that is taken during 3 clinical years (70 hours per year) and its practice is experiential. Likewise, we have found it of great interest to know the perceptions, reflections and feelings (self-declared) of the students about their own changes at the end of all the training cycles of HM. Based on 77 opinions (out of 111 issued) of 20 4 th year students, we were able to verify that taking HM had caused very important changes in them towards a more humanistic identity. They state that they perceived; 1) a deep inner rational and affective transformation and they observed an increase in their introspection, critical thinking, self-analysis, empathy and emotional balance, 2) greater capacity to plan a professional life with greater well-being, 3) improvement of group interrelationship, which has been more open, sincere and fraternal; 4) ability to share reflections and anguish and 5) acquisition of a holistic view of sick people and better skills to listen and accompany them, and relate to their families. |
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| 63 Reduction and Relief of Cancer using Activated Light Emitting Diode, Sunao Sugihara, Hiroshi Maiwa and Kunihiko Hatanaka We report various researches on minimal catalyst (MICA) water and spin information gauge network (SIGN) water from 2009 to the present. The theme is our body, besides plants, animals, and substances like vinyl bags, fiber and LED light even atmosphere. Furthermore, we also reported the change of atoms from radioactive cesium to stable barium after the Fukushima accident in 2011. Our water science and technology are relevant to dissociating hydrogen bonds in water. We fabricated SIGN water under the pressure of more than 100MPa rather than 3MPa for MICA water. The difference may be the abundance rate of the elementary-like particle (infoton) after hydrogen bond dissociation; namely, we assume three times in SIGN water than MICA water, although it is the same works, and both emit far-infrared through terahertz. Here, we focus on SIGN water and present re- cent research on oxidation-reduction. Potential and blood tests involving diabetes besides user’s comments after using the water and the activated LED light to the affected parts on our body. |
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| 64 Halalopathy: Improving Potential Energy and Minimising Entropy offer an Integrative approach for more Effective Treatment, Jawad Alzeer Efforts to improve prevention and cure are commendable. Many concepts have been introduced and implemented for this purpose. However, improving the effectiveness of existing medicines remains a challenge for research. Permissible medicine “Ha- lalopathy” offers a new perspective to prevent disease by controlling the entropic state and/or facilitating cure by implementing the concept of permissible medicine. The entropic state is controlled by enriching the state of “no fear, no grief”, while permissi- ble medicine establishes a compatible relationship between therapeutic medicines and people’s lifestyle. The healing power of each effect contributes to the healing process and enhances the overall effect of the medicine. Keywords: Halalopathy; potential energy; entropy; healing |
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| 65 The Impact of Behavioural Change Counseling on Depression among the Elderly, Asma Hamdoon Hamad AL and Alya Ali Abdullah AL Hasni Objectives: Depression is the second leading cause of disability among elderly patients and negatively affects quality of life. This study aimed to explore the impact of a behavioural counselling intervention on elderly patients with depression in Oman. The hypothesis was that, as engagement with social support and activities increased, depression score would decline. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 16 elderly patients attending the elderly outpatient clinic of Al Ghubra Health Centre, a primary health care (PHC) institution in Muscat, Oman. All patients had been diagnosed with depression using the 15- item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Each patient underwent short weekly behavioural counselling sessions involving cog- nitive behavioural therapy, problem-solving therapy and interpersonal therapy over a period of four months. Pre- and post-inter- vention GDS-15 scores were compared to assess the impact of the intervention using a paired sample t-test. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean GDS-15 score following the intervention (mean score: 8.63 ± 3.18 versus 6.00 ± 3.69; P |
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| 66 Dose Evaluation of a Car Occupant in Dual Energy X-Ray Automobile Inspection System, Mahdi Kahani and Samaneh Hashemi The aim of this study is to assess the risk of car passengers in Dual Energy X-ray inspection devices and to determine the maximum number of passes through the system in a given amount of time. The MCNPX code was used to simulate a newly fabri- cated dual-energy X-ray car inspection device, which included an X-ray tube, detector arrays, and a rando phantom, to their exact specifications. A Rando phantom was placed in a car and TLD dosimeters were placed within different sections of the phantom for experimental dosimetry. The maximum equivalent dose was absorbed in the gastric, breast, and lungs in experimental re- sults, while simulation results showed that this quantity belongs to bone surfaces and gastric. Based on simulation results and experimental dosimetry, the total equivalent dose of 155 kVp is 0.256 and 0.276 Sv, respectively, with a difference of 7%. The results showed that the MCNPX is suitable for dosimetry in this case. The system falls into the category of devices of limited utility, according to the ANSI standard. Anyone can move through this machine a maximum of 806, 66, and 15 times in a year, month, and week. Keywords: Dual-Energy X-ray; Inspection Devices; Monte Carlo Simulation; TLD Dosimetry |
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| 67 Service Marketing, Santiago Restrepo Garizabal Is important to bear in mind that the company may be within of a market with the different product and service, need to know, which is what the consumer wants or what you are looking wing when purchasing a product or service, these, which must have strategies to fully satisfy customer needs and achieve the objectives and targets in the company. The service sector is of great importance in the global economy, because the services are found in all parties, is for a medical consultation, restaurant, travel, daily transportation, school or university, at the supermarket or market. From there, the impor- tance of knowing a little about the marketing of services. Use the marketing services to increase sales and must be designed and offered in such a way that meets customer needs. Keywords: Company; marketing; consumer; services; product; sale |
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| 68 Importance of Journals, Scientific Writing and Publishing, Said Kural The Covid 19 pandemic has affected every aspect of our lives and changed the way the world works, and also changed people’s perspective on health systems so far. Patients stay away from hospitals, hinder their checkups during this time, and cause significant diagnosis or treatment delays [1]. People who do not know how to deal with such a shocking disaster and seek alternative solutions were easy prey for pseudo-scientists. Who uses the reputation and power of medical science and thus gains trust, serves their own personal interests and disregards public health by trying to sell some herbal mixtures and homeopathic pseudo-drugs. Thus, modern and accurate health care was blocked or delayed more in many scenarios; the problems caused by the pandemic have deepened, and inequalities in health have increased more and more. As this whole process and short-term results show, the most critical way to deal with all developments in life is to be on the path of science. Because even against a virus effective enough to affect the world and cause a pandemic, four different vaccines were developed for coronavirus, a little more than a year after the first case of COVID-19 was iden- tified [2]. This alone is a glorious victory for the medical and scientific community worldwide. |
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| 69 Perspective study on Pharmacological and Therapeutic potential of Centella asiatica, Poovizhi T, Krishnaprabha V and Uthira L Centella asiatica (L.) is a perennial, climbing plant, barely fragrant and an expensive therapeutic herb worldwide. It is common- ly disseminated all the way through humid and subtropical provinces. The appliance of Centella in foodstuff and beverages has improved in modern era due to its favourable functional properties. The plant and its synthetic constituents are recurrently uti- lized for the therapy of several nootropic disorders, cognitive disorder, platelets conglomeration, burn wounds, hypertonic scars, insomnia, psoriasis, skin cell reconstruction and curing. Centella determines the greater part of its pharmacological actions from four foremost bioactive triterpene glycosides specifically, asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassoside and madecassic acid (termed as centellosides). This current search have another look at focuses to impart inclusive information on pharmacology, various preclinical and clinical studies, safety precautions, mechanisms of action and present research scenario of the herb. Keywords: phytoconstituents; pharmacological activities; triterpenoids; bioactive components |
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| 70 Nature of Personality Patterns and Coping Strategies among Female Indian Classical Dancers (Bharatanatyam Dancers) and Contemporary Dancers, Sharmistha Mitra, Sanchita Ghosh and Sathi Das The Personality pattern and coping skill both are very important aspects for a dancer because these characteristics support them to resolve the stress of stage performance in front of the audience or if doing any mistakes in the dance. The main aim of the present study is to analyze and compare the personality pattern, coping strategies of Indian classical dancers (Bharatnatyam Dancers) and Contemporary dancers. The sample size was 90, divided into 3 groups, i.e., Indian classical Dance Group (Bharat- natyam Dancers), Contemporary Dance Group, and Control group (non-dancer). Each group consisted of 30 female participants, age ranging between 19 to 22 years, selected from different established dance institutes across Kolkata. The NEO Five factor Inventory- Revised (Costa, Robert & Mc.Crae, 1991) and Coping Checklist II (Rao, Subbakrishna, and Prabhu,1989) were admin- istered to the participants. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, SD), Inferential Statistics (ANOVA one way and Post Hoc- Turkey Tests) and product moment correlation were applied. Results – 1) Indian classical dance Group (Bhartanatyam Dancers) is using a significantly greater amount of agreeableness, conscientiousness, religion & faith coping strategies, and social support seeking coping strategies. 2) Contemporary Dance Group is using a significantly greater amount of extraversion, open- ness and acceptance coping strategies. Keywords: Personality Pattern; Coping Strategies; Bharatnatyam Dancers; Contemporary Dancers |
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| 71 How to keep Farm Products and Soils Healthy in Agricultural Chemicals as well as a Human Body, Sunao Sugihara and Hiroshi Maiwa Our health on the earth has been threatened since the middle of the 1990s. Mostly, Flood and droughts due to climate change also affect the food supply in agriculture. We need healthy soils, clean water, and sunlight as well known. On the other hand, they want enough harvest and efficiency in plant growth. However, they are also a necessary theme for everybody globally, and they fertilize and spray pesticides containing various chemical medicine. As a result, we may damage, and the risk will be spread because of scattering from the air. Therefore, what we take the balance of these themes must be an increasingly imminent issue. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to inform why we use SIGN water so that we can achieve decrease of the damages with agricultural chemicals, and good harvest to use it. Here, we propose the usage of pesticides as little as possible so that we reduce the effects on crops and soils with our pico-sized water. Keywords: agricultural; medicals; pico-sized water; hydrogen bond; reduction |
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| 72 Evaluation Methods of the Extended-Particle Water after Hydrogen Bond Dissociation, Sunao Sugihara Water studies are widespread globally, and the methods are various kinds of technology. Some researchers study soft X-ray emission spectrometer [1], neutron diffraction [2], Raman scattering spectroscopy [3], Fourier transfer infrared spectra (FTIR) [4]. Those stud- ies are mostly on H 2 O or any substance’s compound with water. The contents are a structure like an angle of the O-H bond in the water molecule. Some interesting issues include hydrogen cation [5], Rydberg, and valence-shell character in H2 [6] |
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| 73 Comparison of Dimensional Changes of Feet during Late Gestation between Nulliparous, Primiparous, and Multiparous Women, Avani Pal and Arati Mahishale Introduction: Pregnancy is a time of many physical and physiological changes. Increased ligamentous laxity and hormonal chang- es leads to significant postural deviations and musculoskeletal changes. In addition, increased body weight of pregnancy, fluid retention lowers the arches of the foot, further adding to foot’s length and width. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find and compare the dimensional changes of feet during pregnancy in nulliparous (Group-A) primiparous (Group-B) and multiparous (Group-C) women. Methods: A cross- sectional study involved a sample of 90 participants (30 in each group), in the age group of 18 – 35 years with gestational age of 32- 36weeks were measured for Foot arch index (FAI) and Navicular drop Test (NDT). Baseline characteristics were recorded, and BMI was calculated. Results: Results showed a statistically significant difference in dimensions of foot markedly in group-B (P-value 0.00001) and group-C (P-value 0.0008) as compared to group-A. However, no significant difference was found between the trimester and total foot length in all the groups. There was significant change in Width of the foot (P- value 0.0018) markedly in group-B (P-value 0.0127) and group-C (P- value 0.0005). The Foot arch Index was positively correlated with Navicular Drop test, but negatively correlated with total length and width of foot. Conclusion: The study concluded that there are dimensional changes of foot that occurs during pregnancy more in multipara than primipara irrespective of the trimester. Keywords: Pregnancy; Flat foot; Foot dimensions; Foot arch index (FAI); Navicular drop Test (NDT) |
