International Scientific Indexing (ISI)

1 ESTABLISHING THE NOSOCOMIAL BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ISOLATED FROM ITEMS AND WORK SURFACES, AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS IN THE POST-OPERATIVE WARD AT AMRIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL/ ANBAR HEALTH , *Dr. Saadi Shakir Mahmood and Mustafa Sayel Mayyah Nosocomial infection is a major problem in the health-care delivery system especially in developing countries due to the limited resources. The roles played by medical care equipment and work surfaces in the transmission of such organisms have inevitably contributed to the elevated mortality, morbidity and antibiotic resistances. This study aimed to establish the nosocomial bacterial contaminants often found on hospital fomites, cover items and work surfaces, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns predisposing patients to infection in the post-operative ward at Amriya general hospital. A total (150) samples were collected during the study from Amriya general hospital. Swab samples were collected from various work surfaces and fomites which consisted of beds, sink taps, infusion stands, switches, work tables and scissors. Cultures were done and the susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that 67 (44.7%) of the collected swab specimens represented the overall bacterial contamination of the sampled articles. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the highest bacterial contaminants constituting of 71.6% (48/67) and 11.9% (8/67) respectively. Patient beds were found to have the highest bacterial contamination levels constituting 20.9% (14/67). Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics with 100%, 73.7% and 73.7% sensitivity patterns among the isolates respectively. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 52.1% (25/48) with 8% (2/25) classified as a possible extensively drug resistant (XDR) whereas Gram negative isolates had 31.6% (6/19) MDR strains out of which 50% (3/6) were classified as possible pan-drug resistant (PDR). It can be concluded that the high prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hospital work environment is an indicator of poor or ineffective decontamination. The study findings focused on the necessity to formulate drug usage policies and re-examine effectiveness of decontamination and sterilization practices within Amriya general hospital. We also recommend installation of a sound Microbiology unit at the hospital to perform susceptibility testing to check the empirical use of antibiotics as a way of reducing the rampant elevation in drug resistance.
2 ANALYSIS OF DRUGS CONTAINING ENZYMES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN , Dr. (PhD) Tillaeva U. M.*, Professor Tillaeva G. U., Nazarkulov M., Gaibnazarova D. B., Rakhmanova Z. A. The given work presents relevant aspects of the marketing research of drugs containing enzymes on the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results that they got indicate the possibility of further marketing research of the nomenclature of drugs for assessment of the prosperity of prodiction and introducing new domestic drugs containing enzymes.
3 ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS MISUSE, FACTORS TO THINK ABOUT IN THE IRAQI POPULATION , Dr. May Abdul Salam* and Dr. Rasha Saeed Background: Combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is a commonly used method among Iraqi women. Inconsistency of using this method contributes to various factors. Side effects remain the main factor behind it. Methods & aim: A chart review and Health survey was done on a sample of (150) women who used OCP at least once in their lives. The survey was done at a primary care clinic in Baghdad, and was retrospectively analyzed to determine the factors that lead to OCP noncompliance. Aim of the study, to prove that OCP side effect is a factor of the OCP miss use. Results: OCP side effect is a risk factor for the miss use and discontinuation of this method. Mood changes, especially Anxiety and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) were more frequent among the other side effect. Conclusion: Side effects of OCP are the main risk factor behind the miss use of the medication.
4 KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS ON BRUXISM AND PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS , Dr. Prabhu*, P. R. Koteshwari and G. Manoj Kumar Objective: To asses and evaluate the Knowledge attitude and awareness on Bruxism and its Prosthodontic Management among undergraduate dental Students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using a modified version of self-administered questionnaire was formulated and the questionnaire was pretested for validation The distribution was personally done through the web designed program among the final year undergraduates and residential interns. A total of 100 validated entries were collected. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed in SPSS V20. Associations between categorical variables were determined using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Majority of students reported the correct answers. While statistically significant differences were noted between the knowledge of interns and final year students about questions related to General information about Bruxism and Effects of bruxism on prosthetic management and its treatment. Mean score of awareness among interns was higher than among final years (19.14±3.25 vs. 17.44±3.10) (p=0.003), thus it showed good awareness on bruxism and its management. Conclusion: It can be concluded that most of the student’s awareness was high. Interns had higher awareness than final year.
5 THE EFFECT OF AMINO ACIDS IN REDUCING TREMOR DURING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY OF CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR WOMEN AGED 20-50 Y/O AT IRAN , Asghar Karbord*, Hamid Kayalha, Mohammadqasem Roushanfekr, Taibeh Mahmoudi, Mohammadmasoud Mahmudi Introduction: Post-anesthetic shivering is reduced by preventing the occurrence of hypothermia during anesthesia. It is so difficult to maintain normothermia during general anesthesia. Amino acids produce heat by stimulating energy consumption during general anesthesia. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of amino acids to prevent Shivering after anesthesia. Methods and materials: In this clinical trial, 80 female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups each comprising 40 patients. After premedication, similar method of general anesthesia was performed to all patients. Patients in group A received amino acid 10% (2 ml/kg/h) immediately after anesthesia induction, and continued until the end of surgery (max 1gr/kg). Patients in control group received saline normal with similar manner. After awake extubation, all patients transferred to recovery room immediately. Oral temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded during surgery. Post-anesthesia shivering was recorded by a nurse not aware from the research method. We used ANOVA, Chi-square and Tukey test to analyze the data. Results: Shivering rate in amino acid group, in minutes 10, 20 and 30 after anesthesia was less than control group (P value<0.05). Also, increasing systolic blood pressure and heart rate in amino acid group was less than control group in minutes 10, 20 and 30 after anesthesia (P value<0.05). Mean body temperature in minutes 20 and 30 after anesthesia was higher in amino acid group. Post-anesthetic shivering in amino acid group was less than control group (PvalueË‚0.05). Conclusion: Amino acid infusion 10% (2ml/kg/h), immediately after anesthesia induction until end of surgery (maximum 1gr/kg), is effective to reduce the frequency and severity of post-anesthetic shivering in women undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Also, it reduces increasing systolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and shivering.
6 USING STEM CELLS TO TREAT DIABETES: CONCEPTS AND ETHICS. , Dr. Lamis Mohamed Nader*, Rahaf Alsadi, Hafiz Tahir and Dr. Muhammad Shahid Nazir The current paper utilizes academic literature in order to better understand the viability of using stem cells to cure diabetes. Not only does the current author attempt to present an objective point-of-view of the subject matter, but also present the ethical questions that such research can bring about as well as the possible future outcomes of utilizing such a method for treating a disease with such a long history as diabetes. The current study was conducted using a qualitative methodology, with a focus on academic literature obtained from various scholarly sources. This was done in order to not only save time, but also provide a broader view of the subject matter at hand, whilst analyzing previous studies regarding it. In conclusion, it was found that the use of stem cells, especially ones obtained from no embryonic sources, to cure diabetes mellitus has a prominent place for future studies and use. While the method itself has not been perfected as of yet, future research regarding the treatment may yield tremendous results, which may change the light that healthcare is viewed in. The current author recommends that future research utilize a quantitative and thematic approach to research so as to analyze how certain populations are affected by this treatment method.
7 IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF GARLIC EXTRACT AND PURIFIED ALLICIN AGAINST LIVER (HEPG2) AND COLORECTAL (HCT-116) CANCER CELL LINES , Amany Mohamed Khalil, Soheir Saad Abd El Salam*, Tamer M.M.Abuamara Mervat G. Hassan, Aly Fahmy Mohamed, Dr Maha Anwer and Hala Abd El Aziz Cancer is one of the major public burden worldwide. It is a multicellular disease that can arise from all cell type. In the recent decades, the number of cancer related showed a clear elevation, in turn creating huge health and economic problems. Garlic has been used as folk medicine approach for over 4000 years, and was the most widely researched medicinal plant. The present study showed that garlic extract and Allicin can induce inflammatory responses, inducing apoptosis. Liver and colorectal cancer cell lines were tested for the anti-cancer activity of test materials regarding the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene, Bax and P53, also anti-apoptosis gene, Bcl-2 down regulation. Toxicity of garlic extract and Allicin to HCT-116 was cell type and concentration dependent and the IC50 value recorded was 4.16μg/ml for Allicin and 16.6μg/ml for garlic extract. While it was 48 μg and 2.49μg/ml for HEPG-2 using garlic and Allicin it was respectively. Regarding the anticancer potential it was noted that pro and anti-apoptotic genes showed a remarked up and down regulation respectively compared to the genetic profile of untreated cell control. On the genetic level anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic gen Bax and p53 were tested to prove the postulation that the garlic extract and Allicin can be used in dealing with cancer cells. In the meantime cellular DNA distribution showed cell arrest during the G2/ M phase of cell division.
8 ACUTE FATTY LIVER IN PREGNANCY , Soe Lwin*, Myat San Yi1, Haris Suharjono and Tin Moe Nwe Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an obstetric emergency and life threatening condition of the pregnancy. It affects during last trimester of pregnancy and occasionally occurs in postpartum period. It is presented with malaise, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain followed by jaundice. Laboratory tests usually derange liver and renal functions with coagulopathy. The incidence of AFLP is approximately 1 in 15,000 pregnancies. We reported the case of a 34-year- old patient, with multiple pregnancy at 35 weeks of gestation presented with dizziness, headache and dyspepsia aggravated by lying down and noted jaundice during operation. She had postpartum haemorrhage after the operation due to coagulopathy and her laboratory investigations findings favoured to diagnosis as AFLP and treated with supportive management at intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore obstetrician must be aware of one of this hepatic problem in pregnant women at late trimester.
9 EFFECT OF PH AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON BACTERIAL GROWTH AND CAROTENOIDS PIGMENTS PRODUCTION BY LOCAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES VIA VARYING ONE PARAMETER AT-A-TIME APPROACH , *Nor Aqeela M. N., Hairul Shahril M., Dr. Ismatul Nurul Asyikin I., Dr. Maryam M. R., Dr. Salina M. R. and Dr. Hanina M. N. The local bacterial isolates, LO1 and LY1 were cultured in different pH media (pH 6, 7 and 8) and supplemented with 1% (w/w) of different nutritional factors, includes carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, starch), nitrogen sources (urea, casein, gelatine) and of inorganic salts (calcium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate). It was found that the maximum orange pigment production was observed for LO1 local bacterial isolate cultivated in each modified LB media with pH 8, sucrose, gelatin and sodium dihydrogen phosphate respectively. Meanwhile, LY1 local bacterial isolate favoured to synthesis yellow pigment after being cultured separately in modified LB media with pH 8, glucose, casein and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
10 ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF ADNEXAL MASSES IN CORRELATION TO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AFTER SURGICAL INTERFERENCE , Dr. Hany M. Abd El-Aal*, Ehab H. Mohamed and Mohamed F. S. Saed Pelvic mass lesions are commonly encountered in gynecological practice among women of all ages. The evaluation of adnexal masses includes a thorough history, clinical examination, imaging studies like ultrasonography, computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging and tumor markers. Ultrasound examination is the standard diagnostic test for evaluation of a pelvic mass. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) along with colour doppler gives better results for assessing ovarian morphology and vascularity. Our study evaluated the capacity of ultrasound criteria in women having adnexal masses, before surgical intervention, correlated with histopathological examination. All patients in this study was subjected to complete history taking, general examination, abdominal examination, pelvic and bimanual examinations and pelvic ultrasound scanning. Patients underwent surgical intervention. All specimens were removed and sent for histopathological examination assay. Age of our studied patients ranged from 18 to 60 years with mean 40.05 years. The present study revealed significant difference between tumor types and both patients’ parity and menstrual history. Also, there is statistically significant difference between type of tumor among the studied patients and ultrasongraphic features. Solid consistency of adnexial mass predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 74.2%, specificity 90.6%, positive predictive value 78%, negative predictive value 88.7%, and accuracy 85.5%. Presence of papillary projection of adnexal mass predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 56.5%, positive predictive value 48.7%, negative predictive value 94% and accuracy 67.5%. Positive findings on ultrasound predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 91%, specificity 97.8%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 96.4% and accuracy 96%. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for suspected or incidentally identified pelvic mass.
11 OPTIMIZATION OF PH IN THE LABELING OF APIGENIN WITH TECHNETIUM-99M RADIONUCLIDE AS A POTENTIAL RADICAL SCAVENGING AGENT , Danni Ramdhani*, Maula Eka Sriyani, Marisa Dwi Ariani, Eva Maria Widyasari Objective. The aim of this research is to determine the pH optimization in the Technetium-99m labeling process with apigenin as a natural flavonoid compound. The antioxidant activity of apigenin can be used to detect the presence of excess free radicals in the body. The compound formed is expected to be a radiotracer compound for cancer diagnosis. Methods. The parameter used for optimization is the pH value. Determination of the optimum pH value can be evaluated from the radiochemical purity value of the 99mTc-Apigenin compound formed. Results. The results of pH optimization on the synthesis of 99mTc-Apigenin compound obtained the optimum pH value is 6 with a radiochemical purity value of 61.35%±4.56%. Conclusion. The best pH value for 99mTc-Apigenin synthesis was 6, with the least amount of impurities 99mTcO4 and TcO2 of 33.77% ± 7.73% and 4.88% ± 3.21%.
12 THE INTERACTION OF MECILLINAM AND FOSFOMYCIN INTO MULTI DRUG RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM URINE PATIENTS , Faisal Mohammed Basher Al-Sarraj*, Ahmed Mahmoud Al-Hejin, Asif A. Jiman- Fatani Urinary Tract Infection is one of the most common diseases that is very difficult to cure because of the presence of multi-Drug resistant pathogens. The cure is usually to prescribed antibiotics, however, there is a gap in terms of the type of antibiotic that was being prescribed, the amount of the dosage and the duration of the antibiotic treatment, which caused the development of multidrug resistant pathogens. The scope of this study is to look for an alternative method of curing the infection specifically caused by the Escherichia Coli bacteria. Two antimicrobials considered in this study namely, Fosfomycin and Mecillinam. There are six methods that were used in this study namely; Urothelial cell line culture, Bacterial Culture, Determination of Mecillinam and Fosfomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), association assay, invasion assay and survival assay. The sample that used to perform the experiments were taken from the urine of patients that has shown symptoms of urinary tract infection. From these methods, it was observed that there were two antimicrobials were effective in disrupting the E. Coli Bacteria and the MIC for the pathogen to be susceptible is very minimal.
13 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW CHALCONE COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM QUINOLINE. , Hiba H. Ibraheem* and Sarah Abdulhamza Hameed Three chalcones (4'-amino-4-methoxy chalcone, 4'-amino-3,4-dimethoxy chalcone and 4'-amino-3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone) has been synthesized by reaction of ketone (compound (3)) with appropriate aromatic aldehydes ( 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde ,4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) in presence of Potassium hydroxide to obtain chalcone derivatives (4a-c). The new synthesized compounds have been characterized using Melting point, TLC, FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR.
14 FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS OF WALDIBA NATURAL FOREST, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA , Kiros Abay* and Kahsu Gebretsion A study was conducted in Waldiba natural forest, to investigate the floristic composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status, since there was lack of information in the forest. A total of 60 quadrats, measuring, 10 m x 10 m for trees and 5m*5m nested plots for saplings and seedlings at an interval of 300 m, were laid along three established transects at 500 m apart. Density, frequency, basal area, importance value index, Shannon diversity and evenness were computed. A total of 73 species, representing 32 families were recorded. Fabaceae was the do-minant family followed by Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The density was 1906.6 individuals/ha, of which, 35.7% was contributed by only three species. Dichrostachys cinearea, Combretum fragrans and Combretum hereroense hereroense were the most frequent species. The total basal area of the species was 5.52 m2 ha-1, which is lower compared to many other forests in Ethiopia. Dichrostachys cinearea (38%), Combretum fragrans (29%) and Combretum hereroense (26%) were the species with higher importance value index. The Shannon diversity and evenness were 3.17 and 0.74 respectively, indicating high diversity. The density of seedlings was higher than saplings and mature trees and the DBH and height distribution showed an inverted J shape, indicating active regeneration, with lack of taller and bigger trees, which may be as a result of anthropogenic factors. Hence, immediate conservation action must be taken and a research on soil seed bank and carbon storage potential of the forest is recommended.
15 SANDHIGATA VATA CONCEPTS AND MANAGEMENT – A REVIEW ARTICLE , A. S. Sindhura* and Abdul Khader In the Ayurvedic classics, the aeitiopathogenesis and symptomatology of Sandhigata vata is mentioned in consise form. In vriddhavasta, dhatu undergo kshaya, thus leading to vataprakopa and making individual prone to many diseases like sandhigata vata. Having the symptoms like pain, swelling, crepitus and restricted joint movements, sandhigata vata follows the pathogenesis of dhatukshaya, margavarana and kevala vataja. Classics have mentioned the treatment for Sandhigata vata in specific, i.e, snehana, upanaha, bandhana, agnikarma, unmardana. Considering Sandhigata vata as asthi-sandhigata vikara, Asthi majjagata vata and asthyashrita vyadhi chikitsa can be employed. Rasayana therapy may prove to be effective in managing the degenerative joint disorder like sandhigata vata because it slows down the process of destruction (ageing) in the body and helps in rejuvenation of dhatu.
16 MAGNETIC MICROSPHERE-A NOVEL APPROACH IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM , Dr. Radhika Parasuram Rajam*, Keerthana Giriraj, Monashilpa Palanivel and Poovitha Selvaraj Recently a number of novel drug delivery systems have emerged with various routes of administration, minimize the drug degradation, to prevent side effects, desired drug concentration and to achieve controlled and targeted Drug delivery. Magnetic microspheres hold great promise in reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery. The magnetic properties of these particles add a new dimension upon application on an external magnetic field. Magnetic microspheres are supra molecular particles that are small enough to circulate through capillaries without producing embolic occlusion (<4micrometer). Magnetically targeted drug delivery by particulate carriers is an efficient method of delivering drugs to localized sites such as tumors. High concentration of chemotherapeutic or radiological agents can be achieved near the target site, without any toxic effects to normal surrounding tissues. These are various methods used to prepare magnetic microspheres along with different evaluation parameters. The review entails the current application of magnetic microspheres, as well as future prospects and problems to be overcome for the efficient and beneficial use of the magnetic microspheres.
17 MICROENCAPSULATION AND RECENT TRENDS IN DRUG DELIVERY: AN OVERVIEW , Anu A. L.*, Subash Chandran M. P., Prasobh G. R., Juno S., Subodh S. Satheesh, Aneesh Kumar A. L. and Pooja Nair K. R. Novel drug delivery systems have several advantages over conventional multi dose therapy. Much research effort in developing novel drug delivery system has been focused on controlled release and sustained release dosage forms. Now considerable efforts are being made to deliver the drug in such a manner so as to get optimum benefits. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs. Microencapsulation is a process where by small discrete solid particles or small liquid droplets are surrounded and enclosed by an intact shell. Microencapsulation is used to modify and delayed drug release form pharmaceutical dosage forms. A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a particular drug. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor. The intent of the paper is to highlight the potential of microencapsulation technique as a vital technique in novel drug delivery.
18 FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY: AN OVERVIEW , Juno S.*, Subash Chandran M. P., Prasobh G. R., Anu A. L., Subodh S. Satheesh and Pooja Nair K. R. Oral controlled release delivery systems are programmed to deliver the drug in predictable time frame that will increase the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects and increase the bioavailability of drugs. It is most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for systemic delivery of drugs via pharmaceutical products of different dosage form. Recent technological and scientific research has been devoted to the development of rate controlled drug delivery systems to overcome physiological adversities such as short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying times. Differences in gastric physiology such as gastric pH and motility exhibit both intra and inter subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastric residence time and drug delivery behavior. This triggered an increased interest towards formulation of novel delivery systems which retained in the stomach for prolonged and predictable period of time. Several approaches such as floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bioadhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density systems or other delayed gastric emptying devices have been discovered till now. FDDS are of particular interest for drugs that are locally active and have narrow absorption window in stomach or upper small intestine, unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, and exhibit low solubility at high pH values. This review article is in pursuit of giving detailed information on the pharmaceutical basis of their design, classification, advantages, in vitro and in vivo evaluation parameters, and the future potential of FDDS.
19 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AMRUTADHYA GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA (MEDODUSHTI) , Dr. Palvi Dubey and Dr. Twinkle Gupta* Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease like hypertension, fatty liver, obesity and others. Life style alternations leading to increased calories intake and reduction in physical activities leads to higher incidence in medovaha strotodushti, (micro channel disturbances). Signs and symptoms of medodushti explained in ayurvedic texts shows striking resemblance with dislipidemia to access the efficacy of Amrutadhya Guggulu, present study was carried out on 30 clinically diagnosed and investigated individuals of dislipidemia. Patients were administered Amrutadhya Guggulu in dose of 3gm/day with luke warm water in three divided doses. In this context ayurveda provides cost effective therapy for dislipidemia without any side effects. The study have shown significant results in important objective as well as subjective parameters.
20 ROLE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION IN HEALTH CARE , Dr. Swaminathan S.*, Elanthendral R. and Mohana Pillai This review article provides a condensed research finding during the last two decades on the role of R&D in health care organizations. It is important that organizations work out strategies relevant for marketing to enhance their own R&D activities. Implementation of R&D systems is directly related with productivity, if it reflects dual embodiment of efficiency. The bodies of literature have been almost unanimous of the needs of QA for R&D. Despite the needs, QA in R&D have been rarely discussed due to the difficulties of defining, measuring, and managing R&D quality. QI forms an important part of their competitive strategy. QMS have been successfully designed and implemented for manufacturing and service functions. Embedding dedicated research positions within healthcare settings is a potential strategy to build allied health research capacity. Stronger research culture appears to be associated with benefits to patients, staff and the organization. Research investment in the health workforce could increase research productivity of the health workforce. In addition, investment in clinical research could lead to positive health outcomes. It is important to provide support for initiatives directed at the health workforce to increase a research culture in health services. Explorations are required for research networks and schemes to promote the engagement of clinicians and managers in research. Detailed observational research focusing on research engagement within organizations would build up an understanding of mechanisms. It is well recognized that research can play an integral role in the delivery of safe, effective, efficient, patient-centered, accessible and timely health care. Research in allied health can assist in minimizing overuse, underuse and misuse of precious health care services. The gap between implementers and researchers of QI had hampered the degree and speed of change needed to reduce avoidable suffering and harm in health care. The implementation of quality elements in research and development is a hot issue. There are still problems and misunderstandings on how to apply QA in research and development.
