1 Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences (FJPHS) - Introductory Issue, Chandra Sekhar KB
Pharmasprings new future journal of pharmaceuticals and health sciences (FJPHS) is established in the year 2021. The objective such as FJPHS undergo inscribe up-to-date, high-quality, and papers upto the purpose and perceptive studies as such, the journal aspires to be vivacious, enticing, and reachable, and at the same time to come compositional and challenging.
2 Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of immediate-release pellets of Candesartan Cilexetil, Goparaju Suryanarayana Murthy
Multi particulate drug delivery system has long run also been made use of to enhance the overall bioavailability going from drugs having low aqueous solubility. Candesartan Cilexetil is an anti-hypertensive drug. Complex and dispersion of Candesartan Cilexetil with the different carriers were prepared to increase its solubility and bioavailability. Due to its low aqueous solubility bioavailability of the drug is 15 % and it shows variable absorption from GIT. Pellets offer several advantages such as proper distribution in the GIT tract, reduces dose dumping, and relief going from administration as well as closing going from chemotherapy therefore within the time being work an immediate-release Pellets of candesartan cilexetil was planned out using the representational of increasing the solubility and in turn bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil. Immediate release Pellets containing complex or dispersion of Candesartan Cilexetil with the suitable carrier was prepared using non-pareil sugar seeds. On the non-pareil seeds, drug layering of Candesartan Cilexetil complexed or dispersed with the suitable carrier was done. The formulation having Candesartan Cilexetil and Eudragit dispersed in 1:3 ratios is considered the best product concerning assay and in-vitro drug release. The present top of the line used to be promote withstand constancy written report, the results of and that indicated no important change concerning assay, content uniformity, and in vitro drug release.
3 Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Moxifloxacin Microspheres Using Natural Polysaccharides, Praveen Gujjula, Angala Parameswari
The current make for will be in regards to the formulation as well as in-vitro evaluation of Moxifloxacin microspheres victimazation chitosan as well as guar gum for the reason that release retarding natural polysaccharides. It is well known to treat numerous bacterial infections. This medicine constitutes a category of medicine called quinolone antibiotics. Nine formulation were sort out by the way of variable the entire ratio of polymer by using span-85 as the surfactant as well as glutaraldehyde for a chemical cross-linking bleach. It have been tested for the reason that percentage yield, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, particle size etc. The SEM written report displayed to which microspheres submit to surface. Microspheres has been in regard to DSC and FTIR to ensure awayness going from chemical interactions in the midst of drug and polymer to just makeout the overall geological formation going from microspheres structure. The customized batch MM1 released at 98.82% at 8 hours. Almost release kinetics, the info of the optimized expression was best cooperate the Higuchi model (r2= 0.984) and showed zero-order release (r2= 0.961) with a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
4 Formulation and Evaluation of Lawsone Loaded Nanosponge Gel for Topical Delivery, Shaik Shameem, Nelson Kumar S, Nithish N, Bhavitha M, Suman Kumar K, Balaji Ramaiah M, Sahithya K.
The target of the current report considers producing controlled-release lawsone-loaded nanosponge gel for topical delivery. Lawsone is also known as hennotannic acid, is an active pharmaceutical agent found in the general leaves of the henna plant responsible for an antifungal agent to treat cutaneous candidiasis. The current nanosponge formulation is carried out using ethyl cellulose as polymer, polyvinyl alcohol as co-polymer dichloromethane as a cross-linker & propylene glycol as a permeation enhancer. The formulation was prepared through emulsion solvent diffusion approach as well as the prepared nanosponge gels were evaluated by physical appearance, determination of PH, spreadability, extrudability, skin irritation test, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro diffusion studies. The physical appearance of the LNS1 & LNS7 formulation was watery and the remaining formulations were found to have smooth, transparent, homogenous with a gel-like consistency. The PH of formulated nanosponge gel formulation was found to be in the range between 4.5-5.5. It was concluded that all the PH values within the range of skin PH. The spreadability values ranging from 7.2-8.5. In the formulations (LNS1 & LNS8) far more than 90% going from contents had been extrudable indicating they need perfect extrudability with the except for LNS1 & LNS7 as 80% of the contents were extrudable. The skin irritation test of lawsone loaded nanosponge gels (LNS1-LSN5) had been strain irritation at a site of application. The drug content ranging from 79-92.2% & entrapment efficiency ranging from 66-80% was obtained. In-vitro drug diffusion research had been performed by diffusion apparatus containing 100ml PH 5.0 phosphate buffer maintained at 37 oC. LNS6 was found to show a drug release of 68.8%. Therefore LNS6 formulation sustained the drug release and was considered as optimized formulation over LNS4-LSN7. The ‘n’ value of formulation LNS6 was 0.899and suggesting drug was released by Zero-order kinetics.
5 Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Film of Nitroglycerin, Arava Vidyadhari, Guduru Rajeswari, Dodda Chinni Krishna Reddy, Gangala Sudarsana, Gundala Mamatha, Kuramutla Sisindri, Podili Swarna Latha, Ramakkagari Sandhya Rani, Shaik Shajiya Taslim.
The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate transdermal Films of Nitroglycerin using HPMC, Cellulose acetate phthalate, ethyl cellulose and Polypropylene glycol as a rate controlling membranes and HPMC, Cellulose acetate phthalate, ethyl cellulose as drug reservoir gels. Transdermal Films of Nitroglycerin with HPMC, Cellulose acetate phthalate, ethyl cellulose by varying the blend ratios were prepared by solvent casting method. The thickness medium range between 0.18 ± 0.02 mm to 0.22 ± 0.03mm whatever signifies that they’re military uniform in thickness. The customized formulation NF1 acquires stability reports for one to three months and the general films were tested for drug content and In-vitro diffusion.
6 Case Report on Isoniazid Induced Lupus Erythematosus: An Autoimmune Phenomenon, Bathala Anitha, Katta Sridhar, Madhavi Latha C.
Drug-Induced Lupus is an autoimmune disorder (DIL) sharing similarity with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) which is characterized by the production of autoantibodies. DIL is a little different phenomenon where a drug exposure leads to the development of SLE and the symptoms are usually resolved with the discontinuation of the offending agent. A Tuberculosis Patient was consulted the physician with chief complaints of fever and skin rash associated with erythema since 4 days. He is on Anti TB medication therapy (RIPES) since 6 months. After the detailed investigations, it is found that antinuclear antibodies were elevated and seemed to be Lupus. Isoniazid was suspected as a culprit drug in this case with supporting references. De-challenging of Isoniazid improves the patient health and resolved from the symptoms of SLE.
7 Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Eplerenone Fast Disintegrating Tablets by Solid Dispersion technique, Pradeep Kumar M, Murthy GSN, Neelima S
Eplerenone, a BCS class II drug with low bioavailability and t1/2 of 3-6 hrs is primarily used to treat Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and hypertension. So, to develop the biological performance of Eplerenone, solid dispersion along with oral disintegrates was prepared by employing HP beta-Cyclodextrin and beta-Cyclodextrin. Eplerenone solid dispersions were repared with various carriers in varying ratios of carrier and drug respectively (0.5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1). Results of prepared Eplerenone solid dispersions through solvent evaporation technique were demonstrated which comprise melti g point determination, solubility, entrapment efficiency, drug content uniformness and in-vitro breakup studies. Characterization of solid state was done by FT-IR. From comparison of all the formulation characteristics, formulation (F3) containing Eplerenone + Hp beta-cyclodextrin (1:1.5) showed better results y solvent evaporation technique. As maximum drug was released from F3 at the end of 60 min, this formulation was decided as the best. From the optimized formulation, Fast dissolving tablets were formulated employing various disintegrates in varying concentrations. The pre and post compression parameters were calculated and the results were pecified. All the results were within the acceptable range. An in-vitro drug discharge study of the formulated drug was done victimisation pH 6.8 buffers. F6 formulation containing crospovidone (13.5mg) exhibited 97.36% drug release within 20mins. The optimized formulation follows zero-order release kinetics.
