1 Rooting of Hardwood Cuttings of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Response to Pre-treatments and Rooting Media., Othman, D.N., Hawezy, Sh. M.N
Three natural plant extracts (Aloe vera, garlic and licorice), indole butyric acid (IBA) and three rooting media (soil, peatmoss, and soil + peatmoss 1:1 v/v) were used to study their effects on rooting of hardwood stem cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Thompson Seedless. The research was undertaken during January 15th – May 10th 2021, at Ankawa Ornamental Nursery, General Directorate of Agriculture – Erbil, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. The results revealed that, plant extracts were near to IBA in promoting rooting attributes, since garlic treatment significantly improved fresh and dry root weight, rooting percentage and root index. While, licorice enhanced root shoot ratio other than IBA. Moreover, rooting media (peatmoss and soil+ peatmoss) enhanced average number of roots, root dimeter fresh and dry root weight, rooting percentage and root index. While the effect of the interaction between the pretreatments and the rooting media differed on the rooting of cuttings and the growth of plants, garlic with soil+ peatmoss, and Aloe vera with each peat moss and soil+ peatmoss have recorded the highest values. Lastly, it could be concluded that using plant extracts as IBA alternatives for a clean environment with suitable rooting media have an effective impact in rooting of grape cuttings.
2 USING OF SEBAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING NET SOLAR RADATION AND LAND SURFACE TEMPRETURE IN THE DAYLA RIVER BASIN, IBRAHIME A. HEDRES, AYAD A. KHALAF, RAMZI M. SHIHAB
The study aimed to estimate the net solar radiation(RN) and the Land Surface Temperature(LST) in Dayla River Basin using the SEBAL model and remote sensing using the Landsat - 8 satellite image. Seven satellite images were selected for the period (1, jan 2020; 4 Fer. 2020; 23 Mar. 2020; 24 Apr. 2020; 10 May 2020; 11 Jun 2020 and 13 Jul.2020). Digital processing and mathematical algorithms were conducted to perform Incoming Shortwave Radiation and Outgoing Longwave Radiation, NDVI, SAVI and LAI…ect. The net radiation (RN) and surface temperature (LST) were calculated using ERDAS and ArcGIS software. The results reached Rn (373.2-80.1, 460.1-59.1, 640.4-179.6, 759.3-0, 752.4-72.9, 738.1-87.1 and 738.4-5.2) wath/m2 respectively, and the results of LST were (38.5-8.5, 25.7-11.5, and 36.8-17.0) and 43.2 – 22.1, 56.6 – 23.5, 67.5 – 30.8, and 66.1 – 31.3) Co respectively.
3 Impact of Some Soil Organic Improvements on Soil Fertility and Plant Growth on Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus ) under Greenhouse Condition in Sulaimaniyah Governorate, Akram M. Abdulrahman
For this goal, four types of soil improvements were used (Industrial biological fertilizer, such as dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in three concentrations (3, 6, 9 g-L), Biofertilisers with one concentration, organic matter, such as humic acid and folic acid with one concentrations as well as control. These seven applications were administered to Cucumber plant in an R.C.B.D. design with three different replicationsThe outcomes show that when use the results show that using dry yeast (6 g-L) has a significant difference in (P0.05) on the soil PH that decreased to 6.8 as well as Nitrogen contain 4.8%; available phosphorus 40.5ppm; potassium 2.9ppm. Humic acid has a statistically significant (P0.05) influence on EC, P, O.M., Biofertilisers have a statistically significant effect (P0.05) on Ca (22.04ppm) soluble ,Folic acid made a significant (P0.05) effect on soils E.C. ( 0.73ds-m), A comparison between effects of the treatments on cucumber yield and number of days until harvesting, green group system, root group system, and TSS (total soluble solid) it become clear that Yeast 3g-L give the significant difference (P0.05), treatments Humic acid, Biofertilisers, Yeast 3g-L give a significant difference (P0.05) on green group system and root group system.
4 Estimation dry weight of the different tree parts Populus nigra L. trees plantation in Zakho, Zainab Jamal Mohammed, Ammar Jasim Mohammed
This study has been conducted in the northern region of Iraq in the Dohuk governorate, Zakho district, Batufa district, Banka village, on the irrigated Populus nigra L. trees with an area of (50) hectares. The aims of estimating the dry weight of the various elements of the tree above ground, and it was based in this study on the collection of primary data From the trees, by taking stratified random samples from the study site, and collected the basic data for the study by dropping ( 35) Populus nigra L. trees , were weighted in their different parts above ground , as well as taking secondary samples from each tree and all its elements to prepare laboratory samples, using each From field and laboratory data and various regression methods available in the Statgraphics program came up with equations for estimating the dry biomass of different tree elements above ground, and that each of these equations were tested with accuracy measures (corrected coefficient of determination R2-adj, standard error SE, DW test, and residual analysis test), all the way to the best equation chosen to estimate the dry weight of any of the different tree elements on a surface, individually or in combination.
5 Effect of adding three levels of Guar on the rheological, sensory and storage properties of biscuits, Ahmed Muhsin Ali Ahmed Al-Janabi
Effect of adding three levels of guar powder to the local flour was studied, and the addition rates were 2, 2.25 and 2.5%. The chemical composition of all mixtures was estimated, as the values of the proportions of the components varied among themselves according to their chemical composition. The rheological characteristics of the studied mixtures were studied, as the absorption rate of Water 65.7, 69.1, 69.5 and 70.0% for treatments A, B, C and D respectively, as the increase in the added Guar ratio improved the absorption rate because of its excellent properties in binding water, and the values of the maturation time/min were 2.3, 2.8, 3.0 and 3.1 minutes for all transactions, respectively. As for the stability period, it was 4.9, 6.5, 6.6 and 6.8 minutes for all transactions, respectively. The addition of guar powder at a rate of 2.5% improved the storage period of the product and preserved its organoleptic characteristics.
6 Evaluation of two promising chickpea genotypes for yield and its components under different levels of bio-fertilizer., Mohammed Ali Hussain, Abbas Alo Khether
Afield experiment was carried out at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok during winter season 2020 -2021 to investigate different bio-fertilizer and promising chickpea genotypes on yield and yield components. The experiment designed in factorial experiments complete randomize block design with three replications. The results showed that the effected of chickpea genotypes, bio- fertilizer and their interaction between them on the most studied traits. The chickpea FLipo7- 245c was superior in the plant height (65 cm), first pod height (39 cm), number of nodules per plant (29.25), 100 seed weight (44.33 g) comparing with FLipo7-223c genotype. Concerning the bio – fertilizer, the rate 6 kg ha-1 recorded the highest values for all studied traits except number of pods per plant with increasing in yield 33.9% comparing with zero bio-fertilizer. Also the interaction between chickpea genotypes and bio-fertilizer were significant for all traits except number of nodules per plant and 100 seed weight (g). For these results, the chickpea was responded to different rate of bio-fertilizer and its important role in the most yield components. The simple correlation coefficient gave high value between yield and main branches (0.63) and first pod height 0.74 and also this study exhibited that the main branches per plant, number of pods per plant and plant height were the major contributed to seed yield.
7 Effect of Biochar, Urea and Irrigation Determinants on the Growth and Yield of Maize Zea mays L., Qotaiba.Saleh.Sheikh.AL-Kadem
The experiment was applied in the autumn season (2021 AD) to study the growth and yield of corn, the American variety 6664 DKC for two different levels of irrigation determinants A1 every four days and A2 every eight days and groups of urea fertilizer B1 no addition and B2 addition (200 kg/ha) and B3 addition (400 kg/ha) e) and different levels of Biochar (eucalyptus wood) C1 add no and C2 add (7 tons/ha), C3 add (14 tons/ha), and C4 add (21 tons/ha) using the (RCBD) design and with three replicates. The results of the experiment showed significant differences between the determinants of irrigation and urea fertilizer and Biochar and the interaction between them and for all the studied traits. The levels A1, B3 and C3 were characterized by giving the highest average over the rest of the classes for the characteristics of plant height (229.74, 235.68 and 243.59) cm and leaf area index (5.00 5.48, 5.64), chlorophyll content (43.45, 47.78, 47.88) CCI, the weight of 500 grains (134.31, 136.21, 138.22) g, total grain yield (9.48, 10.18, 10.81) ton/ha, and total dry weight (18.83, 19.72 and 21.39) tons/ha, according to the order. The interaction of the combination A1B3C3 gave the highest average in plant height, leaf area index, and weight of 500 grains amounted to (258.40 cm), (6.50) and (142.12 g) according to the order, which did not differ significantly from A1B2C3, A2B2C3 and A2B3C3. As for the chlorophyll content, the combination A1B3C3 excelled with the highest rate of (55.14) CCI and did not differ significantly from A2B3C3, while the combination A1B2C3 characterized the character of the total yield by giving it the best rate of (12.12 tons/ha), and it did not differ significantly from A1B3C3 and A2B2C3 and A2B3C3. In contrast, in the dry weight character A2B3, the two combinations, A1B3C3 and A2B3C3, were characterized by giving the best weight (23.50 ton/ha), and they did not differ significantly from A1B2C3. We conclude from the study that treating the soil with 14 tons/ha of biochar increased the urea fertilizer to 50% and increased the limits of irrigation to 8 days, meaning that the application of (14 tons/ha) biochar + (200 kg/ha) urea fertilizer and irrigation every eight days It was sufficient to meet the nutrient and moisture needs of the US 6664 DKC maize crop.