21 CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES- A REVIEW , Rupali Jaiswal*, Asheesh Kumar Singh, Navneet Kumar Verma, Prem Chand Mall, Vikas Yadav Medicinal plants were the potent source of various novel pharmaceutical products that shows ect causing potent pharmacological effect on the human beings. Instead of using the side effects causing chemical drugs, the ancient medicine could be explored to identify the novel drug formulations that are more effective with lesser side effects and also cheaper cost. Though, many of the traditional drugs were used without understanding the basic mechanism, their effect could be proved further with the help of the present technology and tools. The active compound that is responsible for the pharmacological effect could be found very easily and also commercialized as a drug product itself with proper approval from the respective organizations. Catharanthus roseus is one of the 21000 important medicinal plants found. It is used for the cure of a number of diseases such as diabetes, sore mouth, mouth ulcers, and leukemia. It produces about 130 alkaloids such as reserpine, vinceine, raubasin and ajmalcine. Anti-leukemic activity is shown by vinblastine and vincristine. Different parts of this plant produce different amounts of alkaloids, out of which root bark produces the maximum i.e. nearly 1.79%. There are a number of reports supporting its anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus albusi, Bacillus megatarium, Shigella, Pseudomonas, etc. Its anti-oxidant and anti-mutagenic effects have also been reported. Further studies need to be done to explore its anti-tumour effects.
22 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PHALATRIKADI KWATHA IN THE MANAGEMENTOF MADHUMEHA W.S.R. TO DIABETES MELLITUS , Dr. Monika Gupta* Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. It emerged as a public health problem in India. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to either insulin deficiency or due to peripheral tissue resistance to the action of insulin. In Ayurveda, this condition can be explained as Madhumeha. It is one of the types of Prameha where the patient passes honey like sweet urine (Raised level of sugar in urine & Hyperglycaemia). The main causative factor is said to be sedentary lifestyle, excessive intake of sweet, non-vegetarian, dairy product, jaggery (cane sugar preparations) and heavy & excess meals. In the present study we planned to get effective and safe treatment for “Madhumeha” with the help of clinical principles of Ayurveda. In the present study, 30 patients having Madhumeha were selected from O.P.D. & I.P.D. of Jammu Institute of Ayurveda & Research College and Hospital, Jammu. These patients were subjected to the following therapeutic Yoga namely Phalatrikadi Kwatha. Then assessment of therapy on signs and symptoms was done by adopting suitable scoring methods and repeating laboratory investigations and critically analyzed. The results thus obtained finally were subjected for statistical analysis for the therapy. The end results thus obtained were interpreted and graded as complete remission, marked improvement, moderate improvement and mild improvement and presented in details.
23 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF KRISHNADI CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA , Dr. Monika Gupta* Tamaka shwasa vis-a-vis Bronchial Asthma is one of the most distressing disease and is quite common in all the socio-economic strata in all the age groups and almost all over the world. The ancient sages knew the entity of this disease from very beginning and treatment for the same has been explained in detail in scriptures of Ayurveda. With the background of the same, in this Prospective Clinical study in 30 patients suffering with Tamaka shwasa was administered with Krishnadi Churna for the duration of 60 days at the dose of 3 gms in divided doses with Ushna Jala as Anupana. Results were assessed by using paired t-test for subjective and objective parameters. Study revealed that there was complete remission of Teevra vega Shwasa and Ghurgurukatwam which is pratyatma niyata lakshana (cardinal clinical feature) of Tamaka shwasa. Statistically all subjective and objective parameters had showed highly significance results.
24 DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AND THEIR PARENTS , Dr. A. Vinita Mary*, Dr. R. Kesavan, Dr. Priya G., Dr. Priyanka P. and Dr. Ramya R. Background: Anxiety is an emotion used to describe fear over something. While undergoing a dental treatment anxiety is usually experienced by most of the patients towards pain. Materials and Methods: A Questionnaire based study was conducted to evaluate dental anxiety among patients anticipating various dental treatments. Two hundred paediatric patients who were scheduled for dental treatment along with their parents participated in the study. Patients were anticipating one of the following dental procedures: scaling, filling, root canal therapy, extraction. Patients were selected randomly from the out patients of Pedodontics Department. The questionnaire contained 28 questions which were divided to four sections, and the questionnaire was completed by the patients and their parents while waiting for their treatment. The data collection was done by convenience sampling. The statistical calculations were done based on the faces index using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 21.0. Result: A total of 200 pediatric patients and their parents participated in the study. The results of the study revealed multiple manifestations and impacts of dental anxiety, including immediate physical reactions, psychological responses and uncooperativeness in dental treatment. Scores were highest for “restoration” being 88 (44.0%), “extraction” being 81 (40.5%) followed by “conscious sedation” being 79 (39.5%) and “injections” being 70 (35.0%). Testimonials from children, and their parents suggested diverse origins of dental anxiety, namely personal experience (e.g., irregular dental visits and influence of parents), dental settings (e.g., dental chair and sounds), and dental procedures (e.g., injections, pain, discomfort). Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that dental anxiety in children has multifaceted manifestations, impacts, and origins. Also, anxiety was closely associated with a symptomatic, irregular attendance pattern, a history of extraction and having a dentally anxious parent. Dental anxiety could be better prevented and intercepted through coordinated efforts of dentists, dental auxiliaries, pediatric patients, and their parents.
25 CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF AMALAKI RASAYAN AND MUKTA PISHTI IN PITTA SHAMAN , Dr. Neha Pagyal* and Dr. Twinkle Gupta Amlapitta is a disease prevalant all over the world. The increasing prevalence rate is a constant challenge to the research workers. The disease Amlapitta is a common functional disease of Annavaha strotas. Materialistic life style provokes people to run behind a busy, stressful life with least concern towards proper food habit. The aim of the present study was to find out efficacy of Amalaki Rasayan and Mukta pishti in Amlapitta. In present study, total 30 patients were taken, divided in 3 equal groups. In group A:- 10 patients were treated with oral administration of Amalaki Rasayan, in group B:- 10 patients were treated with oral administration of Mukta pishti and in group C:- 10 patients were treated with oral administration of both Amalaki Rasayan and Mukta pishti. The dose of Amalaki Rasayan is 2gm BD with Madhu and dose of Mukta pishti is 125mg BD with water. After conducting clinical trial on 30 patients, observation and results were obtained, which shows the more efficacy of Amalaki Rasayan and Mukta pishti when used both by the patient.
26 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS REGARDING KANGAROO MOTHER CARE IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS AT VANIVILAS HOSPITAL, BANGALORE, WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION GUIDE SHEET”. , *Sarojamma and Raddi S. A. “The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” -Aristotle An important index used to estimate the Nation’s health is the health status of children in the country. Today’s children are tomorrow’s citizens and leaders. The resources spent on the care of upkeep and health of young is investment for the future.
27 SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIMIPRIDE IN PURE AND TABLET FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD , Prapulla Putta* A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Metformin and Glimepride, in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on a Hypersil C18 (4.6 x 150 mm, 5μm) column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: TEA Buffer pH 4.2 (75:25) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, the detection was carried out at 259 nm. The retention time of the Metformin and Glimepride was 2.344, 3.282 ±0.02 min respectively. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 100-500mg/ml of Metformin and 0.4-2 mg/ml of Glimepride. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
28 TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF SINGLE DRUG THERAPY OVER POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME. , Dr. Anu Koul*, Dr. Tanuja Manoj Nesari, Dr. Kiran Jadhav Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 20-25% of women of reproductive age and up to 30% in some high-risk groups. PCOS leads to irregularity in the menstrual cycle and the appearance of superfluous male hormones (androgens/testosterones). Menstrual cycles might be regular prior but subsequently turn out irregular, or the incipience of menses may be delayed. Women may experience infertility by meagreness of ovulation in the menstruation cycle resulting out for difficulty in conceiving. Ayurvedic single drug therapy has been emerging in addition to established medical and surgical medication for PCOS. PCOS is a disorder involving Pitta, Kapha, Medas, Ambhuvahasrotas & Artava Dhatu The causes of PCOS as per Ayurveda can be taken as eating excessive sweet and kaphagenic foods, mandagni because of this is kapha getting aggravated in PCOS, we find kapha disorder. In present case study, we have studied safety and effectiveness of exclusive single drug therapy with use of reserve wellness wrapping technique in PCOS patients. Study eventuate reveal that majority of hormonal level significantly changed post-medication compared to pre-medication. Study results shown that there was statistically significant improvement in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin, AMH, Fasting Insulin, SGPT, post medication from the preoperative values (P<0.05). LH/FSH Ratio at pre-medicationwas2.82:1, which was reduced to 1.01:1 at post medication (p<0.001). No adverse event was reported during conduct of present study.
29 EFFICACY OF GUDUCHI AND MADHU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES , *Dr. Sangamesh Swami Hiremath and Dr. Guheshwar B. Patil Besides the miraculous achievement of modern medical science, humanity is passing through a repulsion of disease and drug phobia, among the several healths Problems, Diabetes mellitus is a colossal disease considered as one of the arch enemy of the mankind. Diabetes and its complications pose a major threat to future public Health resources throughout the world. In Ayurveda, Madhumeha is nearest clinical entity for Diabetes Mellitus. We find reference about Guduchi with Madhu for treatment of all types of Prameha.2 So the study was carried out. Diagnoses were made according to Signs and symptoms of Madhumeha as mentioned in classical texts. The patients with symptoms were subjected for further analyses of blood and urine sugar. It was a clinical study with single group. Each patient was given dose of 12grams in each with Madhu as anupana. Overall results marked response was observed 10% cases, while moderate response in 50% cases, mild response was seen in 40% of cases. Guduchi as a single drug with anupan can effectively help in control of Madhumeha diabetes,
30 ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF ADNEXAL MASSES IN CORRELATION TO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AFTER SURGICAL INTERFERENCE , Dr. Hany M. Abd El-Aal*, Ehab H. Mohamed and Mohamed F. S. Saed Pelvic mass lesions are commonly encountered in gynecological practice among women of all ages. The evaluation of adnexal masses includes a thorough history, clinical examination, imaging studies like ultrasonography, computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging and tumor markers. Ultrasound examination is the standard diagnostic test for evaluation of a pelvic mass. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) along with colour doppler gives better results for assessing ovarian morphology and vascularity. Our study evaluated the capacity of ultrasound criteria in women having adnexal masses, before surgical intervention, correlated with histopathological examination. All patients in this study was subjected to complete history taking, general examination, abdominal examination, pelvic and bimanual examinations and pelvic ultrasound scanning. Patients underwent surgical intervention. All specimens were removed and sent for histopathological examination assay. Age of our studied patients ranged from 18 to 60 years with mean 40.05 years. The present study revealed significant difference between tumor types and both patients’ parity and menstrual history. Also, there is statistically significant difference between type of tumor among the studied patients and ultrasongraphic features. Solid consistency of adnexial mass predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 74.2%, specificity 90.6%, positive predictive value 78%, negative predictive value 88.7%, and accuracy 85.5%. Presence of papillary projection of adnexal mass predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 56.5%, positive predictive value 48.7%, negative predictive value 94% and accuracy 67.5%. Positive findings on ultrasound predict its malignant nature with sensitivity 91%, specificity 97.8%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 96.4% and accuracy 96%. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for suspected or incidentally identified pelvic mass.
31 PREVENTIVE ASPECT OF SKIN INFECTIONS , *Dr. Krishna Namdeo Kadam and Dr. Viraj Vilas Jadhav You can prevent many skin problems by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, practicing daily skin care, protecting your skin from the sun, and checking your skin for signs of cancer or other problems. Wear sunscreen when you are outdoors. Do regular skin self-exams, and if you see a nything that's suspicious, ask your dermatologist to check it out. You also may want to use a moisturizer that contains antioxidants to help protect your skin. A nutritious diet and regular exercise also play key roles in keeping your skin healthy.
32 QUALITY BY DESIGN: ITS APPLICATIONS , *T. Anusha, Shyamala and J. V. C. Sharma Quality design (QBD) is a modern and systematic approach for product development and quality of pharmaceuticals. Quality by design is a concept first outlined by well known quality expert Joseph M. Juran. QBD is best key to build a quality in all pharmaceutical products, it is important to identify desire product performance report.QBD has it perspective to contribute the drug design, development, and manufacture of high quality drug product. Now-a –days the concept of Qbd can be extended to analytical techniques. In this analytical concept it is essential to define desire product performance profile, analytical target profile [ATP], identify critical quality attributes throughout designing and development process. The review aimed to identify implementation of QBD in analytical procedure validation. The outcomes of organized analytical process development and validation understand of critical quality attributes, risk assessment and outlining design space, and control strategy. The Quality by design is based on the ICH guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical for development, Q9 Quality risk management, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems.
33 A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN A DIABETIC PATIENT AFTER USING VARAM - REFLEXO STUMP FOOTWEAR AS A NATURAL THERAPY- A CLINICAL STUDY. , *Dr. M. Vijay Anand MDS, Dr. Sai Charan K. V BDS, Dr. Sameeruddin Ahamed G. BDS, Dr. Naveen Raj BDS Diabetes is a metabolic endocrinal disorder with long term complications and also causes problems in circulation of blood, ulcer formation in foot etc., insulin is the important hormone that is concerned with regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and blood sugar level. It is also concerned with metabolism of proteins and fats. there are many methods known to improve insulin secretion and to prevent diabetics. One among them which is gaining popularity now a days is reflexology.[2,8] Foot reflexology has been proven to be effective against diabetes in recent days. Diabetes is caused by variation in insulin production and blood glucose levels.[3,4] This study aims to determine whether the diabetic individual achieve a reduction in blood glucose level in one hour interval time after using VARAM Reflexo-Stump Footwear.
34 A SINGLE CASE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF AMLAPITTA WITH MOKSHAYAN , Dr. Jivesh Kumar Mehta* and Dr. Shaheen F. Pinjari Now a days amlapitta is commonly found as a disease & also as a symptom of various diseases. There are various causative factors like mental stress, late night work, day sleep, improper food habits, oily-spicy food habits, excessive use of pesticides etc. In contemporary science use of PPI & h2 blockers gives a temporaray management to the disease. This disease has been described in various classical texts like yog ratnakar, kashyap Samhita & bhaishajya ratnavalai. So the need for management of amlapitta led to the trial of Mokshayan.
35 ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA ROXB. EX. COLEBR.EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS. , Dr. Aarti R. Deshpande* In the context of the growing problem of multidrug resistant strains of microorganisms, discovery and introduction of novel alternative antimicrobial compounds is a major challenge. Medicinal plants that have been traditionally used for the treatment of diseases with microbial etiology, could offer potent antimicrobial drugs. Considering the medicinal importance of Boswellia serrata an attempt was made in present study to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of this plant against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The sequential extracts of leaves and bark of this plant were separately prepared in petroleum ether, acetone, 90% methanol and water. Antibacterial activity of these extracts were tested against standard cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium using well plate method. Significant antimicrobial activity was exhibited by acetone and methanol extracts. The relative minimum inhibitory concentrations of these extracts were determined for four bacteria and were found to be in the range of 3.12 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/ml for different bacteria. Antifungal activities of the organic extracts were tested against Microsporum gypseum, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformas. Appreciable antifungal activity was recorded for B. serrata leaves extract.
36 SYNTHESIS OF SOME COUMARIN-ETHYLIDENEAMINO-2-THIOXOIMIDAZOLIN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES , Ali Mahdi* and Yasameen K. Al-Majedy The synthesis of some coumarin derivatives was aimed at creating a new molecular frame work. Seven of coumarin derivatives have been synthesized by reacting of 3-acetyl-2H-chromen-2-one with thiosemicarbazide followed by cyclization with ethyl chloroacetate then reacted with acetic anhydride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and diethylamine to yield other compounds All these compounds were characterized by physical and spectral data.
37 MICROCYSTIN BIOACCUMULATION IN CULTURES IRRIGATED WITH EUTROPHIZED WATERS IN BRAZILIAN SEMIARID , Janiele França Nery*, Gleydson Kleyton Moura Nery and Salomão De Sousa Medeiros The present investigation was aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of microcystin and cylindrospermopsin in Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) and Coriandrum sativum (coriander) irrigated with waters from a eutrophic reservoir and persistent cyanobacterial blooms. Samples of bell pepper and coriander were collected in ten areas distributed along Epitacio Pessoa reservoir. To bell pepper, samples (leaves and fruits) were collected in plants in three developmental stages (sprout, green fruit and ripe fruit). To coriander plants, leaves and stems are collected in different time of development, 30 days old and 60 days old. Cyanotoxins were determined by immunoassay ELISA kits. Phytoplankton samples were beneath the water surface next the irrigated areas. Cyanobacteria is dominant in phytoplankton community. Microcystin and cylindrospermopsin were detected in water reservoir. Only microcystin were detected in plants. For bell pepper, the highest concentrations of microcystin occurred in the leaves, however, no differences were observed between leaves, fruits and maturation time. Significant differences were observed between time of development to microcystin concentrations in leaves and steam of coriander. Microcystin can uptake by bell pepper and coriander cultures irrigated with contaminated water and the bioaccumulation varied as a function of exposure time and species dependent. This is a potential risk to consumers, since microcystin can biomagnified in the trophic chain.
38 A GUIDE THROUGH THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF RESEARCH IN THE SCIENCES , *Ousman Bajinka, Pa Modou Drammeh and Lucette Simbilyabo Research, predominantly in the field of sciences, is an essential part of the disciple. Needless to say, students should have tolerable mastery in research methods and skills needed to excel in courses required for the concentration. Accurate academic research requires a good deal in terms of rigor, reflection, and justification. Have you ever mused over this question: what does it take for a piece of writing to count as an academic knowledge; what assumptions can you afford to make? Students are habitually challenged with the task of how to write a good academic paper. Understanding a broad range of methods and methodological traditions is undoubtedly a prerequisite for research. This review aims to expedite the development of a broad understanding of research. Both students and researchers will be introduced to the techniques, processes, research design and choices, research ethics, literature review, methodologies, utility and limits of case study research among others. Scholars will also be introduced to the divergence that exists between various research paradigms and methodological traditions. It is expected that students will broaden their understanding on research methods and practices. Students will surely be guided through the wholeness of research. This work covers both qualitative and quantitative methods in science and offers an assessment of the main methodological debates within the discipline. It further provides the necessary tools for effectively designing and researching rigorous research and policy papers. Concurrently, some imperative commonalities exist in the ways and manners in which scholars rationalize evidence to make a robust and intelligible argument.
39 EVALUATION FOR THE FIRST TIME OF THE ACUTE DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF RUTA CHALEPENSIS L AQUEOUS EXTRACT AERIAL PART FROM MOROCCO IN WISTAR RATS , Bellahmar Meryem*, Ouahbi Abdelilah, Benaddi Fatimazahra and Boutahricht Mohammed Medicinal plants have proven their important activity among time history in different diseases treatment and helping the production of novel drugs. Ruta chalepensis L. (family: Rutaceae), commonly named Awermi and Fijel in Morocco. It is used, in the traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders, as analgesic and antipyretic and for the treatment of rheumatism and mental disorders. Also it has emmenagogue, abortificient, antihelmintic and spasmolytic effects as well as its potency as anti-inflammatory, antihelminthic, antifungal, antifertility, anticonvulsant and sedative. In children, infused Ruta chalepensis L leave extract has been used for treatment of convulsion and other nervous disorders. In Africa, the aqueous decoction of the leaves is used for the treatment of fever. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute diuretic potential and effect on urinary electrolytes of the aqueous extract aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L at a dose of 3.5g/kg, 4.5g/kg and 10g/kg in normal wistar male and female rats. The aqueous extract was administered intraperitoneally and the diuresis was followed in the first hour, second hour, fourth hour and 24 h. The administration of the aqueous Ruta chalepensis L extract produced a significant increment on diuresis from the first hour to the 24 hour. Furosemide at a dose of 20 mg/kg, adminestred intraperitoneally had a similar effect when compared to Ruta Chalepensis L administration suggesting a similar mechanism of action. The mechanism of action of furosemide is by inducing a loss of water through the inhibition of NaCl reabsorption. The results suggest that this receptor-mediated mechanism may account for the diuretic effect of Ruta chalepensis L as well. We concluded that aqueous extract aerial parts of Ruta Chalepensis L administered, particularly, at the dose of 10 g/kg induce significant effect on urinary output of water and electrolytes in normal wistar rats.
40 IN VITRO SELECTION Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl. PLANTLETS RESULT OF INDUCED RESISTANCE WITH FUSARIC ACID , Endang Nurcahyani*, Sumardi, Hardoko Insan Qudus, Sri Wahyuningsih, Sholekhah and Asma Palupi Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl. is an original orchid from Indonesia and one of Indonesia's national flowers, known as "Puspa Pesona", is included in the list of endangered species. P. amabilis is also one of the most popular orchid plants for various groups of people because of the beauty of the shape and color of flowers, but the production of P. amabilis in Indonesia is still far behind compared to other countries such as Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia. Fusarium wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) which until now has not been able to be overcome effectively. The use of P. amabilis plantlets that are resistant to Fusarium wilt is expected to be an important alternative for disease control. The purpose of this reserach was to study and determine the concentration of Fusaric Acid (FA) in the selection of P. amabilis plantlets that were tolerant of Fusarium wilt. This study used P. amabilis plantlets with 5 levels of FA concentration, namely 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm. The results showed that the concentration of FA tolerant for optimum growth was 40 ppm. The results of in vitro selection with subcultured FA on multiplication medium resulted in a number of live P. amabilis plantlets is 100% (10 -30 ppm), which were insensitive to FA, whereas at 40 ppm a number of live P. amabilis plantlets is 60%.