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| 74 The Importance of Interpreting the Study Data in a Meaningful Way, Rahul Dhanda Often is the case that researchers rely on just the statistical significance of the result in question to convey the study results to a broader audience, whether that is a publication or a presentation at a medical meeting. Ignored are the interpretation from the clinical perspective and the magnitude of the statistic in question. A noticeable misstep is the interpretation of the correlation coefficient, often times the researcher interprets the p-value and leaves it at that. Not discussed is the degree of association, whether there is no, weak, moderate, or strong correlation. |
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| 75 Smoking and Infertility: Female Health-Care and Reproductive Risks Associated with Smoking., Mustafa Zakaria, Aya Al-ibraheemi, Wassym Senhaji, Mohammed Ennaji, Noureddine Louanjli and Mohammed Zarqaoui Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, men- strual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, menstrual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Furthermore, several cigarette smoke compounds have toxic impacts on clinical IVF/ICSI treatment. Keywords: Smoking and female reproductive health; Oviduct damage by smoking; Pregnancy risk associated with smoking; Impact of smoking on fertility; embryo implementation; life birth rate (ART treatment) |
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| 76 Management of Acute Lithiasic Cholecystitis in a Secondary Hospital: Somine Dolo Hospital in Mopti Epidemiological Aspects, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Evolution, B Traoré, M Coulibaly, D Traoré, O Guindo, A Traoré, D Cisse, P Coulibaly, S Mariko, A Guindo, DT Théra, ARB Sidbé, KI Keita, MS Konate, FM Keita, S Toure, D Samaké and AP Togo Acute cholecystitis can now have an impact worthy of interest in black Africa, although it was considered rare in the past. Several surgical works currently published in Africa have demonstrated this. The objective of this work was therefore to determine the hospital frequency in the department of general surgery of acute lithiasic cholecystitis, to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, to describe the surgical follow-up and to evaluate the cost of management. This was a retrospective and prospective study that was carried out from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 in the general surgery department of the Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti. It involved 46 patients including 16 men and 30 women with an av- erage age of 50.64 years ± 14.97 and sex-ratio of 0.54, having been operated by intraoperatively confirmed acute cholecystitis laparotomy. The annual frequency was 15.33 cases/year. The defense sign in right hypochondrium was found in all our patients. Cholecys- tectomy was the rule of surgical treatment in the absence of the laparoscopy spine, and non-training of surgeons in coeliosurgery, all our patients were operated by conventional surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy were performed in all our patients. Vesicular bed drainage 45(97.8%) was the main surgical procedure associated with cholecystectomy Operative soot was simple in 84.8% of our patients. The morbidity rate was 13.04%; the mortality rate was 2.17%. |
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| 77 Transfer of the Posterior Tibialis on the Lateral Cuneiform in Paralysis of the Elevator Muscles of the Foot, Coulibaly Kalifa, Traoré S, Sanogo CO1, Diallo A, Djiré I, Keïta G, Diallo S, Tambassi S and Berthé M The paralysis of the foot elevators is a common condition with a variety of etiologies. The transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform constitutes the surgical gesture of reference to compensate for the deficit of the elevators of the foot. Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate the result of the transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform. Patients and Method This was a descriptive retrospective study from January 2006 to December 2021. During the study period, we operated on 07 patients with paralysis of the foot elevators at the Regional Hospital of Kayes and at the University Hospital of Kati. The results were assessed according to the raising and maintenance of the plantigrade position of the foot. Results The use of the aforementioned judgment criteria allowed us to classify our Patients into four very good results, two good re- sults and one poor result. The only bad result was hind foot varus with posterior tibialis side 4. Conclusion The transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform ensures the effective raising of the foot. Postoperative rehabilita- tion is an integral part of the therapeutic protocol to restore the transferred muscle to its initial strength. Keywords: paralysis; foot elevators; Surgery; posterior tibialis |
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| 78 Stigma Networks towards the formation of Intellectual Capital in the Face of COVID-19, Wilfrido Isidro Aldana Balderas, Arturo Sanchez Sanchez, Francisco Espinoza Morales and Cruz Garcia Lirios A documentary study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed in international repositories, con- sidering the year of publication and the relationship between the concepts of organization and human capital. The empirical test of the null hypothesis suggests the non-rejection of a significant difference between the findings reported in the literature with respect to the observations and analyzes carried out in the present work. It is concluded that the observed sample can anticipate a scenario of convergence between labor stigma and talents in their modality of human, intellectual and intangible capital in the organizations that were studied during the pandemic period from December 2019 to April 2022. Keywords: COVID-19; Human capital; Intellectual capital; Intangible capital |
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| 79 A Novel Solution Viz a Viz Climate Change, Mister Seun Ayoade arious views on climate change exist. Many proposals to combat it also exist. Since I hold an unconventional view about the origin of life and the earth [1] some may wonder if I also hold an unconventional view about how to preserve the planet. My view on climate change and how to stop it is: 1. Cellular dust created the universe, the earth and the climate thereof 2. If scientists acknowledge the existence of the microzymas and learn to manipulate them we can terraform the planet to our liking 3. Since microzymas never die, if scientists fail to do the above earth could be ruined-however the microzymas will probably create another earth with new flora, fauna and man. |
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| 80 Road Safety Measures among Adolescents and Youths, Safeena Beevi SS Road safety is both a health and development issue of concern. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabili- ties and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world and India in particular. As per the ‘Road Accidents in India 2020’, there were 3,66,138 unfortunate road accidents during 2020, which claimed 1,31,714 lives and caused injuries to 3,48,279 per- sons [1]. As per the World Health Organization, at least one out of 10 persons killed on roads across the world is from India and India positions first in the number of road accident deaths worldwide. The youth are particularly vulnerable on the world’s roads, and road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5-29 years [2]. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) has considered road safety an issue of paramount importance. It has been taking proactive steps to address it by a technique called 4Es, Education, Engineering (of both roads and vehicles), Enforcement and Emergency care. Hence instruction and education to the adolescent and youth are of utmost importance to prevent road traffic accidents |
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| 81 Etiology Analysis and Antimicrobial Selection in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Kundan Kumar Chaudhary, Abhishek Adhikari, Krishna Kumar Sah, Subash Kumar Chaudhary, He Li, Gong and Jing Ping ma Objective: This study was conducted to prospectively analyze the clinical features of hospitalized patients with Acute Exacer- bation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD), sputum culture and drug susceptibility results, and the use and efficacy of antimicrobial to guide the pathogens of AECOPD hospitalized patients. Learning judgment and choice of antimicrobial drugs. Materials and Methods: A total of 327 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Among them, 46 patients were positive for sputum microbial culture, and 48 positive sputum culture results were obtained. The demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI index), smoking history, acute exacerbation/year, mMRC score were statistically analyzed. CAT score, lung function index, presence or absence of respiratory failure, sputum culture type and drug sensitivity, antibacterial drug selection. All data were tabulated and divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of respira- tory failure. The clinical data and etiology differences of the 2 groups were counted. According to the sputum culture, G-negative bacilli or fungi were divided into two groups, and the clinical data of the two groups were counted. The measurement data were mean±standard error, and the percentage was used. The statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test. The measure- ment data were analyzed by independent sample t test. The count data were analyzed by chi-square test. The P value was less than 0.05, which was statistically significant. Results: A total of 327 cases were involved in the study, of which 48 were positive for sputum culture (46 patients). In the positive patients, 41 males (89.10%) and 5 females (10.4%) showed that males had higher prevalence than females. The most common age group is mostly 70-79 years old, with an average age of 73.08 years. During the follow-up, 8 people died in first year (58-83 years old, average 70.1 years old), and the mortality rate was 17.39%. Among the 46 patients, the available data were analyzed, BMI: 22.68 ± 0.67 (N = 28), AE / year: 1.82 ± 0.12 (N = 46), age (years): 73.52 ± 1.22 (N = 46), mMRC: 2.82±0.20 (N=28), CAT: 23.55±1.43 (N=27), FEV1:1.05±0.08 (N=28), FEV1%: 45.21%±3.29% (N=28), FVC: 2.25±0.11 (N=28), FVC%: 75.07% ± 3.4% (N=28). The most common microorganism in sputum culture was Candida albicans (50%), a total of 24 cases. There were 14 cases (30%) of bacterial infections and 34 cases (70%) of fungal infections. The most commonly used antibiotics for AECOPD patients are fluoroquinolones, followed by ceftazidime, followed by carbomycins, and antifungal drugs are most commonly flu- conazole, followed by voriconazole. There was a statistically significant difference in the composition ratio between bacteria |
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| 82 Fibrous Dysplasia of the Paranasal Sinuses - A Rare Presentation, Apurva Vatkar, Amrapali-Keny Pawar, Dhanashree Chiplunkar and Jisha Sathyan Fibrous Dysplasia is a benign condition of the bone in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibrous (connective) tissue. This abnormal bone is quite fragile and prone to fracture. Pain may occur at the presenting site. But symptoms are variable and it may be completely asymptomatic, apart from the cosmetic deformity due to the abnormal bone growth. Fibrous Dysplasia generally affects the long bones of the legs like the Tibia and the Fibula. Common sites of Fibrous Dysplasia in the head neck region are the maxillary bone and the mandibular bone [1]. However, we came across an abnormal presentation of FD of the Nasal and Paranasal bones which is described below |
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| 83 The CCL5 in Breast Cancer is Platelet CCL5- A Hypothesis, Pushpam Kumar Sinha CCL2 and CCL5 are the two chemokines plentifully expressed in Breast Cancer (BC). Close associations between CCL2 and CCL5 have been hypothesized; and both have been demonstrated to confer metastatic potential to the BC cells. Hence understand- ing the biology of either will shed light on the other. And in this paper I choose to investigate the source of CCL5 (in BC cells). Pin-pointing the source of CCL5 will lead to focused therapeutic intervention against BC metastasis. Through the analysis of con- nections between CCL5 and Interleukin 8 (IL8), I hypothesize that the CCL5 in BC is platelet CCL5. As a result of this hypothesis Aspirin seems to be the focused drug against BC metastasis. But there are challenges with using this drug in BC patient who is also simultaneously not suffering from any cardiovascular disorder. Keywords: Chemokines; Milieu of Tumor Cells; Monocytes; Macrophages; Platelet suspension |