8 A Comparison of Polyherbal Tablets to Treat Type II Diabetes, Raghuveer R, Gopal V
The most pervasive problems today include the burden of disease and its complexities. While diabetes is not an infectious disease, it is caused by a healthy diet and bad eating habits. The causes of diabetes are unhealthy dietary patterns, attributable to insufficient pancreas insulin secretion and insulin receptor insensitivity, caused by process wisdom. It results in improper glucose metabolism and reuptake into the muscles. Various synthetic drugs are used successfully to regulate diabetes. The drugs have those side effects, which make their use limited, because of the fear of creating such complications. Different diseases have been treated with herbs and medicinal plants in this respect, and are often considered to be effective and safer. Many herbs are now used to treat diabetes, and it has also been researched and shown the exact mode of action of all those herbs. Chemical leads have been isolated and shown to be effective against diabetes from plants. The tablet formulation can control the amount of blood sugar in the current study for diabetes caused by STZ. This was prepared using extracts from Withania somnifera, Psidium guava, Trigonella foenumgracum, and Piper nigrum and anti-diabetic property testing revealed that compared to standard and individual extracts, the tablets showed greater activity.
9 Formulation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded with Aqueous Extract of Lantana Camara Linn Leaves, Muniraja Lakshmi K, Kiran M, Sai Prasanna K, Appa Rao
In the present study, the In vitro antibacterial activity and In vivo anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activity of the leaf extract in solvents ethanol and aqueous extracts of the selected plant Lantana camara. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Lantana camara as bio reducing agents. This method allowed the synthesis of nanoparticles which was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, particle size, and zeta potential. Anti-bacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous leaf extract of Lantana camara was separately tested for gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Again anti-bacterial activity of Lantana camara mediated synthesis silver nanoparticles was tested by disc diffusion assay against standard organisms like Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus bacteria and in-vivo studies designed to evaluate the carrageenan-induced paw edema and Excision wound model activities of ethanol and aqueous extract of leaf of Lantana camara Linn. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves give positive for all the phytochemical constituents etc. The particle size of silver particles prepared in all conditions was in the range of 2657.2nm. The Zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was found to be 0.3mv so it indicates the dispersion and stability.
10 Evaluation of Prescription and Rational Use of Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mohammed Awezsalman, Praveen Gujjula
The study aims to determine the prescribing practice and intellectual use of antibiotics patient in a peripheral care hospital. Estimating deserves clinical attention to therapy outcomes contrasting study on use of generic drug prescription as well as essential drug prescription. The present representational of your written report undergoes screen the prescription medicine tendencies of antibiotics in clients. During this report, 200 cases have been self-possessed during which dictates the overall medical care was once administrated for antibiotics in patient’s idea out an essential drug. The report used to be an easy potential observational report which was once carried out six months. The clients had been self-possessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic characteristics showed that out of 200 patients, administration of drugs, to male were 121 (60.5 %) and female were 79 (39.5 %) and the maximum distribution of use of drugs was administered in the patients between the age group of middle age between 41-60 n=131 (65.5 %) and followed by young age 18-40 n= 37 (18.5 %) and old age of 60 years n=32 (16%). There was a high prevalence in the middle age group due to lifestyle habits, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking; alcoholism (males) unmasks blood sugar to rise. However, the prescription pattern of antibiotics drug utilization was most common in the therapy were monotherapy n=125 (62.5 %) followed by combination therapy n=75 (37.5 %) respectively. In this study the classes of drugs prescribed were Cephalosporins (25.5%), Quinolone antibiotics (12.5%), Macrolides (9.5%), Aminoglycosides (6%), Carbapenems (3.5%), Other antibiotics (2.5%), Tetracyclines (2%), Penicillins (1%) and Fixed-dose combinations (37.5). The results revealed that Fixed-dose combinations (37.5) were the choice of drugs prescribed in patients followed by Cephalosporins (25.5%) patients.
11 Evaluation of Prescription and Rational Use of Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mohammed Awezsalman, Praveen Gujjula
The study aims to determine the prescribing practice and intellectual use of antibiotics patient in a peripheral care hospital. Estimating deserves clinical attention to therapy outcomes contrasting study on use of generic drug prescription as well as essential drug prescription. The present representational of your written report undergoes screen the prescription medicine tendencies of antibiotics in clients. During this report, 200 cases have been self-possessed during which dictates the overall medical care was once administrated for antibiotics in patient’s idea out an essential drug. The report used to be an easy potential observational report which was once carried out six months. The clients had been self-possessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic characteristics showed that out of 200 patients, administration of drugs, to male were 121 (60.5 %) and female were 79 (39.5 %) and the maximum distribution of use of drugs was administered in the patients between the age group of middle age between 41-60 n=131 (65.5 %) and followed by young age 18-40 n= 37 (18.5 %) and old age of 60 years n=32 (16%). There was a high prevalence in the middle age group due to lifestyle habits, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking; alcoholism (males) unmasks blood sugar to rise. However, the prescription pattern of antibiotics drug utilization was most common in the therapy were monotherapy n=125 (62.5 %) followed by combination therapy n=75 (37.5 %) respectively. In this study the classes of drugs prescribed were Cephalosporins (25.5%), Quinolone antibiotics (12.5%), Macrolides (9.5%), Aminoglycosides (6%), Carbapenems (3.5%), Other antibiotics (2.5%), Tetracyclines (2%), Penicillins (1%) and Fixed-dose combinations (37.5). The results revealed that Fixed-dose combinations (37.5) were the choice of drugs prescribed in patients followed by Cephalosporins (25.5%) patients.
12 An Illustrated Review on Chemical Properties, Synthetic Methods and Biological Activities of Quinazolines, Pooja Pantola, Pooja Agarwal
Biologically active heterocyclic compounds comprise of largest & manifold family of organic compounds. These compounds include Quinolines, Quinazolines, Aminoquinolines, etc and their derivatives. They exhibit multi-faceted biological properties like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidepressant, anticancer, antitubercular &antihistaminic. Biologically active heterocyclic compounds are considered to be important as they are highly utilized pharmacological molecules. These compounds have various physiological significance too. This review summarizes chemical characteristics, possible synthetic routes & various bio-activities of quinazolines.
13 Demonstration for the Presentation of a Clinical Case Report/Study, Jayachandra Reddy P
The Abstract is the key part of the case study/ case report; it should be short and descriptive and addresses the main agenda of the report. It summarizes the all-over content to be effective and preferably less than 150 words.
14 Formulation and Characterization of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Root and Leaf of Wedelia trilobata, Sai Prasanna K, Jyothi Reddy G, Kiran M, Appa Rao C.