8 Response of the weeds accompanying the peach trees to chemical control once or twice and the effect of increasing the growth and quality of the peach, Alla Serwan Hussein, Adnan Hussein Ali ALwagaa
A field trial was carried out in Sulaymaniyah Governorate during the autumn season of 2021 to study the effect of the number of Repeat herbicides the effect on weed accompanying peach trees yield and fruit quality characteristics. The first factor is the number of applications of herbicides (once, twice) and the second factor is the five control treatments (control, glyphosate 1500 ml/dunam herbicide concentration, glyphosate1000 ml/dunam herbicide concentration + magnetization of the spray solution, paraquat herbicide concentration 500 ml/dunam, and paraquat herbicide concentration 250 ml/dunam + magnetization of the spray solution). The results indicated that repeat control times gave a significant effect on the wet and dry weight of the weed roots 40 and 60 days after control gave a weight of (161.54, 136.18) gm of wet weight a (66.39, 48.23) mg of dry weight. The treatment of glyphosate + magnetization of the spray solution achieved the lowest wet and dry weight after 23.682 mg 60 days after control, as for the effects of interaction tow applications with the treatment of glyphosate + magnetization of the spray solution, the lowest dry weight was reached 19.493 g after 60 days for control. Paraquat treatment achieved the highest yield/tree rate of 17.917 kg, and one of peach 135.739 g and size of peach 118.33 cm3, the treatment of glyphosate + magnetization of the spray solution achieved the highest control rate of 87.3%, and the lowest control rate was 44.0, which was achieved with Paraquat. Concluded from this trial that the herbicides affected controlling the weeds associated with peach Increasing yield and quality.
9 Management of irrigated soil by rotary sprinklers using remote sensing techniques, Taha A.T.D. AlJawwadi, Abdalrahman R. Qubaa
Two areas were selected, one of which field visited, the other was a comparison area based on remote sensing data. The region was cropped from the Landsat satellite data within the path 170 and 35 for the years 2001 and 2020 for the same day on (5-28-2001) and (28-5-2020). Based on the (NDVI) guide and classifying its results by ArcMap 10.3.1 program, Several behaviors of the soil irrigated with sprinklers were diagnosed, such as the method of plowing, irrigation scheduling, dividing the irrigated areas, and the use of agricultural cycles, as well as the development and increase in the number of sprinklers, which is evident through the distinctive circular pattern, as well as the negative and positive administrative effects such as dividing the irrigated area into half-frame and emergence different treatments for each section or plowing with the circumference of the circle as a negative behavior in the division, which was evident in the pattern of the appearance of sprinklers in the satellite data.
10 A study of the uniformity of the parent materials for some series of the North Tikrit Agricultural Project in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Abdu Salam Mutar Hamad, Abdullah Ezawy Rashid
The aim of study was to determine the homogeneity of the parent materials in the North Tikrit agricultural project, five calcareous-gypsiferous pedons were selected, , Three criteria were selected to determine the homogeneity of the parent material. First, the ratio of very fine sand / total sand and fine sand / total sand. Quantity of quartz and zircon minerals through the measurement of the standard deviation. The result showed that all study pedons were homogeneous.
11 Some physical properties of soils with different gypsum content in northern Iraq sites, Ghayth Muhammad Yahya, Mooatasim Dooad.S.Agha
six location in Nenevah governerate (Khafaja , Aski Mosul and Abu Mariyya), have been chosen for collecting soil samples with gypsum content (86, 101 and 76.4 gm kg -1 ) respectively, and soil samples were collected for (0-30 cm) depth . In addition , (Al-Iyyadyah , Ain Talawi and Sino) locations were also selected for collecting other soil samples in gypsum content between (444.4 - 830 g m kg-1 ) . Soil samples were in two depths (0-15 cm) and (15-30 cm) . .For estimation gypsum percentage , the current work used four methods including (Rechard 1954 , Barium Sulfate 1988 , AL Mufty 2000 and Artieda 2006 ) ,while artificial gypsum were used as acontrol . Artieda method showed highest values of (artificial gypsum ) , and thus was used as the best method . The first three soils had a clay texture , while increasing the percentage of gypsum in the remaining of the studied soils made it difficult to estimate the percentages of soil separators . The results of this study showed the inverse relationship between the percentage of gypsum and calcium carbonate in the gypsum soil of the study location in the direction from the city of Mosul towards the Sinjar district . The increase in the gypsum percentage is accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of total calcium carbonate.The study showed that soil samples of the first three locations , it s saturated hydraulic conductivity values increase with a decrease in the percentage of fine particles in the soil . Additionally , the increase of gypsum percentage in the gypsum soils leads to a reduction in the values of the saturated hydraulic conductivity values , while the increase in the percentage of calcium carbonate was accompanied by an increase in the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity. The values of the instantaneous infiltration rate indicate that they differ between the study sites depending on the initial moisture content , texture and structure of the soil. Al Khafaja soils observed low basic infiltration rate 50% compared to gypsum soils, with an increase in the gypsum percentage at the locations (AL-Iyyadiah , Sino and Ain Talawi ) (15 - 60%), accompanied by a reducion in the values of the basic infiltration rate (66-20%) , the gypsum soils has a cumulative infiltration values during the measurement period of 120 minutes, which is higher than the another three locations soil due to its high ability to impregnate and retention moisture under low tension..From the results of (dry and wet) sieving , it was clear that the values of the mean weight diameter in first three soils were similar. In gypsum soils the mean weight diameter increased , especially after the limits of 700 g kg-1 of gypsum content .The results of Atterberg limits (shrinkage limit, lower plastic limit and upper plastic limit ) and clay effectiveness were different for first three soils (where this property could not be obtained in gypsum soils).
12 Effect of Spraying the Leaf with Three Types of Foliar Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of the Bean. Vicia Faba.L, Zakaria Mahmood Mohammed
The experiment was carried out in the fields to the College of Agriculture, Kirkuk University / Al -Sayada for the season 2020-2021. To study the effect of spraying the leafs with foliar fertilization on the growth and yield of bean (using three types of foliar fertilizers of different composition, as coefficients of NP sprays) and the treatment of different types of fertilizers.15 -30-15, fertilizer 40-6-13 and fertilizer 20-20-20 and the control treatment without adding foliar fertilizer and using distilled water. The experiment was designed according to the design of the complete random block (RCBD)and with three replications. The treit were studied (plant height, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, and pod weight per plant, weight of 100 grains, number of seeds per plant, biological yield and total grain yield). The superiority of the fertilizer treatments 15-30-15 as well as the fertilizer 13-6-40 with an insignificant difference between them in all the studied traits over the fertilizer treatments 20-20-20 and the treatment without spraying, so We recommend spraying the bean crop with a foliar fertilizer containing a high percentage of phosphorus 30 and a fertilizer containing potassium 40 to give the highest yield of branches, pods, biological yield and grains
13 Yield response and it’s components of faba bean genotypes under different levels of Challenge herbicide, Mohammed Ali Hussain, Abbas Alo Khether, Mohammed Abudl- Rhaman
Study was carried out to evaluate weed on faba bean genotypes yield ( Akuadcye , Flip 17-08FB, FLI17 – 072 FB and Fido) under different levels of Challenge herbicide (0.0 , 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Lha-1 ) during winter season 2020-2021 at experimental station /Duhok University. The factorial experiment was carried out with Randomize Complete Block Designin three replications The results showed that the Challenge herbicide levels reduce the number of Monocotyledon andDicotyledonous weeds. Also, the results presented significant effect of genotypes, challenge levels and genotypes x genotypes levels interaction. The interaction between Fido-2Lh-1 significant effect on plant height (63.83 cm), first pod height (23.83 cm) , number of main branches per plant (4.48), number of pods per plant (18.15) , 100 seed weight (122.18 g) and total yield 2682 kg ha-1 which could be to the effect at rate 2Lha-1 in reducing Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon weeds .