41 THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ARISTOLOCHIA LONGA L, « MOROCCO » PREPARED BY THE TRADITIONAL METHOD , Fatima Zahra Benaddi*, Abdelilah Ouahbi, Meryem Bellahmar and Said Chakir Medicinal plants are one of the main resources of therapeutic agents. Among Moroccan medicinal plants, Aristolochia longa, it is a species commonly used in Moroccan traditional medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of aristolochia longa in albinos mice. Acute toxicity test was performed to determine lethal 50, lethal dose 100 and minimum lethal dose. The administration of the aqueous extract induced the appearance of several symptoms of toxicity like Weakness, convulsion, diarrhé, hypoactivity. Our results show that the highest dose killing all animals or lethal dose 100 is 12 g / kg, maximum tolerated dose is 5 g / kg and the lethal dose 50 is 7.6 ±1.33 g/kg. Our study suggest non toxicity of the aristolochia longa aqueous extact.
42 DETERMINATION OF METALS FROM DRINKING WATER OF DALBANDIN, DISTRICT CHAGHI BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN , Abeera Kanwal, Nizam Baloch*, Mohammad Faheem, Mukhtar Ahmed Baloch, Tamoor Khan, Murad Bibi, Ali irshad, Afifa -Ul-Huda, Mehreen Raza and Muhammad Kamran Khan Water is very vital factor for all biological processes taking place in our environment. Without water life is unpredictable. Water is a universal solvent. Balochistan is the biggest territory of Pakistan. Following study was completed to decide the convergence of metals in surface and ground water of Chaghi (Dalbandin) district of Balochistan. Seven (7) water samples were collected for this purpose. Physicochemical parameters (PH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, and salinity) were examined. Assurance of metals for example Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb) and Antimony (Sb) were completed utilizing Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. From the following study it was analyzed that all water samples has pH, TDS, and Salinity values within the range of World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental protection agency (EPA) range that is from 6.5 to 8.5, <1000mg/L, 500 mg/L respectively. The electrical conductivity of all water samples is higher than the WHO and EPA limits that is1000 μS/cm. It was also analyzed that water samples of K K Rahim bore, Sagesha, Sia jungle contain Fe in a range (0.2277, 0.2687, 0.2687) that is less than the WHO and EPA limit. The water sample collected from Laghap, Bypass Marble Factory, School bore Bypass, Bypass contain Fe higher than the recommended value of WHO and EPA limit that is 0.3. Concentrations of Pb, Sb and Co were higher than the standards set by WHO and EPA. All water samples contain Mn in a range of WHO and EPA limit that is 0.5 and <0.5.
43 DETERMINATION OF METALS IN GROUND WATER FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF DISTRICT MASTUNG, BALOCHISTAN , Afifa -Ul-Huda, Nizam Baloch*, Mohammad Faheem, Mukhtar Baloch, Tamoor Khan, Murad Bibi, Mehreen Raza, Ali irshad, Abeera Kanwal and Muhammad Kamran Khan This study was conducted to detect metals especially heavy metals like Cobalt, Antimony, Lead, Iron and Manganese in water samples obtained from ground water in district Mastung, Balochistan Pakistan, between 66°11'34"- 67°25'59" East Longitudes and 29°20'13"- 30°15'8" North Latitudes. Analysis of 07 water sample was done through Atomic absorption spectroscopy to look at different physicochemical parameters, for example EC, TDS, pH, and saltiness the values of TDS and saltiness were within the range of EPA and WHO limits pH of Spezant (metha) Mastung was more than EPA and WHO limits while the conductivity of Spezant (metha) Mastung and Spezant (karva) Mastung was higher than WHO limits. The study shows that the values of Co, Fe, Sb and Pb were higher than WHO and EPA limits while the values of Mn were within the range of WHO and EPA limits.
44 DETERMINATION OF METALS IN THE WATER OF TOBA KAKARI DISTRICT PISHIN , Muhammad Ghalib, Nizam Baloch*, Mohammad Faheem, Afifa -Ul-Huda, Mukhtar Baloch, Tamoor Khan, Murad Bibi, Mehreen Raza, Ali irshad, Abeera Kanwal, Muhammad Kamran Khan Toba kakari is mountainous region consist of large and small number of residential and cultivated locations. It is situated in district Pishin of Baluchistan Province. The sources of water in this region is karez and bore holes, therefore, the water of the said region was analyzed to determine the existence of metals. Thus, the parameters like, pH scale, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were analyzed. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for detection of metals in water. The sample was collected from seven different part of region for assessment of pH, TDS, EC, which were found in normal range, except pH of Goalie, Khalilah, and Killa haji khan which had higher values, while the concentration of metals were found greater than the range suggested by international agencies, but within tolerable limits.
45 UBIQUITY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BOGORO – BAUCHI STATE , Ogundeko T.O*, Bassi A.P, Bakam C.K, Ramyil M.S.C, Toma B, Ogbole E.A, Nadabo C, Omezi O.S.I, Aje D.Y, Geoffrey P.A Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevailing factors associated with substance abuse among the adolescent population in Bogoro. Background: Pseudo-history is a dangerous lightly - taken tool to sustaining intergenerational communal clashes. Adolescence comes with search for self increased pressures and decision making. Methods: 480 pupils across all classes and within the age range 11- 19 years from 4 Day Secondary Schools in Bogoro town in Bogoro LGA, Nigeria were sampled. These were administered with structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical analysis was used. Results: 115 (34.23%) still engage in substance abuse while 221(65.77) claimed to have stopped. 70% (336) of the sampled population have tasted abused substance before. The most abused substance amongst the secondary school pupils in Bogoro Burukutu 36% (120), Gin/ Spirit 22% (74) and Kolanut 20% (69) respectively. Age distribution of adolescents in terms of when engage in substance abuse was first tasted was highest in age 11-15 (40%) for followed by 16 and above (27%). Various campaign measures on substance abuse gave insight to the source of awareness. Radio (29%), Religious institutions (28%), Television and school programs each constituted 14% and least through friends (5%) after family (10%). Social and psychological influences linked with perceived feeling after taking substance of abuse - High, strong, bold, and happy were 44%, 18%, 34% respectively. Conclusions: The most abused substance amongst the adolescents of Bogoro is Burukutu. A multifaceted intergenerational communal clashes (Ethnoreligious, socio-political, poverty, government neglect), kind of major crop (Guinea corn) and pseudo perception of effect(s) derived from taking substance of abuse. Campaigns against same via school programmes, religious institutions, the media, and the family were tools found to bring about decline to the scourge in Bogoro. Modification of the various campaign strategies and correct historical account regarding land ownership is recommended.
46 EFFICACY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE IN PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION , Muhammad Shahbaz Ali*, Safdar Shah, Zeshan Ali, Muhammad Ayub, Wajid Ali, Imran Ansari Introduction: Medical Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection for a satisfactory sexual performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the efficacy and frequency of side effects of sildenafil citrate in patients on chronic hemodialysis with erectile dysfunction (E.D). Methods: This study was involved 165 patients of renal failure on hemodialysis for at least six months presenting with erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil citrate (50 mg) tablet were converted into powder form and filled it in capsules. All patients received a sealed box containing the capsules. one capsule containing sildenafil citrate (50 mg) was given to all patients twice a week and advised them to take these capsules one hour before the intercourse and continue this treatment for two weeks. Results: Erectile dysfunction improved in 145 (87.9%) patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency of efficacy across age (p=0.496), duration of renal failure (p=0.901) and baseline IIEF (p=0.543) groups. Headache was the most frequent side effect and was reported by 27 (16.4%) patients followed by flushing (n=21, 12.7%), blurring of vision (n=9, 5.5%) and dyspepsia (n=7, 4.2%). Conclusion: The efficacy of sildenafil citrate was found to be 87.9% in patients of renal failure on hemodialysis presenting with erectile dysfunction. This efficacy was unaffected by patients’ age, duration of renal failure and baseline IIEF score.
47 A REVIEW ON PLATELET RICH PLASMA , Pooja Nair K. R.*, Subash Chandran M. P., Prasobh G. R., Juno S., Subodh S. Satheesh and Anu A. L. The utility of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has spanned various fields of dermatology from chronic ulcer management to trichology and aesthetics, due to its role in wound healing. Though PRP is being used over a long time, there is still confusion over proper terminology to define, classify and describe the different variations of platelet concentrates. There is also a wide variation in the reported protocols for standardization and preparation of PRP, in addition to lack of accurate characterization of the tested products in most articles on the topic. Additionally, the high cost of commercially available PRP kits, precludes its use over a larger population. In this article, we review the principles and preparation methods of PRP based on available literature and place our perspective in standardizing a safe, simple protocol that can be followed to obtain an optimal consistent platelet yield.
48 CURCUMIN EFFECTS AND APPLICATION IN ORAL MEDICINE , *Dr. Mutum Sangeeta Devi, MDS and Dr. Manju J., MDS curcumin is a plant isolated polyphenol (Curcuma longa) L. (Zingiberaceae) compound found in South Asia. It has active constituent which account for 0.3-5.4% of raw turmeric. Curcumine is been widely used in Ayurvedac medicine for centuries. It has anti imflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antifibrotic, antifungal, antiplatetes, antidiabetic, antimicrobial anticarcinogenic, antiviral therapeutic properties. In several studies it shows that there is improvement in oral medicine application like apthous ulcer gingivitis, precancerous lesion and condition like oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, leukoplakia. etc.
49 AETIOPATHOGENESIS & PREVENTION OF HYPERTENSION THROUGH AYURVEDA -A CONCEPTUAL STUDY , Anamika Khatana and * Rakesh Khatana Introduction: Hypertension is a common disease in present era. Every fifth person is found hypertensive. Most adults develop it in later half of their life More than 50% of the deaths and disabilities from heart disease and stroke together kill more than 12 million people each year. It has been predicted that by the year 2020 there will be a 75% increase in the global cardiovascular disease burden occurring. Hypertension is dreadful disease which is multifactorial in its origin with a chronic aetio-pathogenesis when thought adapting the principle of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala theory the pathology seems to be centered on Shonita Dhatu and Tridosha So it fall in the Madhyam Rogamarga (intermediate route) & hence it is Yapya disease (difficult to cure). Aim and Objectives: To find out the factors involved in hypertension as per Ayurvedic perspective and to explain hypertension in terms of Ayurveda. This research paper is a sincere effort to understand hypertension in terms of Ayurveda, which will be beneficial for treatment as well as preventive purpose. Material and Methods: To study signs and symptoms resembling hypertension with Ayurvedic perspective, classical books on Ayurveda, modern literature, available research updates and scientific information available on internet etc. were searched and analyzed. Discussion & Conclusion: The hypertension showed that the disease can be well managed by following Pathya- Apathyaas mentioned in Ayurveda (avoidance of the etiological factor).Considering detailed conceptual part we can definitely say that Ayurveda describes appropriate lifestyle and diet management called as Aahar and Vihar for maintaining homeo-stasis and thereby preventing hypertension.
50 BIOGENIC AND DRUG CAPPED AuNps. AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION , Dr. Bharat A. Makwana*, Jagruti P. Vala, Pooja R. Popat, Pooja S. Thakur and Viral A. Patel Development of green nano technology is generating interest of researchers toward eco friendly, safe, non-toxic, eco-friendly route of synthesis which can be used for the manufacture at a large scale. This is a simple, cost-effective, stable for long time and reproducible aqueous room temperature synthesis method to obtain a self-assembly of Au and Pd nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Hibiscus rosa. In the present study, we report the bio synthesis of aqueous stable gold and palladium nanoparticles by using petal extract of Hibiscus rosa as both reducing and capping agents.I have also synthesiszed Gold nanoparticle with the use of isonazide drug as redusing agents and PEG (poly Ethylene Glycol) as capping agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Vis, particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We discuss here a quick, simple, economic, and eco friendly method through a completely green route for the selective detection. Furthermore this nanoparticles have applied in biological system like, gold nano particles for selective sensing of amino acid (L- dopa) potential antimicrobial agent and AuNps. nanoparticles applied for the catalyst study.
51 METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF VALSARTAN AND CILNIDIPINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS BY RP-HPLC , *Amreen, G. Kumaraswamy and R. Lalitha The proposed Research work is simple, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Valsartan and Cilnidipine. The current RP-HPLC method utilizes stationary phase and consists of symmetry C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm in particle size) with a mobile phase comprising of Methanol : Pottassium di hydrogen Phosphate buffer (80:20%v/v) pH 3.5 adjusted by Orthophopharic acid at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, column temperature of 25 °C and UV detection at 260 nm. The retention time of Valsartan and Cilnidipine were 2.05 and 5.13 min respectively. The linearity was found to be in the range of 10–60 g/mL and 5– 30 μg/mL for Cilnidipine and Valsartan respectively. The % recovery was found to be 99.76 ± 0.426 for Cilnidipine and 98.93 ± 0.1020 for Valsartan. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the determination of drugs in tablet.
52 AN ASSESSMENT OF IN –VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS , Prathiba H. D.* and Anupama Sindhghatta Kariyappa The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of five plant species selected on the basis of their reported ethno botanical uses. The alkaloid and flavonoid fraction of plant extracts was analyses against L-ascorobic acid by DDPH assay. The potential of L- ascorobic acid to scavenge DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical become almost stable after 70 or 80%. The fractions showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property. The alkaloids and flavonoids fraction of Abutilon indicum, leaf extract were found to 75.99% (ethanol), 79.16% (methanol), 75.04% (aqueous) and 77.02 %, 81.07%, 47.54%, respectively. The Adathoda visca leaf extracts were found to be 75.17%, 81.07%,71.32% and 79.16%, 85.10%, 44.32%, Datura stromonium 73.21%, 82.86%, 70.27% and 70.43%,75.46%, 41.17% respective Lantana camara fraction showed 70.22%, 80.92%, 70.50% and 68.47% 80.90%,37.72% activities and Tridax procumbens 72.07%,79.34%,68.80% and 62.27% 62.67%, 33.02%. On comparative basis flavonoids leaf extracts of Adathoda visca and Datura stromonium fractions exhibit amazing antioxidant properties that support their traditional use as natural antioxidant.
53 A REVIEW ON METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY , S. D. Labhade* and J. S. Jagtap The introduction of the â€•Maximum Tolerable Doseâ€– (MTD) in normal treatment protocols (and its concurrent over toxicity) made vital the burden of rest periods between cycles of treatment—a training that includes re-development of tumor cells, yet in addition development of chose clones impervious to the treatment. So as to avoid the problems caused by traditional chemotherapeutic regimens, a new modality of drug administration called â€•metronomic chemotherapyâ€– has been proposed. It refers to the chronic, equally spaced administration of (generally) low doses of various chemotherapeutic drugs without extended rest periods. The curiosity of this treatment methodology lies not just in its anti- tumor efficacy with exceptionally low adverse effect, yet additionally in a cell target switch. With plenty of experimental work, beginning with the pioneering work in the Folkman and Kerbel labs, Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) has built its foundations. Browder and colleagues demonstrated that standard chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can also be used as anti-angiogenic agents. The administration of cyclophosphamide in doses lower than the MTD, at shorter intervals and without extended rest periods, showed results better than those obtained with the MTD schedule in the treatment of two cyclophosphamide-resistant tumours, Lewis lung carcinoma and the murine mammary carcinoma cell line EMT-6.
54 A REVIEW ON ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS , Prof. Sharma Shubham* and Diwan Deeksha There are currently few antifungals in use which show efficacy against fungal diseases. These antifungals mostly target specific components of fungal plasma membrane or its biosynthetic pathways. However, more recent class of antifungals in use is echinocandins which target the fungal cell wall components. The availability of mostly fungistatic antifungals in clinical use, often led to the development of tolerance to these very drugs by the pathogenic fungal species. Thus, the development of clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) leads to higher tolerance to drugs and its emergence is helped by multiple mechanisms. MDR is indeed a multifactorial phenomenon wherein a resistant organism possesses several mechanisms which contribute to display reduced susceptibility to not only single drug in use but also show collateral resistance to several drugs. Considering the limited availability of antifungals in use and the emergence of MDR in fungal infections, there is a continuous need for the development of novel broad spectrum antifungal drugs with better efficacy. Here, we briefly present an overview of the current understanding of the antifungal drugs in use, their mechanism of action and the emerging possible novel antifungal drugs with great promise.
55 A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED EDUCATION PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES REGARDING KANGAROO MOTHER CARE IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, BANGALORE , *Sarojamma and Raddi S. A. Too often we underestimate the power of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliments, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the potential to turn a life around. Leo f. Buscaglia quotes
56 CRACKING HOMO SAPIEN SKIN PIGMENTARY ORDER, AETIOLOGY OF SKIN DEPIGMENTARY DISORDER AND ITS ATTENDANT SKIN CANCER OR CANCER AND THEIR REHABILITATION WITH NAPHTHOQUINONE THERAPY , Dr. S. S. Sawhney* Introduction: The black Homo sapien prototype at tropics, relevant to earthly conditions, had been evolved under the sapient biostrategy of natural selection, but with a code. The skin depigmentary disorder among non- European black Asian, African and Australian at tropics, and the assumption of light- toned integumental coat by white European at beyond tropics are the evolutionary defiances. The aim of this study is to unravel and crack the mechanisms thereof, and rehabilitate the skin depigmentary disorder among the Homo sapiens. Methods and material: Fourteen Asian Indian consented and volunteered for this study. Complete Body Scan Analysis was conducted on nine volunteers. Four HES patients were treated topically or orally or both with vitamin K1 or naphthoquinone precursors to vitamin K2 (Plumbago Zeylanica L.), followed by exposure of relentless sun high intensity UVB. A normal female volunteer was put on the dose of 10g of Walnut Karnels of Juglons regia L. for a year in addition to her staple diet, followed by exposure of relentless sun high intensity UVB. Results: The interplay of the epidermal vitamin K threshold and the relentless sun high intensity UVB has been identified as the mainstay of the skin pigmentary order as defined in black Homo sapien prototype at tropics. The vitamin K deficiency in Homo sapiens has been identified as the skin depigmentary disorder precipitant, whereas the relenting sun low intensity UVB precipitates light – toned integumental coat among the Homo sapiens at beyond tropics. These evolutionary defiances among Homo sapiens result in the maximization of their vulnerability to skin cancer or cancer. The vitamin K based Naphthoquinone Therapy offers new options for the treatment, prevention and pre- emption of skin depigmentray disorder or cancer. Conclusion: The vitamin K has been identified as the pro skin pigmentary order, anti-skin depigmentary disorder and anti-cancer vitamer. The supplementation of staple diet with plant -based highly photosensitive and UVB- harvesting 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives: root powder of Plumbago zeylanica L and fruits of Juglona regia L, is strongly recommended to keep skin depigmentary disorder and cancer at bay.
57 A CASE REPORT OF SIRAJA GRANTHI TREATED WITH ATASI UPANAHA , *Dr. Akhil M. U., Dr. Anjali Bharadwaj and Dr. Shailaja S. V. Sirajagranthi is mentioned as one of the granthi rogas[1] described in various Ayurvedic classics which denotes a pathological condition characterized by a dilatation and engorged of veins, which are non- pulsating and painless. The treatment principle in Ayurveda includes abhyanga, sahacharadi taila pana, basti, upanaha and procedures such as jalaukavacharana and siravyadha which also serves the aim of the treatment. Upanaha is one among the classical treatment mentioned in Astangahrudaya for Sirajagranthi.[2] In the present study an attempt is made to treat Siraja granthi using Atasi upanaha Sweda.
58 PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSTIC AIDS USED IN ORAL CANCER , *Dr. Mutum Sangeeta Devi, M.D.S, Dr. Manju J, M.D.S, Dr. Rahul Rajpurohit, M.D.S Oral cancer is a fatal disease and a major health issue in developing countries, which is the leading cause of death. Better understanding of the disease process at the molecular level has changed the way oral cancer approaches early diagnosis of the lesion rather than late stages to minimize morbidity and mortality. As a result, preliminary diagnostic aids have been suggested to improve our ability to distinguish between benign anomalies and dysplastic / malignant changes, and to identify areas of dysplasia / early oralcancer that are not visible to the naked eye. These include the use of vital staining, cytology, chemiluminescence, velscope etc.
59 PREVALENCE OF UNCORRECTED REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED SCHOOL CHILDREN IN IRAQ , Abdullah M. Mulhim* Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of uncorrected Refractive errors among the internally displaced school children in Iraq. Methods: School-based cross-sectional study in the academic year of 2016-2017. School children were selected from 8primary schools for the internally displaced Children in Kurdistan region, Iraq. All children underwent full ophthalmic examination, uncorrected visions were tested and cycloplegic refractions were done for children with visual impairment. Refractive errors in this study were determined by the results Of the cycloplegic refraction. Results: From 592 selected children, 94.7%had participated in our study, and 553 were eligible (age ranged from 6 to 12 years).The prevalence of refractive errors was 34.5%; 32.2% of them were uncorrected. The prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia And astigmatism were 3.8%, 13.9% and 14.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study has found a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive Errors among the internally displaced children in Iraq. This result represents an important health issue among those children, requiring major actions to tackle and Resolve it.
60 A REVIEW STUDY OF KARVIRA , Dr. Madan Mohan Sharma, *Dr. Lokesh Singh Bhati and Dr. Ujwala hivale Karvira know as Indian oleander, It is most potentially cardiac poison. Karvira have been used in Ayurveda Science. In Indian medicine Karvira is comes under Sthavaravisha and Upavishas. It is more in tropical regions. It is an evergreen shrub seen in the gardens with white, pink and yellow coloured flowers. All parts of the plant are toxic and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides. Karvira is one Visha but having rich therapeutic values. The Karvira is botanically known as Nerium odorum having in white or red flowers variation. Another plant Thevetia nerifolia is later considered pita. In this article the all information related to Karvira has been compiled.