In the present study one such species, Wedelia trilobata, has be chosen to review the In vitro antibacterial activity of the root extract by using solvent ethanol for the selected plant Wedelia triolobata. The deduction of nanoparticles used to be unalterable by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, particle size, and zeta potential. The anti-bacterial activity of Wedelia trilobata mediated synthesis silver nanoparticles was tested by disc diffusion assay against standard organisms like Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The formation of silver nanoparticles by Wedelia trilobata was initially demonstrated by color changes confirmed by UV-Visible root exhibited a specific absorbance peak around 450 nm and leaf exhibited a specific absorbance peak around 418nm respectively. The Zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was found to be root 0.1 and leaf 0.4, so it indicates the dispersion and stability. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus was increased, which was indicated by an increase in the inhibition zone diameter from 3Mm for normal (9.5Mm), standard (12.3Mm), control (11.3Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (13.8). 5Mm for normal (7.3Mm), standard (19.4Mm), control (10.5Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (19.8). The antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E.coli was increased, which was indicated by an increase in the inhibition zone diameter from 3Mm for normal (7.8Mm), standard (8.5Mm), control (10.2Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (14.3). 5Mm for normal (13Mm), standard (19.6Mm), control (15.3Mm) extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (19.8). The present investigation revealed that the ethanolic Root and aqueous leaf extracts the chosen plant have potential to suppress the expansion of infective bacterial strains.
15 Formulation and Evaluation of Cimetidine In-Situ Gelling System By Factorial Design, Bharath Kumar K R S C, Vijay Kumar Voleti, Dasthagiri Reddy Y, Madhusudhana Chetty C, Poluri Suresh, Naganjaneyulu R.
The current papers offer the formulation, optimization, and evaluation of the starch-based in-situ gelling system of Cimetidine. The objective of the present study was to optimize the concentration of starch and concentration of MgCl2 for the formulation of in-situ gels of Cimetidine. Starch based in-situ gels of Cimetidine were subjected to measurement of viscosity, pH, drug content, and Q80. Entirely the preliminary batches were prepared by using different concentrations of sodium alginate (0.5% - 2%) and a constant concentration of MgCl2. On source the preliminary Screening, a 32 full factorial pattern set about to review the consequence containing self-sustaining variables, Put concentration Containing starch (X1) and concentration containing MgCl2 (X2) as to apprenticed probabilities like viscosity, drug content, Q80, and similarity factor. The best formulation C9 exhibited optimum viscosity (316 cp), drug content (99.25%), Q80 (90.15%), and similarity factor (73.46). The best batch exhibited good water uptake (62.44%) and there were no interactions were found during the IR study. A slow release of Cimetidine was observed and a good fit to the Korsmeyer Peppas plots was demonstrated. The correlation coefficient of the best batch is 0.9973 (Korsmeyer Peppas plots).
16 Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Escitalopram Oxalate Tablets by Using Super Disintegrants, Voleti Vijay Kumar, Bharath Kumar K R S C, Dasthagiri Reddy Y, Poluri Suresh, Naganjaneyulu R
Oral disintegrating Escitalopram Oxalate tablets have been formulated by direct compressing method. Escitalopram Oxalate is used as antidepressant drug and is beneficial to somebody needing dysphagia. In compatibility report there is no interaction between the drug and also the polymers. The ET1-ET9 used to be developed through direct compressing method using super disintegrants croscarmellose sodium, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and Polacrillin potassium. All the formulations showed good flow properties. The ET9 displayed to fine results as well as varied evaluation outcomes get pleasure from Hardness, Weight variation, Disintegration time, Drug content and Dissolution profile. Stability studies were carried out with optimized formulation ET9 which was stored for a period of one and two months at 40±2OC temperature and 75±5% relative humidity for a period 2 months. There are no changes in the values up to two months, it is a stable formulations.
17 Comparison of Process Parameter of Lab Batches, Scale-Up Batches Exhibit Batches Commercial Batches, Rajaguru R, Shalini G, Sai Priya R, Sutheesh T, Naveen Kumar P
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the critical process parameters and techniques and improve the quality and reduce cast and scaling up time. The pharmaceutical industry R & D refers to the process of successful progress from drug discovery to product development. The need to the target market are identified alternative product concept are generated and evaluate and single concept of selected for future development. The concept is a description of the from function and features a product and a usefully. The Scale up is the process as define to increasing the batch size or increasing different physical parameter the output of volume. The old process scale up techniques doesn’t involve studying the critical process parameters (Raw Process). The scale up batches industry to improve quality of the product in moving from Scale up batches/Exhibit Batches and validation batches. To improve the batches quality scale up of a process Transformation of small scale lab batches into commercial scale depended on experience and probability and involving the more technique. Due to this probability of success is less understanding of critical process parameters and process enables control of critical step process parameter during manufacturing and successful transformation from lab scale to Exhibit batches and commercial batches.
18 Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity on Whole Plant of Aerva lanata (L.) by In-Vitro Methods, Swathi Krishna K V, Likitha E, Benzawada Yaswantha, Chiramana Umakavya, Komaragiri Usha, Mulumudi Suneel, Sumanth T, Vemuru Vamsi.
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory events of plant extracts going from A.lanata by In-vitro strategies. The main objectives of the proposed work is to evaluate anti-inflammatory utilization of aqueous (AQEAL) and alcoholic (ALEAL) extracts containing plant of Aerva lanata plant in different models of experimental. The Whole plant of A.lanata plant powder was made and extracted with 95% alcohol and water (maceration process) to get alcoholic (ALEAL) and aqueous (AQEAL). Preliminary phyto-chemical studies with AQEAL and ALEAL revealed sensational ubiquity of phytoconstitutents of both extracts. Both the extracts of whole plant of A.lanata had prevented protein denaturation against heat induced proteolysis.
19 Preparation and Characterization of Natural Face Pack, Jyoshna M, Surendra Babu S, Shaik Aliya, Syed Shahbaz Ali, Pradeep Kumar M.
Herbal Products have huge demand from few decades as they yield good results without any side effects and provide a soothing effect for longer period of time. Using natural ingredients in a cosmetic formulation thus provides healthy and glowing skin. Currently, due to increase in pollution rate, skin allergic conditions, microbes and external effects human skin have become sensitive and prone to faster aging. Here we have made an attempt to formulate a pack ideal for all skin types. Thus, in the current work, the face packs that can be easily made with the available ingredients showed all the benefits and further optimization studies are necessary on various parameters to identify benefits on humans. The flow properties of natural herbal face pack show accurate results. All the ingredients were mixed homogenously and were evaluated for parameters like organoleptic properties (Appearance, color, odor, texture & smoothness) particle size ranges from 23.5±2.15 ?m to 24.4±5.14 ?m, Ash content ranges from 86 ± 0.951 % to 94 ± 0.34 %, pH was ranges from 6.51 ± 0.12 to 6.65± 0.16. Loss on drying ranges from 3.18 % to 4.12 %. Irritancy tests, rheological features and stability. The obtained results showed that the prepared formulation was stable on all parameters. Irritancy test revealed negative. Stability tests showed the inertness of the formulation.
20 Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Emulgels by Model Independent Approach, Venkata Durga Seshu Priya P, Ramesh Babu K, Raja Lakshmi S, Ramya B, Navin S, Harshitha V, Rupa B, Chandu Bhargav B.