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| 84 Medical Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal in Hospitalized Patients at a Community Based Network of Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Anna Squibb, Kathleen Patton, Claire Nelson and Bhakti Chauvin Background: In the United States over 500,000 episodes of alcohol withdrawal require pharmacological treatment each year [1]. The medications for withdrawal treatment in the U.S. are benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Studies suggest these treatments are equivocal, [2] however, studies comparing outcomes of the two medications have been limited. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to compare alcohol withdrawal treatment with benzodiazepine and phenobar- bital medication classes alone or in combination in hospitalized patients in a 8 hospital community-based healthcare system. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 1,602 hospital encounters with a principal diagnosis of alcohol withdrawal from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2019. Encounters were evaluated for type of pharmacologic treatment, 30-day readmission rate, ICU admission, and intubation rates. Results: When comparing the treatment groups, patients in the phenobarbital treatment group compared to the benzodiazepine group had a statistically significant higher admission to ICU at 42% versus 28% respectively (p=0.0160). Phenobarbital and ben- zodiazepines were not statistically significantly different in intubation rate (p= 0.3690) or 30-day readmission rate (p=0.8626). Rates of 30-day readmission and intensive care (ICU) admission were statistically significant between the three pharmacologic treatment groups (p |
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| 85 Brunneroma-Uncommon Tumor of Duodenum, Tejas Maheshwari, Vishal Goyal and Bhagwani Bai Maheshwari Brunneroma (Tumor of the Brunner’s gland) is an uncommon tumor of the duodenum. They are, probably, not true neoplasms but hamartomas arising from Brunner’s gland and may represent a protective phenomenon against gastric hypersecretion. It presents with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and bloating or gastric outlet obstruction. Usually, they are treated with endoscopic resection, with some lesions requiring surgical intervention. We present here a case of pedunculated poly of first part of duodenum which was consistent with Brunneroma on histopathology. Tumor of Brunner gland is known as Brunner gland adenoma. They are also referred to as Brunneroma or polypoidal hamartoma. These lesions are usually benign with a low malignancy potential. Keywords: Brunneroma; Duodenum; Hamartomas; polyp |
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| 86 Discomfort in Medicine, Humberto Correa-Rivero Arnold-Forster et al have recently pointed out their concern for the progressive deterioration of the mental health of doctors and for the neglect or ignorance that the medical health organizations in which they work have for their affective problems. They point out several causal factors, not only for the mental suffering of doctors, but also for the fact that the following is not taken into account: 1) the idea of the doctor as an exceptional being in society, 2) the social conviction that they must deny themselves and give themselves to others, 3) the dominant concept that their mental health and all their affective problems are their own responsibility, signs of disaffection, and are not the responsibility of the system in which they work. This brings us back to the topic of “discomfort in medicine” that we have addressed earlier. We propose to frame the affective disorders and discomfort of doctors and their causes in a larger psycho-social-professional framework, which is multicausal, currently dominates Western culture and which results in the deterioration of human behavior. In medicine, this results in the dehumanization of medical care, patient care and the health of doctors. They are not isolated events, but dependent on each other. Mutual causality includes the effects of the exponential increase in knowledge in science and technology, the accentuation of medical corporatism, the frag- mentation of medical assistance, and the almost total loss of the holistic conception of the patient. We propose that only by following the tradition of a few precursors who have refounded Medical Humanism in the 20 th century and including the compulsory training in medical humanism in the academic curricula (as we have already started in our medical school) can some favorable changes for the well-being of patients and doctors -in no short time-be achieved. |
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| 87 Estimation of the Impact of Sensitization on the Knowledge and Practices of Parents in the Face of Early Marriage in the Urban Commune of Koniakary, IB Bengaly, A Kodio, A Konate, I Goita, MB Coulibaly, F Dicko, Kaya A Soukho, A Diaby, K Sidibe, IH Sidibe, A Sinayoko and A Berthe Introduction: Child marriage is any legal or customary union involving a boy or girl under the age of 18. The study we conduct- ed aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of parents with regard to early marriage. Method and materials: This was an ac- tion research study that took place in three phases, the first consisted of an initial assessment to take stock of knowledge on early marriages and the development of the plan. of action. The second phase was devoted to the implementation of the action plan for improving knowledge about these marriages through information, education and communication sessions. Finally, the third consisted of a final evaluation to observe the evolution after the action plan over a period of four months from April to July 2017 in the urban municipality of Koniakary/Region of Kayes. 99 people participated in this study during the evaluations. Results: The most represented age group was 41-45 years with 40.3% of cases. The primary evaluation made it possible to identify shortcom- ings and relative exact answers were provided. This led us to have a great progress in the secondary evaluation: the knowledge on the age of the marriage evolved favorably because 78.8% thought that it was less than 14 years for the age of marriage at the beginning of the study against 10.1% at the final evaluation. The main reasons for these early marriages mentioned were the eviction of illegitimate pregnancies in 58.6% of cases. The decision makers in these marriages were the father and the other men in the family in 62.6% of cases. Conclusion: The decision-makers of these early marriages were male adults who did not know the age of marriage according to the texts in Mali nor the dangers that young people faced in early marriages. Thus the action plan that we have implemented has improved the knowledge of those surveyed in relation to early marriage. Keywords: Knowledge; Practices; Early Marriages; Koniakary |
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| 88 Atorvastatin Induced Constipation, B Akhila sai, Anusha Yadagani, Mounika Maduri and Avanish Illuri A 72-year-old with high cholesterol levels (Hypercholesteremia) was advised to take Atorvastatin 20 mg (Atorva-20 mg) which led to constipation and abdominal discomfort. As management, the Atorvastatin was discontinued and replaced with Rosuvas- tatin. The symptoms of constipation were reduced after cessation of the suspect drug Atorvastatin. The possible mechanisms for the event were unknown but has some proposed mechanisms like1. Levels of Nitric oxide 2. Inhibiting the production of melvonic acid 3. Decrease in coenzyme Q10. Keywords: Atorvastatin; adverse event; Constipation; Naranjo scale, Melvonic acid, Coenzyme Q10 |
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| 89 Patient Voice in Clinical Trial Outcome Assessments, Rahul Dhanda and Gurdyal Kalsi Since the early 90s, there has been an increasing interest in incorporating clinical outcome assessment (COA) in clinical trials to measure how a patient feels or functions when describing the treatment benefit (both positive or negative) of an intervention. In 2009, the FDA issued the Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Guidance which lays out the criteria for establishing the ‘fit for purpose’ of a COA, if that COA is to be used along the regulatory pathway (i.e., support approval or labeling). The principles elucidated in the PRO Guidance establish the gold standard for incorporating a COA, and provides the basis for the reliability, validity and interpretability of the COA data collected from a clinical trial on a registration path. |
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| 90 Awareness and Perceptions of College Students on Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP), Olatayo Bamidele Oriolowo, Antakil Asarya and Ganiyu Oladimeji Olarongbe Background: The level of satisfaction of students under the Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Program (TISHIP) is a measure of the success of such scheme. However, valid assessment of the success of TISHIP by students requires good knowledge of its operational guidelines. This study accessed the level of awareness and perceptions of TISHIP students’ enrollees of the Federal Colleges of Education in the North Central geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional investigation in which 188 selected participants completed self-admin- istered semi-structured questionnaires, Student TISHIP Awareness, Perception and Evaluation Questionnaire (STAPEQ). Data collated was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages and inferential statistics of chi-square and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were raised and formulated respectively to guide to the study. Results: The results show that an average of 75.55% of the students was fully aware of TISHIP objectives, 62.74% were aware of the benefits, 41.0% were aware of their responsibility. Many of them (69.2%) were not aware of the procedures to seek for redress when dissatisfied with services they received from their healthcare providers. 73.4% believed their healthcare providers operate in clean environment, 70.21% felt that doctors and nurses were cordial and friendly, 62.7% claimed to have experienced long waiting period before doctors/nurses consultations. 63.83% of the respondents agreed to be satisfied with the quality of service rendered by their healthcare providers. There were no significant differences in level of awareness and perceptions of the two groups of students on TISHIP operation and service delivery respectively. Conclusion: The study therefore recommended more enlightenment of students on TISHIP operational guidelines in order min- imize the level of their misgivings about the scheme. Moreover, government should employ more medical personnel especially doctors in order to solve the challenge of long waiting period before medical consultations. Keywords: TISHIP; Healthcare providers; Awareness; Perception; Satisfaction; College |
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| 91 Folk Dentists Voicing their Plight-An Ethnographic Exploration, Madhur Mrinal, Sarbjeet Khurana, Mehak Segan, Rajeev Janardan and PK Upadhyay An ethnographic study of folk dentists was conducted in Delhi. Ten case studies of folk dentists and their patients were anal- ysed for various domains of content analysis (CA). Data were collected through mixed method of data collection with some basic research questions guide for the folk dentists and patients during the COVID-19 partial lockdown period in Delhi. The CA for primary cases, secondary cases and for patients was analysed for various domains. Results reveal various aspects of their prac- tices and issues on roadside assets in clinic, health and hygiene, family traditions, pride in work, income/economics, duration of their practices and uncertainties. Similarly, patients were analysed for their views on cheap services, health and hygiene, easily approachable folk experiences and quality of services. The researchers illuminated the policy issues of folk or traditional dentists practicing in a metropolitan city and their patients’ perspectives for their dental public health concerns and have made some recommendations to their salient voice. Keywords: Dental Public Health; Ethnography; Folk Dentistry; Roadside Dentists |
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| 92 The Initial Management of the Covid-19 Outbreak in Senegal, Bousso Abdoulaye, Ly Alioune Badara, Sonko Ibrahima, Dieng Allé Baba, Thiam Zeynab, Faye Ndiouma, Lakhe Aissatou, Ba Papa samba, Faye Ousmane, Diaw Papa Alassane, Sall Amadou and Seydi Moussa Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world. The African continent did not remain. Senegal is one of the most affected African countries and has demonstrated its capacity to manage this outbreak. Our aim is to share the epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 and the strategy put in place during the first 6 months of evolution. Method: All patients tested COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR were recorded during the first six months of the epidemic: from March 2, 2020 (date of the first case) to September 2, 2020, across the entire national territory. An analysis of the epidemiological data was carried out. Results: With 13,826 positive cases recorded in six months, the impact was less than expected, with mortality not exceeding 2.08%. All regions of Senegal are affected, with the epicenter in Dakar, the capital. Male predominance is noted in the number of positive cases and deaths. The young population was the most affected with an average age of 41 years. Those over 60 years of age were the most vulnerable, particularly with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Conclusion: The dynamic of the management strategy has made it possible to ensure the resilience of the health system through the implementation of care centers throughout the country and decentralized mobile laboratories. The VIDOC-19 pandemic has put a strain on our fragile health systems. However, the response and the results achieved highlight the significant progress made by our country |
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| 93 Nasal Glioma Presenting as Cystic Lesion at Bridge of Nose, an Exemplary Case of Displacement of Neuroglial Tissue in Extracranial Sites, G Tiwary, K Upadhyay, Kartikeya U and PK Upadhyay Presentation at the brige and root of nose sometimes be a nasal glioma. One such case is presented so as to make nasal surgeon, general surgeon aware of this neurosurgical intity. Keywords: Nasal glial heterotopia; infant; nasal glioma |