61 CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING SURGERY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SENEGAL): PRELIMINARY STUDY , Mouhamadou Bamba Ndiaye*, Dr. Joseph Salvador Mingou, Maguette Ba, Christelle Akagha Kondé, Fatou Aw, Simon Antoine Sarr, Malick Bodiian, Aliou Alassane Ngaidé, Alassane Mbaye, Adama Kane, Maboury Diao and Abdoul Kane Despite the evolution of percutaneous coronary interventions techniques, some coronary lesions still fall under revascularization surgery, in particular coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Accessibility to CABG remains difficult in developing countries, due to a deficit in suitable technical platform and low income of the populations. Through this series, we wanted to note the clinical profile of the patients who underwent CABG, as well as the different indications of coronary revascularization, and the surgical techniques used in these black subjects from Senegal. The study was retrospective, descriptive, carried out between October 2014 and March 2017 at the Clinique du Cap-Dakar, making it possible to identify 17 patients, mostly men (sex ration: 5.6). Hypertension was the most common risk factor (13 patients), and six of them were diabetic. Thirteen patients presented a three-vessel disease on coronary angiography. The average SYNTAX score was 34.9, while the calculated average EuroSCORE was 3.4. The majority of performed CABG were arterial (66.66%). Three patients had triple bypass surgery, the rest had a double bypass surgery. Only one patient had undergone the breast Y technique. No incidents or accidents were reported during the procedures. The intraoperative mortality was zero. Postoperatively, atrial fibrillation has been reported in one woman. Stroke and myocardial infarction were not recorded on return from the surgery. This series also shows that CABG is feasible in Dakar, and allows the revascularization of patients with complex coronary lesions. This technique must be extended to the public sector, but also to the sub-region in order to better manage these coronary diseases which are constantly growing in Africa.
62 FOOT REFLEXOLOGY AS A SUPPORTIVE THERAPY FOR DIABETES- A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS USING VARAM REFLEXO-STUMP FOOTWEAR , Dr. Prof. M. Vijay Anand MDS D. Acu, Dr. G. Sameeruddin Ahamed BDS D. Acu, Dr. J. Roshini BDS D. Acu, Dr. N. Naveen Raj BDS D. Acu. Background: Reflexology, an ancient practice over the years well-known as a key therapeutic element involves applying pressure at specific points for treating many ailments in the human system. Most of these reflex points are found in the hands and feet. Foot reflexology in recent days has proven to be effective against endocrine and metabolic diseases specifically in controlling blood sugar levels. Aim: To reduce blood glucose levels using Varam-reflexology stump footwear as a supportive therapy. Objective: To evaluate the random blood glucose level using reflexology stump footwear in different time intervals. Material and Methods: The present observational comparative study was conducted onrandomly selected 9 (Nine) diabetic patients. Random blood sugar levels were noted at the time of visit examined by categorizing them into three groups A, B, C by usage of footwear at different intervals of 15, 30 and 60mins respectively. After the waiting period of 30, 60 and 90mins correspondingly final random blood sugar levels were recorded. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test analyzes were applied to the data, considering a significance level of 1% (P value <0.01). Results: Random blood glucose level recorded initially revealed mean value of 229.33mg/dl with S.D of 76.478 mg/dl and S.E of 25.49. After therapy the mean random blood glucose level was observed to be 185.77g/dl with S.D of 77.56 mg/dl and S.E of 25.85 in relation to different time intervals. Statistical difference was observed with f-ratio value of 24.93842 and p-value is < .00001(p < .01*) when comparative analysis was performed between the three groups. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed mean difference of 123.33 with significance at p<0.01. Conclusion: Based on the results of this comparative study, either as supportive therapy to conventional treatment or as first-line therapy, foot reflexology by using Varam-reflexology stump footwear can contribute in improving the scores of blood sugar level among diabetic individuals.
63 EFFECT OF VITAMIN D AND MELATONIN SUPPLEMENTATION AS ADJUVANT IN TREATMENT OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE , *Dr. Zahrah Mohammed Ali Abbood Issa, Booran Mamdooh Saeed Nazhat and Rand A. Abduljabbar Al-Wattar In newborn babies and neonates, neonatal jaundice is a common problem which is treated by different methods to avoid the development of complication especially bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. This prospective clinical trial was done during the period from July 2016 to January 2018 in Al-Karama hospital in Baghdad/Iraq on 120 neonates suffering from neonatal jaundice. The studied neonates were divided into 3 groups: Group (1) who were treated by vitamin D and phototherapy, group (2) who were treated by melatonin and phototherapy and group (3) who were treated by phototherapy alone. Results showed that serum bilirubin was significantly declined in neonates of group (1) who were treated by vitamin D and phototherapy, compared with neonates of group (2) and (3) who were treated with combined melatonin with phototherapy and phototherapy respectively with p-value equal 0.002 and 0.001 respectively. There was a significant decrease in serum bilirubin levels in neonate of group (2) who were treated with melatonin and phototherapy when compared with group (3) who was treated by phototherapy alone with p-value equal 0.002. It can be concluded that Vitamin D and melatonin could be used as adjuvant treatments in neonatal jaundice in combination with phototherapy with superiority of vitamin D over melatonin.
64 MICROBIAL AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM BLENDS OF WHEAT, ORANGE PEEL, PLANTAIN PEEL AND PINEAPPLE PEEL FLOURS , I. C. Oladipo*, A. O. Oladipo and E. O. Oguntoye This study utilized composite flour from Orange peel, Pineapple peel, Plantain peel and Wheat for the production of biscuit with the bid to increase the protein quality, lipid and crude fibre content of biscuit and promote the utilization of composite flour. Different blends of composite flour and wheat with appropriate quantity of other ingredients were mixed to produce biscuits. The flour and biscuits produced were subjected to microbial, sensory and nutritional evaluations. The total viable counts of the samples ranged from 1.5 x 107 CFU/g to 3.6x107 CFU/g. Isolated organism from the biscuit samples were characterized and identified to be Aeromonas hyrophylia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium. The nutritional evaluation of the biscuit samples showed that the different blends of wheat and composite flour biscuit had the highest content of protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and carbohydrate when compared to 100% wheat biscuit. Wheat flour could be fortified with composite flour (at different ratio) to produce acceptable biscuits with improved nutritional composition at reduced cost.
65 GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS (UMBELIFERAE) ESSENTIAL OIL , Abdel Karim M.*, Osman A., Amira A. E. Satti and Al-Hafez M. Information of the constituents of medicinal plant is of great importance since medicinal plants are endowed with diverse phytochemicals with potential medicinal applications. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of the medicinally important Anethum graveolens volatile oil, and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. 30 components were detected by GC-MS analysis. Major constituents are: D-carvone (37.80%); D-limonene (18.13%) and apiol (16.16%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated via disc diffusion method against five standard human pathogens (Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; Gram negative: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasa aeruginosa and the fungi Candida albicans). The oil showed significant activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasa aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. It also showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
66 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUDANESE VANGUERIA MADAGASCARINSIS (RUBIACEAE) OIL , Abdel Karim M.*, Amna D., Amira A. E. Satti and Al-Hafez M. This study was designed to investigate the constituents of Vangueria madagascarinsis seed oil and to assess its antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of Vangueria madagascariensis oil was performed. Nineteen constituents were detected. Main constituents are: 9,12-octadecadienoic acid-z,z- methyl ester (53.68%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (15.43%), 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(12.89%) and methyl stearate(10.23%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was assessed against five standard human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasa aeruginosa and the fungal species Candida albicans. Vangueria madagascarinsis oil showed significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate activity against Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. The oil also exhibited weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus. However, it was inactive against Bacillus subtilis.
67 PERIMORTEM BEDSIDE HYSTERECTOMY: A SURVIVED PATIENT AND HER BABY AFTER FOUR CARDIAC ARRESTS. DOES EPINEPHRINE MAKE A CHANGE IN AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM MANAGEMENT? , Amir M. Shabana and Akram H. Guirgis* (Reviewer #1 abstract related, revised and replied comment no 3) In the labour room, our patient suddenly collapsed followed by immediate cardiac arrest during her labour course. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation done immediately including perimortum bedside CS followed by hysterectomy. Having an adult patient in labour made high suspicion about amniotic fluid embolism as a first possibility especially when we got the first severely deranged coagulation profile done within ~15 minutes of patient collapse. During her critical care journey, she had 3 successive cardiac arrests, a bedside perimortem CS and hysterectomy, 3 successive laparotomies in the following days. A fourth cardiac arrest happened 2 hours following cessation of epinephrine infusion. Epinephrine infusion was reinstituted after regaining spontaneous rhythm and weaned gradually afterwards. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare obstetric catastrophe which represents about 15 % of all maternal deaths, incidence is about 7 per 100.000 births. Till now there is no definitive diagnostic tool hence, its diagnosis depends mainly on exclusion. An immunogenic theory describes the pathophysiology of AFE as an anaphylactic reaction, hence the name of “anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy”. We suggest that properly timed aggressive resuscitation comprising perimortum bedside CS, then hysterectomy, plus the use epinephrine played a very important role in the successful outcome of our patient and her baby.
68 SURVIVAL OUTCOME COMPARISON BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE OXYGEN THERAPY AMONG PRETERM NEONATES SUFFERING FROM RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN IBN AL-BALADI HOSPITAL / BAGHDAD- IRAQ , Dr. Talib Hasan Darhash Al-Tamimi*, Dr. Kaddum Kudair Abbas AL-Taie and Dr. Jenan Ghadban Dawood Prematurity and RDS largely contribute to early neonatal morbidity and mortality. With adequate antenatal steroid and early CPAP, early oxygen therapy improves survival outcome. The current study aimed to compare survival outcome of oxygen therapy with respect to timing of its administration (i.e. early within two hours of life and late after 2 hours), different birth weight and different gestational age. This prospective interventional study included newborns with 24-28 weeks prematurity or 28-34 weeks (GA) with clinical RDS and birth weight (BW)>650gms. All subjects were preferably provided early oxygen therapy (within 2 hours after birth). Oxygen was delivered and only those who required further respiratory support were ventilated. Records on birth weight, gestational age, and timing of therapy (early/late), duration of ventilation, sepsis, complications, and survival/death outcome were collected and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Out of 80 neonates (39 males, 41 female), 36 received early oxygen therapy and 44 obtained it late. Although high mortality was observed with both early (32.8%) and late therapy (67.2%), there was significantly higher survival with early therapy (p=0.02). Though no statistical differences of outcome were observed with different GA and BW in study groups; however irrespective of timing of therapy, higher mortality occurred in lower BW/GA subgroups with least survival among extremely preterm <27wks (p=0.005) and ELBW<1000gm (p=0.001). No difference was seen for need of intubation/ventilation in early and late groups (p=0.831). It can be concluded that early oxygen administration improved survival with minimal complications in RDS except for extremely premature/LBW babies.
69 ENSURING NORMAL IRON LEVELS IN BREAST MILK OF PREGNANT WOMEN BY PERSONALIZED IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TREATMENT , *Dr. Abeer Hashim Abdul-Majeed, Dr. Bushra Abd Al-Hassin Hochem, Dr. Kawther Yahia Saeed Since the characteristics of all body fluids depends on patient’s health status, it is possible that disadvantaged and socially vulnerable mothers may have lower amounts of iron in their breast milk, and that their babies receive lower content of the mineral for their normal growth and development. Assuring a preventive treatment of the mother might solve this problem. This study aimed to demonstrate breast milk iron content from disadvantaged mothers and the effect of personalized iron supplementation program. In the current cross-sectional study, breast milk samples were obtained for ferritin analysis. Health services usually provide free folic acid and iron treatment however, treatment compliance is low. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: “A: Controls” who had free iron tablets available from the health centre; and “B: Intervention” group where patients accepted to be periodically contacted at home by a health team for personalized iron dispensation. In our study, 200 patients were included. Prophylaxis and treatment compliance were 100% and 96% for B group, while for the control was 61% and 37% (p=0.005). Higher breast milk iron levels were detected in the Intervention’s mothers compared with control patients (p<0.05). It can be concluded that personalized iron prophylaxis and treatment increased breast milk iron levels. Public health policy must ensure iron dispensation for each under-served mother in order to reduce children problems associated to iron deficiency during the first year of their life.
70 USING NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ITS RISKS IN CHILDREN WITH CHICKEN POX: THE MEASUREMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF PARENTS , *Dr. Saeed Hassan Rajab and Dr. Siham Issa Muslim Chicken pox is a common childhood infection. Children initially present with fever followed by a vesicular rash after 2 to 3 days. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) like Nurofen or Ibuprofen are commonly available over the counter antipyretic medications and are used initially in the management of fever by parents. This study aimed to measure the knowledge and understanding of parents about using NSAIDs during chicken pox infection and its related health risks. The study aimed to conduct a qualitative cross-sectional survey by undertaking semi-structured interviews with open-ended questionnaire with 50 randomly selected parents whose children were diagnosed with chicken pox infection over a 6 month period, within the primary health care setting. The main objective was to find out if parents were aware of the associated risks of NSAIDs use. A short literature review was conducted to gain further evidence about the use of NSAIDs medication in children diagnosed with chicken pox infection detailing the associated health risks and complications. Out of the total 50 parents interviewed, none were aware of NSAID associated risks during a chicken pox illness. 8(40%) of parents used both paracetamol as well as ibuprofen as the initial antipyretic medication, whilst 12 (60%) of parents used paracetamol alone. From the current study, it can be concluded that there was a clear lack of understanding of the parents about the choice of antipyretic medication in the management of fever in chicken pox infection. None of the parents were aware of the associated risks of skin infection and necrotising fasciitis with NSAID use. Hence, there is need to develop parental educational programs to improve their understanding in the management of fever during chicken pox illness.
71 ROLE OF LEPA (LOCAL APPLICATION) IN KUSHTHA (SKIN DISEASE) W.S.R. TO DADRU: A CLINICAL STUDY , Dr. Jeeta Ram Saini, Dr. Sisir Kumar Mandal and Dr. Ujwala S. Hivale All dermatologic disorders are coming under the term Kuá¹£á¹ha as per Ä€yurvedika texts. In broad sense Kuá¹£á¹ha is the one, which causes vitiation as well as discoloration of the skin. Ä€cÄrya SuÅ›ruta has mentioned the treatment as lepana, which is a type of Åšodhana, because external applications form is the best way to treat Kuá¹£á¹ha. Application of lepa enters in to RomakÅ«pa and further gets absorbed through Svedavahi Srotasa and SirÄmukha leading to desired effects. This method of rubbing increases the skin temperature which might be hastening the pilosebaceous uptake and skin permeation of the drug in topical formulation. Dadru, one of the Ká¹£udra Kuá¹£á¹ha makes its powerful grip on modern man and have harmful effect. Dadru can be correlated with modern disease dermatophytes. This condition comes under superficial fungal infection of the skin. Dadru is Rasagata manifestation of Kuá¹£á¹ha. Ä€cÄrya SuÅ›ruta mentioned Å›odhana lepa as first choice of modality for Tvakagata Kuá¹£á¹ha. Lepana karma has been considered as an ideal therapeutic measure for this disease. Modern science also justifies the role of topical therapy in superficial fungal infections of the skin. External application of drugs in skin disease is an important as internal medicine. It helps in providing better and quicker relief in the symptoms. The medicine in the form of a paste used for external application are called as Lepa. Here Eá¸agajÄdi Lepa a combination of five drugs i.e. Cakramarda, Kuá¹£á¹ha, Saindhava, Sará¹£apa, VÄyaviá¹…aga and Sauvira is selected for research purpose.
72 A REVIEW ON DIURETICS , *Prof. Sharma Shubham Diuretic drugs continue to attract the interest of renal physiologists not only for their intrinsic tubular effects but equally importantly for the insight that such studies provide into normal and abnormal mechanisms of renal function. Diuretics are the drugs which cause a net loss of sodium and water in urine. Diuretics are among the most widely prescribed drugs. Application of diuretics in the management of hypertension has outstripped their use in edema. Availability of diuretics has also had a major impact on the understanding of renal physiology.
73 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF CANCER , Dr. Twinkle Gupta, Dr. Poonam Gupta, Samiksha Sharma* Cancer which is marked by the uncontrolled multiplication of cells, has largely remained incurable due to its ability to spread rapidly and having a lot of complexities. The spread of disease is very rapid so remedial measures are to be taken at the earliest. In modern science treatment is aimed at killing the affected cells but it runs with the risk of affecting the neighbouring normal cells. Ayurvedic management helps to improve the quality of life of cancer patients and work as a supportive therapy even in critical patients. The rejuvenation and panchkarma therapies add life to such patients.
74 CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON DOOSHIVISHA – THE VICIOUS CYCLE IN HUMAN BODY , *Dr. Amrit Malik, Dr. Gouri V. Kulkarni and Dr. Chinky Goyal The advantage of modern hi-tech life has some hidden disadvantages as well. Everyday we consume thousand of toxins and poisons from food, drink and environment. These get saturated in our body and this undigested food, toxins and other impurities then slowly released into body showing symptoms of chronic poisoning as Dooshivisha. Their sources can be categorized as everyday toxins, household toxins and toxins at our workplace. They show dreadful symptoms like skin ailments, diseases like Chronic rhinitis, Arthritis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Low energy level, very little vitality. Ayurveda has the answer in a very organized manner. With change in our lifestyle, Regular Sharir Shodhana and daily detoxification of our body with treatment modalities will surely help us to reduce the threat of Dooshivisha to our body as well as our manas.
75 A SYSTEMIC REVIEW ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTED IN A PERIOD FROM 2014 TO 2018 IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF INDIA , Sravanthi Appikonda*, Lavanya Eli, Dhanush Bellapu and Padmalatha Kantamneni One of the main causes for the morbidity and the mortality in the world is Adverse Drug Reaction(s) [ADR]. Thalidomide tragedy is the best example for ADR after which international attention to patient safety was gradually increased. There was global occurrence of 10% of ADRs where 2% were reported in India. Major contributors for morbidity, mortality and hospitalization of patients and increasing economic burden of patients are ADRs. CDSCO and Pharmacovigilance play a key role in the identification of ADRS. This study was carried out by collecting different ADRs collected and reported by health care professionals at different places of India. Underreporting was the main problem in reporting an ADR which can be overcome by following spontaneous reporting system. Most vulnerable organs for ADRs are Gastrointestinal tract along with skin & appendages. Antimicrobials are the class of drugs which majorly causes ADRs. Adults and middle aged are common group of people affected due to ADRs. Causality, severity and preventability were calculated using different scales like WHO-UMC causality assessment scale, Naranjo causality assessment scale, Hartwig’s severity assessment scale and Schumock and Thornton Preventability assessment scale.
76 PERCIPIENCE OF BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS RISK OF LUNG CANCER , Akhila Yerubandi*, Sivakshari Makkapati, Sreenu Thalla, Padmalatha Kantamneni Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as the chronic lung disease which is progressive and irreversible obstruction of airway along with the episodes of acute exacerbations. It is a combination of Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. Lung cancer has become most leading cause of death in last few years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the COPD related type of cancer, which is most common type of lung cancer. COPD is the major health hazard affecting around 251 million people globally. Biological mechanisms include chronic inflammation, Oxidative stress and DNA damage and repair. Genetic mechanisms include genetic overlap, somatic mutations, DNA methylation, MicroRNA (miRNA) regulation and epigenetics. Formation of lung tumor is due to induction of various interleukins and cyclooxygenase -2. Oxidative stress has major role in lung cancer development. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) damages DNA and single strand breaks and sites are increased in COPD and the lung cancer. Somatic mutations may affect both lung cancer and COPD. Hyper methylation of both promoter and tumor suppressor genes occur in lung cancer. miRNA regulates about more than 60% of protein coding genes. DNA methylations and post-translational modifications of histones are observed in these changes. Biological mechanisms identified so far offers a target for development of particular therapeutic strategies that further improve the health of the patients.
77 A REVIEW ON ROLE OF PHARMACIST ON ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS , Chaithra Vemparala*, Tabitha Sharon, Sreenu Thalla and Padmalatha Kantamneni Adverse drug reaction (ADR) defined as harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from intervention due to the use of medicinal product which may produce hazard from future administration. The incidence of ADRs was being increased from 3.7% to 30%. The studies report that ADRs account for 5% of hospital admissions and seen in 10-20% of hospitalized patients. Incidence of serious ADRs was 6.7% and fatal ADRs were 0.32% respectively. ADRs account for 4.2-30% of hospital admissions in United States and Canada, 2.5-10.6% in Europe and 5.7-18.8% in Australia. The pharmacist must assist in monitoring the safe and effective use of medication and reduce the occurrence of ADRs. As the pharmacists have vast knowledge of therapeutics and pharmacology of medications they can detect and monitor the ADRs and other medication related problems. Pharmacists should work together with other health care professionals to increase reporting of ADRs in hospital and community settings.
78 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS AND IMMUNOMODULATION IN AYURVEDA WITH HELP OF RASAYANA AS IMMUNOMODULATOR , Vd. Sandeep K. Patel* and Vd. Sunil B. Patil Immunology, today is one of the fastest growing topics in Medicine and Biology. Its significance has grown more, because of the growing significance of immune strength and resistance against different diseases. It is found that spicy-food, fermented food, bakery products, alcohol consumption is increasing and on the other hand hard work becoming sedentary, but mentally stressful. Unhealthy competition and unnatural high aims increasing tension in life. This has resulted the emergence of a wide range of immunological diseases. It is interesting to observe that, the ancient Ayurvedic texts show a clear description of the foundations of immunology thousands of years Ago. Ayurveda describes the ojas which is the essence of all the seven dhatus of the body and is responsible for the immune strength of an individual, classically known as Oja-Bala and Vyadhikshamatva which refers to natural and acquired immunity. There are clear descriptions available in Samhita’s about the three broad categories of immune disorders, namely Oja-vyapat, Oja-visramsa, and Oja-kshaya. The texts describe Rasayana Tantra which is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda. The present review article critically examines the available literatures to evaluate the ancient concepts of early Ayurvedic Immunology in the light of recent developments.
79 DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF PRAMEHA W.S.R.T. DIABETES MELLITUS , Vd. Shivangi J. Mishra*, Vd. Balaji S. Sawant and Vd. Janhavi Alwe Ayurveda emphasizes strongly on preventive and promotive aspect of Health rather than curative. Centuries ago, Ayurveda laid the concept for healthy living like Dinacharya (Daily regimen for healthy living), Ritucharya (Seasonal regimen), Sadavritta (Moral conducts) and Achara Rasayana (Social conducts) and also established guidelines for healthy dietary and healthy lifestyle, but in the current era hardly any individual follow it. As a result, there is tremendous rise in the lifestyle disorders like Obesity, diabetes, CKD, Hypertension, etc.[1] Type-II Diabetes, major non-communicable disease is the 7th leading cause of death and is a major cause of Heart disease, stroke, Kidney disease, Lower limb disease, blindness, etc. Prevalence of Diabetes in 2011 censes, 5.3% of Indian population >65yrs of age.[2] Aim- To bring into limelight the Ayurvedic dietary for the prevention of Type-II Diabetes.