In the current study, ketoprofen emulgels were prepared using Sodium CMC, Sodium alginate and Hibiscus as gelling agents in order to overcome gastric side effects and to achieve pharmacological response. Pre formulation parameters were performed to know the compatibility of pure drug ketoprofen with polymers CMC, Na alginate, hibiscus prior to the preparation of Emulgel. It indicates that no change was observed in the peak values of the drug in the physical mixture thus providing that both the drug and polymer were said to be compatible with each other. Emulgel of ketoprofen 2.5% w/w was prepared in 3 steps i.e., Preparation of gel, emulsion phases separately and incorporate both phases in homogenizer for a period of 45 min and stabilized it for 2 hrs. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for physical characteristics, drug content, pH, spreadability and in-vitro permeation studies. The physical appearance of all the formulations was creamy white, consistent, homogenous and stable. The pH of the prepared emulgels was found well within the range of 6-7. Release rate kinetics of the drug was studied with in vitro drug permeation data for all the formulations F1 to F9 and results were stated the best fit model for selected formulation F6 were found to be Zero order model with non-fickian diffusion. The formulations were compared with the reference product. The in-vitro dissolution of F6 was nearest to the reference product F10 (f2 = 85.17).
21 A Glimpse of the Molecule Chalcone, Monapati Suchitra, Sameera HR, Basavarajaiah NM.
The compound chalcone is very common which can available by synthetic means and naturally occurring from plant sources. These compounds have predominant value for their abundant properties with less adverse impacts on biological systems. The naturally occurring chalcone belongs to the flavonoid family. Chalcones are structural with two aromatic rings connected with three carbon alpha & beta unsaturated carbonyl systems. They possess many pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antifungal, antileishmanial activities based on the substituents substituted on them. Benzene rings containing conjugated double bonds and completely delocalized pi electron system, molecules possessing this system have low redox potential and greater electron transfer reactions. This review article covers the chemistry, synthesis, biological activities, Isolation of natural or synthesized derivatives of chalcone. The main entity of this article is to summarize the expansion of this molecule related to the structural entities and pharmacological actions.
22 Conventional Opthalamic Drug Delivery System: An Outlook, Venkata Lokesh G, Madhuvani M, Chatla Chandana, Sarad Pawar Naik B,Bhargavi S, Manasa A.
The most sensitive and complex organ in the human body is the eye, so special attention should be needed for the administration of pharmaceutical substances into the eye. It is one of the most difficult for researchers in the preparation of drug delivery to the eye. The anatomical characteristics and physiological properties of the eye should be considered in drug delivery. The properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms depend upon the anatomy and physiology of the eye. Drug delivery on to the outer part as well as in the inner part of the ocular structure for the therapy is a unique and challenging one. Physiochemical, microbiological, and pharmaceutical properties lead to absorption and elimination of active therapeutic agents into and out of the eye. Loss of precorneal more and fastly occurs due to drainage in the region of extraocular are some of the drawbacks in ocular drug delivery of conventional dosage forms. To overcome these problems, advancements in conventional dosage forms take place.
23 Role of COX-2 and ROS in UV-B Induced Skin Carcinogenesis, Archana G, Kusu Susan Cyriac, Aliya Kouser N.
Non-melanoma skin tumors are among the cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell tumors (cSCCs), are the most predominant malignancies. While UV-stimulated p53 transformations give off an impression of being an early and essential occasion in the enhancement of skin tumors, another significant provider is the over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Oxidative pressures elevate with the moving inflammatory cells, are firmly related with cancer or malignant advancement, and have been demonstrated to be related with beginning, advancement, or movement measures during multistage carcinogenesis. UV generation of COX-2 illustration and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) creation is thought to advance skin carcinogenesis, as well as add up to even the most initial stages of UV-instigated skin damage. ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) - intervened DNA injury assumes participation in the induction of carcinogenesis as well as in dangerous malignant alteration, and it might signify a significant donor in the pathogenesis of human carcinogenesis. The induction of COX-2 expression by acute UV exposure and constitutive up-regulation of COX-2 in UV-induced benign and malignant tumors leads to increased PGE2 production. ROS present inside the cells which are intracellular signaling cascades perform a function such as secondary messengers where they induce and maintain the oncogenic phenotype of cancer cells; however, cellular senescence and apoptosis can also be induced by ROS, and hence they also, therefore, function as anti-tumorigenic species.
24 Formulation Development and Characterization of Glipizide Transdermal Gels by Using Permeation Enhancers, Venkata Durga Seshu Priya P, Ramesh Babu K, Bhanu Prasad Reddy B, Suresh K, Greeshma N, Madhav, Venkatesh P.
That in research paper an effort were made to formulate glipizide transdermal patches using different permeation enhancers. The results obtained determined the polymer and solvent victimized had an influence on drug diffusion and permeability of the films. These results obtained showed that the drug diffusion via Eudragit RLPO films was relatively high compared to Eudragit RS100 and Eudragit RL100 films (Eudragit RLPO> Eudragit RL100> Eudragit RS100). The Formulation G6 has shown a good release. The effects designated to the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 expands the permeability qualities of Glipizide when compared to the other permeation modifiers.
25 Clotrimazole Loaded Topical Gels: Formulation, Development and In-vitro Evaluation, Balakrishnan M, Perumallu Sudarsanam, Neelima T, Lavanya E, Vidya S, Ajith Kumar K, Akash N, Gayathri Y.
The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate clotrimazole topical gel. Clotrimazole topical gel was prepared by dispersion method by utilizing various gelling agents like Carbopol 934p, HPMC K100, and Sodium alginate in three different ratios to achieve desired drug release. Prepared six gel formulations of clotrimazole were evaluated for pH, Viscosity, Drug content, Drug diffusion studies, and Drug release kinetic studies. The Drug-polymer compatibility reports have been done by FTIR absences of extraneous interactions among excipients. CTZGF4 releases 99.53% of the drug at the end of 8 hours and was considered as the best formulation. Therefore, formulations containing Carbopol produced better results than other formulations.
26 Development and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Polyherbal Hand Wash, Jampani Susmitha, Shaik Sana, Venkatanarayana D, Anusha Krishna N, Ganesh Prasad B, Bathala Anitha.
Hand-washing is significant in agriculture, housekeeping, and in addition vital in houses and daycare plans. The artificial handwash formulations an effort antiquated entice formulate a polyherbal hand wash victimization extract of Sida cardifolia, Azadirachta indica, aloe vera gel, and lemon juice. The pH of hand wash was ranging from 6.36 to 6.88. The handwash formulations were ranges from 56 cp to 62 cp. The formulation planned out along with lemon juice displayed the best antimicrobial utilization than the formulation while not lemon juice. The stableness reports no change in pH & Viscosity referred to in the formulations. The effects of the present work support the internalization as well as utilization of herbs in the formulation to help give better results.
27 Formulation and Evaluation of Prolonged-Release Tablets Containing Solid Dispersions of Rosuvastatin Calcium, Bathala Anitha, Praveen Kumar C H, Jampani Susmitha, Poolla Ramya Krishna.
Pharmaceutical Industry is striving hard to improve the dissolution of drugs with limited water solubility. One of the approaches to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs is solid dispersion. Hence in the present research, an attempt was made to improve the bioavailability of Rosuvastatin by formulating it as a solid dispersion. The release of Rosuvastatin calcium solid dispersion was prolonged using HPMC. Eudragit L-100 and PEG-6000 were used as carriers. Nine formulations of prolonged-release Rosuvastatin calcium (RS-SD 1 to RS-SD 9) were prepared and evaluated for pre and post formulation studies. Among all the formulations RS SD-3 showed an optimum release profile with 97.5±3.89 % indicating it to be the best formulation in the present research.
28 Formulation Design and Evaluation of Olmesartan Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets, Praveen Gujjula, Angala Parameswari S, Varun Dasari.