14 Effect of combining ability for indicators of infection of wheat galls nematode and yield in the second generation of bread wheat genotypes Triticum aestivum L., Yasser K. Hindy, Jasim M. Aziz, Salih M. Ismail
A field experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in Kirkuk governorate / Hawija district N 43º36´17.73"E"05.56´ 35º16, in the winter season of 2020, and the study included a sensitivity test for 55 genotypes represented by (10 genotypes and 45 hybrids in the second generation) for galls disease Wheat, the experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), the results of the analysis of variance for the two general and specific abilities showed that there were significant differences for genotypes in all studied traits, that the best parents with general combining ability and in the desired direction are the parent (Kauz). For the characteristics of the percentage of inactive tillers, the number of spikes of the plant, the number of grains of the spike, the weight of 1000 grains, the yield of the individual plant, and the parent (Site Mall) for the characteristics of the number of spikes of the plant, the number of grains of the spike, the yield of the individual plant, the percentage of infected spikes, the percentage of infected grains and the average weight of the gall The following hybrids (Kauz x Abu Ghraib and Clack x Abu Ghraib and Milan x Abu Ghraib and Site Mall x Kauz and Flurka x Kauz and Clack x Oasis and Milan x Oasis and Sham 6 x Site Mall and Hidab x Flurka and Iba 99 x Flurka and Hidab x clack and Sham 6 x clack and Hidab x Milan and Iba 99 x Milan and Sham 6 x Iba 99), in most of the studied traits of the combining special ability, the traits are the percentage of inactive tillers, the number of spikes of the plant, the weight of 1000 grains and the yield of the individual plant. It was with additional variance higher than the dominance, as it was found that there is partial dominance, the heritability in the narrow sense was high for the characteristics of the percentage of inactive tillers, the number of spikes of the plant, the weight of 1000 grains and the yield of the individual plant, and its value ranged from 0.51 to 0.65, while the trait of the number of grains was recorded The spike, the percentage of infected spikes, the percentage of infected grains, and the average gall weight (mg), heritability ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. The expected genetic improvement as a percentage was high for all studied traits except for the number of spike grains and the weight of 1000 grains. The average genetic improvement was 21.73 and 27.66%, respectively.
15 Phenotypic and molecular diagnosis of some fungi that cause spikes blight on barley in Salah al-Din and Nineveh governorates, Saad Allah Hassan Ali, Qais Kazem Zwain, Karkaz Muhammad Snow
The results of the field survey showed that when the head blight disease was investigated on barley for the barley cultivation areas in the governorates of Salah al-Din and Nineveh, the disease spread in varying proportions, the number of fields affected by the disease (examination appearance) 17 fields out of 21 fields included in the survey process, and the infection rate in the fields ranged between 3.2 - 4.7 %, with an average of 2.9 %, and a severity of infection ranging between 0.3 - 0.9 %, and an average of 0.7%. The data related to the percentages of isolates from ears and barley plants showed a higher frequency of appearance of spp Fusarium species compared to isolates of other fungi. The highest frequency of appearance of F. graminearum reached 20% of the adult plant and 35% of the ears were followed by F. culmorum with a rate of approximately 15% of the plants And 20% of the spikes, followed by the type F. poae with 15% of the plants and 10% of the spikes, and other genera appeared with the fungul Fusarium spp in the emergence and the highest percentage of the appearance of the fungus Alternaria spp and by 25% on the adult plants and 20% on the spikes Then the fungus Aspergillus spp followed with a percentage of 5% on adult plants and 10% on spikes, and Helminthosporum spp with 5% on adult plants, while it appeared on spikes by 10%. After purification of the colonies, we noticed the presence of colonies of white color in general with a pink color, which changed with the age of the colony to brown, forming a fungal pillow with limited formation when growing on the middle of the Carnation Leaf Agar (CLA) leaves. The inverted plate was pale orange in color. Also, Macroconidia spores appeared under the microscope, curved and thin on its dorsal side, and the spores were thin, with thick walls, of medium lengths, and curved or straight on their ventral side, their basal cell distinct and the apical almost tapering. The number of septa in large spores ranged between 3 to 7 septa. Chlamydial spores of fungi are different in their composition, and the slow-forming spores are often the most common ones that form on large conidia, as they were formed in the mycelium single with dimensions between 10-12 micrometers. Colonies of `red color tend to brown and Macrocondia strong and somewhat short and surrounded by thick walls, the dorsal side is relatively curved, and the ventral side is almost straight. clove. Conidia runners are branched on mycelium of mushrooms that assemble and form the pillow-shaped Sporodochium. The shape is oval and tends to be spherical. It is characterized by Chlamydia spores, which are formed between the cells of the mycelium of the fungus or on both ends. Its texture is soft to rough, and the dimensions range from 9-13 micrometers, and they are singly or aggregated, giving the form of chains. Molecular diagnosis of the fungal isolates that caused head blight in barley fields, F. graminearum and F. culmorum, was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology by using a pair of specialized primers to detect genes in the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) ITS in which the forward initiator (ITS1 F: 5′- TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and the reverse initiator (ITS4 R: 5′ TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) were used. The results of electro-migration analysis using 2% agarose showed that a band of size 544 base pairs appeared, which is the size that was expected at which the specialized primers appear for detection. Because the initiators are located within the genetic makeup of F.graminearum and F. culmorum. It is finally confirmed that the two isolates of mushrooms that were diagnosed by phenotypic diagnosis on culture media belong to the two fungi mentioned above.
16 The effect of immersing seedlings of capsicum annuum that infected with cucumber mosaic virus in suspensions of Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 on some plant qualities., Selda Mohammed Baker, Nabil Aziz Kassim, Bassam Yahya Ibrahim
The results of serological diagnosis using TAS-ELISA test showed presence of cucumber mosaic virus in samples brought from the cucumber fields. Using systemic inducing resistance agents Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum T-22 , and their mixture improved pepper vegetative parameters. Seedlings treatment with A. brasilense improved in shoot, root wet and dry weight 14.32 , 4.11, 16.48 and 5.43 gm respectively, while it were 9.48 ,2.75,14.89 and 3.72 gm, respectively, in control treatment. The amount of chlorophyll was 2.065 mg. g-1 wet weight, while it was 1.183( mg. g-1 wet weight-1) in control treatment. leaf area was 133.17cm2, while it was 95.51 cm2 control treatment. Pepper seedlings treatment with A. brasilense caused raising in peroxidase enzyme activity, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity and total phenols after thirty days of treatment with the virus.Pepper seedlings treatment raising in peroxidase enzyme activity with 285.85(unit.min-1.g wet weight-1), while it was 107.42(unit.min-1.g wet weight-1) in control treatment. In polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity it was 286.32 (unit.min-1.g wet weight-1)100.98 respectively (unit.min-1.g wet weight-1) in control treatment .The highest amount of total phenols was recorded in pepper seedling treated with mixture of T. harzianum T-22 and A. brasilense with 3.07 (mg-1.g ww-1) while it was 1.15 (unit.min-1.g wet weight-1) in control treatment .
17 Effect of immersion seedlings of capsicum annuum that infected with cucumber mosaic virus in suspension of bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 on the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase., Selda Mohammed Baker, Nabil Aziz Kassim, Bassam Yahya Ibrahim
The result of serological diagnosis using TAS-ELISA test showed presence of cucumber mosaic virus in samples of squash plant from the fields in Mosul city. pepper seeds treated with Trichoderma harizanum T-22 and Azospirillum brasilense caused an increase in peroxidase enzyme, polyphenol oxidase enzymes activity and phenol content in plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus. Where the highest values of increasing activity were recorded. peroxidase on the thirtieth day after infection with the virus in T. harizanum T-22 treatment with 474.21 (unit. min.g wet weight-1) while the activity of the enzyme was 161.4 (unit. .min.g wet weight-1) in control treatment . mixture of A.brasilense and T.harizanum T-22 treatment showed the highest level of polyphenol oxidase activity with 345.37 (unit. min.g wet weight-1) after thirty days of treatment. In control treatment plants, the enzyme activity was 127.1 (unit. min.g wet weight-1) . The highest amount of total phenols was recorded in mixture of A.brasilense and T.harizanum T-22 treatment with 1.35(mg.g wet weight-1), while the lowest amount was 0.85 (mg.g wet weight-1) in control treatment .
18 Study the effect of spraying date with different concentrations of Atlantis herbicide in controlling Avena fatua accompanying the wheat crop., Ghadeer Mukhles ,Mawlood, Jassim Abdullah Hayawi
The research was carried out in the Agricultural Technical College / Mosul during the agricultural season (2021-2022) in plastic anvils with a height of 30 cm and a diameter of 30 cm, and according to the system of global experiments and with a complete random design and with two factors, the first factor is the stages of spraying the herbicide and at three levels (early growth stage, tillers stage, batting stage) , The second factor was concentrations of the herbicide at four levels (zero, 200, 300, 400) g/ha and three replications. The results showed that the early spraying of the herbicide had a significant effect on most of the studied traits, and that the increase in the concentration of the herbicide affected the weed plants and decreased the number of their weeds and significantly, and that the low concentration significantly outperformed the number of wheat plants and in the area of the flag leaf. And that the interaction between all the spraying stages of the herbicide and the high concentration caused the killing of all the weed plants, and it reduced the number of the weed tillers until it reached (1.33) tiller when the interaction between the spraying of the herbicide in the lining stage and the high concentration. The interaction between spraying the herbicide in the early growth stage and the low concentration of the herbicide achieved a significant superiority in the number of tillers of wheat crop plants and the area of the flag leaf.