80 LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA PLANT EXTRACT AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS , R. Selva Seematti* and V. Prabakaran Aedes aegypti is a vector for transmitting several tropical fevers which include dengue virus and the virus spread to other disease including mosquito salivary gland. Whereas Culex quinquefasciatus found in eutropic water of artificial containers and in open pond, diectuss train of sewage. It is important to develop the non-toxic and inexpensive method to conclude the mosquito larvae using medicinal important plant extract such as Azadirachta indica and Tridax procumbens. The larvae were categorized based on their prey size such as 4th instar larvae of both species. Tridaax procumbens revealed larval growth incubation were as Azadirachta india extracts as bio-pesticides and as natural insecticides proved to be an efficient and inexpensive and non-toxic method for control of mosquito. The percentage of prey killed of culex quinquefasciatus at 5% concentration revealed 82% at 10mg/ml and At different concentration of the Azadirachta indica leaf observed for the period of 24 hours exposed to the prey density of 25 showed an increased percentage of prey killed of 90%. The larvae mortality rate at 10 mg/ml of leaf extract found exhibit at maximum activity against Aedes agypti. The results demonstrate and excellent activity which contributes to rare opportunity of natural control. Similary, Tridaax procumbens showed increased the higher larval (culex quinquefasciatus) mortality was found to 62% at the concentration of 10mg/ml and Aedes agypti percentage of prey killed was found to be 74% at the concentration of 10mg/ml.
81 IMMOBILIZATION OF XYLANASE IN PVA-ALGINATE MATRIX AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION , Anil R. Shet, Sanjana More, L. R. Patil, Sharanappa A.*, V. S. Hombalimath and Gururaj Tennalli A cheap and non-toxic synthetic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used for enzyme immobilization. In this study immobilization of xylanase in PVA–alginate beads were developed and treated with sodium sulfate which prevented agglomeration and produced beads of high gel strength and conferred enzyme protection from inactivation by boric acid. Further immobilized Xylanase was characterized with respect to pH, temperature, incubation time and substrate concentration and compared with free Xylanase. The immobilized Xylanase activity was found to be lower than the free Xylanase activity. The activity was found to be highest at pH of 6, temperature of 55oC, incubation time of 40 min and substrate concentration of 1.1mg/ml.
82 OXIDATIVE STRESS FOLLOWING INTOXICATION OF COPPER SULPHATE AND POTASSIUM DICHROMATE IN ALBINO RATS , Pushpendra Tiwari, Prabhu Narain Saxena and Brijender Bhushan* Trace heavy metals are integral components of body cells and responsible for various metabolic reactions. In addition, they are also a part of broad variety of consumer products. Any alteration in their level with in the body of an organism can prove fatal. It is thus very important to use and release them within appropriate limits. Present study deals with the toxicity assessment in terms of oxidative damage, of two broadly used trace heavy metals, copper and chromium. Albino rats have been selected as experimental animals in this study. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), lipid peroxidase (LPO), Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and metallothioneins have been selected as parameters to assess the oxidative damage. ATPase has been found to decrease biochemically within the liver and serum of intoxicated rats, where as other selected parameters showed an increasing pattern. This may be a consequence of the oxidative stress caused by these two trace heavy metals respectively. These biochemically analyzed numerical values were positively correlated together.
83 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF YOGARAJ GUGGULU AND SIMHNAD GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA , Dr. Sheetal Gupta MD Swasthvrit* Ayurveda is one of the most ancient systems of life, health and cure. Ayurveda is a highly evolved and codified system of life and health science based on its own unique and original concept and fundamental principles. In the present era due to change in life style, diet habits leads to many health problems. One such problem is Amavata. The Therapeutic protocol in the present study includes 30 patient which was divided into 2 groups. In the study both male and female patients with irrespective of age, presenting with different clinical signs and symptoms of Amavata was taken and treated with trial drug Yograj Guggulu and Simhnad Guggulu 3 gm BD with luke warm water for a period of 21 days and condition was recorded every 10 days.
84 ASSESSMENT OF FIXED DOSE COMBINATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES , Mohammad Rehana Begum* Aim: The study aims at assessing fixed dose combinations in cardiovascular diseases. Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes hypertension, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. Fixed dose combinations (FDC) are the drugs with more than one drug in fixed ratio with valid therapeutic principles. Methodology: A number of effective therapies reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Hyderabad for 8 months from November 2017 to June 2018. During this period a total of 150 prescriptions were collected and analysed. Results: The study is comprised of 57% males and 43% females with more than 50% of patients being obese. 2110 FDCs are prescribed and all of them were Branded products. The total No. of FDCs prescribed were 69.95% and 30.04% were of Repeated FDCs Drugs. The number of combinations were 56.66% of FDCs were Two drugs combination, 42% of FDCs were Three drugs combination, 1.34% of FDCs were More than three drugs. The margin of error of repetitive drugs is in between 0.53%-1.70%. 23% of cases were the highest comorbid percentage assessed for Hypertensive patients. 24% of cases are having a social background of consuming both alcohol and smokers. The highest number of FDCs prescribed were Antihyperlipidemic and Antiplatelet
85 EFFECT OF TRIYUSHNADI ANJANA VARTI IN MANAGEMENT OF PISHTAK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PINGUECULA , Vd. Pallavi N. Joshi* and Vd. A. P. Vaijwade Pishtak is one of the Shuklagata Netraroga described by Ayurveda Acharyas in texts like Sushruta Samhita, Ashtang Hridaya etc. Pishtak can be compared to Pinguecula. Clinical feature of Pishtak is that it appears like a raised and circular dot on white coat of eye and complaining of dry eyes, itching, burning feeling or scratchy or Foreign Body sensation. The disease is more common in outdoor workers and people living in hot climates. In modern science there is no specific treatment. Only lubricating drops are given which gives temporary relief but recurrence occurs frequently. According to Ayurveda Pishtak is aushadhisadhyavyadhi. Acharya Sushruta described many Anjana Kalpas in Uttartantra for various eye diseases. Triyushnadi Anjana Varti described in Shleshmabhisyanda Pratishedham Adhyay Uttartantra of Sushrut Samhita. According to some Acharyas the treatment of Pishtak has been followed as the treatment of kaphaja Abhisyanda. The formulation of Triyushnadi Anjana contains drugs Triphala, Trikatu, Haridra, Vidanga. The drugs used in Triyushnadi Anjana are mostly Katu Rasatmaka and Katu Rasatmaka drugs play important role in Lekhana karma. So this Triyushnadi Anjana Varti acts as Lekhana Anjana on Pishtak. It expels the doshas from eye to make eye clean, light, free from discharge.
86 EFFICACY OF PRATIMARSHA NASYA IN PREVENTION OF AKALA PALITYA W.S.R TO PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIR , *Sagar Sharma and Guheshwar B. Patil Aim- Hair has a tendency to lose its natural color with advancing age. It is therefore natural for the hair to turn grey with age. But premature greying is a morbid condition and it makes even the young looks older. This causes a great deal of concern to the affected persons. akala palitya is a burning problem as large number. According to W H O, in India, its incidence is high in the age group of 20-30 years. Acharya vagbhata while mentioning the treatment of palitya told nasya as the first line of treatment and many acharyas have mentioned pratimarsha nasya with anu taila is one of the best ways for prevention and treatment of akala palitya. thus this drug was considered for the study. Methods, A total of 30 patients were selected from O,P,D of S,J,G,A,M ,College after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the 30 patients were included in a single group and were advised pratimarsha nasya karma with anu taila twice a day for 90 days. Follow up was taken during treatment, Assessment of results was done by considering the base line data of subjective and objective parameters. Results: in this study, all 30 patients had satisfactory response to the treatment. However no more increase in greying of hair was observed during the treatment period by which we can draw conclusion that anu taila pratimarsha nasya prevents greying of hair
87 A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF VAMANA DHAUTI AND AMALAKI CHURNA IN AMLAPITTA , *Anil Kumar Patel and Guheshwar B. Patil Background: The period of 21st century is regarded as the era of fast technology and tough competition. The man of this era is becoming prey to series of life style disorder which are much more bothering than the infective diseases. The altered life style activities like fried food, night shifts, mental stress, addictions etc. are the major risk factors for Amlapitta. Amlapitta, also known as Hyperacidity is generally a result of incorrect and irregular eating habits and it is one of the common ailments seen in many people. Methodology of intervention: 30 Patients excluding dropouts were selected and were divided in to 2 groups by random sampling method. Patients were assessed by using Subjective parameters and severity of clinical conditions before, after treatment and follow up. study duration was total 60 days, Treatment duration was 30 days, Follow up period-30 days (once in a forth night) for Group-A: Vamana Dhauti was advised twice in a week for 30 days. Group-B: Vamana Dhauti was advised twice in a week and Amalaki Churna, with the dose of 4gm TID with water before food. Interpretation: Amalaki is Having Sheeta Guna, Sheeta Veerya, Madhura Vipaka, Tridosha Shamaka. So Amalaki Churna may be beneficial in clinical conditions of Amlapitta. Choice for the clinical condition that are related with the gastrointestinal tract. Among Shatkriyas, Vamana Dhauti is the best possible wash to the digestive system from stomach to the mouth. It helps to maintain the homeostasis of the stomach through its cleansing effect. In Group ‘B’ after one month of treatment, 9 Patients showed mild response (60%), 6 Patient showed moderate relief (40%), and No Patients showed improvement, marked or complete relief. Hence by considering overall result, in the present study the effect of Amalaki Churna with Vamana Dhauti was more beneficial.
88 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTI-MICROBIAL AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF OCIMUM BASILICUM , Asha Monica A.* and Senthilkumar S. R. Ocimum basilicum Linn (Lamiaceae) is familiar as a plant having healing properties and has received consent to be used for variety of ailments in many countries The aqueous soxhlet extract which is ordinarily utilized in folkloric drug, while methanol and hexane soxhlet concentrates were exposed to phytochemical screening, the phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed that steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, oils, terpenoids are present. The phytochemical investigation of other two fractions contains glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, oils and terpenoids. In addition, hexane extract contains reducing sugar and tannin. O. basilicum were found to possess antioxidant and In vitro antibiotic activity against E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus sps, Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans at high doses, in conclusion, this study has shown that O. basilicum contain primary and secondary metabolites that can be pharmacologically useful as well as posses some antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties.
89 IRIMEDADI TAILA AS A MEDICINE TO TREAT PLAQUE INDUCED GINGVITIS. , Dr. Sheetal Gupta* and Dr. Neha Pagyal Ayurvedic drugs have been used since ancient times to treat diseases including periodontal diseases. Oral rinses made from Ayurvedic medicines are used in periodontal therapy to control bleeding and reduce inflammation. To evaluate the efficacy of herbal preparation (Irimedadi Taila) on reduction of plaque induced gingivitis, a total of 100 volunteers with clinical signs of mild to moderate gingivitis were selected. The patients were instructed to use 2-3 drops of Irimedadi Taila and gently massage the gums twice daily for 21 days. Results showed that gingival bleeding index. Irimediadi Taila is effective in treatment of plaque induced gingivitis and can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy.
90 ASSESSING INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS BUILD UP ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ZN NUTRIENT IN SOILS AND ITS FORTIFICATION ON PADDY CROP (ORYZA SATIVA, VAR.MTU-1010) AS DIRECT AND RESIDUAL EFFECT , Shankaraiah Mekala*, Chandini Patnaik Mantri, Surendra Babu Pasupuleti and RamPrasad Mullapudi The continuous and indiscriminate use of P-fertilizers resulted in accumulation of High P-soils throught the state of Andhra Pradesh was estimated to 42 per cent. This affects the availability of zinc to rice crop. Zinc and Phosphorous interaction was to be antagonistic. In view of the increased P-accumulated soils, the information generating on availability of cationic micronutrients in soils and their nutrition is essential to maintain the balanced fertilization to increase the productivity of the crop. Grain yield of paddy in the direct crop ranged from 4.75 to 6.17 q /ha, where as only in foliar spray it was 5.15 q /ha with a mean of 5.54 q /ha, There was significant increase in yields by Zn application over control. There was no significant difference in yields between control (4.75 q /ha), 25 kg ZS/ha (5.24 q /ha) and soil application of 50 kg 25 ZS / ha (5.89 q /ha) and 75 kg ZS / ha (6.05 q /ha). Foliar sprays with 3 rates doses have significant increase over the control. The percent response was varied from 8.67 to 29.89; the highest was at Soil Application of 75-kg ZS/ha + 3-Foliar Sprays treatment. In residual Rabi rice, the yield was ranged from 4.43 to 5.65 q /ha and there was significant increase in the yields from 20 kg ZS /ha to 70 kg ZS /ha along with 3 foliar spray. Straw yields ranged from 5-11 to 6.96 and 4.84 to 6.71 q /ha and response was varied from 10.37 to 36.01 and 7.85 to 38.64 percent. The effect of Zn on residual crop was significant increase in the yields from 20 kg ZS /ha to 70 kg ZS /ha along with 3 foliar spray. The phosphorus content in the grain samples of direct crop ranged from 0.30 to 0.45 per cent. The highest P content was in 75 kg ZS/ha with 3 foliar sprays as well in residue crop( 0.25 to 0.42 per cent). Zinc content in the index leaves increased with increasing in zinc levels from 25 kg ZS to 50 kg ZS as basal and along with foliar sprays in conjunction with soil application both in direct and residual crops over the control i.e. from 14.21 to 22.17 in direct and 14.42 to 17.92 per cent in residual crop where as in foliar sprays, it was increased greatly i.e. from 19.9 to 22.17 in direct and 14.86 to 15.84 per cent in residual crop. The extent of fortification was observed in soil application of 50 kg ZS/ha along with 3-foliar sprays of zinc (56.02) in direct crop.
91 PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA L. AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY , Dr. Wadavkar D. S.*, Gadhave S. R., Palave S. A. and Chavan S. J. Nanotechnology has now started to develop a new route for changing of our day to day life. The new eco-friendly â€•greenâ€– methods of synthesis are being discovered for increasing demands commercial nanoparticles. Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles offers single step, easy extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by change in colour from pale green to reddish brown. Further, a peak between 400 nm to 440 nm was obtained on UV-Vis spectrometer which confirmed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. XRD have been used to investigate the morphology of prepared AgNPs. The peaks in XRD pattern are associated with that of face-centered-cubic (FCC) form of metallic silver. FTIR was performed to identify the functional groups of carboxylic acid, carbonyl, hydrocarbon, alkane, hydroxyl, unhydride, ester, ketone, alkenes nitro, alcohol, phenol, ether and monosubstituted benzene molecule which form a layer covering AgNPs and stabilize the AgNPs in medium. The antibacterial activity against different bacteria likes Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and control were reported.
92 STANDARDIZATION OF THE DURVADI LEPA , Dr. Ravindra B. Atram*, Dr. Smita S. Kolte, Dr. Shrawan N. Kamble, Dr. Jayshree N. Kolhe and Dr. Yogesh L. Manani Durvadi Lepa which contains Durva, Chakramarda, Tulasi, Haritaki and Saindhav lavana has described in Chakradatta in the management of Kushtha. In this formulation mostly drugs have Kushtaghna and Chakramarda is also mentioned as a ringworm plant having Dadrughna (antifungal) action. Here to Treat Dadru (Ringworm) local application of Durvadi Lepa is selected. The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product Durvadi Lepa to conform its identity, quality and purity. The pharmacognostical work of Mixture of Durvadi Lepa reveals that presence of fragments of border pitted vessels annular and spiral vessels; fibres, simple and compound starch grains, Prismatic crystals, Silica deposits, A normocytic stomata, seriated unicellular trichomes, Rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, epidermal cells with stomata, parenchyma cell with starch grain, fibres, xylem & phloem, oil globules, Mesocarp cells, Simple pitted vessels and Scalariform vessels had observed microscopically from Mixture of Durvadi Lepa. Organoleptic features of Durvadi Lepa made out of the crude drugs were within the standard range as mentioned in the classic. Foreign matter was NIL, Loss on drying (110Ëšc) was 5.45%w/w, Total Ash Value was 32.22 % w/w, Acid insoluble Ash value was 3.88%w/w, and Methanol soluble extraction was 8.35 % w/w and water soluble extraction was 45.51% w/w.
93 TOOTH SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE – A CASE REPORT , Dr. Shannon Fernandes*, Dr. Pranav V. Mody, Dr. Brijesh Shetty, Dr. Manoj Kumar A. D. The preservation of supporting teeth for overdenture abutments provides an acceptable and a very efficient pros-thetic treatment. However, preservation of tooth requires that proper diagnosis and treatment planning be ensured for a long-term denture performance. The implants or modified natural teeth provides additional support, stability; and retention of the overdenture than the edentulous ridges alone can provide. This is particularly of great ad-vantage in the mandibular arch, where edentulous ridges may resorb at a rate four times greater than that of the maxillary arch. Retaining natural teeth as abutments for overdentures can considerably reduce the progress of re-sidual ridge resorption. The stress concentration is also shared between the denture bearing areas and the abutment teeth present.
94 THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF KHADIRA (ACACIA CATECHU) IN EKAKUSTHA (PSORIASIS) , *Dr. Tania Magotra and Dr. Twinkle Gupta Khadira [Acacia catechu] is considered as the best remedy for the treatment of skin disorders in Ayurveda system of medicine. The gummy extract of Acacia catechu is applied to the patient of Ekakustha (psoriasis) orally since ancient time. The present study aimed to clinically evaluate the therapeutic effect of khadira in Ekakustha (Psoriasis). 40 Patients suffering from Psoriatic skin disorders were selected strictly based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. A dry powder of black catechu 3 gms twice daily was administered to the selected patients. PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) was applied in before and after treatment to assess the treatment effect. The measurement was done based on three major clinical criteria, i.e., erythema, induration, and desquamation. Obtained effects in terms of numerical measurement of PASI were evaluated statistically. Results showed highly significant (P<0.001) effect of Khadira in Ekakustha vis-à-vis Psoriasis.
95 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MEDOHAR GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA (OBESITY) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYPERLIPIDEMIA , Dr. Jasvinder Kour* and Dr. Sheetal Gupta Ayurveda is most ancient of medical science. In Ayurveda, sthaulya has been described since very early days in various Samhitas, Songraha Granthas etc. Sthaulya (obesity) is one such life style disease. As a disease entity it is multi-factoral metabolic disorders, is very near to Medoroga / Sthaulya of Ayurveda. Medohara Guggulu is an antiobesity herbal medicine and harmonizes the body for proper digestion of the food and helps in controlling the weight.
96 EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH AND NPK PHONSKA FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNG BEAN (PHASEOLUS RADIATUS) , Saur Ernawati Manik, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe, Orleans Ginting, Murni Sari Rahayu, Syamsafitri, Arif Anwar, Indra Gunawan, Mindalisma, Mahyuddin, Dedi Kusbiantoro, Khairunnisyah, Dian Hendrawan, Surya Dharma, Miranti, Mahyu Danil, M. Nuh, and Wan Bahroni Jiwar Barus Increased yield of mung beans can be done in various ways, including by providing organic and inorganic fertilizers, namely the provision of rice husk ash combined with NPK fertilizer. The study was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture of UISU, Johor Building, Medan, North Sumatra with a height of ± 25 m above sea level with flat topography. This study aims to determine the effect of giving rice husk ash and NPK Phonska fertilizer on the growth and yield of mung beans. This research used a factorial randomized block desig with three replications with variables of plant height, number of branches, pods number, flowering age, and root dry weight. The results showed that the application of rice husk ash and NPK Phonska fertilizer independently was able to increase the growth of green beans with a dose of 75 g/polybag and NPK Phonska fertilizer 40 g/polybag. While rice husk ash and NPK Phonska fertilizer combination has not been able to increase growth and yield of mung beans. Based on the regression equation, the optimum dose of rice husk ash and NPK Phonska fertilizer to increase plant height and number of branches of mung beans are 69.33 g/polybag, 39.67 g/polybag, 38.75 g/polybag, and 32.00 g/polybag, respectively.
97 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA FROM EDIBLE VEGETABLES SOLD IN NNEWI MARKETS, ANAMBRA STATE , Nwachukwu Anthonia Chinwe*, Ekejindu Ifeoma M., Ochiabuto Ogochukwu M. Barbara, Okwelogu Izunna Somadina and Okpara Vivian Chinenye Vegetables are dietary source of nutrient, vitamins and fiber for human growth and development cultivated with irrigation water and sewages which can cause contamination. A cross sectional study on molecular characterization of bacteria from edible vegetables and tubers sold in Nnewi markets in Anambra State was conducted. A total of 360 vegetable samples obtained from 8 kinds of vegetables from two markets (Nkwo-edo and Orie- agbor) were used. Bacterial contamination was accessed by serial dilution- pour plate method, identified and significant count done. Some bacteria were further identified molecularly with Proteinase K enzymatic method, sequenced according to NCBI blast nucleotide sequence, and blasted with program selection optimized for highly similar sequences (Megablast). Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighborjoining method in the Geneious package (version 9.0.5). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.Results revealed that out of 360 vegetables sampled, 17 (9.2%) were contaminated with bacteria which include Escherichia coli 4(4.1%), Pseudomonas species 5(1.4%), Enterococcus gallinarum 4 (1.1%), Proteus species and Klebsiella pneumonia 3(0.8%), Enterobacter species 2 (0.5%), Alcaligenes feacalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Sporosarcina contaminans, and Ochrobacterum anthropi 1(0.3%). Highest occurrence of bacteria in vegetables from Orie-agbor market and Nkwo-edo markets were Proteus sp. 1(6.6%) and Pseudomonas sp. 3(1.6%), while most contaminated vegetable were Daucus carota (carrot) 3 (13.6%) and Latuca sativa (Lettuce) 4 (17.4%). Phylogenic analysis of bacteria based on nucleotide sequence of part of the 16srRNA showed numbers of occurrences of repetitive groups with T1_907-R(C02.8.abI , T2_907-R(D02.11.abI;T3_907-R(E02.14.abI;T4_907-R(F02.1`7.abI, T6_907-R(G02.20.abI, T7_907-R(H08.23. abI, T8_907-R(H02.23.abI ,T9_907-R(A09.03.abI, and T10_907-R(AO3.abI isolates having similar sequence with some stored isolates in the gene bank with several accession numbers.Contaminated vegetables from Nnewi markets contain pathogenic bacteria isolates which can serve as possible source of gastroenteritis. It is necessary that preventive awareness should be created in the area.