The present study mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Olmesartan can be used to bypass the extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and improve the bioavailability. The mucoadhesive Buccal tablets of Olmesartan are a drug of choice in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidneys. The FTIR results revealed that there was no interaction between drugs and other excipients. All the post-compression parameter was within acceptable limits. The in vitro drug release was in the range of 85.35% to 99.65% after 8 hrs the very best regression integrity (r) the best fit role model for F1 to F8 used to be zero-order and for F9 it was Higuchi matrix.
29 Utilization of Antibiotics and Identification of Antibiotic Resistance in Different Microbes, Bollineni Likitha, Teepalapudi Balaji, Durga Kaivalya P V N, Pavan Kalyan Reddy K, Palakurthi Yanadaiah, Kudipudi Harinadha Baba.
The inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development of resistant bacteria and has a significant influence on the treatment failure. The increasing rapid development and spread of ABR (Antibiotic Resistance) has become a big issue through worldwide during the past few decades. The main objective is to identify most prescribing antibiotics in clinical practice. To evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for different microbial infection. It is a prospective observational study of antibiotic prescribing patterns conducted over 6 months in outpatient and inpatient departments of Narayana General Hospital, Nellore. Collected data was analysed based on demographics like age, gender, monotherapy, dual therapy, triple therapy and quadrupole therapy. In 614 antibiotic prescribed patients, utilization of antibiotic is more in 45+years. The mono, dual, triple & quadruple therapy of antibiotics was observed as 79.8%, 17.2%, 2.6% & 0.3% respectively. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics are Cefuroxime and Metronidazole (5%), Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline (6%), Ciprofloxacin (7%), Cefixime (11%), Ceftriaxone (13%), Cefpodoxime (14%), Amoxicillin (24%). Utilization of antibiotics is more in general medicine, followed by surgery departments. Most of the infections are due to Escherichia coli (54%) and Klebsiella species (34%) and were mostly isolated from urine and blood specimens. Antibiotics which are highly prescribing in clinics were Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Cefuroxime. Most of the isolated bacterial species in the community had developed resistance to above antibiotics. Re-evaluation and advancement in antibiotic therapy is strongly recommended to overcome antibiotic resistance.
30 Current Perspectives of Therapeutic Applications of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Various Diseases, Mahajan Pradeep, Kulkarni Ajit, Subramanian Swetha, Mahajan Sanskruti
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the major focus of attention in regenerative medicine because of their intrinsic properties such as differentiation potential (can differentiate into various specialized cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes), high self-renewal capacity, low immunogenicity and having immunomodulatory abilities. These cells can facilitate tissue repair by releasing biologically active molecules such as cytokines, growth factors, etc. Umbilical cord tissue is the rich and potential source of stem cells; especially MSCs. Isolation of MSCs from the umbilical cord is promising because of several advantages such as ease of availability, non-invasive procedure, and minimal ethical limitations, and also high proliferation capacity, plasticity, self-renewal capacity, and immunomodulatory activity than the MSCs from various origins. In this review, we summarized the latest progress in the applications of Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as regenerative medicine in various diseases.
31 Quality Control Test for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: A Review, Prathap B, Ananth K, Arthi A, Arunagiri A, Balaji R.
Drugs as well as poor liquid efficiency and people enduring decadency in the aqueous medium might be in preference to formulated as solid products that include pills, powders, etc. The test that is carried out through the manufacture of impressive product comprises thickness, hardness, friability, dissolution time, disintegration time. The objective consisting of the present report was to document the requirements for the manufacturing of semisolid compounds. Ointments and creams are semisolid compounds given that external application program to the skin. The present report deals with an elaborated overview of comparative study in-process along with the finished product QC test for parenteral preparation. Injectables stay at substantial prominence on the earth market regardless of growing within the pharmaceutical grocery for 2-3 years.
32 A Case Report: Lamotrigine Induced Steven Johnson Syndrome, Bushra Unisa
A 21 years old male with complaints of erythematous erosive lesions, itchy and burning sensation all over the body for 5 days and multiple erythematous maculopapular lesions on palms and soles, erosive mucosal lesions in oral mucosa, erosive erythematous lesions on the scrotum, discharge from the eye, blurring of vision and redness in both the eyes. The patient was evaluated by three local doctors but not fully diagnosed. The lesions started after taking antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI’S) which was Lamotrigine, along with this Aripiprazole-Atypical antidepressant and Desfenlafaxine-a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI’S) was taken, it was prescribed by a psychologist who thought the patient is depressed, but the patient was inactive due to anemia. The initial dose of Lamotrigine is 25mg per day which can be managed further based on symptoms, but the patient was directly started with 100mg half tablet for 8days along with one 200mg of lamotrigine at night. The patient was not made aware of drug-related information like it’s side effects, improper drug usage and what if dose is missed. After taking patient history and examination the diagnosis was made to be Lamotrigine induced Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS). The patient was not depressed and he was not active as he was anemic. After correct diagnosis, the management was done with a corticosteroid, antihistamines, Pantoprazole, and antibiotic along with mouthwash and eye drops. The recovery period was of 40 days.
33 Development and Characterization of Quercetin Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Tumors, Sathish Banala, Madhuri Reddy M, Archana B, Marem Laxmiprasanna, Abulgsim Dudain Ali Babiker, Nimmalapudi Aashritha, Ollepu Keerthana.
Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases in the world, with a poor prognosis. Numerous assessments showed both tissue and cell distribution profiles of anticancer drugs might be reliant their defense in submicronic nanoparticles. The explanation behind this way is to wage increase antitumor efficacy while lowering systemic unwanted effects. These nanoparticles are well known to show theranostic activity which further increases the therapeutic index. In this study, we are developing antioxidant quercetin for the anti-tumor effect. The quercetin nanoparticles are prepared using the nanoprecipitation method with polycaprolactone as a polymer in which the nanoparticles are recovered. These nanoparticles are further optimized for the drug loading, characterized by the morphology using SEM and drug-polymer interactions by FT-IR, DSC. This lipophilic drug has shown a maximum entrapment efficiency of 81% and the SEM images showed nanoparticles of different shapes. There showed no interactions indicating the stability of quercetin-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles.
34 Preparation of Colon-Targeted Avermectins Tablets and its Release Properties in vitro Studies, Shaik Nissar, Pradeep Kumar M, Chandrakala P, Hari Kumar C.
The purpose of the current written report sniffs out swell colon targeted drug delivery system provided that Avermectins using Eudragit L-100 and cellulose acetate phthalate. The avermectins are a sequence of drugs plus pesticides used to treat parasitic worms. Avermectins serve as unexpectedly absorbed succeeding oral administration and its half-life will be 0.5 to 2.5 hrs which may be a restriction given that Avermectins. Due to less t1/2 doses of Avermectins composed grave responses within the GIT. Therefore matrix formulation involving proportions consisting of eudragit L-100 and CAP are planned out with the aid of a direct compression technique. The in-vitro drug release profile in dissolution maintain temperature at 37±0.5oC in a buffer because 19hrs. The Eudragit L-100 than by method using CAP and 1:1 ratios regarding eudragit L-100 and CAP. Succeeding 24 hrs % drug releases for the reason that AM-3 was found to be 98.2%. Drug release kinetics revealed that drug release from AM-3 tends to follow the Higuchi model along with fickian diffusion.
35 Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Risperidone , Ajith Reddy C, Uma Sankar K, Kishore Babu M.