19 Study of the spread potato virus M in some areas of Nineveh Governorate, Ali Waleed Ali, Nabil Aziz Kassim, Juhayna Idris Muhammad Ali
The results of serological diagnosis by using DAS-ELISA test on the potato plants showed the presence potato virus M (PVM), in terms of the yellow colour that appeared in the positive pits, and through the absorbance readings of the spectrometer recorded the highest value in the Sherikhan samples, which reached 2.480, while its less value in Wana was 0.799 nm. the frequency of the virus in the Rabia was 42.1%, while the frequency of the virus in the Wana was 27.7%.Statgraphics 18 program was used with Kriging analysis to predict the probability of distribution of potato virus M and to determine the nature of its spread in the potato field in Al-Fadiliyah area by the visiting aphids (noncolonizing) and the resident aphids (colonizing). where it reached 58%, while the infection rate increased in the second and third trimesters by 45% and 43%, respectively.the spread of infections was random in the field, which indicates the role of aphids in as a vectors, whether it was the visiting aphids and the resident aphids. The spread of the virus has been associated with the insects that carry it in the field and the occurrence of secondary infections during the growing season, especially that the results of diagnosing aphids caught by The yellow sticky traps has two species of aphids, which are Myzus persica and Aphis fabae, the first species considered a visitor to the field first and other turns into a colonizid because it prefers to potatoes, while the other species is a visitor but non colonizid the field.
20 Efficiency three species of Aphids sp. In transmitting potato virus M, Ali Waleed Ali, Nabil Aziz Kassim, Juhayna Idris Muhammad Ali
Three species of aphids on potato, Myzus persica , Aphis gossypii and Aphis fabae Were identified based on morphological and confirmed in the Museum of Natural History/ University of baghdad Potato virus M (PVM) was diagnosed by DAS-ELISA test on potato samples, in terms of the yellow color that appeared in the pits of the positive samples.The results of laboratory results showed that the aphids are efficient in transport the Potato virus M with an acquisition feeding time ranging between 10-30 seconds.Two insects/plant are low efficient to transmit the virus then the infection rate increased with the increase in the number of insects feeding on each plant, and the optimum number was 8 insects/plant.While M.persica excelled in transmitting the virus with an efficiency of up to 100%, with an acquisition time of 30 seconds. and Aphis gossypii it was efficient in transmitting at the acquisition time of 10 and 30 seconds. Whereas, Aphis fabae recorded the best transmission efficiency at a 30-second acquisition feeding time.
21 THE AWARENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN KIRKUK GOVERNORATE TO THE NANO-FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY, Omar Hashim Muslah ALmohammedi, Khattab Abdullah Mohammed, VIAN JABAR JALAL
The aim of the research is to identify the awareness of workers in agricultural extension in Kirkuk governorate of Nano-fertilizer technology. As well as to identify the correlation between the awareness of workers in agricultural extension of Nano-fertilizer technology and each of the following variables: (age, gender, training, educational attainment, duration of employment service, and specialization). The research included all the agricultural extension workers in the center of Kirkuk governorate, who numbered 343 employees. Of the questions to identify some of the characteristics of the respondents, while the second part included a triangular Likert scale consisting of (34) items, in front of which the alternatives (perceived, perceptible, unaware) were given and weights were given (3, 2, 1) respectively. The data of the study was collected by personal interview. The data was classified and analyzed using a set of statistical methods using the SPSS program. The results also showed a significant correlation among the awareness of agricultural extension workers of Nano-fertilizer technology and (age, gender, academic achievement, and length of functional service), while the results showed no significant correlation with (training, specialization). The researchers recommended the necessity of holding functional training courses for agricultural extension workers to increase their awareness of modern technologies, including Nano-fertilizer technology, and to involve them in the process of devising and innovating modern technologies in coordination with scientific research centers.
22 Training Needs of potato growers in sub district the Al-Nasr and Salam / Abu Ghraib/ Baghdad governorate, Mahmood Hadies Jasim AL-Jumaily, Luay Muayad Tawfeeq AL-Qaysi
The research aimed to determine the level of training needs for potato farmers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam sub-district / Abu Ghraib district, and to determine the correlation between the training needs of farmers and some independent variables related to them, represented by (age, educational level, cultivated area, ownership of agricultural equipment and the attitude towards training), and arranging the problems facing farmers Descending.In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of three parts, the first part of which included the independent variables of farmers, while the second part included a scale of training needs related to agricultural operations for growing the potato crop, which included (47) paragraphs distributed over seven areas, namely (land preparation, cultivation method, fertilization, irrigation, hoeing, pest control, and harvesting). The third part included (12) a problem that is considered one of the most important problems facing potato farmers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam district / Abu Ghraib district.The research community included all the potato crop growers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam district, who numbered (1356) farmers distributed over five provinces (Ghariba and Soleimani, Mahmoudi and Mufti, Biala, Abadi and Hawr Al-Basha, Western Radwaniyah).An exploratory sample of (30) farmers was taken from the provinces of (Biyala, Abadi and Hawr Al-Basha), with (15) farmers from each of them, for the purpose of conducting the initial test to determine the validity and reliability of the form. While the community subject to the research procedures included three provinces representing (60%) of the five provinces, which are (Ghariba and Soleimani, Mahmoudi and Mufti, and Al-Radwaniyah Al-Gharbiya), comprising (1054) farmers, from whom a simple proportional random sample was taken at a rate of (10%) and thus the number of farmers covered by the procedures Research (105) farmers.The results showed that the average degrees of training needs in general tend to be high, and that there is a significant correlation between training needs and the variables (age, educational level, possession of agricultural equipment and the attitude towards training), and it was also found that potato growers in the research area suffer from major problems, although The problem of (lack of government support for farmers) came first, and the researchers recommend the need to work to meet the training needs of potato farmers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam district / Abu Ghraib district, Through the establishment of agricultural training courses, and the necessity of activating the role of the agricultural training guidance center in the research area through holding seminars and field days and distributing guidance leaflets for planting the crop to potato farmers to increase their information and knowledge, and the government role must be activated in supporting national agriculture by providing fertilizers and pesticides in quantities And appropriate prices to maintain local agriculture and not to import the potato crop from abroad.
23 Effect of Maca Tuber Powder with or Without Vitamin E on Some Blood Biochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Status of Ross 308 Breeder Males, Sameerah H. Ameen, Ammar.Q.Shanoon, Nidal Abdul Ghani
This study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk / College of Agriculture in the fields of the Department of Animal Production to see if the powder was essential in the semen characteristics of the breeder males of Ross 308 broilers, as 40 roosters were randomly divided at the age of 55 family trips, five roosters per treatment, the third treatment, the treatment First, first treatment (first treatment) add 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg feed, third treatment add 0.5 gm maca tubers base / kg feed, fourth treatment add 1 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g base maca tubers / kg feed + add 0.5 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g vitamin E / kg feed, seventh treatment 1 1 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g vitamin E / kg, eighth treatment, 1.5 maca tubers powder / kg feed + Add 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg. Results The addition of the study group to the study group. The high concentration of maca tubers powder 1.5 gm maca powder basis / kg feed with or without vitamin E represented by the fifth and eighth treatments was a significant superiority over the control group and the rest of the study in improving the volume of ejaculate, sperm concentration, movement and individuality of sperm, offset by a significant decrease in the percentages of dead and distorted sperm, and an increase in the percentages of dead and distorted sperm. Significant in the concentration of glutathione and the decrease in MDD in all study group compared to the group over a period of four and eight weeks. Based on this study, this study produced broiler broilers by age.
24 Effect of Maca Tuber Powder with or Without Vitamin E on Some Blood Biochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Status of Ross 308 Breeder Males, Sameerah H. Ameen, Ammar.Q.Shanoon, Nidal Abdul Ghani
This study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk / College of Agriculture in the fields of the Department of Animal Production to find out the effect of maca tuber powder with or without vitamin E on the semen characteristics of the males of the mothers of Ross 308 broilers. 40 roosters were randomly divided at 55 weeks of age into eight treatments, five roosters For each treatment, the roosters of the first treatment (control group) were fed a standard diet without any addition, the second treatment added 0.5 gm of vitamin E / kg of feed, the third treatment added 0.5 g of maca tuber powder / kg of feed, the fourth treatment added 1 gm of maca tubers powder / Fifth treatment add 1.5 gm maca tubers powder / kg feed, sixth treatment add add 0.5 g maca tubers powder / kg feed + add 0.5 g vitamin E / kg feed, seventh treatment add 1 gm maca tubers powder / kg feed + add 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg, the eighth treatment, adding 1.5 maca tuber powder / kg fodder + adding 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg. The results showed that adding maca tuber powder with or without vitamin E to roosters diet led to a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in the total protein concentration in all study treatments compared with the control group for the first period and lasted up to eight weeks. A significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) was recorded in the total cholesterol concentration in all study treatments compared with the control group for the first period and lasted up to eight weeks. While there were no significant differences in glucose concentration in all study treatments. The results indicated a significant improvement in the antioxidant status, represented by a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of glutathione enzyme in all study treatments compared with the control group and a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of malondidehyde in all study treatments compared with the control group for the duration The first lasted for eight weeks.