98 ANTIFUNGAL ASPECTS OF BURKHOLDERIA SP.VIMP04 (JQ867373) INHIBITING SOIL-BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF SUGARCANE , Dr. Shrikumar Vijaykumar Mahamuni* The objective of the present study was to investigate antifungal features of Burkholderia sp.VIMP04 (JQ867373) by dual culture and agar well diffusion methods against Ceratocystis paradoxa, the causative agent of pineapple disease of sugarcane. Culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract obtained from culture supernatant of Burkholderia sp.VIMP04 (JQ867373) showed prominent antifungal activity. HPLC analysis confirmed that bacterium produced different organic acids including acetic, oxalic and formic acids. Acetic acid was predominantly produced by the bacterium. The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract revealed that antifungal fraction contained 09 principal compounds including tetratetracontane, 10-Heneicosene, eicosene 7-hexyl, cyclohexane (6-cyclopentyl-3-(3- cyclopentylpropyl) hexyl, heptadecane 9-hexyl and other fatty acid-, alcoholic- and phtalic acid derivatives. Hence the culture under study can be used as biocontrol agent.
99 ANTIFUNGAL ASPECTS OF BURKHOLDERIA SP.VIMP04 (JQ867373) INHIBITING SOIL-BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF SUGARCANE , Dr. Shrikumar Vijaykumar Mahamuni* The objective of the present study was to investigate antifungal features of Burkholderia sp.VIMP04 (JQ867373) by dual culture and agar well diffusion methods against Ceratocystis paradoxa, the causative agent of pineapple disease of sugarcane. Culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract obtained from culture supernatant of Burkholderia sp.VIMP04 (JQ867373) showed prominent antifungal activity. HPLC analysis confirmed that bacterium produced different organic acids including acetic, oxalic and formic acids. Acetic acid was predominantly produced by the bacterium. The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract revealed that antifungal fraction contained 09 principal compounds including tetratetracontane, 10-Heneicosene, eicosene 7-hexyl, cyclohexane (6-cyclopentyl-3-(3- cyclopentylpropyl) hexyl, heptadecane 9-hexyl and other fatty acid-, alcoholic- and phtalic acid derivatives. Hence the culture under study can be used as biocontrol agent.
100 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL ZINC INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND STUNTING IN 6 MONTH OLD INFANTS , *Dr. Saad Tawfeeq Najm and Dr. Ahmed Oraibi Salman Stunting is a form of malnutrition that has an impact on decreased learning achievement, motor, mental and intellectual development. Exclusive breastfeeding is a perfect nutrition for the First 1,000 days of life for normal growth. Maternal nutritional status also plays an important role for the success of breastfeeding whose indicators are measured by the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the nutritional status of children. Adequacy of zinc is an important micronutrient during the child's growth period to prevent growth failure. The current study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal zinc intake, nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and stunting in 6 month old infants. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fallujah Teaching Hospital on 90 infants aged 6 months and their mothers. Zinc intake data was obtained by the 24 hours recall. Body mass index was used to obtain data on maternal nutritional status. The stunting data measured by microtoise, and the other information were collected in a questionnaire form. Exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.53; p=0.192) and maternal zinc intake (OR=0.83; p=0.913) directly decreased the risk of stunting in infants. Maternal BMI indirectly affected the risk of stunting in infants through exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.28; p=0.006). It can be concluded that exclusive breastfeeding and maternal zinc intake directly decrease the risk of stunting in infants. Maternal BMI (Body Mass Index) indirectly affects the risk of stunting in infants through exclusive breastfeeding.
101 STUDY THE LEVELS OF NITRIC OXIDE, MALONDIALDEHYDE AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AMONG TERM NEONATES WITH SEPSIS , *Dr. Ahlam Mohammed Jawad Ibrahim, Dr. Sahar Awad Hassan and Shatha Jaafer Naser Neonatal sepsis with its high mortality rate still remains a diagnostic and treatment challenge for neonatal health care providers. Sepsis represents an oxidative stress condition when occurs in neonates due to rapid changes in tissue oxygen concentrations with immature antioxidant mechanisms. Our study aimed to study serum levels of oxidants and antioxidants levels among term neonates with sepsis. This case-control study included 30 full term newborns with sepsis in addition to 30 healthy newborns as controls, recruited from NICU of the pediatric department at Al-Alawiya pediatric hospital. Full history, thorough clinical examination, complete blood count (CBC), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture were performed to all included patients. Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAO) were assayed to all included neonates using colorimetric methods. The overall results showed statistically significant higher serum levels of MDA and NO with lower TAO levels among septic neonates when compared with the controls (P value<0.01). Additionally, all the previously measured biochemical oxidative stress markers didn't show significant differences between early and late onset septic groups. It can be concluded from this study that there is a strong evidence of involvement of oxidative stress in neonatal sepsis, mainly NO, MDA and TAO, and could be helpful in its diagnosis. Also, targeting of therapeutic strategies towards the pro-oxidant pathways may be beneficial in neonatal sepsis.
102 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUDANESE IPOMOEA SINENSIS (CONVOLVULACEAE) OIL , Abdel Karim M.*, Shaza T., Um-Alhasan T. and Al-Hafez M. Ipomoea is a large and diverse genus in the family Convolvulaceae with more than 600 species mainly distributed through tropical and subtropical regions. Ipomoea species have a long history of traditional uses. Some of these species are nutritionally important In this study the oil from Ipomoea sinensis was studied by GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The GC-MS analysis showed twenty constituents. Major constituents are : 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(32.29%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (25.27%), methyl stereate(14.64%) and 9- octadecenoic acid methyl ester(7.32%),. In the cup plate agar diffusion assay, The studied oil showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
103 DETECTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING 2D- REGIONAL (SEGMENTAL) LONGITUDINAL STRAIN (RLS) COMPARED WITH CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENT WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME , Dr. Ghazi Farhan Haji, *Imad Mahmood Hussein, Dr. Wajih Qasim Taha Speckle-tracking echocardiography is a new noninvasive ultrasound imaging technique that allows for evaluation of global and regional myocardial function. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of regional (segmental) longitudinal strain by 2D - STE for pick up culprit vessels in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by detecting ischemic segments of the corresponding territories and its severity compared with coronary angiography as a gold standard, in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This cross sectional study was performed in Baghdad teaching hospital / Iraq during the period from March 2017 to March 2018 on (50) patients with (ACS) who underwent 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) for left ventricular regional longitudinal strain (RLS) immediately before invasive coronary angiography. Results showed that the mean age of patients was 57.2 (+ 7.9) years, regional longitudinal strain-speckle tracking showed that 38 patients had coronary artery disease (CAD) and 12 patients had no CAD, versus coronary angiography which showed that 29 patients had CAD, while 21 patient had no CAD or non significant lesions. The validity of RLS according to coronary angiography showed 100% sensitivity, 57.1% specificity, 76.3% positive predictive value (PPV), 100% negative predictive value (NPV) and 82% accuracy. It can be concluded from the current study that (RLS) Speckle-tracking echocardiography technique has high sensitivity but with relatively low specificity in diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
104 COMBINATION CONCENTRATION OF LIME LEAVES EXTRACT AND GALANGAL RHIZOME ON MORTALITY OF AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE , Dr. Pius Weraman* and Yohanes Mau Abanit Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease and often appears to be Extraordinary Event as it spreads very fast and can cause death. Efforts to prevent DHF can be done by breakingup the life cycle of chemical vectors by utilizing lime leaves (citrus aurantifolia) and galangal rhizomes (Alpina galanga) which have the potential as natural larvicides because they contain chemical compounds consisting of limonoids, flavonoids and phenols. The City of Kupang is a yearlyendemic area of dengue where the cases of the disease has increased in the last three years. This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the combination of the concentration of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a pure experiment using a Completely Randomized Design as the research design. There were three treatments of concentration used, namely 0% concentration, LC50 combination of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome, LC90 combination of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome with a number of repetitions three times. The results of the study, the combination of LC50 of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome was able to cut off the life cycle of 19 larvae (76%), while the combination of LC90 of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome was able to completely cut off the larval life cycle of 25 larvae (100%). The result of the One-Way Anova Test analysis on the treatment of a combination of LC50 and LC90extracts of lime leaves and galangal rhizomes to Aedes Aegypti larvae mortality during 24 hours obtained sig (p) = 0.00 (p <0.05) showed that the combination of LC50 extract lime leaves and galangal rhizome and LC90combination of lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome have the effect of treatment on the number of larvae deaths of Aedes aegypti instar III and IV. The Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) analysis of the three treatment concentrations of Aedes aegypti larvae mortality showed a difference in treatment because a sig (p) = 0.00 (p <0.05) was obtained.
105 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUSARIUM SPP. ASSOCIATE WITH POTATO TUBER DRY ROT DISEASE: GROWTH RATE AND PATHOGENICITY IN RELATION TO ELICITATION OF PHYTOALEXINS IN INOCULATED TISSUES. , Maha H. Mohamed and *Dr. Mostafa H. Mostafa Potato tubers collected from different stores in Cairo Governorate and stored at laboratory conditions showed the occurrence of dry rot symptoms on high proportion of them accompanied by appearance of whit mycelia mats characterized Fusarium spp. Such fungi were isolated, purified and identified according to their morphological characters and identified as F. solani (5 isolates), F. semitectum (4 isolates), F. equisiti (5 isolates), F. oxysporum (5 isolates) and one unknown species. Pathogenecity test of such isolates on potato tuber slices Balmivore cv. indicated the presence of different degrees of virulence between isolates either belong to the same species or not. In general F. solani isolates showed the higher degree of verulance. Correlation coefficient between fungal growth and disease severity reached – 0.0624 indicating the absence of any relation between both phenomena. The ability of such isolates as phytoalexin elicitors was studied. Some isolates especially related to F. solani appeared more active than the others which belong to another Fusarium spp. Correlation coefficient between disease index and number of phytoalexin bands reached -0.15. However, it was noticed that Fusarium solani isolates which showed high disease index elicit the higher account bands of phytoalexins which mean that these compounds have relation with disease incidence.
106 THE USE OF DCR SILICON STENTS TO CORRECT PTOSIS WITH POOR LEVATOR ACTION DURING FRONTALIS SLING SURGERY , *Dr. Muthanna Abdul Khudhur, Nada Mohammed Fahad and Ghadah Hashim Hasan When levator function is poor or absent, frontalis sling is one of the preferred methods of treatment of ptosis. Various materials have been used for frontalis slings with varying results. The current retrospective study was performed in Al-Karama teaching hospital-Baghdad / Iraq during the period from 2014 to 2018, and aimed to find an effective, easily available and lasting frontalis sling material with minimal complications. DCR Silicone stents were used for brow suspension in cases of ptosis with poor levator action (less than 5 mm) in the form of a single rhomboid like in FOX method with slight modification. Retrospectively all the records of these patients were retrieved and the surgical results studied and analyzed. Mean follow up period was 2.6 years. Good long term functional results (assessed in terms of eyelid height, skin crease depth, eyelid contour and patient satisfaction) and achieved in 33 eyelids [90%]. Under correction was noticed in 3 eyelids [8%]. Re-surgery was done for these patients and all of them improved well. Lagophthalmos and mild corneal exposure were noticed in 6 eyelids which improved after the use of artificial tear eye drops and ointments. It can be concluded from this study that Silicone DCR stents tube is good alternative to AFL as a frontalis sling material as its functional results (90%) almost match that of AFL. In addition it has lesser complications compared to many other synthetic sling materials available. Compared to AFL, it has the advantage of avoiding second incision in the leg and can be done under local anesthesia.
107 MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY THROUGH VIRECHANA FOLLOWED BY GO-GHRITA: A CLINICAL STUDY. , Dr. Sheetal Gupta* and Dr. Rahul Sharma Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contraception couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in 1 year. Shodhana procedures are indicated in the case of Vitiation of Shukra. Go-Ghrita (cow Ghee) is a rejuvenator and aphrodisiac. Maximum preparations for the disease of Shukra and reproductive system are prepared in Go-Ghrita and reported to be useful in the management of infertility.
108 COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE CASES AND DEATHS OF ANTHRAX IN CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS FROM 1997 TO 2016 IN THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA , Dr. Mamadou Dian Diallo*, Youssouf Sidimé, Lansana Soumah and Mamadou Cellou Baldé The objective of this research is to make a comparative study between the cases of anthrax and the death of cattle, sheep and goats from 1997 to 2016 in the Republic of Guinea. The results obtained show the permanent frequency of sick and dead cattle in the areas visited with a significant difference between (a) and (c); (b) and (d); (ab) and (cd); (bc) and (de) but there is no significant difference between (a) and (ab); (b) and (bc); (c) and (cd); (d) and (de). Also, the number of sick cattle is not proportional to the number of dead cattle. Which means that among the sick there were treated and healed. In sheep, the disease cases between 2002 and 2006 are higher than in other years, this is due to the low immunization coverage and the poor application of sanitation measures and the improper management of corpses and other waste in affected areas. The number of deaths relative to the number of cases of disease in goats in the period 2002-2006 has increased remarkably. The lack of awareness of the symptoms of the disease by farmers and the lack of means to treat their animals must be at the root of this situation. Morbidity and mortality rates vary according to the years of observation, the highest peak was observed during the interval 1997 - 2001 while the lowest was recorded in 2012 - 2016. This indicates constantly improving vaccination coverage and strengthening the vigilance of agents of the Animal Disease Network in Guinea in endemic areas.
109 EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF SURVIVAL RATE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES UNDER DIFFERENT POLYTHENE TUBE SIZE , Sibhatleab Hintsa and Gebrekidan Abrha* In arid and semi-arid areas land rehabilitation was potentially affecting from poor survival rate due to moisture stress and short rainfall duration. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare survival rate and growth performance of selected indigenous tree species (Ziziphus spina-christi, Fadherbia albida, Tamarinadus indica and Acacia amara) at different pot size (8 cm, 10 cm, 12cm and 16 cm diameter size of polythen tube). The produced seedlings were transplanted to abergelle agricultural research station which found at gereb-giba. The sapling monitored for one year through recording their survival rate and height at every three month. The difference in polythen tube size doesn’t show significant different for all saplings. However, without considering the polythen tube size Tamarinadus indica and Acacia amara indicates better survival rate in the site. The plant height also doesn’t show significant difference for the diameter size across all transplanted species. This result suggests there could be a holistic study from seed collection to post plantation management activities.
110 METHODS TO PREPARE SOLID DISPERSIONS OF BCS CLASSIFIED DRUGSON THE UTILIZATION OF VARIOUS CARRIERS: AN UPDATED REVIEW , Dr. CH. Suryakumari*, S. Sureshbabu, S. K. Asha Begham, G. Durgarao, K. Venketeswerarao In preparation of formulation, the solubility factor remains a key concern. Now a day, many drugs especially in BCS class II and IV are observed to have less solubility. Among all solubility enhancing techniques practiced in pharmaceutical field, solid dispersions have proved to be most suitable for improving the bioavailability of these chemical entities. During the preparation of solid dispersion, carriers play a vital role in enhancing the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs. This article however reviews various methods and carriers used for the preparation of solid dispersion, with main emphasis on which carriers and methods have been widely used by researchers over the decades, till now.
111 DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING HYPOTHYROIDISM AMONG WOMEN IN, A.C.S MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, CHENNAI , Mrs. I. Roselin Anitha Margreat*, Mrs. Prof. M. Parameswari and Mrs. Dr. Hema V. H. Worldwide, prevalence of spontaneous hypothyroidism is between 1 and 2%, and it is 10 times more common in women than in men. (Vanderpump 2014). In India, Population-based study done in Cochin on 971 adult subjects revealed that the prevalence was higher in women (11.4%), when compared with men, in whom the prevalence was 6.2%. (Unnikrishnan 2011). In Tamilnadu, A total of 1292 subjects were screened of whom 161 subjects (12.5%) had abnormal TSH. (Velayutham 2015) .Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hypothyroidism among women.Find the Co-relation between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hypothyroidism among women.Find the association between the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hypothyroidism among women with their demographic variables.A Descriptive study was conducted over a period of 3-10-2018 to 29-10-2018 to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hypothyroidism among Women from A.C.S medical college and hospital, By using purposive Sampling technique total 50 samples, 2 to 3 samples visited the OPD every day . The data was collected using interview techniques with a questionnaire to assess Knowledge, Five point likert scale to assess the level of attitude, check list to assess the level of practice. At the end of the data collection information booklet was given to the study participants, the data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and interpretation were made on the basis of the objectives of the study. With regard to Level of Knowledge 17(34%) had Inadequate Knowledge, 30(60%) had Moderately Adequate Knowledge, 3(6.0%) had Adequate Knowledge. Level of Attitude 1(2.0%) had Not Concerned, 13(26.0%) had Quite Concerned, 36(72.0%) had Extremely Concerned. Level of Practice 17(34.0%) had Inadequate, 24(48.0%) had Moderately Adequate, 9(18.0%) had Adequate. The study concluded that majority 30% of women had moderately adequate knowledge, 36% of women had extremely concerned of attitude,24% of women had moderately adequate level of practice. The results can help the women with hypothyroidism understand various aspects of hypothyroidism management and follow up .It is the responsibility of the nurses to create understanding on the disease to reduce the complication related to hypothyroidism
112 REVIEW ON LIQUISOLID COMPACT TECHNIQUE , Tanzeel Majeed*, Mohd. Iqbal Bhat, Ganesh N. S. and Vineeth Chandy Dissolution of a drug and its release from the dosage form has basic impact on bioavailability. The active amount of the drug present at the target site depends upon solubility. The major challenge that the pharmaceutical industry is facing is the Solubility of the drug with the development of new pharmaceutical products.[1] There solubility can be enhanced by various approaches which includes micronization, Nanonisation, use of salt forms, use of surfactant, solid dispersion, and supercritical fluid recrystallization etc. Liquisolid technique is a latest and promising approach towards such novel drug delivery system, that the solubility of the insoluble drug moiety is enhanced by the using non-volatile solvents and hence improves the dissolution and bioavailability.[2] The experiment involves dissolving the insoluble drug into a non-volatile solvent and the mixture of a drug loaded solutions with appropriate carrier and coating materials are added to convert it into acceptably flowing and compressible powders.[3] The pharmaceutical medications such as solutions or suspensions which are water insoluble drugs in a suitable non-volatile liquid vehicles can be easily converted into powder form with acceptable flow properties and compression behaviour using suitable powder excipients.[4] The use of non-volatile solvent leads to improved wettability, improved solubility and ensures molecular dispersion of drug in the formulation. By using non-volatile solvents the release of the drugs can be modified by this technique, also solubility and dissolution rate can be improved, sustained drug delivery systems can be developed for the water soluble drugs.[5]
113 A REVIEW ON ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND SPECTRUM OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN CANCER PATIENTS , S. K. Jareena*, S. K. Hafeezunnisa, Sreenu Thalla and Padmalatha Kantamneni In cancer patients, there is psychological distress most of the time underdiagnosed. Infertility rates are as high as 90% in men during there reproductive years. Common psychological and emotional responses to cancer develop with its diagnosis, its prognostic uncertainty and fears about death and dying. Indian patients put karma/fate and sheer helplessness on its first diagnosis and its major sources of continuing emotional distress are fear of incurability, disfigurement, recurrence of disease and sense of helplessness over its treatment, pain. Non-utilization of the community-based cervical cancer screening program was due to the absence of symptoms, apprehensions about the screening test, pre-occupation with family problems, practical difficulties and lack of approval from the spouse. Depression and anxiety were common in people who do not have kids. Maybe kids not having itself is a factor for depression or anxiety but having kids also give a sense of social support to the patient and unmarried are with high anxiety levels.
114 A BRIEF REVIEW ON DEMENTIA -INFLUENCE OF HYPERTENSION ON IT , *Shailaja Kali, Idpuganti Sudheer Babu, Hemanth Kumar Muttevi, Manasa Pydi Dementia is world’s fifth leading cause of mortality. It is an term for several diseases affecting memory, other cognitive abilities and behavior. There are mainly three types of dementia are seen commonly allover the world, there are Vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease and Mixed dementia. Vascular dementia cover 40% in the whole dementia, Alzheimer's disease occupy nearly 60% of dementia but Mixed dementia is more prevalent it is due to other types of dementia are less prevalent. dementia is influenced by several factors like hypertension,age, obesity etc… but main risk factor is hypertension and it is also differ based on age as mid life hypertension seen in people of middle age 40-65years and late life hypertension see in people of 75years or above. In this article we come over about dementia, types of dementia with etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of each type and influence of hypertension on dementia with recent evidences through studies on it along with world wide and India wide future projections on incidence of dementia up to 2050 and recent age standardization death rates worldwide.
115 CHURG–STRAUSS SYNDROME: A REVIEW , *Prof. Savitha Mol G. M., Silvia Navis A. and Prasobh G. R. Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare diffusive granulomatous necrotizing small vessel vasculitis characterized by the presence of asthma, sinusitis, and hypereosinophilia. The cause of this allergic angiitis and granulomatosis is unknown. Other common manifestations are pulmonary infiltrates, skin, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular involvement. No data have been reported regarding the role of immune complexes or cell mediated mechanisms in this disease, although autoimmunity is evident with the presence hypergammaglobulinemia, increased levels of IgE and Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (positive in 40%). Th2 response is of special importance in the up regulation of different interleukins such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5. Th1 and Th17 responses are also of significance. Activated eosinophils have a prolonged survival and probably cause tissue damage by releasing eosinophil granule proteins, while their tissue recruitment can be regulated by chemokines such as eotaxin-3 and CCL17. The aim of this review is to find out the possibility of new therapeutic approaches to Churg- Strauss Syndrome.