The current research was primarily directed to develop and implement and evaluate rapidly disintegrating Risperidone using HPMC E15 and HPMC E5. The acceptable plasticizer but also its concentration were based on the basis of flexibility, tensile strength and stickiness of a film. The films are solvent casting process. The thicknesses of the films were in the range of 0.234 mm to 0.271 mm. The weights of films have been noticed being in the range of 83 to 91. Folding endurance of films had been noticed being in the scope of 38 ± 1 to 57 ± 2. The surface PH of all films have been encountered to really be neutral since there was no change in color inside the litmus paper. The disintegration time of such ready films were all in the scope of 19 sec to 32 sec.
36 Formulation and Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Anti Acne Fruit Face Wash Gel, Davuluri Mamatha, Amardeep Kaur, Gorenkala Madhu Sri, Pandre Maneesha, Pisikala Mounika.
Skin inflammation happens most ordinarily in over 96% of young people on skin as it is the most uncovered piece of our body to the microbes particularly acne causing microscopic organisms. In the current review, poly natural enemy of skin inflammation organic product face wash gel. Results showed that the gel was non-aggravation, stable and gangs hostile to acne action. The viability when tried with a standard was practically same to that of gel. From this review, it was reasoned that the organic product face wash gel is serious against standard with less incidental effects. The optimized formulation generates semisolid consistency, does not greasy residue upon implementation upon that skin. The pH of preparation was noticed to in the range of 5.5-5.7. It shows no grittiness inadequately inspection process of the able to prepare preparation noted no lumps and to have color scattering free from every fiber and particle. Viscosity of preparation would be in the range of 4.702-5.829. All preparation have better in comparison to marketed preparation and then in the range of 8.982-9.983. During stability testing F2 preparation produce good results during 3 months.
37 Pharmacological, Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Review of Capparis spinosa L., Archana B, Pothireddy Bharath, Gundala Deepika, Kiran, Maheshwaram Dharani, Badi Pavani.
Since ancient times medicinal plants have been used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases because they possess various bioactive components that promote the health of humans with minimal side effects. WHO reveals that 80% of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine and China uses up to 50% of medicines as traditional medicine. Modern research acknowledged the importance of using various medicinal systems like Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani in India and also acts as the vital sources for new drugs. As global warming is showing its negative effects there may be the loss of plant productivity due to high temperatures and severe drought conditions that affect global food security. Hence this review focused on a Xerophilous crop that was well adapted to severe drought and high temperatures namely Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) The review also focuses on the recent literature on phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects of Caper.
38 A Review Article on Diagnostic Methods and Treatment of Co-Infection of Malaria and Typhoid, Gunasekharan V, Venkateswarlu M, Koppeti Revathi, Paramjyothi Ravi Kumar Reddy, Vennapusa Hemteja Reddy, Ganapathi Gopinath Sai, Nagineni Pavithra.
Malaria and Typhoid both are caused by parasites. Both are most common infectious diseases in throughout the world. According to WHO researches Malaria and typhoid are affected in rural and urban areas. Malaria is caused by an obligate intercellular plasmodium parasite (Plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae). Once they entered into the host erythrocytes they change their cells and structure to create an optimals for their own needs. They damage the erythrocytes structure also. According the recent researches to estimate the malaria is responsible for 1 to 3 million deaths and 300 to 500 million infectious are occurred. Annually typhoid fever is widely affected in tropical and rural areas or countries. Typhoid that is a systemic attenuated virus described by such an acute illness, the common manifestations like fever, headache, abdominal pain and leucopenia. An alliance between both the malaria and typhoid co infection was first invented or recognized in the medical literature in the middle of 19th century.
39 A Case Study on Exercise-Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Archana B, Marneni Bala Sagar, Kondoju Arun Kumar Chary, Pagadala Kotesh, Meesala Simon, Ragsalwar Vinod.
Hypouricemia is a condition which refers to hyper-uric acid clearance due to a defect in renal tubular transport. It is considered as a hereditary renal problem. Patients with hereditary renal hypouricemia have a higher risk of exercise-induced acute kidney injury and reduced kidney function. Although avoiding exercise is considered as the best preventive measure, there are many kinds of jobs that require occupational exercise. A 32-year-old male physical trainer suffered from stage 3 Acute Kidney Injury after performing a 18-m multistage shuttle run test. His father had previously been diagnosed as having renal hypouricemia at another facility. The patient had reported having hypouricemia during a health check, but his serum uric acid concentration was within the normal range at our hospital. After treatment, he recovered from exercise-induced acute kidney injury and exhibited low serum uric acid and hyper-uric acid clearance. Since the patient desired to continue his career requiring strenuous exercise, it was difficult to propose a preventive plan against the recurrence of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Patients suffering with hereditary renal hypouricemia are at higher risk of developing Acute Kidney Injury when undergo strenuous occupational anaerobic exercise than other workers. Hence the risks of exercise-induced acute kidney injury among patients with hypouricemia should be considered when undergoing physical occupational training.
40 A Simple UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Assay study on different brands of Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide., Sayyed Nazifa S, Patel Seema A, Manjra Mehfuza U, Lajporiya Mobina I, Aejaz Ahmed A, Khan G J, Quazi Majaz, Patel M Siddik.
The objective of the project seeks to develop an effective significant less going to consume as well as simple spectrophotometry for such assay of Mefenamic acid Paracetamol and Furosemide. Comparative of assay of 3 distinct brand products of Mefenamic acid (Meftal 250-dt, Mefacid, Mefac), Paracetamol (T-98, Parawal-500, Crocin) and Furosemide (Lasix, Frusenex, and Furosemide) available in medical store of Akkalkuwa dist-nandurbar, India has also been done. With us results reveal that between the all 3 brand products anyway of Mefac shows highest percent assay 105.48% while mefacid shows lowest value for percentage assay 95.48% and in all brands of Paracetamol Parawal-500 shows highest percent assay 106.66% T-98 shows lowest percent assay 98.66% & Furosemide Frusenex shows greatest percentage assay of 104% while Furosemide demonstrates lower critical for percentage assay 95%. The part of its success excellent reliability inside the variety of 6.25-100 µg/ml with all brands of Mefenamic acid and Furosemide to correlation coefficient of 0.999. The recovery among all brand products of Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide was > 90%. The dilution and assay method perform in water and NaOH as a solvent.
41 Development and Standardization of a Polyherbal Anti Urolithiatic Suspension., Pallepati Kishor, Pallepati Kavitha, Siva Kumar Peta.
Renal terrific concentration with respect to stone forming components is mostly recognized to become one of the casual factors such as Calculogenisis. At this work, the preparation and standardization of polyherbal suspension was carried out. Proximate analysis values include percentage of the overall residue, proportion like acetone non-soluble residue, fraction of water soluble ash, percentage of moisture content and percentage of extractive values were analysed for various plants. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of various extracts of the plant revealed the presence of various constituents like glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids etc. Poly-herbal anti-urolithiatic suspension was prepared by combining the prepared extracts of Tribulus terrestris L., Aerva lanata L., Crataeva religiosa Hook & Frost and Emblica officinalis L. with suspension base. The prepared formulation showed good stability and redispersibility. Inside the research project, male mice have been chosen to urolithiasis so because excretory system of male mice starts to resemble that from people and then also existing research show that having the quantity like stone discharge through female mice had been substantially lower. Such research results, thereby stimulate the need for any further research to hold over the antilithiatic effect of the polyherbal suspension to prove that more effective treatment for lithiasis with polyherbal suspension can be achieved.