25 Effect of fodder addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and probiotic on the productive characteristics of broilers, Chiya Ali Salih AL-Khaldani, Qana Hussein Ameen AL-Jabari
This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, the experiment aimed to study the effect of the fodder addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and probiotics on the productive characteristics of broilers. 288 chicks of 308 Ross broilers (unsexed) were bred. At the age of one day and for a period of 42 days, the average weight was 41.9 g per chick, where the chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment (12 birds/repeat) and the experimental treatments were as follows: - The first treatment: T1 control treatment, the second treatment T2: control diet + add probiotic at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed, the third treatment T3: the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 2.5 g/kg feed, the fourth treatment T4: the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 5 g/kg feed, the fifth treatment T5: the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 2.5 g/kg feed + add probiotic at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed and the sixth treatment T6: Add Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 5 g/kg feed + add probiotic at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in favor of the fifth treatment over the rest of the treatments in the average live body weight, the total weight gain rate, the total feed consumption rate, and a significant decrease for the sixth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments in the live body weight rate and the weight gain rate. The consumption of total feed significantly in the fourth and sixth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments, and a significant improvement was noted in the feed conversion factor in the fourth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments in the sixth week, and there was a significant superiority in favor of the third treatment over the rest of the treatments in the total feed conversion coefficient, and a significant improvement was noted In the total fodder conversion factor in the fourth and fifth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments, and the fifth treatment recorded the best productivity index compared to the rest of the treatments, while the productivity index decreased significantly in the third and sixth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments. We conclude from this study that the use of 2.5 g/kg feed of Moringa oleifera leaf powder with probiotic in broiler diets led to an improvement in the productive characteristics and economic index of broiler.
26 Effect of using Matricaria Chamomilla Oil, Vitamin E and Selenium on Physiological Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits, Saad Khalil Ahmed, Sarmed Abdul Razak
This study conducted to find out the effect of the use of chamomile flower oil, vitamin E and selenium on some blood traits of white New Zealand rabbit males. Twenty males were used in this study at the age of six months; the animals were randomly distributed into four groups of five rabbits in each group. The first group was represented by a control without any treatment, the second group was dosed with rabbits (200 mg chamomile flower oil / rabbit/ day), the third group was dosed with rabbits (400 mg chamomile flower oil / rabbit/ day) and the fourth group was dosed with rabbits (vitamin E 250 mg/ kg + selenium 0.3 mg/ day) kg/ per day). The results of the statistical analysis of blood parameters showed that the third treatment (400 chamomile) was significantly superior (p≤0.05) to the rest of the coefficients in the total red corpuscular count for the second month. While the total white corpuscular count, the packed cells volume and hemoglobin concentration was the moral superiority in the first and second months and the total count of platelets, the superiority was limited to the first month only.
27 Study effect of synergistic metabolism for Betaine and Taurine compounds with synthetic methionine upon some blood biochemical parameters of broiler, Hiyam M. AL-Jobouri, R.H .AL-Dalawi
This experiment was conducted in poultry fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 20/3/2021 to 1/5/2021 for a period of 42 days (field work) The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Betaine and Taurine with the DL-methionine upon some blood biochemical parameters for broiler ROSS 308. In this study, 350 chicks of broiler type ROSS 308 were used, not naturalized, at the age of one day, as the primary rate per chicken was 42 g, Chickens were distributed from the first day to 7 feeding treatments, (50 birds/ treatment) with 5 replications/ treatment. (1 replicate/ 10 birds), and each duplicate included 10 birds in a pens 35 with dimensions (90×190cm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of agglutinated blood cells, as the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were significant compared to the negative and positive control treatments. As for hemoglobin concentration, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were significantly superior compared to the first, second, and third treatments did not differ from the second treatment. As for white blood cells, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatment were significantly superior compared to the first and second treatments, and the third treatment did not differ from the second treatment, and in the concentration of red blood cells, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatment were significantly superior compared to the first and second treatments... and the third treatment did not differ for the second transaction. As for the biochemical blood characteristics, a significant (P≤0.05) was found in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum, where the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were superior compared to the negative and positive control treatments, as well as a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the serum cholesterol concentration of the treatments. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control treatments, as well as for the concentration of uric acid, as there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) for the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control treatments, and the third treatment did not differ with the second treatment, and the same was true for the concentration of glycerides We also notice a significant decrease (P≤0.05) for the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control treatments. The second treatment, as well as a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of amino enzyme (Alanine transferase) for the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative control and the third treatment, and a significant decrease in the concentration of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was noticed for the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative control and the third treatment did not differ from the second treatment, either in the concentration of the enzyme (Alkaline posphatase). It was found that the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were significantly superior compared to the negative and positive control treatments.
28 Comparative effects of aqueous extract of local Basil Seeds, vitamin C and selenium as Anti-Heat Stress in some hematological traits at Iraqi Awassi Sheep, Esam Saeed Omar, Sarmad Abdul Razak Abood Alssadi
This study has conducted to find out the effect of using an aqueous extract of basil seeds, vitamin C, and selenium in some blood parameters of Iraqi Awassi sheep. Twenty Awasi sheep aged between 9-10 months, with an average weight of between 25.7 - 27.9 kg, were used in this study. An experiment has distributed into five groups, and each group included four ewes of homogeneous weights, with four repetitions in each group, then the ewes were randomly divided into totals in the following form: T1 first treatment control ewes were dosed with distilled water only, T2 second treatment was dosing with vitamin C at a concentration (250 mg/ kg/ day), T3 third treatment was dosing with selenium at a concentration (0.04 mg/ kg/ day), T4 fourth treatment was dosing with basil seed aqueous extract at a concentration (50 mg/kg/ day), T5 fifth treatment was dosed with basil seed aqueous extract, vitamin C and selenium and at the above doses in the second, third and fourth groups, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of the fourth and fifth groups showed a significant superiority (p≤0.05) in the total RBC, WBC and platelets counts, hemoglobin, and Packed cells volume (PCV) compared with the second, third, fourth and total periods of the experiment. The vitamin C and selenium groups also significantly outperformed (p≤0.05) in blood characteristics compared to the first treatment in total RBC, WBC and platelets counts, hemoglobin, and Packed cells volume (PCV) from the second period of the experiment to the end.
29 Effect of adding local and Egyptian palm pollen to broiler feed on some productive traits, Hayfaa Mohammed Salih Al-Taie, Ammar Qahtan Shanoon
This study was conducted in the poultry fields of the Animal Production Unit / College of Agriculture / Hawija - Kirkuk University, for the period from 3/22 to 2/5/2021 to find out the effect of adding Iraqi palm pollen compared to Egyptian in broiler diets Rose 308 on some productive traits for a period of 42 days. has been used 400 unsexed Rose308 chicks were used divided into 8 treatments by 5 replicates, each treatment includes 50 as 10 chicks for each replicate according to the ground breeding system, a ground cage with dimensions (90 * 200) cm, and they were randomly distributed on the following treatments: - The first treatment was a control treatment without any addition to the fodder. The second and third treatments included the addition of 1 and 2 kg / ton of fodder from local palm pollen, while the fourth and fifth treatment added 1 and 2 kg / ton of fodder from Egyptian palm pollen. The sixth treatment was the addition of 1 kg of local palm pollen. / ton of fodder +1 kg of Egyptian palm pollen / ton of fodder as well as the seventh treatment 1 kg of local palm pollen / ton of fodder + 2 kg of Egyptian palm pollen / ton of fodder and the eighth was the addition of 2 kg of local palm pollen / ton of fodder +1 kg of Egyptian palm pollen / ton of fodder. he results showed a significant superiority at the level (P
30 Use of Indian Ginger Tuber Powder (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) And enriched the Blood Biochemical Barometers and Intestinal Flora of Broiler, Hayfaa Mohammed Salih Al-Taie, Ammar Qahtan Shanoon
This study was conducted in the poultry fields of the Animal Production Unit / College of Agriculture / Hawija - Kirkuk University, for the period from 3/22 to 2/5/2021 to find out the effect of adding Indian ginger powder in broiler diets Rose 308 on some productive traits for a period of 42 days. has been used 400 unsexed Rose308 chicks were used divided into 8 treatments by 5 replicates, each treatment includes 50 as 10 chicks for each replicate according to the ground breeding system, a ground cage with dimensions (90 * 200) cm, and they were randomly distributed on the following treatments: - The first treatment was a control treatment without any addition to the fodder. (T2) Add 1 kg / ton of ginger to the ration and (T3) add 2 kg / ton of ginger to the ration. The results of the experiment showed that there were significant differences (p
31 Effect of using Pimpinella Anisum Oil, Vitamin E and Selenium on Physiological Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits, Saad Khalil Ahmed, Sarmad Abdul Razak Abood Alssadi
This study was conducted to find out the effect of the using of anise seed oil, vitamin E and selenium in some physiological traits of male New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty males were used in this study at the age of six months; the animals were randomly divided into four groups contain five rabbits in each group, where the first group was represented by a control without any treatment. The second group was dosed with rabbits (200 mg anise seed oil / rabbit/ day), the third group was dosed with rabbits (400 mg anise seed oil / rabbit/ day) and the fourth group was dosed with rabbits (vitamin E 250 mg/ kg + selenium 0.3 mg/ day) kg/ per day). The results of the statistical analysis of the third group showed a more superiority (p≤0.05) in the total red and white corpuscular count, hemoglobin and the volume of blood cells collected compared first and second months of the experiment. About total platelets count, the superiority of the third group was limited to the first month only. While the second and fourth treatment recorded high significance (P≤0.05) in the total red and white corpuscular count, hemoglobin and the volume of blood cells collected compared to the first treatment in the counting rates of these parameters for the first and second months of the experiment
32 use some nanomaterials as insecticides against the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Fatima Ibrahim Kalaf, Thikra A. Mustafa, Adil Ali Haidar Hassan
Samples of rice amber infected with the saw-toothed grain beetle were collected from local markets in the city of Kirkuk during the month of December 2021, and incubator the experiments were conducted in the laboratories of the Colleges of Education for Pure Sciences and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Kirkuk for the period from February to May 2022, Three nanomaterials were used in this study, which included (nano gold, nano titanium dioxide and nano iron oxide). The toxic effects of these nanoparticles were studied at four different concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500) ppm on the life of the saw-toothed grain beetle as the rate of egg laying duration Larval and pupa phases and the rate of killing of its adults. The incubation period for the eggs reached 11.08 days in the titanium dioxide treatment while the incubation period for the eggs reached 10.62 and 9.99 days in the nano gold and nano iron oxide treatments respectively, Compared to the comparison treatment, which was 8.59 days . titanium dioxide showed a significant effect on the duration of the larval stage which amounted to 18.84 days while it reached 18.03 and 17.32 days in the nano gold and iron oxide treatments respectively, Compared with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 15.5 days . while in the pupa stage the period reached 5.93 days in the titanium dioxide treatment and there were no differences Significant differences between gold nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles were 5.42 and 5.38 days respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which amounted to 4.00 days. and the nanomaterials showed a clear effect on the rates of Dead as it reached 100 % in adults of the sawn grain beetle 16 days after the start of the experiment, Compared to the comparison treatment, which amounted to 45.55 % . Based on our results nanomaterials can be used as effective pesticides to control insects especially saw-toothed grain beetle .