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| 94 Knowledge And Attitude Towards Palliative Care Among Clinical Undergraduate Students of Physiotherapy in Nigerian Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study, Marufat Oluyemisi Odetunde, Olurotimi Idowu Aaron, Adaobi Magraet Okonji, Jessie Chiamaka Nwankwo and Afolabi Muyiwa Owojuyigbe Objective: This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude of clinical undergraduate students of physiotherapy in Nigerian universities towards palliative care. Materials Method: This was a cross sectional survey involving 281 (132 females and 149 males) clinical physiotherapy under- graduates from 10 purposively selected universities across Nigeria. Palliative care knowledge was assessed with a structured questionnaire on palliative care awareness while attitude was assessed using FROMMELT attitude towards care of the dying scale (FATCOD). Both questionnaires were administered online via Google forms. Socio-demographic data of each respondent was also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Level of significance was set at p |
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| 95 Physical Activity Level and its Association with Corpulence among Adolescents Attending School from Marrakech-Safi Region (Morocco), Abdelmoujoud El haboussi, Mohamed-Kamal Hilali, Mohamed Loukid and Rekia Belahsen Background: Several studies have examined the association between physical activity and body size globally. However, few researches has focused on this aspect in Morocco. The objective of this study is therefore to explore the level of physical activity and its association with certain anthropometric indicators of corpulence among Moroccan schoolers of Marrakech city and in the province of Al-Haouz. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed using a questionnaire to examine PA behavior in 1173 high school students, aged 15 to 19 years. Measurements of the respondents ‘height and weight and body fat percentages using an impedance meter. The PA level was estimated based on the participants’ total daily energy expenditure. Results: The survey data show that students spend, on average, 4 hours per day in front of a screen and only 63 minutes in a sporting activity and that 25% of students are moderately active while 20% are considered to be sedentary active. Averages of body mass index (BMI) and body fat are much higher in the sedentary group compared to the moderately active group, with dif- ferences in mean BMI and body fat respectively of 1.24 kg / m2 (F = 4.8; p = 0.009) and 1.62% (F = 3.79; p = 0.023) in boys, and 1.33 kg / m2 (F = 6.21; p = 0.002) and 2.48 % (F = 3.54; p = 0.03) in girls. Conclusion: The present study results reveal further evidence of the need to promote physical activity among high school stu- dents. Keywords: physical activity; corpulence; BMI; fat mass; schoolchildren, Marrakesh; Morocco |
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| 96 Evidence-Based Medicine in Orthopedic, John Christian Parsaoran Butarbutar Orthopedic surgery is a vastly evolving field with an increasing number of publications introducing new implants and innovations each year. Systematic reviews and metanalysis are also booming as it is accepted as the highest level of evidence hierarchy in prestigious or- thopedic journal. Orthopedic surgeons have been challenged by this large number of new publications to appraise this expansion and the increasing number of surgeons depending on systematic reviews as their primary sources. This is not without problems due to the fact that many surgeons do not have formal training in advanced statistics to critically interpret these results. The quality of systematic reviews can only be as good as the primary studies included. There is an increasing concern regarding the low quality of orthopedic primary studies as they may not hold significant clinical applications, which in the end will affect the quality of their systematic reviews and meta-analysis [1-4] |
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| 97 Quadcare Model for Healthcare Providers, Preston L Williams, Joanna P Williams and Bryce R Williams Raising the discussion to participate in the evolution of a healthcare system that reflects the complexity and diversity of the modern integrated healthcare system in alignment with the community is well-documented. However, in this precarious hier- archical environment, there are necessary areas for improvement with respect to progressing the medical professional and key stakeholders beyond a paternalistic or traditional-minded practice. Integral to a synergy that will fuel the U.S. and global health- care markets, this article aims to raise awareness for the audience through evidence-based materials about a paradigm shift in the operative definition of healthcare providers (ie clinical doctors) that has evolved to embrace four instrumental degrees within their respective fields of expertise, the MD, DO, DMSc (PA), and DNP (NP). Essential systematic changes serve to create parity amongst the aforementioned healthcare providers to maximize workplace diversification, inclusion, collaborative care, and professional satisfaction. All of which may translate to improved team dynamics, offset social determinants of health, and ultimately provide greater access to innovative and affordable quality care. Keywords: Quadcare Model; DMSc; DNP; DO; MD; social determinants of health; healthcare institutions; healthcare delivery; col- laborative care; Optimal Team Practice (OTP); change management; burnout; shared decision-making; patient empowerment; healthcare management; intrapersonal functional diversity; professional parity |
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| 98 Ten Actions for Africa to be ready for the Next Pandemic, Abdoulaye Bousso It is always said that our continent is never ready for public health events. We weren’t at the time of the last Ebola outbreak in West Africa [1], and we weren’t at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak as well [2]. Despite the events we have experienced, the means invested, we are in an endless restarting. However, we have an obligation to learn from this COVID-19 pandemic, in order to sustain- ably strengthen our health systems. It is certain that a next public health event will happen, the question is when? Would we be ready? To answer yes, each country will have to implement at least the following ten actions. Integrate the community into health emergency management strategies COVID-19 management has highlighted gaps existing in the community commitment that has led our states to the proliferation of fake news and reluctance to vaccinate. The perception of risk varies greatly across our continent, and even from country to country. It is more than urgent, in view of the next public health event, for a better adhesion of the populations, to involve the community in the preparation process [3]. The involvement of civil society should be strengthened. |
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| 99 Latest Research Roadmap of Approved Drugs & Vaccines for Covid-19 Recovery, Pallavi S Shelke, Prafulla P Adkar, Nikita S Kolte, Surekha N Shegar, Anirudha V Nilangekar, Swapnil B Gadekar, Anuradha M Patil and Komal L Bhosale The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused and is still causing significant mortality and economic conse- quences all over the globe. Till date today, there are four U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioN- Tech, Moderna, Janssen and Novavax COVID-19 vaccines. Also, the antiviral drug remdesivir and two combinations of monoclonal antibody treatments are authorized for Emergency use (EUA) in certain patients. Furthermore, baricitinib- immune modulator was approved in Japan (April 23, 2021) for certain hospitalized adults with covid-19. Despite available vaccines and EUA, phar- macological therapy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is still highly required. There are several ongoing clinical tri- als investigating the efficacy of clinically available drugs in treating COVID-19. In this review, latest novel pharmacological agents for the possible treatment of COVID-19 will be discussed. COVID-19 vaccine is the most promising strategy to end the current pandemic in addition to anti- viral agents. Design of novel anti-viral agents which are specific for SARS-CoV-2 will provide more effective therapy for COVID-19 patients. Development of effective vaccines and anti-viral drugs both needs multidisciplinary cooperation. Before effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are available, current treatment options will come from repurposing drugs. Thus, in this review we aim to highlight potential therapeutic strategies from the viewpoints of clinicians based on updated clinical evidences, and provide a basis for future re- searches of effective antiviral therapies. In the future, the development of new drugs and vaccines relies on multidisciplinary cooperation among structural biologists, chemists, and medical doctors. A knowledge gap of pharmacology for COVID-19 is expected to be filled up. Keywords: COVID-19; Medications; Clinical trials; Management; Prevention; Vaccines |
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| 100 Efficacy of Biflex in Controlling Termites in Two Different Soil Types in Lahore, Khalid Z Rasib, Palwasha Saif, Iqra bibi, Warisha Saif, Khushbo Fatima and Zahid Farooq Termites are causing drastic economical loss as they attack on building, crops and wooden products. The reason of study was to evaluate the effects of biflex, commonly used pesticides in Pakistan to control the termite’s population. A comprehensive survey of laboratory was conducted using biflex, commonly used pesticide to control termites. The results regarding barrier efficacy of biflex in different soil. The aim of this research was to see how effective Biflex (Bifenthrin) termiticides are against a common termite species in the lab. Soil was taken from various locations and after analysis classified as sandy loam soil (SL) or clay loamy soil (CL). In laboratory bioassays, mortality and LC50 values in treated soil were determined after 8 hours and after one month, depending on soil type and the result showed that Sandy loam soil (SL) are more effective than clay loamy soil (CL). Biflex was shown to be more persistent in both soils. Based on these results and the benefits of specific chemical could be effectively used for effective control of termites. Keywords: Toxicity; Repellency; LC50; Persistence; Biflex; Termites; Lahore |
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| 101 Research Collaboration a Sine Qua Non in Modern Studies, Nnodim Johnkennedy, Okechukwu-Ezike Ngozika and Okorochi Alaezi Chinenye Mary Research collaboration consists of researchers from various stature, funding status, nations and different organizations. Fundamen- tally, their collaboration provide mutual understanding, work towards mutually interesting and beneficial research. In today’s global- ized environment, research collaboration is the foundation of the majority of studies. High research quality and fruitful collaboration go hand in hand. The foundation of collaborative research must be shared, up front expectations for the caliber of its outcomes. This is required to create a trustworthy research environment where everyone is willing to contribute and can benefit from the findings [1]. Indeed, in today’s globalized environment, research collaboration is essential to establishing and sustaining a successful research career. Research advancement is facilitated by interdisciplinary, interorganizational, and multinational collaborations that bring to- gether a distinctive array of skills, assets, cultures, and technical know-how [2]. The majority of contemporary health and medical related research rely on cooperation. While a research collaboration is typically understood to be an equal partnership between two or more participants who are pursuing mutually interesting and beneficial re- search, there are many different types and species of research collaborations, and the depth and balance of the relationship between the collaborators can varyp [3] |
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| 102 Efficacy of leaf extracts of apple of Sodom (Calotropisprocera) for the control of subterranean termite Odontotermesobesus, Khalid Zamir Rasib, Iqra Bibi, Muhammad Tayyabul khaliq and Palwahsa Saif Despite serious safety concerns, Calotropisprocera is used for gastrointestinal disorders including constipation, diarrhea and stomach ulcers, even toothache, painful joint, cramps, joint pain and control parasitic infections like worms’ elephantiasis. The subterranean termites Odontotermesobesus is extremely invading wood pests that cause direct economic losses worth billions of dollars throughout the world particularly in humid and subtropic regions. Leaf extract of Calotropisprocera in two solvent hexane and acetone, is used against workers of subterranean termites, mortality. LC50 and tunneling behavior of termites was observed at different concentration of 3%, 7% and 10% respectively and distilled water applied a control. Two solvent hexane and acetone is used for extraction. Data have been analyzed using software Minitab (version 16) at 5% level. |
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| 103 Monkeypox Outbreak in India, Safeena Beevi SS Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection due to monkeypox virus, an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, known as the very significant orthopox viral infection after the small pox is eradicated. The two distinct genetic clades of the monkeypox virus are the central African (Congo Basin) clade and the West African clade. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in India is caused by the West Afri- can clade of the monkeypox virus [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced it as a public health emergency on July 23 and it is clinically less severe than smallpox. The global cases of monkey pox reported in 2022 outbreak is 63,117 as on 14/09/2022 and in India 14 reported cases [2]. |