42 HPTLC Method in Determination of Lupeol from Bark Extract of Crataeva religiosa Hook and Frost., Nagarakanti DVR Saradhi, Venkatanarayana D, Swamy Charan D, Prathap B, Balakrishnan M.
HPTLC (high performance thin-layer chromatographic) is a new method which has been developed for the determination of lupeol in petroleum ether extract from bark of Crateava religiosa. This method is simple, precise, rapid and selective. It can be applied to determine lupeol in petroleum ether extract from bark of Crateava religiosa. This method is suitable for routine analysis and can be used by anyone with minimal training. As per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines we have applied different concentrations of lupeol as standard on HPTLC plates for the quantification of lupeol from the petroleum ether extract in bark of Crateava religiosa. The retention factor of lupeol was found to be 0.43f. The developed and validated HPTLC method was employed for lupeol in petroleum ether extract from bark of Crateava religiosa for standardization of the content of the marker. The results obtained in the validation assays are promising, with an average error of less than 0.5%. The results obtained in validation assays indicate the accuracy and reliability of the developed HPTLC method for the quantification of lupeol in petroleum ether extract from bark of Crateava religiosa.
43 In vitro anti-proliferative activity of newly synthesized compounds of substituted-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5yl)-methyl-9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-8-carboxylates., Gomedhika P M, Subhashini NJP.
A series of the newly synthesized substituted-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5yl)-methyl-9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-8-carboxylates 13a-h have been assessed for their anti-proliferative activity in vitro and shown negative effect with GI50 values 0.320-4.750 µM towards cancer cell growth. The compounds 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g showed significant activity towards three cancer cell lines of human. Among them 13 gm showed strong anti-cancer activity towards PANC-1 at 0.312 mM respectively. Notably, compound 13e showed significant activity at 0.320 mM against MDA MB-231 respectively.
44 Synthesis of 2-(3-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-4H-benzo [b] [1,4] oxazin - 4 -yl) - N -substituted phenylacetamides, Balakrishna Reddy B, Jagan Mohan Gopisetti.
Potassium Dodecatungstocobaltate Trihydrate [PDTC, K5CoW12O40-3H2O] mediated an alternative procedure has been developed in excellent yields for the preparation of a series of quinoxalines (3a-l) by one pot two - component condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamine (1) and vrious-1,2-diketone (2) at RT in ethanol.
45 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Management: A Review of Conventional and Contemporary Treatment Strategies, Disha Shah, Neha Raghani, Vishvas Patel, Mehul Chorawala
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogenous subtype of breast cancer, is estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative and is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women. The poor prognosis and an aggressive clinical course of TNBC warrants further research for therapeutic options. The current treatment alternatives, along with the potential therapeutic targets for TNBC have been enlisted here. Therapeutic benefits of AMPK modulation, androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, epi-drugs, immunotherapy, mTOR inhibition, PARP inhibition, platinum-based chemotherapy and various such modalities have been discussed. A reduction in cancer growth through AMPK activation by some drugs has directed research towards developing AMPK agonists and antagonists. mTOR suppression via AMPK pathway activation has shown to result in loss of tumor cell proliferation and glucose synthesis and thus, provides a beneficial outcome. Since many TNBC tumors express androgen receptors (AR), many agents which antagonize AR have been implicated in the treatment of TNBC. Regulation of epigenetic proteins by epi-drugs has shown to activate the apoptosis pathway, suppress the survival pathway and has been investigated. A detailed research on immunotherapy utilization in TNBC has emphasized its part in constraining tumor cell activity. Also, PARP inhibition has been associated with prolonged survival, especially in BRCA1/2 germline mutations and several combination regimens of PARP inhibitors with other drugs have been studied. Promising results of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been reported to prevent recurrences, compared to the standard scheduled therapy. This review aims to summarize existing as well as the feasible therapeutic courses of action for TNBC.
46 Case Study of Acute Liver Failure Due to Large B­-Cell Lymphoma, Ratnavath Gayathri, Beesam Anuradha, Peteri Pavithra, Katta Varalaxmi, Gorre Madhavi, Ranga Pushpa.
This case study is about a 72 yrs elderly woman as for acute liver failed due to huge b-cell lymphoma diffusion. The patient was diagnosed with the disease in the past and was on treatment for it. However, she started showing symptoms of fatigue and jaundice which led to hospitalization. The study looks at her medical history and current condition as well as how her disease has progressed over time. It also discusses the various treatments that have been tried so far and their effects on her. A CT scan indicated a huge B-cell lymphoma diffusely involving the liver. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and resection of the liver lesion because her condition was deteriorating rapidly. The woman had an enlarged liver (10 cm) with a nodular surface and diffusely increased attenuation on CT scan. She also had a gallbladder wall thickening on ultrasound examination. She has been hospitalized for the further assessment as well as organization of her acute liver fail due to huge B-cell lymphoma dispersion. The seventy two yrs elderly women acute liver problem due to huge B-cell lymphoma dispersion has been hospitalized for such a liver transplant. The patient has been given a diagnosis with huge B-cell lymphoma, that have distributed to her liver. The patients condition worsened incredibly quickly but she was admitted for a liver transplant. Acute liver failure can be caused by many different conditions, including poisoning, drug-induced hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and hepatic malignancies. Acute liver failure is usually reversible if it is caused by an identifiable cause and if that cause can be treated.
47 Observational Study on Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Agent and Evaluation of Comorbidities in Hypertensive Patients, Haseena Tabassum, Bushra Unisa, Heena Fatima, Sumayya Nouras.
Appraise the prescribing patterns of anti hypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension and related co-morbid conditions. To assess the prescribing patterns of medications in hypertensive patients. To study the demographics of patients associated with hypertension. To compare the differences in the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs, with co morbidity conditions. Review on medication outcomes in hypertensive patients. To evaluate the rationality outcomes in hypertensive patients. To obtain the mean arterial blood pressure of an individual patient. The age group 40-69 has more affected females followed by males at age group 60-79. Blood pressure increases with age, presence of the co-morbid condition, body weight, and lifestyle modification. The cause of hypertension may be known in some individuals whereas in most of the patients the cause is unknown. The individuals must be made aware of hypertension and directions about management with drugs and non-pharmacological implementation. The presence of hypertension for years may lead to further complications which if managed and monitored regularly can reduce risk. During the study period, 92 individuals were stage 1 (36.8) hypertensive followed by stage 2 (29.6%), elevated (15.2%), and normal (9.6%). The most commonly prescribed drugs in the study were Telmisartan (22.8%), Amlodipine (2.8%), Furosemide (2.4), Nifedipine (1.4), Captopril (1.4%), Metoprolol (0.8%), and Torsemide (0.8%) followed by losartan, Olmesartan, propranolol, ramipril, terlipressin, atenolol, valsartan, carvedilol, mannitol, vasopressin, and bisoprolol. Based on JNC 8 guideline the rationality of drugs obtained was 74.8%.
48 HPTLC Method in Determination of Guggulosterone Z from Leaf Extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn, Balakrishnan M, Melapudi Krishna Reddy Manisha, Monika P S.
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method is one of the best methods used in the analysis of herbal drugs. This technique is used to determine the quantity of bioactive compounds present in the extract. They have been utilized to analyze various types of natural products like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenes, saponins, tannins etc. In this study, we have used HPTLC technique to estimate Guggulsterone Z from leaf extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn. In order to prepare the extracts, dry powder of Tribulus terrestris Linn leaves were extracted with solvent and these extracts were subjected to HPTLC analysis using mobile phase. The chromatographic plates silica gel 60F254 aluminium sheets of 20 cm x 10cm dimension were used for developing the samples. The plate was air-dried after completion of the run and observed under UV lamp. In the present research work, the results obtained determined the presence of Guggulsterone Z in Tribulus terrestris Linn by HPTLC method.