33 The use of local mint leaf powder compared to Vit C to reduce heat stress and its effect on the productive performance of broiler, Naz N. AL-Daloe, Ammar Q . Shanoon, Nidhal A. Mustafa
This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of Kusar_Irbil Company, to study the effect of using the local mint leaf powder compared with vitamin C to decrease thermal stress and its effect on the production performance of the broiler from 23/7/2021 to 2/9/2021. The chicks weight rate (35+3). Chicks were distributed randomly to seven treatments, 4 replicates for each The mint leaves powder and vitamin C were added to the diet from the 2 to 6 weeks of age. The treatments were: T1 control without any addition, T2,T3 and T4 addition of 1g, 2g and 3g mint leafs powder /kg feed,T5 mint leaves 1g/kg with vitamin C 25mg/kg feed T6 added mint leaves 2g/kg mint leaves with vitamin25 mg/kg feed, added 2 mg/kg feed. T7 mint leaves at a rate of 3 g/kg with vitamin25 c mg/kg feed. results showed a there are a significant difference (p
34 Effect of adding Moringa oleifera leaf powder with or without probiotic on growth performnce, carcass characteristics and some biochemical blood characteristics for broiler, Chiya Ali Salih AL-Khaldani, Qana Hussein Ameen AL-Jabari
A study conducted at poultry field/Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture, Kirkuk University, Iraq. The experiment aimed to study the effect of adding Moringa oleifera leaf powder with or without probiotic on growth performnce, carcass characteristics and some biochemical blood characteristics for broiler. 288 chicks of Ross 308 broilers (unsexed) were bred from one-day old until 42 days, and the average weight for chicks were 41.9 g. The chicks were randomly distributed to 6 treatments, with 4 replicates each treatment, (12chicks/replicate). The experimental treatments include: - T1: control, T2: standard diet + addition of probiotic 3 g/kg feed, T3: addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder 2.5 g/kg feed, T4: addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder 5 g/kg feed, T5: addition of Moringa oleifra leaf powder 2.5 g/kg feed + probiotic 3 g/kg feed and T6: addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder 5 g/kg feed + probiotic 3 g/kg feed. The results showed a significant increase (P
35 RESPONSE OF POMEGRANATE TREES CV. SAWA TO Foliar Application with NPK fertilizer and LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT, Jehad Shareef Kader, Darwan Muhamad Hasan
The experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2021 on twelve-year old Sawa pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) in a local orchard in Darashakran - Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan - Iraq, to study the effect of foliar spray of Four levels with NPK (10-10-40) (0 , 1 , 2 , 3 g.l-1) and three levels of licorice root extracts (0 , 5 , 10 g.l-1) and their interactions on growth and yield of pomegranate trees, and all selected trees sprayed twice, The first foliar spray of NPK was on 17/May/ 2021 after two weeks of complete fruit set, at 6 AM. and second spray of NPK was on 23/July/2021 when the fruit pill was changed in color. Also The first foliar of licorice root extract was performed on 18/May/2021 after two weeks of complete fruit set, and the second spray was conducted on 24/July/2021 when the fruit pill was changed in color. The study applied as a factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications by using one tree as the experimental unit thus the number of trees will be used in this study (4 x 3 x 3 = 36 trees). The results showed that the most incremental application and the interaction between NPK and Licorice root extracts rates especially at high concentrations, (3 g.l-1 NPK and 10 g.l-1 Licorice root extracts) led to significant increase and gave the highest value of the most of the studied characteristics, leaf content of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium 2.493 %, 0.150 % and 1.192 % respectively, tree yield 77.38 kg, juice percentage 29.500 %, TSS/T.A ratio 34.675%, anthocyanin mg.100 ml-1 13.370, and Vit-C mg.100 ml-1 13.363.
36 Response of two broccoli hybrids to spraying with selenium and brassinolide on some chemical properties, Lanja Muhammed shukur, Omar Hashim Muslah ALmohammedi
The experiment was carried out during the agricultural season (2021-2022) in one of the agricultural fields at the village of Tarjeel, Laylan district, Kirkuk governorate, and the experiment included the study of three factors, where the first factor was spraying with the element selenium in concentrations (20, 30, 40 mg L-1), the second factor was spraying with the hormone brassinolide in concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg.L⁻¹) and the third factor was consisted of two hybrids (Parasio and Jassmine F1). The plants were sprayed in two batches, the first spray was 20 days after planting the seedlings on September computer, 2021 and the second spray was 20 days after the first spray. The experiment had three replicates, each with14 experimental units. The experiment was conducted according to the Split Plot Design System within the R.C.B.D. The data were analyzed statistically according to the least significant difference L. S. D. and Duncan’s multiple range test (P≤0.05) to compare the averages.1. The results showed that spraying with the element selenium was not significantly effective, while the hormone brassinolide at a concentration of (100 mg L⁻¹) was significantly superior in the characteristics of fresh and dry weights of the shoot, which amounted to (1.625 and 0.300 g), respectively, also the superiority of the brassinolide concentration (150 mg.L⁻¹) was significant in the characteristics of percentages of carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein and selenium in the pink tablets with (7.528, 2.274, 14.065 and 0.207%), respectively.2. It was revealed that Jassmine F1 hybrid was significantly superior, especially in the traits of shoot fresh weight (1.244 g), shoot dry weight (0.291 g), and the percentage of carbohydrates in the pink discs (6.789%), while Parasio hybrid was only significant in the trait of main disc fresh weight (0.756 g).3. The bilateral interaction between Parasio hybrid and spraying with brassinolide at 150 mg L-1 gave the superiority in shoot fresh weight (1.623 g), while the interaction between Parasio hybrid and selenium at 40 mg.L-1 caused the superiority in shoot dry weight (0.329 g), whereas the hybrid Jassmine F1 interacted with selenium at 40 mg.L-1 led to the superiority of weight of the main disc of the pink discs (0.930 g).
37 The effect of using the nanocomposite fertilizer (NPK) technology on the growth and yield of two varieties of the potato plant Solanum tuberosum L. grown in the autumn season., VIAN JABAR JALAL, Omar Hashim Muslah ALmohammedi, Khattab Abdullah Mohammed
The experiment was carried out at private farms in Al-Hassar area /Altun Kupri district / Kirkuk governorate during the autumn growing season (2021-2022). The experiment included two factors, the first Factor is six concentrations of nano fertilizer (20:20:20 NPK) vizcontrol(without addition), 1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,5.5 gL_1 . The second factor is two varaieties of potato namely ,Rivira and marfona. The experiment was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates The results showed that the spraying with nano _fertilizer at a concentration of 4.5gL_1 gave significantly increment in the plant height,number of aerial stems ,chlorophyll content of leaves, marketing yield per plant and total yield 78.515 cm and 2.854 stems _1 and 16.700 and 485.900gm plant_1and 28.435 tons ha_1,respectively .whereas,the spraying with a concentration of 5.5gL_1gave significantly increment leaf area . The study also showed a Rivera variety had highest values in as all the Studied characteristics . On the other hand, the interaction treatment Rivera variety increased significantly in the plant height and leaf area , while the interaction treatment between the concentration 4.5gm L_1 and Rivera variety gave a significant improvemant in the other of the studied characteristics
38 Effect of Biostimulant and Humic Acid on Tree Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. Arbequina ., Hawzheen Kamaran Muhammad Salim, Shler Mahmood Taha
This study was carried out on olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Arbequina at the orchard in Grdarasha in Erbil Directorate of Agriculture Research center/Ministry of Agriculture /Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in order to study the effects of foliar application of biostimulant fertilizer with three concentrations (0, 2, 4 ml.L-1), and soil application of humic acid with three levels (0, 5, 10 m.L-1). The foliar spray and soil application were used on three dates (pit hardening, one month after first application and one month after second application) during the growing season on vegetative growth parameters, yield, fruit properties and oil content was studied. Thirty-six (36) of trees used in the experiment, Four branches per tree for each experimental unit with four replications. The experiment was arranged in (RCBD), with four replications. Trees were sampled at the harvesting stage and analyzed for morphology characteristics, chemical composition, and yield production. Data were analyzed by (SAS) using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P≤ 0.05. Results showed that foliar application (Bio) and soil application (HA) significantly increased most of the parameters of olive trees such as on leaf area, Leaf dry weight ,Leaf mineral contents (N, K, Mn and Zn ) , Fruit size, fruit fresh weight, Total yield per tree, oil content and Acidity % as compared with control.