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| 104 Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0-59 Months, Toralta Nodjitoloum Jos?phine, Souam Nguele S, Djidita Hagre, Granga DD, Abdelsalam T and Brahim Boy O Introduction: Infant malnutrition is endemic in Chad. In 2018 in N’Djamena, the prevalence was 13.5%. This study aimed to identify factors influencing Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children under 59 months admitted to two Medical Feeding Centre in N’Djamena. Patients and method: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of the files of children aged 6 to 59 months admitted for severe acute malnutrition in two feeding centre in N’Djamena, from September 2019 to February 2020. The files were selected randomly, and the study sample size was calculated using the Schwarz formula. Descriptive and analytical analysis was done using Chi-2 and binary logistic regression; a P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Age 0-24 months (p = 0.001), breastfeeding mode (p = 0.027), early diarrhoea (p = 0.040), age of weaning (p = 0.013) and diversification (p = 0.034), self-medication (p = 0.047), and use of traditional care (p = 0.020) were significantly associated with SAM. The mother’s age and education level (p = 0.029) are also factors in the occurrence of SAM. Environmental hygiene and especially hand washing before feeding the child (p = 0.007) were significant for the occurrence of SAM. Conclusion: Factors related to the mother, the child and the environment interact closely to lead to SAM in the child. Only con- crete and multidisciplinary actions can overcome this problem. Keywords: Severe Acute Malnutrition; Infant; Medical Feeding Centre; N’Djamena |
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| 105 Covid Pandemic: Mental Health study in School Children and related Educational Myths, Madhur Mrinal and PK Upadhyay Paper deals with mental health of Children during lockdown where we are sharing our study-first author’s work, a voluntary organization working in Delhi, on the mental health issues of the school children and field work with school children on mental health narratives in pandemic. It finally concludes in discussion on the myths of our education system, digital divide in gender, DGs and EWS and camp model approach. Keywords: Covid-19; Mental Health; School Children and Educational system |
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| 106 Predictive Factors of Mortality of Stroke in the Neurology Department of Hujr of Befelatanana in Antananarivo, Fanomezantsoa Noella Ravelosaona, Parany Haja Rabearisoa, Zafinirina Andriatoavina Rakoto, Seraphin Esperant Andriamampilamina and Djacoba Alain Tehindrazanarivelo Introduction: Stroke is a major public health problem in the world. In Madagascar, mortality from strokes is still relevant. Eval- uating predictors of mortality would allow better treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of the records of patients admitted to the neurology depart- ment during the period January 2015 to December 2019. There have been 1,565 cases of stroke. Results: The death rate from stroke ranges from 6% to 11%. Demographic characteristics are not predictors of mortality. Clin- ical features; especially the onset of complications are the predictors of death in stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke was a poor prog- nosis. Hospital stays of less than 10 days have been associated with mortality in patients with stroke. The NIHSS score has been a good prognostic tool for any type of stroke. For ischemic stroke, an ASPECTS score ≤ 7 was associated with mortality. For hemorrhagic stroke, the ICH score allows a good evaluation of the prognosis of these strokes. Conclusion: The establishment of a neurovascular unit in the University Hospital JR of Befelatanana would help better manage patients with stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. National stroke surveys are needed to better identify national priori- ties. Keywords: ASPECTS; ICH score; Mortality; Predictors; Stroke |
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| 107 Effectiveness of Structured Education with Telephone Support (SETS) on knowledge on Anaemia among Antenatal Women, Karpaga Kanniya, Lisy Joseph, S Aruna and R Poongodi Anaemia during pregnancy is a worldwide problem. Iron deficiency and folate deficiency are considered as two important causes for nutritional anaemia. During pregnancy there is an increase in the iron and folate requirements, therefore, the like- lihood of presenting iron and folate deficiency is high, if there is no supplementation during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured education with telephone support (SETS) on knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. An Experimental pretest posttest control group design was used for this study in which 100 antenatal women of 20-30 weeks of gestation from antenatal outpatient department of tertiary care hospital were selected using consecutive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire to assess knowledge on anaemia was used. Structured education on first day followed by telephonic support once in 3 days for a period of 3 months for the study group and routine care for the control group was given. The study revealed around 50% of the antenatal women were anaemic and knowledge level improved after structured education with telephone support. Structured Education with Telephone Support had a positive effect on improving knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. The nurses must conduct periodic analysis of antenatal women’s knowledge on anaemia and adherence to iron folate supplementation and educate them throughout their pregnancy period for their com- pliance with the medication. Keywords: Anaemia; Pregnant women; knowledge on anaemia; SETS |
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| 108 Theoretical Functions of the Proton and Electron Pair to Mental Disorder with Biophysics, Sunao Sugihara and Hiroshi Maiwa We think the disease not only aging, or gets worse during the aging process like degenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s is a typical one, and there are many diseases not known the causes, or not clear. We must consider not only instrument like X-ray and CT scanning, but also causative agents and its mechanism with biophysics. Here we discuss schizophrenia, clinical depression, and Alzheimer’s. In the viewpoint, we focus on the receptor and neurotransmitter. We regard the amino acids are arginine, dopa- mine, serotonin, and Gaba as the neurotransmitter and the cause. Furthermore, we propose the treatment of the disease from chemical bonding strength of the substances. The method is to use the water which can reduce the state of neurotransmitter and receptor with the pair of proton and electron in the hydrogen bond dissociated water. |
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| 109 Black Triangle Drugs (▼) - An Outline, Ravinandan AP, Nagarathna Poojary Each drugs undergoes clinical trial phase before introducing into pharmaceutical market. Generally clinical trials involve a small number of patients who take the medicine for a short period. During this phase, patients are carefully selected and followed up very closely under controlled conditions. These initial trials will report only more common adverse drug effects. But the rare and long la- tency adverse drug effects can be reported only when the medicine is consumed by a large population [1]. In a real-life setting, a larger and more diverse group of patients will take the medicines. They may have co-morbidities and they may be taking other concomitant medicines also. Some less common or rare side effects may only occur once a medicine has been used for a long time or duration by many people. It is therefore vital that the safety of all medicines continues to be monitored while they are in commercial use. Informa- tion is continuously collected after the medicine is placed on the market to monitor real-life experiences with the product. The Com- mission on Human Medicines (CHM) and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) encourage the reporting of all suspected reactions to newly introduced medicines to the market. |
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| 110 Immunity and Pancreatic Cancer, Pushpam Kumar Sinha The pancreas has two morphologically and functionally distinct compartments: one comprising the exocrine cells, and the other comprising the endocrine cells [10]. The exocrine cells are the suppliers of various digestive enzymes to the upper small intestine through pancreatic duct, and the endocrine cells are the suppliers of various pancreatic hormones directly to the blood. Not surpris- ingly there are two broad divisions of Pancreatic Cancer (PC): the Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, and the Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Cancer. The Exocrine Pancreatic Cancers are further divided into several sub-types that vary from each other histologically, and in symptoms and prognosis. Of these the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, is the most common amongst all the reported cases of PC. More than 90% of the PCs are found to be PDACs [12, 7]. From here on the term PC will be used to mean PDAC. PC is one of the deadliest cancers in the world because the PC is mostly detected when the tumor is not removable by surgery, and or the tumor has invaded the other organs of the body [9, 7, 3, 11]. |
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| 111 Health Impacts and Risks Related to the Management of Solid Biomedical Waste in Health Facilities, Séverin MBOG MBOG and Dieudonné BITONDO Biomedical waste (BMW) is a health and environmental problem. Also, a study was conducted to develop a biomedical waste management system whose implementation will improve public health, while respecting environmental, technical and socio-cultural concerns. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from January 16 to 31, 2021. Biomedical waste, in the same way as household or other type waste, is experiencing an ever-increasing production in all countries and their dangers increase in proportion to the quantity produced. Proper management of this type of waste, with a view to disposal that minimizes the risks to health and the environment, represents a high cost, which accentuates the problems in developing countries. However, the lack of means should not be used as an excuse for inaction and the health situation relating to biomed- ical waste could progress positively with a better awareness of local stakeholders and an improvement in their management. Indeed, hospital staff, patients and their families are likely to contract nosocomial diseases, while the general population is exposed to the dangers of DBM when consuming contaminated food, by inhalation, ingestion or through any type of direct or indirect contact with DBMs; this means that legal complaints about it are likely to increase over time. |
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| 112 DNA Fingerprinting with the Goals of Researching the Charges Made by the Parents, Studying, and Analyzing the Data, Abdulaziz Radhi S AL Johni, Tawfeek Rezeek Almotiri, Tariq Ibrahim Alhazmy and Majed Saed Alahmadi Forensic DNA analysis is frequently deployed in criminal investigations to discover illicit conduct. On the other hand, forensic DNA analysis is also utilized in civil procedures to determine the paternity of progeny over which there is a dispute. However, in addition to situations of inheritance, guardianship, maintenance, and validity, it may also be necessary to determine paternity in cases of adultery or fornication, as well as in cases of contested paternity arising out of divorce proceedings or questioned legali- ty. Even if the child’s validity isn’t questioned, this is true. In a scenario in which the mother of the child feels that another person is to blame for her pregnancy, the objective of these investigations is to identify the guy who is the child’s biological father. Keywords: DNA fingerprinting; DNA pattern; DNA fingerprint; suspect behavior; preventing criminal activity |
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| 113 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome - A Case Report, Sandhya Gautam and Aditya Pratap Singh Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by a headache, sei- zures, altered mental status and visual loss and characterized by white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly [1]. We present here a young woman with altered sensorium, generalised tonic-clonic seizures in postpartum stage after massive blood transfusion. Reversibility of the symptoms and characteristic imaging findings led us to a diagnosis of PRES in our patient. Keywords: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome; Seizures |
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| 114 Impact of Behavioral Counseling on the Quality of Life of Women with Urinary Incontinence: An interventional study from Muscat, Oman, Alya Ali Abdullah Al Hasni and Fakhriyah AL Hoqani Objective: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common public health concern among women worldwide which can have an adverse effect on the quality of life (QoL). This study sought to explore the effectiveness of behavioral counseling in improving the QoL of Omani women with UI. Methods: This cross-sectional interventional study was performed between July 1 st , 2019, and July 30th , 2020 at the Al Mabila Health Center, a primary health care (PHC) center in Muscat, Oman. A total of 20adult Omani women who screened positive for UI using a modified 4-item version of the Short-Form Urinary Distress Inventory were recruited. Four separate 40-60-minute counseling sessions were conducted over the 12-month study period, focusing on lifestyle modifications, bladder training, and Kegel exercises. A validated Arabic version of the 7-item Incontinence Impact Questionnaire was used to determine the pre-post intervention impact of UI on general QoL as well as four specific domains of living (ability to perform daily prayers, physical activities, social life, and mental health). Results: The behavioral counseling sessions had a significant positive impact on overall QoL (t 19 = 12.03; p |