49 Design, Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Lansoprazole Delayed Release Enteric Coated Pellets in Capsules, Boya Vivekananda, Ragsalwar Vinod, Madha Vishal, Maddhuri Chandana, Shaik Rizwan, Valluri Meghana, Santosh M.
The Current scientific work would be “Design, Progress and In-Vitro Categorization like Lansoprazole Delayed launch Capsules” indeed a categorization of proton pump inhibitor utilized during diagnosis like gastro esophagus acid reflux disease, erosional esophagitis as well as acid associated conditions. Lansoprazole would really an acid fragile opoid. That as well degrades with inside the acidic environment of it abdomen thereby resulting in therapeutic inefficacy. And thus will be essential to bypass an acidic nature of an abdomen. A current scientific task focus primarily on collection one of opoid would be Lansoprazole but also components like varied by HPC-L as well as eudragit L30 D55 have been also utilized even though enteric polymeric materials. An enteric coated granules seem to have been prepare through suspended layer-based particular method through fluidization processor. 10 compositions (F1 - F10) Lansoprazole enteric coated granules seem to have been ready wide variation a composers like drug loading, barrier coating as well as enteric covering. FT-IR has been manage to perform of about recognise this same suitability (compatibility) of some like the drug with assorted components various and SEM analysis had been done of about realize this same morphological characteristics of something like the pellets. In All 10 formulations were also maintained regarding Stability studies and done as three months there as 40°C/75 %RH but also 25°C/60 % RH as per ICH guidelines. A prepared formulations F 10 would be being shown advantageous in vitro acid as well as buffer release of drug in as during consistency timespan but also corresponding to a originator.
50 Evaluation of In-Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of Ficus benghalensis Tender Prop Roots Extract, Badugu Kranti Kumar, Kondoju Arun Kumar Chary, Kiran, Gajarlu Shivani, Abdul Rahaman S K, Boidi Mamatha.
Cancerous cell lines might grow to develop a kind indispensible interconnect within stages through the structure–based drug to a collection of medical applicants such as cancer therapeutics. The current study is one such effort to screen for in vitro cytotoxic potential of methanolic prop root extract of Ficus benghalensis against human colon adenocarcinoma (Colo 320) cell cultures besides Tryphan turquoise assay as well as MTT microarrays following the 24 hours exposure. A present work demonstrated a reduction in the count of total viable cell by Tryphan blue assay. However, we have reported anti-proliferative potential of methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis on colo 320 cell cultures with just an Ic50 values like 87.03µg/milliliter. Extensive research needs to be employed in the near future to explore the anti cancer potential of various solvent extracts of different parts of the plant to evolve a molecule of interest.
51 RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Ivermectin and Albendazole in its Pure and Combine Dosage Form, Banothu Srikanth, Greg Maryann Nzubechuwku, Bello Munirat Omowumi, Jacintah David Kolo, Zoya Fatima.
That whole percentage purification of ivermectin and albendazole seemed to be noticed of being 101.04% and 99.24% in both. That whole stability studies specifications just that Ivermectin and Albendazole also including theory trays or trying to chase aspect have been discovered of about be 4668, 1.3 and 6089 and 1.2, the resolving seemed to be discovered to also be 6.0. This same methodological approach must of been conclusively proven well according to aspect of this approach (ICH, Q2 (R1)). This same simple linear regression survey adjuvant but rather antifungal medication must have been present in concentration after all 50µg-250µg and 5µg-50µg as well as linkage coefficient (r2) has been encountered to really be 0.999 and 0.999, % regeneration had been noticed of about be 99.56% and 99.47%, %RSD regarding predictive validity had been 0.2 and 0.2, % RSD regarding medium accuracy must have been 0.2 and 0.1 respectively. It and accuracy analyze seemed to be exact, comprehensive, as well as consistent LOD value was 3.17 and 5.80, and LOQ value was 0.0172 and 0.212 respectively. Thus the posited RP-HPLC technique will be used for regimen assessment sure Ivermectin and Albendazole in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
52 A Review on Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications, Muppavarapu Anusha, Bijapuri Srivastava, Seelam Shyam, Prudhvi Raj V.
Hydrogel product lines necessitate a bunch of polymer composites; the electrophilic configuration which it’s conveys people capable of maintaining quantities of water in their three-dimensional connection. Comprehensive recruitment among these brands inside a wide range of industrial as well as environmental applications in the area is taken into account to have been of primary importance. Since intended, organic gelation have been progressively replaced besides biopolymer concept of development complete about their higher moisture absorbency, extended service existence, as well as different range like crude synthetic reserves. Poetry upon the topic must have discovered to also be widening, particularly within science fields of research. However, a number of articles as well as scientific documents handling nanogels goods from the designing viewpoints seem to be investigated versus summary technical capabilities protecting all is these rising cross-disciplinary area of research. The first goal of this headline should be to analyse a literature on topic classifying anyway alginate over separate depots, active components among these merchandise or quicker results after all about their usage. So it engaged innovations accepted recording silicone gel manufacturing along with process engineering impacts, or equilibrium data of something like the procedure. A kind created classification like previous generations sure mucoadhesive raw material has also been displayed in certain information.
53 Quality Control of the Unani System and Traditional Herbal Medicine, Dhanshri S Nandre, Bhagyashri G Pawar, Ansari Nargis, Aejaz Ahmed, Khan G J.
Traditional system of medicine have always play an important role in meeting the goal health. Traditional medicine and Natural Products have been of high significance. Those kind of systems of medicine just like Chinese medicine, ayurvedic medicine and practitioners of traditional, Korean traditional drug as well as homeopathic were practised in a few regions of the world and also have flourished into the orderly- regulatory processes of medication. Even though only one minuscule portion of the present species of plants have already been experimentally investigated for bioactive components till 1805, when first pharmacologically-active chemical codeine has been excluded through the opoid, natural ingredients as well as traditional medical already have created productive contribution for contemporary treatments. Herbal meditative substance as well as item want is continuing to increase, also with such a significantly rise inside the need; it is also very much an important necessity to preserve the standard of those. The Value of a herbal remedies seems to be modified besides variety of physical, synthetic as well as geological attributes that also help in improving the quality among these substances. Herbal system of education is one of the ancient traditional system of medicine which has strived through ages in the prevention and treatment of various medical conditions. It provide curative and rehabilitative healthcare with holistic approach.
54 Gold Nanoparticles: A Review, Sujatha S, Rabbani Sk, Sai Teja P, Kishore Kumar.
Gold nanoparticles are small gold particles with a diameter of 1 to 100 nm. Their characteristic surface Plasmon resonance feature aid indistinctive absorption and optical properties which can be characterized and can be useful in many biomedical applications. Gold Nanoparticles can be used as delivery vectors due to their high surface loading capacity of drug, gene, Protein or vaccine. The surface of Gold Nanoparticles can be modified by molecules such as polymers, Ligands, surfactants by conjugation increases its ability to cross the membrane and also helps in reduction of cytotoxic effect due to attraction to targeted areas. So, it can be used in Targeted drug Therapy by conjugating cancer drug molecules to these particles. Gold Nanoparticles absorbs certain wavelength of incident light and converts into heat which is transferred to cancer cells and leads to destruction of cells due to photothermal effect.