39 Influences of Humic Acid and Sea Force on Olive Tree Growth (Olea europaea L.), Parween Muhammad. K. Rozbiany
This study was conducted during 2019 on olive trees Olea europaea L. cv. Sorani, growing in a private orchard located on the south around Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan region, in order to identify the most suitable fertilizer, using two types of fertilizer; humic acid and seaweed extract (sea force) applied as foliar applications each at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml.L-1). ). Vigor and fruit properties of trees were measured. Both fertilizers resulted in significant differences in the majority of studied parameters at 6 ml.L-1 concentration, in which chlorophyll, leaf area, number of leaves/shoot, shoot length, oil content, TSS, fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp weight and seed weight were increased significantly compared to other concentrations of humic acid and seaweed
40 Effect of adding Humic acid and Foliar Application with Nano NPK on some growth and yield characteristics of Apple trees, Jehan Qasim Hasan, Jasim Mohamad Khalaf
This study was carried out in one of the private orchards, which is 20 km away from Kirkuk governorate in the Altun Kobri area and affiliated to Dibs district for the spring season 2021, for the purpose of studying the effect of fertilizing with humic acid at three levels (40-20-0) g. tree-1. With four levels of nano NPK (3.5-2.5-1.5-0) mg. L-1 in some traits, growth and yield of apple trees of the local cultivar Ibrahimi. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) a global experiment that included three levels of humic acid and four concentrations of NPK nano compound fertilizer And with three repetitions and one tree for each experimental unit, so the number of observations becomes 36, the number of transactions in each sector (12) treatments, and the number of trees involved in the experiment is 36 trees.The transactions were randomly distributed to the experimental units. Where it was noticed that when adding 40 g.l-1 of humic acid led to a significant increase in the following traits (fruit weight, fruit size, vitamin C). The following characteristics (fruit weight, fruit size, total soluble solids percentage, vitamin C). Among the results of the interaction between 40 g. tree-1 and 3500 mg.L-1 of nano-NPK, it was superior in the following characteristics (fruit weight, fruit size , percentage of total soluble solids, vitamin C).
41 General review of water harvesting in arid and semi-arid areas, Emad T. Abdel Ghani, Wael Fahmi Abdulrahman Al-Shamary, Isam M. Abdulhameed
Arid and semi-arid areas are characterized by low annual precipitation rates which are insufficient for plant growth, with precipitation depths in Western Desert in Iraq ranging from 50 to 150 mm. The increasing pressures caused by climate change, water shortages and poor quality have led to a scientific renaissance and innovative ideas for water storage, including the development of water harvesting methods and systems, which are the collection of rainwater from a surface and directing it in appropriate ways to assemble it in a suitable place from which to be taken directly or collected and stored for use at later times, for various purposes, the most important of which is irrigation, domestic needs and feeding underground water basins.Water harvesting systems contribute to improving the vegetation of degraded soils, contributing to combating desertification, settling communities in those areas and improving their living and environmental level. One fact to consider in the area of water harvesting is that in marginal areas with rainfall rates of less than 250 mm per year, production can only be continued and an acceptable level of productivity is guaranteed under a irrigation system complementary to water needs so that this amount of water is provided through water harvesting and a minimum rainfall of 100 mm in winter, or 150 mm in summer, has been adopted for water harvesting and supplementary irrigation projects. According to certain considerations. The most important component of the water harvesting system is the catchment area, storage facility and cultivated area. . The most important factors to consider when harvesting water are the distribution of rainfall, intensity of rainfall, properties of the runoff, water storage capacity in the soil, reservoirs, agricultural crops, available techniques and socio-economic conditions. There are factors that mainly affect water storage quantities, the most important of which are soil surface characteristics, soil type and precipitation characteristics. The means of harvesting water are divided into two parts: micro-catchment systems, macro-catchment systems.
42 نمذجة انتقال الكلوريد-36 وجريان الماء في تربة جبسية-كلسية مصلحة, Ramzi. M. Shihab, A. M. Khairo
Dissolution of gypsum has great influence on water flow and solute transport occurring in gypsiferous-calcareous soils. Many models based on convection and diffusion processes have been developed to describe transport in soil. Constraints of estimation of transport parameters in gypsiferous-calcareous soils are mainly due to gypsum influence. The objectives of this study, were to i: modeling the transport of solute (36Cl) in gypsiferous-calcareous soil treated with fuel of FO on dissolution of gypsum associated with calcium carbonate content. Radiotracer of chloride as carrier free of 36Cl was applied to surfaces of saturated soil columns that have 20, 250 and 500 g kg-1 gypsum treated with 0, 1, 2, and 4% of fuel oil and leached with water until complete displacement of chloride. During leaching, samples of effluent were collected and measured for Cl36 .The application of 1 to 2% FO improved the transport properties due to modification in soil structure. The applied models gave good fit between measured and predicted breakthrough curves of 36Cl with significant linear correlation coefficient (r) that ranged between 0.972 and 0.999. They gave a calculated dispersion coefficient (D) ranging from 2.1 to 79.2 cm2 day-1, and retardation factor (R) ranging from 0.92 to 1.58. It was found that D was also linearly related to pore water velocity (v). Also, the results indicate the possibility of predicting the distribution of chloride in gypsiferous-calcareous soil for different time periods using correct boundary conditions. Experimental results show that gypsum dissolution in the soil columns is mainly determined by the flow velocity, soil saturation and then partially coating with FO. The role of lime was not well explained in reducing gypsum dissolution because the co-existence of gypsum and lime is not clear enough.
43 Assessment of pollution of well water and the Tigris River and determining its suitability for agricultural use in Qayyarah sub-district / Nineveh governorate, Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Khalid A. Khalid, Muath Abdullah
The current study was conducted in Qayyarah sub-district of Nineveh governorate on a number of water wells (nine wells) and one site on the Tigris River, through which the concentrations of some toxic heavy metals were estimated, such as (lead, chromium, nickel), and it also included the measurement of some properties Other chemicals (sodium and potassium ions, calcium and magnesium ions, and PH), in addition to measuring some physical properties of well water and river water (electrical conductivity and turbidity), and the results were compared with known global determinants for the purpose of determining its suitability for irrigation purposes. The results showed that all wells were unfit for irrigation purposes depending on the electrical conductivity values, as for the pH values, it was shown that all wells water and river water were within the permissible ranges, and the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions indicated that they did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for irrigation purposes, as for calcium Magnesium showed that eight wells were not suitable for agricultural uses, and the studied concentrations of heavy metals (lead, chromium, nickel) indicated that they did not record any value in the Tigris River, while in the wells water it ranged between 0.019 – 0.538, 0.014 – 0.076, 0.041 – 0.960 mg.l-1 respectively, and the results showed that the concentration of lead and chromium did not exceed the maximum permissible limits, so it is considered suitable for agricultural uses. As for nickel, high concentrations were recorded in five wells that exceeded the maximum for irrigation purposes, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which is 0.2 mg.kg-1, so it poses a threat to the soil system and plants.