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| 115 Possibly the Venetoclax / Bcl-2 Complex Interacts with the Antibody / Antigen Complex to Increase the Phagocytosis in Combined Venetoclax-Antibody Therapy in B-cell Malignancies, Pushpam Kumar Sinha The anti-Bcl-2 therapy by the drugs like ABT-263, ABT-737, and ABT-199 have been a hit in treating Leukemia. Similar success has also been reported for the treatment of Leukemia by monoclonal antibodies. Hence a certain study combined the anti-Bcl-2 therapy with antibody therapy in treating a particular Leukemia, the Double-hit Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DHL). The DHL cells overexpress Bcl-2 proteins. Hence the drug Venetoclax (ABT-199), which inhibits the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 proteins only, has been combined with either the Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) or the Daratumumab (anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) in treating the DHL cell lines CARNAVAL (CD20+) or WILL-2 (CD20-/CD38+). I analyze in depth the above work and draw fresh conclusions which the authors of the above work have not drawn themselves. Particularly I show in my work that it is the ABT-199/Bcl-2/Antibody/Antigen Complex which increases Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in the combined ABT-199/Antibody therapy against DHL cells when compared with the Antibody-only therapy against DHL cells. This conclusion is currently of academic interest, but holds promise to improve treatments of B-cell malignancies with more fertile research in future. Keywords: Apoptosis; Monoclonal Antibody; BH3 sub-structure; Bcl-2 protein; Rituximab; Daratumumab |
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| 116 Diabetes in the Saudi Population, Its Consequences, and Prevention, Abdulaziz Radhi S AL Johni, Abeer sabri Mahmoud, Hebah Sabri Mahmoud, Norah humaidi alkhaldi, Najladbyanalshammari, Samaher Mohammad Almohaisen, Jawaza Debiyanalshammari and Norah Falah ALanazi Saudi Arabia has the second-highest rate of diabetes in the Middle East and the seventh-highest rate overall, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result, Saudi Arabia is now ranked seventh in the world. Pre-diabetes affects an additional million Saudis, and it is believed that more than 7 million people worldwide actually have diabetes. It’s arguably even more worrisome that diabetes has been on the rise in Saudi Arabia over the past few years. In fact, throughout the last three time periods, the rate of diabetes cases in Saudi Arabia has increased by a factor of about 10. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been related to increased mortality, morbidity, vascular problems, poor overall health, and a lower quality of life. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is increasing at an alarming rate, making it a leading cause of several health problems and even death. The study, especially its incidence, prevalence, and socio-demographic factors, has been grossly inadequate compared to that conducted in industrialized nations. Without a comprehensive epidemic management program in place, with a strong focus on supporting a healthy diet, which includes exercise an active life, and weight control, the health burden caused by DM in Saudi Arabia is expected to increase to catastrophic proportions. A multidisciplinary strategy is required to properly manage diabe- tes in Saudi Arabia. Everything you need to know about DM in Saudi Arabia is included in this in-depth study. In this study, we examine the current diabetes epidemic and the detrimental consequences that diabetes complications have on both individuals and the healthcare system. In addition, the report suggests potential interventions to halt the pandemic. Keywords: diabetes; Prevalence; and Incidence; Trends Over Time; Risk Factors; Mortality; Complications; Heart Disease; Stroke; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Retinopathy; Nephropathy; Peripheral Neuropathy; Lower-Extremity Amputations; Control of Risk Factors to Reduce Complications; Prevention |
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| 117 Artificial Intelligence in Nursing, Safeena Beevi SS In order to find elucidations for intricate healthcare issues, artificial intelligence (AI) is nowadays becoming awidely recognized technique. This editorial focusing on the significance of AI in health care settings especially in nursing field [1]. Innovations in health care like launching of intelligent robots in patient care home settings have great impact in caring of patients. The definition of AI is “Artificial intelligence encompasses the techniques used to teach computers to learn, reason, perceive, infer, communicate, and make decisions similar to or better than humans” [2]. Everywhere, nurses are the major group of health professionals, accounting for ap- proximately 40-50% of the health workforce. |
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| 118 Factors Related to the Existence of Aedes Aegypti Larvae in Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas in Makassar City, Erniwati Ibrahim, Jusnita, Syamsuar Manyullei and Anwar Mallongi This study aims to determine the factors associated with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in endemic and nonendemic areas of DHF in Biringkanaya District. The type of research used was observational with cross sectional design and through di- rect observation. The population is all houses in the Village of Pai and Kelurahan Daya. Determination of the sample was carried out by proportional simple random sampling method in order to obtain a sample of 100 houses each. Data analysis was carried out was univariate and bivariate with chi square test. The results showed that the related variables were the actions of PSN in endemic areas (p=0.025), water temperature (p=0.000), house humidity (p=0.000), container conditions (p=0.000) in endemic areas and (p=0.002) in nonendemic areas. Unrelated variables are knowledge (p=0.141) in endemic areas and (p=0.824) in nonendemic areas. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between PSN action, water temperature, house hu- midity, and container conditions with the presence of larvae in endemic areas, but there is no relationship between respondents’ knowledge in the two regions and the actions of PSN in nonendemis areas. Keywords: Knowledge; action; humidity; temperature; container conditions |
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| 119 Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis: A Review, Abdulaziz Radhi S AL Johni, Aishah Mohammed Alanazi, Alaa Mohammad Ali Askar, Tareq Saleh Almehemadi, Meshal Salman Almhemadi, Basim Salman M Almehmadi, Asmaa Naif Alosaimi, Osamhfaisal alganawy and E This study aims to determine the factors associated with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in endemic and nonendemic areas of DHF in Biringkanaya District. The type of research used was observational with cross sectional design and through di- rect observation. The population is all houses in the Village of Pai and Kelurahan Daya. Determination of the sample was carried out by proportional simple random sampling method in order to obtain a sample of 100 houses each. Data analysis was carried out was univariate and bivariate with chi square test. The results showed that the related variables were the actions of PSN in endemic areas (p=0.025), water temperature (p=0.000), house humidity (p=0.000), container conditions (p=0.000) in endemic areas and (p=0.002) in nonendemic areas. Unrelated variables are knowledge (p=0.141) in endemic areas and (p=0.824) in nonendemic areas. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between PSN action, water temperature, house hu- midity, and container conditions with the presence of larvae in endemic areas, but there is no relationship between respondents’ knowledge in the two regions and the actions of PSN in nonendemis areas. Keywords: Knowledge; action; humidity; temperature; container conditions |
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| 120 Improvement of Cerebral Infarction Injecting Electrons with Biological Treatment onto Acupuncture Points and Finger Pressure through the Instrument, Sunao Sugihara and Hiroshi Maiwa There is little research to improve and remedy of disease or sickness from the standpoints of biophysics. We report collabo- ration of oriental therapy of acupuncture and instrument using autonomic nervous system (Ryodoraku Autonomic Nervous Sys- tem), and discuss the skin and figure pressure on tubo in viewpoint of electrodynamics leading to improve cerebral infarction. At the same time, we introduce water to the mechanisms of the electronic signals through skins and tubo, and water possesses the chemical-reducing ability with the pair of proton and electron. The patient of cerebral infarction has improved for walking without stick. |
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| 121 Nursing Implication for an Emerging Disease - Whatsappitis, Rinu David WhatsAppitis, a condition caused by the excessive use of the popular instant messaging app, whatsappitis. It defines inflam- mation of the fluid-filled sheath that surrounds a tendon. Symptoms of tenosynovitis include pain, swelling and difficulty mov- ing the particular joint where the inflammation occurs. Major clinical features are Pain at the radial side of the wrist, Spasms, Tenderness, occasional burning sensation in the hand, Swelling over the thumb side of the wrist, Difficulty gripping with the affected side of the hand, neck pain etc. Nursing fraternity must be made aware of the disease and nursing care that should be provided for the similar cases. Keywords: whatsappitis |
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| 122 Relevance of Autoantibodies Associated to Diabetes, Nnodim Johnkennedy and Nwaokoro Joakin Chidozie Islet autoantibodies, Islet cell Ab, Islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), glutamic acid decarbox- ylase autoantibodies (GADA/GAD), insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 antibodies(ZnT8) are all considered to be diabetes-related autoantibodies to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes and to forecast the onset of type 1 diabetes in close relatives of patients with the disease [1]. It is mainly utilsed when a patient is initially diagnosed with diabetes to help rule out autoimmune diabetes; when a person with non-insulin-treated diabetes has a lot of trouble maintaining glycaemic control (e.g., cannot maintain normal or near-normal blood sugar levels)[2]. |
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| 123 Natural Language Processing in Medical Science and Healthcare, Indu Bala Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Machine Learning (ML) that primarily aims to reduce the distance between hu- man and machine capabilities. We focus on designing and building applications and systems in a way that allows an easy intersection between computers and natural languages developed for human use. NLP has been used in several areas within artificial intelligence (AI) and data processing application such as social media, translation, summarization, and medical applications. In fact, in the last decades, it has been exhaustively used in current technology to support spam email privacy, personal voice assistants language, trans- lation application, and big data management. Although the medical field is one of the richest in terms of big unstructured data it has not been well invested so far. The analysis of medical data such as patient reports, doctor notes, patient demography details, lab test results, and previous medical history can be effectively examined through NLP. It can improve the treatment and patient service with- in a reasonable cost and time. NLP helps to train a machine to convert unstructured data into structured and can suggest a decision in the diagnosis process. |
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| 124 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Its Analytical Methods - An Educational Review, Ravinandan AP, Sanatkumar Nyamagoud, Vinayak Ragi and Mohammed Mustafa G Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is defined as “the clinical laboratory measurement of a chemical parameter that, with ap- propriate medical interpretation, will directly influence drug prescribing procedures”.It is the clinical practice of measuring specific drugs/medicines at selected intervals to maintain a constant concentration in a patient’s bloodstream, thereby optimizing individu- alized dosage regimens. Generally, in TDM amount of drug concentration will be measured by using a suitable analytical method and the dose and therapeutic range adjusted accordingly |
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| 125 Novel Populations from Simulated Admixed Populations, Shah Yunn Naing, Eugene WJ Thia, Daeun Roh, Cedric Chew, Sandi Kyaw Tun, Mee Khin Wai and Maurice HT Ling Admixtures of two relatively distinct populations; as a result of clashing, mixing, and merging; can drastically affect its popu- lation genetics. Studies have suggested that admixed populations are instrumental in establishing novel populations. Computer simulations is a common method to study population admixtures. Although it is plausible to study the emergence of novel populations from simulated admixed populations, studies in this area have been sparse. Here, we attempt to demonstrate the emergence of novel populations from admixed populations using simulation. Our results show that all admixed populations have the potential to result in the emergence of novel populations despite large majority (up to 90%) of one of the two source populations. The null hypothesis of no significant allelic changes can be rejected with a p-value of 5.3E-05. Therefore, our simu- lation study supports current studies suggesting that admixed populations are instrumental in establishing novel populations. Keywords: Population genetics; Forward simulation; Island; Admixture populations; Island |