116 A REVIEW ON CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) , Shrikrushna Subhash Unhale*, Quazi Bilal Ansar, Shubham Sanap , Suraj Thakhre, Shreya Wadatkar, Rohit Bairagi, Prof. Suraj Sagrule and Prof. Dr. K. R. Biyani Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with nonsegmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. Apart from infecting a variety of economically important vertebrates (such as pigs and chickens), six coronaviruses have been known to infect human hosts and cause respiratory diseases. Among them, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronaviruses that have resulted in regional and global outbreaks Coronaviruses possess a distinctive morphology, the name being derived from the outer fringe, or â€•coronaâ€– of embedded envelope protein. Members of the family Coronaviridae cause a broad spectrum of animal and human diseases. Uniquely, replication of the RNA genome proceeds through the generation of a nested set of viral mRNA molecules. Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Replication of HCoV is regulated by a diversity of host factors and induces drastic alterations in cellular structure and physiology. In this review all (as we possible) information about Corona viruses are given.
117 ARKA KALPANA - A DEVELOPING SCIENCE , Gite Shweta*, Kurkute B. R., Suryawanshi Renuka and Tapre Sachin Bhaishajya kalpana is the branch of Ayurveda which primarily deals with the different kinds of dosage form and their therapeutic utility. Among the large number of formulations specified by Acharya, the panchvidha kasaya kalpanas have great importance as they form the primary or basic dosage forms from which other secondary dosage forms are prepared. Arka kalpana is a very unique formulation in ayurvedic pharamaceutics for its method of preparation and efficacy. According to Ravana’s Arka Prakasha, the Panchvidha kalpanas include Kalka, Choorna, Rasa, Taila and Arka. Arka kalpana is given specific importance and it opines that it has more potency in comparison to the other kalpanas. It is most potent due to dosharahithatva and its specific gunas. Arka kalpana is now days famous kalpana among the ayurvedic procedures. It is introduced in Ayurvedic pharmacy in later paet of samhita period, which is very specific in its mode of preparation and therapeutic effect. So there arises a need to know the simplified procedures and methodologies involved in the preparation of this formulation which can be easily understandable and applicable both in industrial level as well as testing scientific laboratories.
118 EVALUATE THE BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND DETERMINE THE KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH BELIEF AMONG WOMEN FOLLOWING OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION PROGRAMME AT SELECTED COMMUNITY AREA, CHENNAI , Mrs. G. Jelin Elizabeth*, Mrs. Prof. Parameswari and Mrs. Dr. Hema V. H. Introduction: The skeletal system is the support structure of our body. Bones do a brilliant job to sustain our life which necessitates the importance of maintaining bone health. A healthy skeletal system with strong bones is essential to overall health and quality of life. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bone mineral density among women above 35 years and the effectiveness of Osteoporosis Prevention programme on the Knowledge and Health Belief regarding Osteoporosis among women, to find out correlation between Knowledge, Health Belief regarding Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density among women and association of the Knowledge, Health Belief regarding Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density among women with the selected demographic variables. Methods: Quasi experimental, post-test only design was adopted, samples were selected from Nazerthpet area and Meppur, ponnamalle, Chennai by using the purposive sampling technique, 30 sample were in study group, 30 sample were in control group. Osteoporosis Knowledge Questionnaire and Health Belief scale was used to assess the Knowledge and Health Belief regarding osteoporosis. For the study group investigator given education on prevention of osteoporosis foe 30 min weekly two times for 4 days. for control group the investigator did not give education. Post assessment was conducted on 14 days of the intervention. Result: BMD score revealed that 25(83.3%) had normal BMD and 5(16.7%) had osteopenia among women in the experimental group. During Post assessment, in study group experimental group, maximum 17(56.67%) were in the age group of 35 – 45 years, almost all were married, living in rural area. The overall posttest level of knowledge on osteoporosis among women revealed that, high level score of 17(56.67%) had adequate knowledge in the experimental group and 29(96.67%) had inadequate knowledge in the control group. The overall posttest level of Health Belief among women revealed that, 29(96.67%) had high level of Health Belief in the experimental group and 19(63.33%) had moderate level of Health Belief in the control group. The posttest mean score of knowledge in the experimental group was 21.77±4.53 and the posttest mean score in the control group was 4.50±3.71 test value of ‘t’ knowledge (t = 16.147) was found to be statistically highly significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: The study concludes that education on osteoporosis prevention Programme helps to improve the knowledge and modify their heath belief thereby adapting preventive behavior to reduce the occurrence of Osteoporosis.
119 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HYPOGLYCEMIA AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY AREA , Mahalakshmi L.* and Dr. Hema V. H. A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of information education communication on knowledge regarding hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes mellitus The 60 study samples selected by non probability sampling technique. The data collected with the help of demographic data, clinical variables and self structured questionnaire regarding hypoglycemia. The study results shows that after the IEC the level of knowledge improved as 80% had moderately adequate level of knowledge, 16.67% had inadequate level of knowledge and 3.33% had adequate knowledge in experimental group. The effectiveness of IEC is proved effective at p<0.05 level. The study conclude that the Nurses are health care providers actively involved in prevention and early detection of diabetes and its complications by conducting various education methods.
120 A STUDY ON DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS DUE TO POLYPHARMACY IN TERITARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN INDIA , Lakshmi Meghana Potluri*, Mohana Mudhitha Vadlapatla, Jyothirmayee Kongara, Dhanush Bellapu, Padmalatha Kantamneni The study was conducted to monitor the clinically significant complexity occur due to the use of multiple drug therapy which may further lead to drug drug interactions (DDI’S). Drug interaction generally refers to a modification of the expected drug response in the patient as a result of exposure of the patient to another drug or substance. DDIs became the commonest problem globally the overall DDIs which had occurred has been reported and recorded. The clinical outcomes may increase the risk of drug toxicity or increase adverse drug report (ADR). DDIs are divided into three groups depending on the underlying mechanism of interaction: pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic interactions. Polypharmacy is considered as one of the major risk factors in precipitation of DDIs. Patient population at high risk include the elderly and patients with co-morbidities as they are usually prescribed with more number of drugs. Critical evaluation of such prescriptions by pharmacist could result in identification and reduction of such problems.
121 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: KNOWLEDGE ON SEXUAL ABUSE AND ITS PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS , Vinutha G., *Arathi T. V. and Hemanth C. K. Sexual abuse or child molestation is one of the crimes which needs public attention. The number of sexual abuse cases among children has been increasingly reporting every year. Child sexual abuse will have adverse effect on both physical and mental health which hinders growth and development of child. It is not acceptable by the society thus; every member of the society should take initiation and be responsible in preventing sexual abuse. the purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of planned or structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding sexual abuse among adolescent girls aged between 13-15. An experimental study was conducted among 100 girls (experimental-50 & control-50) studying in Sri Bhakthanatha Swamy High School, BG Nagara. Samples were selected through systemic random sampling. STP was given only for experimental group. The knowledge score of the experimental group during the pre-test was 41.6%, whereas it increased to 86.13% during the post-test as an effectiveness of STP (t== 26.72, p<0.05 significant). Ongoing teaching and health education can further improve the knowledge of adolescent girls.
122 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF OXCARBAZEPINE USING DIFFERENT POLYMERS , Sadiya Firdouse* The aim of present investigation was to formulate and evaluate the sustained release tablets of Oxcarbazepine. These matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method using natural polymers like Aloes Powder,Gum copal, Gum dammar. In vitro drug release studies were performed by USP dissolution apparatus type II using 0.1N HCL buffer and 6.8 Phosphate buffer for 12hrs. Among all the 12 formulations Formulation F9 showed maximum drug release 99.53% for 12hrs study. It was observed from the kinetic studies that all the formulation followed Peppas-Release kinetics.
123 MANAGEMENT OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI, THROUGH BIOPESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME COMMON WEEDS OF NASHIK, MAHARASHTRA , Dr. Kirankumar R. Khandare* The present investigation has been undertaken to manage two fungal crop pathogens i.e Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum., through common weeds (Cocculus hirsutus L., Aristolochia bractiata, Achyranthus aspara L., Celosia argentea and Hemidesmus indicus.), which gave very better results as antifungal activity. Tridax procumbes L., Ageritum conyzoids, found more effective to manage pathogens at 25% concentrations of leaf extracts as a biopesticides.
124 AMELIORATIVE ROLE OF MIXED HYDRO-METHANOL SOLVENT EXTRACT (60:40) OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES ON CHROMIUM-INDUCED MEMBRANE DAMAGE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN COMPLEXES IN LIVER AND LUNGS , Durga Pada Dolai, Soumita Dey, Amit Nandi, Somenath Roy and Sankar Kumar Dey* Mitochondria are the crossroads of several crucial cellular activities; they produce considerable quantities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which can damage important macromolecules. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a Cr (VI) compound, is the most toxic form of chromium and has been demonstrated to induce toxicity associated with oxidative stress in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to elucidate the ameliorative effects of mixed hydro-methanol solvent extract at the ratio of 60:40 of Andrographis paniculata Nees on chromium-induced membrane damage and electron transport chain (ETC) in liver and lungs mitochondria. In this investigation, a group of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) were induced by intraperitonial injection of vehicle (0.9% NaCl), K2Cr2O7 (0.8 mg / 100 g body weight / day), K2Cr2O7 plus mixed hydro-methanol solvent extract in the ratio of 60:40 at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight daily at an interval of six hours after injection of K2Cr2O7 for a period of 28 days. Significantly decreased the Mito ETC Complex-I, II and III of Cr (VI) treated rats in liver and lungs mitochondria. On the other hand, increased the membrane cholesterol level but decreased the membrane phospholipid, membrane total ATPase and membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity in response to Cr (VI) toxicity in liver and lungs. The results of the present study suggest that the administration of mixed hydro-methanol solvent extract in the ratio of 60:40 significantly supplement the chromium-induced such alterations in rat’s liver and lungs.
125 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY OPTIC ATROPHY W.S.R TO VATAJ TIMIR – A CASE STUDY , Vd. Puja Sharadchandra Pandit* and Dr. Nisar Ali Khan Optic nerve shrinkage from any process that produce degeneration of axons in anterior visual (Retino-geniculate) pathway i.e. from retinal ganglion cells to lateral geniculate body, manifesting with disturbance in visual function. Primary optic atrophy refers to the simple degeneration of the nerve fibers without any inflammatory conditions within the eye. Primary Optic Atrophy can be co-related with the Vataj Timir in Ayurveda. Optic atrophy treatments in Ayurveda are aimed at preserving vision, slowing down or reserving the degeneration in the retina and optic nerve and treating the cause[1] The line of treatment of Primary Optic Atrophy (Vataj Timir) involves Netratarpan, Nasya, Basti (Majjabasti), Mrudu Virechana, Abhayantarh Snehapan, with systemic Dashamularishta, Ashwagandhasiddha dugdha, Saptamrit Loha.[2] These are curative measures for Vata dosha, which nourish nervous tissues and improve axoplasmic transport.
126 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA (DOSHANDHA)-A CASE STUDY , Dr. Shital Rajkumar Meshram* and Dr. A. P. Vaijwade Retinitis Pigmentosa is (RP) an inherited, degenerative eye disease that causes severe vision impairment due to the progressive degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells in retina. This form of retinal dystrophy manifests initial symptoms independent of age; thus, RP diagnosis occurs anywhere from early infancy to the adulthood. This primary pigmentary retinal dystrophy is a hereditary disorder predominantly affecting the rods more than the cones. The main classical triads of retinitis pigmentosa are arteriolar attenuation, Retinal bone spicule pigmentation and waxy disc pallor. The main treatment of retinitis pigmentosa is using Low vision aids and Genetic counselling. As such a complete cure for retinitis pigmentosa is not present. So a treatment protocol has to be adopted that helps in at least the symptomatic relief. In Ayurveda, the signs and symptoms of this can be compared with the Lakshanas of Doshandha which is one among the Drishtigata Roga. It is considered as a diseased condition in which sunset will obliterate the Drishti Mandala and makes the person blind at night time. During morning hours the rising sunrays will disperse the accumulated Doshas from Drishti to clear vision. This disease resembles Kaphajatimira in its pathogenesis, but the night blindness is the special feature. Since the disease is purely Kaphaja, a treatment attempt is planned in Kaphahara and Bruhana line. The present paper discusses a case of Retinitis Pigmentosa and its Ayurvedic Treatment.
127 ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM DISTEMONENTHUS BENTHAMIANUS BAILL (FABACEAE) SHEETS ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DIABETIC RATES. , Adélaide Ryta Mande Doue, Cassime Tiemoko*, Justine Tiekpa Wawa, Alain Dit Philippe Bidie and Noël Guédé Zihiri This work deals with the effect of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of stem bark of Distemonenthus benthamianus, family Fabaceae, on the evolution of some biochemical parameters in Wistar rats made diabetic with alloxane. Natural substances and compounds have shown great potential in the treatment of human diseases such as cancer, diabetes and infectious diseases. The stem bark of Distemonenthus benthamianus was harvested, dried, crushed and subjected to aqueous and hydroethanolic (70/30) extraction. After chemical screening the various extracts of Distemonenthus benthamianus at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) and amarel were administered by daily gavage for twenty-eight (28) days to forty (40) rats of albino wistar strains made diabetic with alloxane at a dose of 120 mg/kg; these rats were divided into eight batches of five rats each. At the end of treatment the animals were sacrificed and blood glucose, insulin, renal, lipid and cardiac parameters were determined. The phytochemical test of the different extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) of Distemonenthus benthamianus revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, glycosides (sterols and triterpenes), polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones. The results of the pharmacological study obtained show an improvement of the various biochemical parameters of rats treated with the hydroethanolic extract of Distemonenthus benthamianus at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Distemonenthus benthamianus could delay the onset of degenerative complications of diabetes.
128 EFFECTS OF LIQUID MANURE FROM "Lantana camara", COMFREY "Symphytum officinale", AND FARM, ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CARROT "Dacus carotta" Var. Nantes IN THE REGION OF VATOVAVY FITOVINANY IN MADAGASCAR , *Randriamampianina Noelison, Ravoniarison Nivohanintsoa E., Rakotoarimanana Vonjison This study aims to improve the productivity of carrot "Dacus carota" in “Vatovavy Fitovinany” region, in the southeastern part of Madagascar. Liquid manure from: "Lantana camara", comfrey "Symphytum officinale", farm, Lantana mixed with comfrey and Lantana mixed with farm, were used as fertilizer. They were watered at the foot of each carrot plant, at a rate of 0.5 liters repeated 3 times a week, on an experimental surface of 5 random blocks, each of which consists of 6 elementary plots of 3 m x 2.60 m. Mixed liquid manure from Lantana, comfrey and farm was more favorable for the growth in length of the leaves on the average of 48 cm. The highest average leaf weights were obtained with liquid manure from Lantana, comfrey and farm unmixed at the respective weight of 212 g, 211 g, 246 g compared to 46 g for the control. The different types of manure have significant effects on the average root weight. The carrot roots obtained after fertilization with comfrey manure have the highest average weight of 311 g compared to the control which is 48 g. Carrot root yield is almost six times higher when the crop was treated with these different manures. The best yield of 14.34 t / ha was obtained in plots fertilized with comfrey liquid manure, while for non-treated control plants, the yield was only 2.22t / ha.
129 VEGETATION COVER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT IN MEKARSARI BIODIVERSITY PARK , Dr. Merisa Nur Azmi*, Siti Badriyah Rushayati and Hendra Gunawan Mekarsari Biodiversity Park (MBP) is a form of green open space owned by Aqua Golden Mississippi Inc. which the function is to improve environmental performance in the context of protecting biodiversity. Changes in the use of vegetation land into built-up land in MBP and surrounding areas is happened because of increased housing needs and industrial activities. Land cover analysis is used to determine the area of tree vegetation per block in MBP. The value of air comfort was analyzed using the Temperature Humidity Index equation, then a simple linear regression analysis to determine the relationship of the THI value with the temperature and humidity values. Qualitative descriptive analysis is done to determine the perceptions of respondents that consist of factory employees and the public of temperature and humidity of the air at the observation site outside the MBP with a range of distances that are close, medium, and far from MBP. The study results obtained regression equation THI = - 5.43 + 0.982 T + 0.0598 RH, which means an increase in air temperature (T) by 1 ° C will increase THI by 0.982. Increasing humidity (RH) by 1% will increase THI by 0.0598. Decreased air comfort when getting further away from the MBP is also seen based on measurements of temperature and humidity in the field and THI calculations. The more away from MBP, the THI value increases and falls into the uncomfortable category.
130 MANAGEMENT OF DUSHTAPRATISHYAYA W.S.R. TO CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH CHATURJAT CHURNA PRADHAMAN NASYA AND VYOSHADI VATI - A SINGLE CASE STUDY , Vd. Gayatri Hemraj Bokade* and Vd. A. B. Deshmukh Dushtapratishyaya or Chronic Rhinosinusitis is very common complaints in clinical practice seen in urban places. This drags patient to doctor because of severe headache, purulent nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, foul smell through nose, heaviness and altered olfaction. Nasal congestion, prurulent discharch, altered secretion and blockage are chief events in Dushtapratishyaya. Elimination of mucous, reliving of obstruction, cleansing the channel is the line of treatment. The present case study is about female patient having Dushtapratishyaya. Acharya Yogratnakar has advised a Chaturjat Pradhaman Nasya in treatment of Pratishyaya.[1] In other words Shodhan with tikshna, ushna, kaphahara dravyas having ugra gandha are to be selected. So Chaturjat Pradhaman Nasya and Vyoshadi vati orally as a shaman chikitsa were given to the patient which results in improvement.
131 A CLINICAL STUDY ON ADHIMANTHA AND IT'S MANAGEMENT WITH NAYANAMRITA LAUHA AND TRIPHALADI VARTI , Dr. Rutuja Sawant, Dr. Suresh Wagh* Adhimantha is a disease which has been mentioned by Sushruta as an intense feeling of the eye, wherein eye seems to be being extracted out and churned up alongwith the involvement of the half of the head in association with specific features of the particular Dosha involved. Glaucoma is a disease which is characterized by raised intra-ocular pressure, optic disc cupping and visual field defect. The clinical study was done on 79 patients of Kaphaja Adhimantha in 4 different groups. Group A was treated with Triphaladi Varti. Group B was treated with Nayanamrita Lauha. Group C was combined group wherein both Nayanamrita Lauha and Triphaladi Varti were given. Group D was treated with placebo eye drop (Saurastra Netra Bindu). After the enrolment of the patients for this study, signs and symptoms such as dimness of vision, heaviness in head, coloured haloes, optic disc changes, IOP and visual field changes were studied before, during and after the treatment. The study indicates that combined group showed better results as compared to other groups.
132 “ROLE OF DEEPANIYA MAHAKASHAYA IN AGNIMANDYA AS AN AYURVEDIC APPETIZER” , Dr. Archana Singh* and Dr. Ashutosh Dwivedi In the present scenario the faulty life style, food habits, food quality, sleep habits, increased level of stress etc. leads to Tridosh Prakopa & Vitiated Jatharagni (digestive fire) results in Agnimandya & Ajirna. Vitiated Jatharagni means improper digestion is marked as the reason of formation of Aama which later on initiates different types of pathogenesis. So it is important to keep the Jatharagni in balanced state for health and to avoid the diseases caused by Aama. As the digestion starts from the oral cavity there is a very important role of appetite stimulators in the process of digestion of food. Acharya Charaka has described Deepaniya Mahakashaya as appetizer. This review article is an attempt made to explain and compare the Deepan action, properties & mode of action of 10 drugs mentioned in Deepaneeya Mahakashaya according to Ayurveda & modern medical science.
133 HAIL-FALL PARAMETERS RELATED TO CROP INSURANCE COMPENSATIONS IN NORTHERN GREECE , Dr. Evangelos Tsagalidis*, Kyriakos G. Tsitouridis and Aikaterini Mylothropoulou The Greek National Hail Suppression Program (GNHSP) is a cloud-seeding program applied with aerial means (airplane) by the Hellenic Agricultural Insurance Organization (ELGA), as an action to mitigate the losses from damages caused by hail in agricultural cultivation. To evaluate the program, a network of hailpads is used to measure a range of parameters of hail-fall in the national administrative region of Central Macedonia of northern Greece. A statistical analysis of the hail-fall data and associated crop insurance data reveals a linear relationship between the natural logarithm of the total kinetic energy per square meter of the hailstones and the natural logarithm of the ratio of the corresponding compensation paid for damage caused by the hail-fall to the total insured value of the crop production. This indicates that the kinetic energy of hailstones can be used as a performance index for the GNHSP in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2015.
134 FORMULATION, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE 30 MG , Dr. Jameel Abbas*, Dr. Shaikh Mohd. Naeem, Dr. Malik Tauheed Ahmad, Dr. Sayed Isar Ahmad, Dr. Masarat Begum and Dr. Shaikh Muzaffar Ahmad The concept of Mouth Dissolve Drug Dilivery System emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance. These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate or dissolve to release a drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva in oral carvity, thus obviating the need for water during administration, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for pediatric and geriatric patients. Difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules (Oral solid dosage form) in common among all age groups especially on elderly and dysphasic patients. Elderly patients may find the administration of the conventional oral dosage forms difficult as they regularly require medicines to maintain healthy life. Children may also have difficulty in ingesting because of their under developed muscular nervous system. The problem of swallowing tablets is also evident in travelling patients who may not have ready access to water. Aforementioned problems can be resolved by means of Mouth Dissolving Tablets. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva within few seconds, and are true fast- dissolving tablets .Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity and are more appropriately termed as fast disintegrating tablets, as they may take about to disintegrate completely. The most common preferred route is oral rout of administration. Today oro-dispersible tablet from novel drug delivery system gain importance from patient. Which is administer to the patient to control the attack of angina or hypertension, but for immediate control, Oro-dispersible tablet is oral solid dosage form in which the tablet gets dispersed in oral cavity in absence of water. Various manufacture are formulated this formulation by various method. The most importance thing in this formulation are masking of taste of drugs. Generally oro-dispersible tablet are prepared by direct compression method. Dry granulation, wet granulation, Spry drying is the various methods for preparation of oro-dispersible tablet. Oro-dispersible tablet generally contains filler, glidant, anti-adherent super disintegrate, sweetener and resins. Evaluation parameter includes hardness, friability, wetting time, moisture uptake, disintegration test, and dissolution test. Wetting time, Disintegration time, and Dissolution test is directly proportional to the hydrophobic ingredient added for lubrication, anti-adherent, Glidant action. These hydrophobic ingredient are Magnesium Stearate. To oppose the action of magnesium stearate, hydrophilic additives are incorporated viz Sodium lauryl sulphate, Cross carmillose sodium, sodium starch glycol ate are added.