44 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the pesticide (Adengo 465 sc) in controlling the weeds associated with yellow corn (Zea mays L.) and its effect on growth characteristics and yield during the spring and autumn seasons, Mohammed Sameer Abdullah Shaheen, Mohammed Akram Abdulateef Al-Obaidy
This study was carried out to weed control associated the maize in the Rashidiya area in one of the northern of the city of Mosul, Nineveh Governorate in agricultural season in the 2021 AD in the northern region of Iraq to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide that was recently introduced into Iraq. The study included two factors: the first factor was the use of the herbicide (Adengo) in three concentrations (200, 300, 400 ml. h) and a weeds-free treatment (hoeing throughout the growing season) and a control treatment. two cultivars of maize were used : As for the second factor the first local ( governmental variety) , the second is an imported hybrid (Dk 5060) . As the seasons (the date of sowing) were entered as a third factor in the aggregate analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted by designing randomized complete sectors according to the global experiment system. Duncan’s multi-range test was used using the computer according to the (SAS) program. The results were summarized as follows: Adengo herbicide concentrated (400 ml. H) showed significant superiority in eliminating thin and broad-leaved weeds and reducing them when flowering,The efficiency of Adengo herbicide was equal at a concentration of (300, 400 ml. ha) as it did not differ significantly despite the superiority of the concentration of (400 ml. ha) in the autumn season,The superiority of the herbicide at a concentration of (400 ml. H) in most of the growth characteristics of the crop,The use of the herbicide at a higher concentration than recommended led to an increase in weeds killing, as its efficiency in reducing the dry mass of the weed was (71%) and its efficiency in reducing the weed density was (75%) compared to the control treatment, It was observed that the efficiency of the weed-free treatment and the Adengo herbicide at a concentration of (400, 300) ml was equal in many characteristics the number of rows in the ear. and the percentage of protein
45 Effect of cutting height and frequency on the growth of Giant reed (Arundo donax L)., Omar GH. Abdulghafoor, Salim Hummady Anter, Dheyaa Fathi Hammadi
The experiment was carried out during the growing season of 2021 in the Sheikhan area, 70 km east of Mosul city, near the Koml River, The experiment included two factors, the first factor was height cutting level of the Giant reed plant (at the soil surface, 5, 10, 15, 20 cm), and the second factor was the frequency of cutting (once, twice, three times), The experiment was implemented according to the factorial experiments system, using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications, The results showed that, the height of the giant reed plant, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and shoot system dry weight reduced by increasing cutting number up to three times compared to one cutting by (56.2, 19.3, 34.9, 45.8 and 53.8%). While the stem diameter was not affected by the frequency of the cutting process. In addition, stem height, stems diameter, leaf length and dry weight were decreased by lowers cutting level compared with the control, while leaf width and leaf area were not affected by cutting height, The overlap of the cutting levels with the frequency of the cut three times had a clear effect on the studied characteristics.
46 Effect of bio-fertilizer and sawing date on growth and yield of (Cicer arietinum L.), Yarob Samir Ahmed, Jassim Abdullah Hayawi
The research was carried out during the growing season 2020-2021 to study the effect of Bacterial bio-fertilizer on some characteristics of growth and yield of local (Cicer arietinum L.) with different planting dates. The research included two factors, the first is the planting date and at three levels (1st./February, 14th./February, 28th./February/2021), the second factor is bio-fertilizer and at four levels (Control without foliar application , single foliar application, double foliar application, and triple foliar application) under seeding rate (320) kg / ha . The results showed the superiority of 1st./February over the second and third dates in all studied traits, the superiority of bio-fertilizer over the comparison treatment in the height of the lowest pod, the yield of the individual plant and the number of seeds/pod. The interaction between the 1st./February and spraying with bio-fertilizer exceeded in the height of the lowest pod and in the number of days from planting to full maturity yield of individual plant and number of seeds / pod.
47 The role of Potassium Humate Addition and Foliar Spraying with Seaweeds Extract on Biomass of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), Sarbaz Faki Jaafar Omar, Jasim Mohammed Aziz Al-Jobouri
An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Agricultural Research Station in Bani Maqan, which is belonged Chamchamal Agriculture Directorate in Sulaymaniya Governorate, The factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Where the seeding date was on 10th of June 2021. First factor was adding 0 ,4, 8, 12 and 16 kg hectares-1 for humic acid when planting and before the first irrigation and after each mowing process, and the second factor was foliar application with seaweed extract Alga000 at three levels 0, 1, and 2 ml/ litre (2 and 4 ml per litre of total spray).The application were at two stages in every mowing 20 and 30 days after planting and 10 and 25 days after mowing were at the height of 20 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that adding 16 kg hectares-1 of potassium humate and spraying with a concentration of 2 ml/litres of seaweed extract had the significant on most of studies traits. The highest fresh shoot weight was 3.638 kg m-2 and the highest leaves and stems wet weight of was 0.827 and 2.82 kg m-2 at the second mowing, and the highest shoot dry weight was at the third mowing 0.652 kg m-2 and the leaves dry weight at the first mowing was 0.203 kg m-2, while the highest stems dry weight at the second mowing was 0.474 kg m-2, and the highest dry leaves percentage of the shoot dry weight was 32% at the first mowing and 27.22% at the third mowing, and in most of them it was a non-significant difference compared to the level of addition 12 kg / hectares of potassium humate and at the same spray concentration of algae extract Navy.
48 The impact of different combinations of Herbicides in the zero-zea (ZEA MAYS L.) and escort, Ibrahim Hamad Ibrahim, Abdulmueen Shabeeb Hamad
A field experiment was carried out during the fall agricultural season on 7/25/2021 in the village of Al-Mansuriya, which is affiliated to Hawija district in Kirkuk governorate. In order to study the effect of different herbicides and different seeding rates on the weeds associated with the yellow corn crop and its effect on the yield and its components. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design, R.S.B.D. Two factors were studied, the first: three seed rates were used, A1 = 36 kg/ha, A2 = 46 kg/ha, and A3 = 56 kg/ha. Various herbicides were used and in concentrations were Atrazine (b2) 1440 g/ha), Nicosulfuron + Atrazine (b3) (100 g/ha), Atrazine (b4) + Rimisulfuron 50 (g/ha), with 250 ml of adhesive and diffuser) and Atrazine (b5) + Nicosulfuron + Rimisulfuron in the same quantities. With the control treatment (b1) (Control. As for the second factor: different herbicides were used with concentrations, it was Atrazine (b2) 1440 g / hectare), Nicosulfuron + Atrazine (b3) 100 g / hectare) and Atrazine (b4) + Rimisulfuron 50 ) g/ha, with 250 mL adhesive and diffuser) and Atrazine(b5) + Nicosulfuron + Rimisulfuron in the same quantities. With the control treatment (b1) (Control. The results showed significant differences in the characteristics of the total number of bushes and dry weight in the treatments of seed quantities, while in the factor of herbicide concentrations, the double and triple mixtures excelled compared to using atrazine for the unit and comparison treatment. As for the characteristics of the yield, the results were shown The recommended seed quantities, which amounted to 36 kg/ha, gave clear significant differences in the characteristics of earlobe weight/g, weight of 300 grains/g, and grain yield ton/ha, with their averages reaching 118.60 gm, 82.74 gm, and 3.497 ton/ha, on the The triple mixture consisting of (Atrazine, Nicosulfuron, Rimsulfuron) gave the highest significant difference in the characteristics of the ear weight/gm, the weight of 300 grains/gm and the grain yield, ton/ha, with their averages reaching 113.11 gm, 84.87 gm and 3.672 ton.ha-1, Straight.
49 Effecincy of Herbecide combinations different to Control Weed of Wheat Crop (Sham 6) Triticum aestivum L., Hossam Mamdooh Hameed
A field experiment was conducted at experimental Farm in Department of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture – University of Tikrit. During seasons of 2016- 2017 the effect of the interaction of five herbicides for the control of narrow and broadest leaf wheat weeds in the field of wheat variety ( Sham 6)was assessed (Topik and traxos herbicides ) selective as control narrow leaf and the interaction with the broadest leaf weeds herbicides (Cranstar) , (Harmony Extra) and (Lantor) According to the recommended quantities and the effect of these herbicides on some of the growth charaeters and yield components , The experiment was carried out by design of integrated random sectors and three replicates . Results showed that the density of the weeds at the interaction between the Topik and Lantor, rate 64% , While the interaction with Topik and Harmony herbicide achieved the highest height of the wheat plant 57,80 cm The treatment of Topik and Harmony number of activists reached 5.50 branch/plant The treatment Traxos with Granstar gave the highest length of the spike which was 8,40 cm. Treatment Traxos with Garnastar gave the highest number of grains / spike at 30.53gm, while the treatment Topik with Granstar achieved the highest weight of 1000 tablets at 31,50 gm.
50 Effect of some chemical pesticides on sesame yield, Sesamum indicum L. and the accompanying bush, Adil Ali Ahmad Al- Jeboury, Abdulmueen shabeeb Hama
This experiment was conducted in the summer agricultural season 2021 in the agricultural field of a farmer in the village of Suleiman Al-Gharb of Hawija district - governorate, where the land was plowed by two orthogonal plows, and the field was divided into three replicates, and each replicator contains eight experimental units, and each experimental unit has dimensions of 4×4. Each experimental unit has five lines. Trifluralin was sprayed before planting and mixed with the soil well. The local variety of sesame seeds were planted and planted in the seventh month, 11/7/2021, and the amount of seeds was from (3-2.5 kg of acres) or 7- 12) kg hectare.The results showed the following:The superiority of Fluazi Fop-butyl + manual hoeing at a concentration of 2.400 cm 2/ha in the percentage of total weeds, weeds dry weight, dry weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, yield and biological yieldFluazi Fop-butyl + manual hoeing was used at the recommended concentration for the total number of weeds, for the dry weight, for the weight of 1000 grains, as well as for the biological yield, as well as the higher concentration than the recommended amount of 500 cm 3 / ha-1