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| 126 A Comprehensive Review on Important Preparation and Application of Nanocellulose, Tanushree Bhattacharjee*, Ajinkya Kulkarni, Soham Bhave, Shubham Bangar, Kartik Baradkar and Sachin Chivade Recent years have seen the emergence of nanocellulose (NC), or cellulose in the form of nanostructures, as one of the most significant green materials now accessible. Due to their enticing and extraordinary characteristics, such as their abundance, high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical capabilities, renewability, and biocompatibility, NC materials have garnered increased interest. This Review paper provides in detail information about the production method of nanocellulose, such as chemical methods, mechanical techniques, and from Feedstock for nanocellulose production. Each section includes a summary of the theme’s related field and the most recent work done by the entities mentioned. Currently, on an industrial scale at tonnes per day, nanocellulose can be used in a various application in our daily lives, including tissue engineering, water purification, food packaging, Drug delivery, environmental protection field, electronic sensors, batteries, as well as in paper, polymer, medical, food processing industry, and more. Keywords: Nanocellulose; Bacterial cellulose; Nanocomposites; Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF); Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC); Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) |
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| 127 The Importance of Measuring Indirect Treatment Effects, Rahul Dhanda* and Donald E Stull The current FDA model of drug approval relies on determining the direct effect of treatment on outcomes of interest, including an evaluation of patient experience. The Cures Act (among others) that amends the Federal Foods and Cosmetic Act defines patient ex- perience data as: “data that are collected by any persons (including patients, family members, and caregivers of patients, patient advocacy orga- nizations, disease research foundations, researchers, and drug manufacturers); and are intended to provide information about patients’ experiences with a disease or condition, including (A) the impact (including physical and psychosocial impacts) of such disease or condition, or a related therapy or clinical investigation, on patients’ lives; and (B) patient preferences with respect to treatment of such disease or condition. “(source:https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/cder-patient-focused-drug-development; https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/fda-patient-focused-drug-development-guidance-series-en- hancing-incorporation-patients-voice-medical). Patient experience can be documented using different research vehicles, such as Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs), qualitative studies, and observational prospective studies that capture the patient experience. |
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| 128 Emerging Nanotechnology Advances: Liposomal Formulations to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Short Review, Gopika Ashokan, KB Sneed and Yashwant Pathak Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the US and is caused mainly due to smoking. The number of patients that suffer from non-small cell lung cancer is around 85% of the total lung cancer population. Traditional treatment methods use radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and/or a combination to treat lung cancer. The issue with these traditional drugs is the non-specific toxicity caused at other healthy sites which causes side effects such as nausea, hair loss, etc. New advancements in science opened an avenue called nanodrug drug delivery system to make therapeutics 1-100 nm in size to increase bioavailability and specificity. In this review article, we discuss a promising nanodrug delivery system, liposomes, to target NSCLC for its treatment. Keywords: Nanotechnology advances, Liposomes, Nano drug delivery systems, cancer cells, Abnormal cell growth, Lung cancer, Nanomedicine, Neo-adjuvant therapy |
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| 129 An Overview of the many Methods that may be used to Diagnose and Treat Malaria, Abdulaziz Radhi S AL Johni, Omar Ali H Alsariry, Mohanad Mohammad Ayash, Amal Mohammed A Alaslai, Mohammed Ali Jaber Khubrani, Mariam Ahmed M A Yamani and Amirah Ahmed M Alyamani The global spread of malaria is a serious public health concern. Parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium are responsi- ble for this condition. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are responsible for the vast majority of human malaria cases, however the former is the more dangerous species. During their blood stages, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause similar anemia. Nearly a third of all malaria deaths are attributable to severe cases of malarial anemia induced by P falciparum. Multiple factors seem to contribute to malaria-related anemia. Red blood cell clearance increases and bone mar- row erythropoiesis decreases characterize this condition. Still poorly understood at the molecular level are the mechanisms that cause malarial anemia. Malaria parasite ligands have been investigated for their potential roles in the destruction of adult erythrocytes and the remodeling of younger erythrocytes. The risk of developing severe malarial anemia has been linked to polymorphisms in cytokines. It is believed that the goal of these cytokines and the “toxins” generated by malaria is to interfere with erythropoiesis. The inflammation brought on by malaria is likely to be exacerbated by co-infections, making malarial ane- mia more likely to develop [1]. Keywords: The Origins of Malaria; Cause of malaria; Malaria as a Cause of Poverty; Types of malaria; symptoms; Diagnosis; Treatment |
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| 130 Nutritional Assessment and Tools Used in Chronic Liver Disease Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant, Safeena Beevi SS and Wasil Hasan Patients waiting for liver transplant are faced with a variety of nutritional deficiencies and as liver disease advances, they might present with severe malnutrition, which enhances morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, increased infectious complications and decreased clinical outcome. Due to various metabolic alterations occurs in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), it is a challenge to manage and maintain nutritional requirements to improve their outcome and survival as they are prone for mi- cronutrient deficiencies along with protein calorie deficiency. Hence, it is vital to do nutritional assessment during their visit to hepatology clinic and plan diet plan accordingly. In this review, we are addressing about the nutritional issues frequently observed among cirrhotics and the usual nutritional assessment tools. Keywords: Chronic liver disease; Cirrhosis; Nutritional assessment; Sarcopenia; Malnutrition |
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| 131 Are Immunonutrition A Novel Therapy for Liver Diseases?, Safeena Beevi SS Liver disease itself profoundly affects level of nutrition and malnutrition is commonly observed in ESLD patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) [1]. Malabsorption renders the cirrhotic patient unable to utilize the food taken completely. Malnutrition is a considerable challenge to control efficiently in cirrhotic patients, specifically as the liver disorder advances [2]. Clinical nutrition was focused on nutritional support in order to meet the patient’s requirements and has been progressed to nutritional therapy planned as per the patient’s medical diagnosis. Recently, physicians and nutritionists are giving more importance to immunonutrition and pharmaconutrition |
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| 132 Parastomal Hernias: Management strategies, Nevil Pachani* and RG Naniwadekar Stomas have been created by surgeons as a diversion of feces since the early 1800s. Morbidity and mortality related to stoma creation has progressively decreased with the advancement of modern therapy. Morbidity related to stoma was estimated between 2.9% to 81.1% in India [1]. Stoma complications, including skin irritation and leakage, dehydration from high output stomas, bowel obstruction, prolapse, and parastomal hernia are common impediments to this life saving procedure. Parastomal hernias are of an interest as their further management needs surgical intervention |
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| 133 Game Based Learning in Nursing - An Innovative Strategy, Safeena Beevi S S* and Om Prakash Veragi Games have been used as a part of teaching learning process in the ancient time, since 3500 B.C. Till now gaming was not officially incorporated in nursing curriculum in India but after 1980’s in European countries has been included video games as a substitute to conventional lecture method. Adopting a new strategy in methods of teaching is not so easy and many of the nurse educators are typically slow to adopt new innovations in curriculum, even though game-based learning (GBL) is considered to be easy and convenient for enhancing learn- ing skills, decision making and developing critical thinking skills. Research findings had showed that video games in nursing education had reported many potential benefits to nursing students to enhance academic growth. The main aim of this review is to identify the advantages of GBL in nursing curriculum and to check how educational games are useful in this current scenario. Keywords: Critical thinking; Game based learning; Virtual class room; Video games; Nursing curriculum |
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| 134 Analysis and Countermeasures Against the Persistent Mutants of Omicron Viruses, Sunao Sugihara* and Hiroshi Maiwa This year, we reported the reasons for continuing Omicron to collect information on amino acids associated with Omicron. We found the relationship between the number of atoms (C, H, N, and O) in the amino acids to the Omicron’s characteristics. Following it, we discuss the many variants of the present Omicrons to analyze more kinds of amino acids. We estimate the mix of the present Omicron and its effect on other diseases like diabetes rather than the respiratory system at the beginning time. Based on this analysis, we found the developed water will give a particular resolution |
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| 135 Immune Response to Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Influence on Inflammatory Response, Maral Bishehkolaei, Kevin Sneed and Yashwant Pathak Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is triggered by a series of immune responses to an acute inflammation. The failure of the initial immune response to control the inflammation leads to a chronic inflammatory condition. In which case the loop of positive feedback of immune cells is triggered. This abnormal immune response leads to its classification as an autoimmune disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a self-regenerative, multilineage stem cells that have an immunosuppressive nature. These qualities make them a great candidate for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, specifically RA. RA is a genetically inherited marker that cannot be changed. However, studying the immune response to this inflammatory condition along with the influ- ence of MSC on immune cells can direct us towards a new regenerative drug that can reverse or antagonize the damage caused in advanced cases of RA can help in the |
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| 136 Assessment Techniques of Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease, Safeena Beevi S S, Om Prakash Veragi and Wasil Hasan Sarcopenia is a state outlined by loss of muscle strength, muscle quantity, or function. Sarcopenia is usually seen in the elderly population, persons following a sedentary lifestyle, and individuals with inappropriate nutritional intake or absorption; hence sarcopenia was interchangeably used with frailty syndrome. It is quite often seen in chronic ailments, such as chronic liver disease, accompanying with a greater possibility of unpleasant clinical outcomes. Nutritional assessment plays a pivotal role in treatment planning, more so in patients suffering from chronic ailments. The traditional methods of nutritional assessment and sarcopenia have been widely subjective, while the objective measurement techniques, especially using computed tomography (CT scan) has been in vogue lately. Imaging of lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle index, anthropometric measurements such as “mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and muscle strength” measurements together mark the gold standard for assessing sarcopenia. Keywords: Chronic liver disease; Frailty syndrome; Nutritional assessment; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle mass |
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| 137 Acute Abdomen in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Madan Sundar and M Gauthamraj Acute abdomen necessitates immediate attention and treatment. Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is responsible for 7-10% of all ED visits. Nonetheless, the epidemiology of AAP in the ED is poorly understood. 1 The purpose of this study was to look into the epidemiology and consequences of AAP in an adult population referred to an urban emergency department. An institu- tion-based, cross-sectional study was done among patients admitted with abdominal discomfort from January 1 st to January 31 st , 2022. This research concluded with. Gall bladder pathology was the most common cause of acute abdomen. It was present in 30% of cases, followed by gall bladder pathology, acute gastritis, pancreatitis, ureteric calculi, mesenteric lymphadenitis, acute appendicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. |
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| 138 Relationship of Telomerase Inhibitor 1 (PinX1) and Nucleostemin (GNL3) Expression with Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Concentration in Myeloid and Erythroid Origin Cell Groups, Pinar Akpinar Oktar It is possible to detect possible changes in the differentiation steps of progenitor cell clones in hematopoiesis with a target protein. In our study, PinX1 (PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1), nucleostemin (guanine nucleotide-binding pro- tein-like 3) expressions were determined in erythroid (CD71+ ), myeloid (CD71- ) cell groups obtained from two different healthy donors prepared for transplantation, chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K562 and acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line; HL-60, along with TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) levels were determined and their relationships with each other were investigated. According to RT-PCR and TERT concentration results; PinX1 and nucleostemin expression in K562 and HL-60 cell lines were shown to be significantly higher along with TERT concentration. In addition, PinX1, nucleostemin expression and TERT concentration were found to be higher in the erythroid (CD71+ ) group obtained from healthy donors than in the myeloid (CD71-) group. The findings of this study showed that there may be a relationship between PinX1 and nucleostemin and that PinX1 and nucleostemin could be targets in leukemia patients in prospective drug studies. Keywords: PinX1 (PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1); nucleostemin (guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3); TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase); Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Acute promyelocytic leukemia |
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| 139 A Rare Case of Nodular Goiter Presenting as Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, M Gauthamraj and Sree Devi Papillary carcinoma thyroid has an aggressive form which is follicular variant [2]. More commonly it presents with regional lymphadenopathy and extrathyroidal extension [1]. A 24 year old patient presented with chief complaints of swelling in front of the neck for the past 5 years, patient noticed the swelling in front of the neck, insidious in onset, gradually progressed to attain the current size. Not associated with any pain. FNAC showed papillary variant hence hemithyroidectomy was done which later proved to be FVPTC in HPE |
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| 140 Investigating The Effect of Palliative Care based on The Bow Tai Model on Increasing the Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Diseases, Amir Mohammad Amini Currently, palliative care has become very important in terms of increasing the quality of life of patients , and palliative care based on the Bow Ttie model has become particularly important in recent years. The purpose is the investigate the impact of early palliative care based on the Bow-Tai model on the quality of life of chronic patients. What is the palliative care meaning ? According to the definition of the World Health Organization, it includes all active and complete measures to reduce suffering and pain and improve the quality of life in the patient. In the main case, this is a brief method for patients with a specific disease that does not respond to treatment and the direct result of the disease is death, and it is only related to calming down the patient and reducing the symptoms of the disease. In addition to the name of palliative care, we can refer to palliative drugs that include drugs to eliminate pain or reduce a symptom, for example, drug therapy to relieve nausea after chemotherapy or even to reduce symptoms in influenza |
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| 141 Rectal Prolapse Strangled, Necroded Revealing a Tumor in Adult, about a Case of Hospital Somine Dolo of Mopti, Traoré Djibril*, Traoré B, Coulibaly P, Coulibaly M, Sidibé AR, Cissé D, Sangaré Sidy, Kondé A, Koné M, Traoré LI, Kamissoko M S, Thera T D, Diaby S and Togo A P Rectal prolapse long time considered a benign pathology is sometimes accompanied by rare complications to know its strangulation associated with hemorrhage and necosis. In addition to these complications mentioned above, the presence of a rectal tumor made this pathology exceptionally. The aim of our study was to report the management of a case of rectal prolapse associated with a rectal tumor. This was a 62 year old female patient who reportedly consulted in the emergency department for not reducing externalization of a necrotic rectal prolapse with presence of localized tumor. Outside from a clinical and biological anemia, the rest of the examination did not notice any particularities. The rectosigmoidal resection with colo-rectal anastomosis accoding to the Altemeier technique had occupied a large place in the management. Keywords: Rectal Prolapse; tumor; Altemeier; Hospital Somine Dolo Mopti |
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| 142 Potential Inhibitor of Ten Medicinal Plant Active Compounds Against Covid 19 In Silico Study, Fouad Hussain AL-Bayaty*, Maryam Haki AL-Doori and Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan SARS-COV-2 was identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, a new strain of the coronavirus family. There are no spe- cific drugs available in the market and trials regarding the treatment of the COVID-19. Therefore, in silico screening for natural compounds was required to evaluate their antiviral effect. Molecular docking is the most common type of in-silico study which enables the visualization of binding conformation of ligand to target and produce quantitative in the form of binding energy. Remdesivir is the drug that showed promising results in some COVID-19 patients used as the control in the study. Ten medicinal plant active compounds were used to test their binding affinity towards the main protease and the spike protein using molecu- lar docking. The results from molecular docking indicate that Andrographolide, Ellagic acid and Quercetin were able to fit into the binding pocket of the main protease and the spike protein of COVID-19 with highest binding affinity. The analysis obtained from molecular surface supports the postulation above. In conclusion, Andrographolide, Ellagic acid and Quercetin are shown to be ideal inhibitors compounds for SARS-COV-2. The ligands identified showed a promising result as an effective antiviral for covid-19 and it required further investigation in vitro and in vivo. Keywords: SARS-COV-2; silico screening; molecular docking; Remdesivir |
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| 143 Nanotechnology Applications in Controlling Hemorrhage, Mathias Madray, KB Sneed and Yashwant Pathak Hemorrhage is defined as a profuse escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel. This term is often associated with physi- cal trauma and is responsible for 30-40% of trauma-related deaths with 33-56% of these occurring in the prehospital setting. Hemorrhagic shock is the second leading cause of preventable early deaths in injured civilian patients, and it is the number one cause of preventable death on the battlefield. The solution to this issue is achieving hemostasis in a timely manner. Hemostasis is the process that prevents blood loss following an injury. This process has three characteristics, the first is vasoconstriction, and the second is plug formation, which involves the collection of platelets to act as a physical plug to prevent blood from flow- ing. Last is coagulation, which is a cascade where a fibrin network is formed to act as a glue in holding the platelet plug in place. When an injury occurs, especially in the prehospital setting, a wound dressing is used to achieve hemostasis until a higher-level intervention can occur at a hospital. Currently, no out of hospital treatments that resolve the hemorrhage in non-compressible areas of the human body. Nanofibers can be used to mitigate issues that present with current treatment guidelines for bleeding in non-compressible hemorrhage. Previous studies have tested individual novel treatments for non-compressible hemorrhage and have tested against a control. This study aims to test eight of the novel interventions developed based on nanotechnology. This review compares these nano fiber systems using a porcine model with a splenic laceration in order to determine which is more effective in the management of non-compressible hemorrhage as measured by the time taken to achieve hemostasis and survivability. Keywords: Nanotechnology applications; controlling hemorrhage; Nanofibers; Poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanofibers; Kappa carrageenan (κCA)-coated Starch/cellulose nanofiber; Injectable and super elastic nanofi- ber rectangle matrices (“peanuts”); nano spheres; PEI and Cholic Acid Injectable nano hemostats |
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| 144 Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Antimicrobial Activity of Food Packaging and Reducing Food-Borne Disease, Nasser A Al-Tayyar*, Fayez Hadhram ALsehli and Abdulaziz Radhi S ALjohni One of the main challenges of creating food packaging is preventing the products from deteriorating, but still keeping their quality during handling and storage. One factor that decreases shelf life is a lack of antimicrobial packaging films. These normal- ly prevent microbial contamination, but without them might be decreases shelf life of food products. The best packaging films have great mechanical properties and also the permeability of water vapor or oxygen, for example. Because consumers often prefer products that are high quality and fresh, they buy food without additives. This creates issues for manufacturers that need the additives to maintain freshness. In this review, the development of innovative packaging materials using nanotechnology was addressed. Polysaccharides such as chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and starch are biodegradable and nontoxic, so they do not pose environmental threats; however, they have poor antimicrobial activity, mechanical properties, and low water resis- tance. Therefore, nanomaterials can be employed to improve antimicrobial activity, thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier prop- erties of food packaging. Bionanocomposites technologies are novel, high-performance, lightweight, and ecofriendly materials that can replace traditional nonbiodegradable plastic packaging. Keyword: utilization of nanotechnology in food packaging; Antimicrobial mechanisms; Polymer nanocomposites in food pack- aging; Antimicrobial inorganic nanostructures in food packaging applications |
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| 145 Risks and Complications in Parasitic Infections, Otto Alemán Miranda*, Noslen De Lapuente DDS and Yamila Domínguez Rodríguez Some readers will think that studying these issues can be useful for stomatologists, but parasitic diseases play a preponderant role in the causes of global morbidity. As an important subgroup of these diseases, it is worth highlighting the tropical parasitosis. That, although they are not frequent, when they occur they make dental procedures very difficult. A series of important aspects have made it not strange to diagnose these diseases in several countries. Among these we highlight: for us health professionals, the increase in international contracts, the extension of migratory movements from countries with a trop- ical climate to Western countries, the growing number of these areas as tourist destinations for citizens of the so-called first Western world, the success and boom in the use of immunosuppressive substances and the spread of infection by the human immunodeficien- cy virus (HIV) |
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| 146 Sepsis of Burkholderia Cepacia: An Unusual Case Report from Madagascar, Moustafa Abdou Soilihi*, Indretsy Mahavivola Ernestho-ghoud, Sona Jean Marc Velolahy, Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana and Nasolotsiry Enintsoa Raveloson The case consisted of septicemia due to Burkholderia cepacia during hemodialisis. We reported a case of a 76-year-old Mal- agasy man with stage V chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis-dependent, who was admitted to the hospital for fever and chills during hemodialysis. Blood cultures showed Burkholderia cepacia. From this case, B. cepacia consisted of the main differential diagnosis of severe sepsis in dialysis patient. Such identifcation is necessary to help in timely diagnosis of hospital acquired infections and to provide appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacian; Sepsis; Chronic kidney disease; Dialysis |
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| 147 Lip lifting as a Supporting Technique in the Facial Feminization Process of Transgender Patients: Case Report, Oriental Luiz de Noronha Filho*, Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Larcher, Dayane Cristina Inácio, Adolfo de Oliveira Azevedo, Afonso Leone Pinto and Talita Ribeiro Ricardo The human face presents great variability, resulting from evolution, which allows each individual to be unique and easily recognizable, thus becoming one of the most important and natural means of transmitting individual information. Several male and female craniofacial differences can be observed, in particular the anthropometric distances of the lower third, whose dis- tance between the subnasal and the lower border of the upper lip is on average 20-22 mm in women and 22-24 mm in men, and when this distance is greater than 15 mm, the lip is considered to be long. During the transition process, transgender indi- viduals can opt for facial aesthetic modifications, seeking to increase the characteristics corresponding to their gender, that is, trans women seek to increase the femininity of their traits. The “lip-lift” procedure consists of the surgical removal of a tissue strip with the aim of minimizing the nasolabial distance, evertting the upper lip, showing a greater portion of the red lip, and increasing the exposure of the upper central incisors, enhancing female characteristics. the face. This work aims to present a clinical case on the lip-lift technique in the facial feminization of a transgender patient. Keywords: Feminization; lip-lift; trangender patient |