135 A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS , Maher Negar Priya, S. M. Al Muied Pranto, Md. Simul Bhuiya, Jannatul Mawa Rimi and Mahbubul Morshed* The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. Up to March 29, 2020, about 5,66,000 cases have been confirmed in which 25,000 people died all over the world. Internationally, it spread in 199 countries of 5 continents. Though there is no treatment with vaccine, but some promising drugs are using in different places. Delay of diagnosis may cause the disease progression rate higher. To minimize the death toll, it is important to diagnose the patient as early as possible with multiple analyses. CT scan, antibody detection and biochemical parameter analysis can be possible way to diagnose COVID-19 early.
136 DEPENDENCE OF PRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF COWS OF SIMMENTAL BREED ON BODY TYPES , Murodulla Eshonqulovich Ashirov and Farkhod Rakhmatilloevich Sattorov* The studies have shown that the level of milk productivity, the character during the lactation, the yield of dairy products per 100 kg of live weight and the payment rate for feed by dairy products of Simmental cows are interconnected with body types. For dairy cattle, milk yield for lactation is 672,5 and 958,5 kg, respectively, for milk with 4% it is 507,4 and 735,4 kg higher, milk yield for every 100 kg of live weight is 164,9 and 228, 7 kg more than the peers of the dairy-beef and beef-dairy types. The highest monthly milk yield of dairy cows was noted in the third while for dairy-beef and beef-dairy type cows in the second month of lactation. This indicates that in dairy cattle, lactation proceeded more evenly than in peers of other types. The obtained data reveals the high efficiency of the use of dairy cows for the production of milk.
137 EVALUATION AND FORMULATION OF RIFAMPICIN TABLET , *Supriyadi and Widodo Priyanto Rifampicin is a broad spectrum of an antibiotic and commonly used as a fire line therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and is a first-line form of treatment for tuberculosis. Rifampicin tablets were made with the active ingredient of rifampicin, filler and disintegrant mixture of starch and lactose. The tablets exhibited good physical quality and dissolution. The physical properties and dissolution profile analysis of rifampicin tablets were done using DDSolver, WinSAAM, and Monolix software. Rifampicin tablet formula was made using the wet granulation method. The evaluation of the physical properties of rifampicin tablets was done by testing several parameters including hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Dissolution profile results were analyzed using DDSolver software to determine the kinetics of drug release, WinSAAM to investigate the compartment model of conventional rifampicin tablets, and Monolix to determine the dissolution profile and rifampicin compartment model easily and practically using population-based approaches. The results showed that rifampicin tablets from the formula had a mixture of starch and lactose disintegrant was exhibit a have good physical quality and dissolution profile and meet the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia thus, it has better efficacy.
138 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF Ricinodendron heudelotii ON THE BLOOD ELECTROLYTE AND HEMATOLOGICAL STATUS OF MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS , *Odinga T., Gabriel-Brisibe C. and Moore-Igwe, B. W. Plants have widely being used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes, also for maintenance of a healthy biochemical system, the food intake a necessary factor. This study evaluates the effect of the intake of aqueous seed extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii on the blood electrolyte and hematological status of male wistar albino rats. Twenty five experimental rats were randomly grouped into five of five rats each; the control group fed with normal rat feed and water without the extract while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were in addition to normal feed and water ad libitum administered 400, 600, 800 and 1000mg/kg body weight respectively, 24 hourly for a period of 21 days. Blood samples were collected for the blood electrolyte assay; sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca++) and bicarbonate (HC03-) and hematological parameter; white blood cell (WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Neutrophils and lymphocytes. The results obtained revealed that administration of aqueous seed extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii did not have significant effect p≤0.05 on the sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, however, a significant difference p≤0.05 was observed for the calcium level. The aqueous seed extract caused a concentration dependent and statistical significant increase at p≤0.05 in RBC and WBC concentrations. A concentration dependent increase in Hb, PCV, MCH was observed, although not statistically significant. The increase in the WBC, RBC, Hb, MCHC, PCV observed suggests that the aqueous seed extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii has the potency to stimulate the production of leucocytes and red blood cells and thereby serve as an immune booster during infections and prevent anemia hence maintain the hematological balance of the body.
139 WORK INSPIRED BY CORONA VIRUS , Dr. Nikola Trifunovic* Introduction: All in Earth magnetic field (EMF) gets magnetic properties (MP). Diamagnetic can become paramagnetic. Aim: Prove that living world is made of electric beings. Point to generator of electric potential in body. Point to enormous pathological power of anomalous magnetic fields (AMF). Present how does old organism function and how a young one, related to immune system and old age. Methodology: Published scientific works in international journals are methodological leaders of this brief information. Mentioned are physiological functions on people in medicine. Results: Physiology unclear things are cleared, cells division, breathing etc. Also presented is pathology causing enormous mortality and sicknesses. Cause are AMF. Viruses entrance into a host cell is explained. Conclusion: People are magnetic and electromagnetic beings. All chemicals are electric impulses products. Life has appeared according to a megnetic code enabled by EMF and the end of all the living beings will be when EMF disappears, as it had happened on Mars. Biologic-medical science should take into consideration physical fields in order to continue life on the planet Earth.
140 VALIDATION OF THE METHOD OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BENZKETOZONE IN A PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVE INGREDIENT , U. M. Tillaeva*, D. B. Kasimova, G. U. Tillaeva, D. T. Gaibnazarova and U. B. Yakhyaev In the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the development of the pharmaceutical industry and the provision of domestic products to the population. In this regard, the expansion of the range of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs, using domestic resources, is a priority in the development of science and technology in the direction of modernization of production and technology in order to introduce domestic developments of medicines and medical products.
141 STUDYING OF THE INTERACTION OF SUPPOSITORY BASES WITH MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES OF COMBINED ACTION IN SUPPOSITORIES. , *Tillaeva U. M., Rakhmanova Z. A., Tillaeva G.U., Abduganiev Sh. Kh. and Yahyaev U. B. Of the currently existing dosage forms (DF) in medical practice, rectal DF are of significant interest, among which the most common suppositories.[1] The creation of suppositories of combined action is an urgent problem of the pharmaceutical industry of the Republic.
142 TREATMENT OF COLOVESICAL FISTULA DUE TO DIVERTICULAR DISEASE WITHOUT INTRAOPERATIVE BLADDER REPAIR OR POSTOPERATIVE CYSTOGRAPHY , *Dr. Allawi Muhi Jasim, Dr. Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed and Dr. Thaker Thiab Hmood The treatment of colovesical fistula (CVF) due to diverticular disease is complex procedure and imposes significant risk to the patient. Specifically, management of the bladder defect after fistula takedown is inconstant. In this quality improvement study, we focus on the safety of early (< 7 days) urethral catheter removal without intraoperative or postoperative bladder imaging. This retrospective study was carried out at Falluja Teaching Hospital/Iraq during the period from 2005 and 2019 on 15 patients who were operated for CVF due to diverticular disease and underwent fistula takedown. Medical records were reviewed to obtain patient characteristics, operative technique and findings and postoperative outcomes. Bladder defects were only formally repaired if urothelium was visualized intraoperatively. Mean postoperative urethral catheterization was 5.7 days and bladder imaging was not performed intraoperatively or postoperatively. There were no urinary-related complications or mortalities, and mean follow-up was 200 ± 34.5 days. It can be concluded from this study that early removal of Foley catheter (< 7 days) after sigmoid resection for diverticular colovesical fistula is safe in select cases. Routine intraoperative primary bladder repair and postoperative bladder imaging is not required when the defect is small or when no gross hole with direct vision of the urothelium is found.
143 EVALUATION OF STEPWISE UTERINE SPARING METHOD IN MANAGING PLACENTA ACCRETA SURGICALLY , *Dr. Arabiya Abdulghafoor Ahmed This prospective and observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital in Iraq. The study included (100) primigravida female patients in the third trimester (after 32 weeks gestation) with pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid assay was done then the patients were classified into three groups according to uric acid level; Group I (low hyperuricemia) uric acid below 25th percentile (5.8 mg/dl). Follow up of maternal outcome as (eclampsia, HELLP, acute renal failure and accidental hemorrhage) and fetal outcomes (stillbirth, prematurity, IUGR and IUFD). Other obstetric complications that can affect pregnancy. Other medical diseases and severe pre-eclampsia that need urgent termination were excluded. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hyperuricemia and perinatal results in pregnancy induced hypertension. Results showed a significant increase in serum uric acid, urea and creatinine in the high group compared to the middle and low ones. Bad fetal outcome and pregnancy complications were directly proportionate to the serum uric acid levels. It can be concluded from the current study that these data reinforce the general agreement about the utility of hyperuricemia in the prognosis of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid level measurements are a useful and inexpensive marker for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.
144 DETERMINATION THE ROLE OF HYPERURICEMIA IN PERINATAL CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION , *Dr. Fidaa Najim Abdullah and Dr. Bushra Farhan Awadh This prospective and observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital in Iraq. The study included (100) primigravida female patients in the third trimester (after 32 weeks gestation) with pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid assay was done then the patients were classified into three groups according to uric acid level; Group I (low hyperuricemia) uric acid below 25th percentile (5.8 mg/dl). Follow up of maternal outcome as (eclampsia, HELLP, acute renal failure and accidental hemorrhage) and fetal outcomes (stillbirth, prematurity, IUGR and IUFD). Other obstetric complications that can affect pregnancy. Other medical diseases and severe pre-eclampsia that need urgent termination were excluded. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hyperuricemia and perinatal results in pregnancy induced hypertension. Results showed a significant increase in serum uric acid, urea and creatinine in the high group compared to the middle and low ones. Bad fetal outcome and pregnancy complications were directly proportionate to the serum uric acid levels. It can be concluded from the current study that these data reinforce the general agreement about the utility of hyperuricemia in the prognosis of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid level measurements are a useful and inexpensive marker for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.
145 STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING INCISIONAL HERNIA IN HADITHA GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR SURGERY DURING THE PERIOD FROM 2005 TO 2018 , *Dr. Mohammed Saeed Hasan and Dr. Jameel Abdul Jabbar Salman Incisional hernia is a frequent complication of abdominal surgery. Its incidence varies between 2 and 15% of patients, and some authors indicate that it can reach 23% when it is related to an infection of the surgical wound. This retrospective descriptive observational study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients operated by incisional hernia in the Haditha General Hospital for surgery / Iraq during the period from 2005 to 2018. The total 200 patients with preoperative diagnosis of incisional hernia were operated between January 2005 and December 2018. incisional hernia, operated between January 2005 and December 2018. Demographic parameters, toxic habits, personal pathological history, previous surgeries, location of the anterior incision, surgical technique, use and location of prosthesis, antibiotic therapy and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results showed that 85% of the patients were female, 40.6% were between 50 and 61 years of age, 58.3% had toxic habits, 66.0% of the hernias had infra umbilical location, and the highest incidence corresponded to hysterectomies and cesarean sections. The Stoppa technique was the most applied in hernioplasty and the Mayo technique in herniorrhaphy. It can be concluded from our study that obesity and diabetes were the most frequent diseases. The majority of the patients were smokers. The infra umbilical surgical incisions for abdominal hysterectomies were the most frequent location of the incisional hernias. Infection of the surgical wound was the complication found most frequently. Postoperative recurrence occurred in 3.7% of patients.
146 MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII PNEUMONIA IN A MEDICAL STABLE DIALYSIS PATIENT, DAR-ES-SALAAM TANZANIA: A CASE REPORT , Sima Rugarabamu*, Fatuma Maliki, Iddy Shaban, Sebastian Komba, Humphrey Kimonge, Eliya Emmanuel, Gloria Golani, Victoria Ndomba and Loyce Kaunga Background: Bloodstream infection caused by multidrug –resistance Acinobacter baumanii (MDRAB) has become a major clinical concern. Patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those with end-stage renal disease who require dialysis and/or kidney transplantation, have some of the highest rates of colonization and infection with antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance limits treatment options and increases the risk of infection-related morbidity and mortality. The requirement to use alternative antibiotics is concern regarding the emergence of isolate resistance in Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) patients. This highlights the dire need for new treatment options as well as consistent implementation and improvement of basic infection prevention practices. Clinicians involved in the care of patients with renal disease must be familiar with the local epidemiology of antibiotic resistance, remain vigilant for the emergence of novel resistance patterns and adhere strictly to practices proven to prevent transmission of antibiotic resistance microbes and other pathogens. Case Presentation: This report multidrug –resistance Acinobacter baumanii (MDRAB) isolated from blood sample of a 74-year-old female who is permanently catheterized undergoing dialysis treatment at hospital in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. Conclusions: We have isolated a multidrug resistance A. baumannii in a medical stable dialysis patient diagnosed with pneumonia. Health care associated infections of MDR A.baumanii are critical problem in these patients; therefore, urgent focused intervention to contain the spread of MDR nosocomial infection is needed. Treatment of dialysis patient should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
147 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING BENING PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA AMONG DRIVERS WORKING AT SELECTED EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN CHENNAI , John Bosco J.* and Dr. Hema V. H. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, in simple terms refers to the increased in prostate gland size. It involves hyperplasia of prostatic stromal cells and epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the per urethral region of the prostate. Aim of the Study: A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding Benign Prostate Hyperplasia among drivers at selected Educational Institution. Methodology: A quazi experimental study was adopted with 60 samples using convenient sampling technique at selected Educational Institution, self-structured questionnaires was used to assess the knowledge and likert scale was used to assess the attitude towards Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Major findings: In the post test after the video assisted teaching 58(96.67%) had adequate knowledge and only 2(3.33) had fairly adequate knowledge regarding Benign Prostate Hyperplasia among drivers. Pre-test, 49(81.67) had fair attitude and 11(18.33%) had poor attitude whereas in the post test after the video assisted teaching 45(75%) had good attitude and 15(25%) had fair attitude regarding Benign Prostate Hyperplasia among Drivers. Conclusion: The study results revealed that driver’s post-test level of knowledge and attitude had been improved after the video assisted teaching compared to the pre-test level of knowledge and attitude. And this also clearly states that increase in the drivers’ knowledge about benign prostate hyperplasia increases the attitude levels.
148 EFFECT OF PRANAYAMA ON HUMAN WELLBEING: A SCIENTIFIC STUDY , *Dr. Sheetal Gupta and Dr. Jasvinder Kour Pranayama is considered as an essential component of Yoga which is said to influence the physiological systems. Advantageous effects of yogic breathing on the neurocognitive, psychophysiological, respiratory, biochemical and metabolic functions in healthy individual were elicited. Over all, yogic breathing could be considered safe, when practiced under guidance of a trained teacher.
149 HERBAL DRUG INTERACTION: AN OVERVIEW , *Ranjeet Kumar Bhargav and Rehana Parveen People use herbal treatments along with prescription and nonprescription medications. Although considered natural, many of these herbal therapies can interact with other medications, causing either potentially harmful side effects and / or reduced activity of medicines. Currently, there is very little information published on herb-drug interactions whilst the use of herbs is progressively growing across the world. The increasing use of herbal medicinal products in the community where people are also receiving prescription medicines suggests that adverse herb–drug interactions may be of significant public health consequence. The aim of this literature.[1] review is to provide critical insight and commentary into the issues that need to be considered in applying evidence based principles to assess clinically important herb-drug interactions. Herb-drug interactions are a stark reality today. Hence, proper reporting of cases, careful vigilance, evidence-based appraisal and constantly updated reviews of such herb-drug interactions are very important to promote systematic research.
150 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON NOVEL DRUGS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE , *Professor Dr. Osman Ahmed and Madiha Jabeen Parkinson’s disease is the most common Neuro-degenerative disorder. Several new medications are discovered, most of which are variations of previously existing products, such new dosage forms of already-approved products, or cost-saving generic formulations have been proposed. These new products contribute to the public health, safety of the people, greater access to medication, more consumer choice, and a competitive marketplace that enhances affordability and quality and care. However, these new approvals that we refer to as novel drugs are among the more truly innovative products that often help in advance clinical care to another level. This article includes study of existing drugs and novel drugs in the Parkinson’s disease treatment and also describes their medicinal chemistry i.e understanding its structure, synthesis, structural activity relationships, mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, adverse effects etc. These drugs are competent in various areas to satiate, make them suitable for its therapeutic use and for drug formulations and discoveries
151 CAPTIVE EYE DETECTIVE HITS THE INNEREYE OF COVID19 TO WIN THE SCREENING BY THERMOGRAM , Kushal Nandi*, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Beduin Mahanti All objects emit infrared energy, known as a heat signature. An infrared camera (also known as a thermal imager) detects and measures the infrared energy of objects. The camera converts that infrared data into an electronic image that shows the apparent surface temperature of the object being measured. An infrared camera contains an optical system that focuses infrared energy onto a special detector chip (sensor array) that contains thousands of detector pixels arranged in a grid. Each pixel in the sensor array reacts to the infrared energy focused on it and produces an electronic signal. The camera processor takes the signal from each pixel and applies a mathematical calculation to it to create a color map of the apparent temperature of the object. Each temperature value is assigned a different color. The resulting matrix of colors is sent to memory and to the camera’s display as a temperature picture (thermal image) of that object. The thermal screening by infra red imaging is being implemented among the public by maintaining social distancing between individual to individual so that contagious contamination of COVID19 can be minimised. The infected persons are being kept in isolation followed by quarantine period to overcome the viral attack in mass population.
152 LITERARY REVIEW ON DEVDARVADYARISHTA W.S.R TO ITS ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL , *Dr. Chinky Goyal, Dr. Khemchand Sharma and Dr. Namrata Joshi Asava–Arishta has found extensive therapeutic uses from pediatrics to geriatrics, but questions regarding application of them in Diabetic patients still need to be addressed. Devdarvadyarishta is a traditional unexplored formulation with indication in Prameha roga. In the present study, literature regarding Devdarvadyarishta is sorted out from various classics to check for any aberration between different readings and is expounded with all possible details. Individual drugs of the chosen formulation from Bhaishja Ratnavali is expanded with respect to their synonyms, botanical details including Latin name, family, botanical description and parts used, Rasa Panchaka and chemical constituents and their anti-diabetic references as cited in various Nighantus and modern research articles. Nearly all the contents of Devdarvadyarishta including honey are found to possess anti-diabetic property both in Ayurveda and Bio medical Science which advocated its usefulness in Diabetic patients to some extent, however, detailed experimental trials should be carried out to validate the same.
153 CLINICAL STUDIES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES ON HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DENTAL TARTAR , Khatariya M. D., Talekar S. H.*, Ahlawat AR, Dodia V.D. and Kalaria V.A. The present work was conducted on 20 dogs suffering from periodontal diseases presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during study period. The present clinical work was carried out to study, haematological and biochemical parameters in relation to periodontal disease, diagnosis of periodontal diseases, and to study oral micro flora, suitable antibiotics therapy and mineral composition of dental tarter. This present study was carried out on 20 dogs in which major complaints from dog owners revealed halitosis, Sticky salivation, anorexia, pawing at mouth and facial swelling in the present study. History further revealed that pet owners ignore any home care and professional dental cleaning for keeping teeth of dogs healthy. A detailed survey regarding food habits of dogs revealed maintained on pure vegetarian diet and both vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet. Majority of dogs were provided homemade food mainly consist of soft food, either pure vegetarian or mixed, also offered commercial available food (vegetarian) in the market in addition to homemade food. Among 20 dogs, oral examination revealed that varying degree of dental plaque, dental calculus, gingival recession, gingival hyperplasia, tooth fracture, persistent deciduous tooth and pulpitis. According to haemato-biochemical analysis on the day of treatment all parameters were recorded within normal range. Whereas there was no significant difference between values of various haematological and biochemical parameters on 0 day of treatment and 10th day post treatment. For purpose of dental scaling premedication with atropine sulphate, diazepam and ketamine hydrochloride were used for anesthesia. During treatment sterile swabs were used for sample collection from mineralized dental plaque of 20 dogs. The result of bacteriological culture revealed the presence of different types of bacterial colonies; viz. Streptococcus spp. (40 %), Staphylococcus spp. (30 %), Escherichia spp. (20 %) were found to be higher growth on culture media. Levofloxacin had the highest in-vitro susceptibility (85 %), followed by Amoxicillin (65 %), Gentamicin (60 %), Ceftriaxone (55 %), Cefotaxime (55 %), Oxytetracycline (50 %) and Chloramphenicol (45 %) Based on this susceptibility test, Levofloxacin was found to be the best antimicrobial drug of choice for periodontal diseases. Dental tarter samples (n=20) were used for chemical analysis. The analyzed dental tarter were composed of Calcium (Ca) 80.07 %, Phosphorus (P) 14.51 %, Magnesium (Mg) 2.83 %, Potassium (K) 1.22 %, Sulphur (S) 0.89 %, Iron (Fe) 0.61 %, Nickel (Ni) 0.44 %, and Zinc (Zn) 0.20 %.
154 FORMULATION, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE 60 MG , Dr. Jameel Abbas*, Dr. Shaikh Mohd. Naeem, Dr. Malik Tauheed Ahmad, Dr. Sayed Isar Ahmad, Dr. Masarat Begum and Dr. Shaikh Muzaffar Ahmad The concept of Mouth Dissolve Drug Dilivery System emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance. These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate or dissolve to release a drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva in oral carvity, thus obviating the need for water during administration, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for pediatric and geriatric patients. Difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules (Oral solid dosage form) in common among all age groups especially on elderly and dysphasic patients. Elderly patients may find the administration of the conventional oral dosage forms difficult as they regularly require medicines to maintain healthy life. Children may also have difficulty in ingesting because of their under developed muscular nervous system. The problem of swallowing tablets is also evident in travelling patients who may not have ready access to water. Aforementioned problems can be resolved by means of Mouth Dissolving Tablets. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva within few seconds, and are true fast- dissolving tablets .Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity and are more appropriately termed as fast disintegrating tablets, as they may take about to disintegrate completely. The most common preferred route is oral rout of administration. Today oro-dispersible tablet from novel drug delivery system gain importance from patient. Which is administer to the patient to control the attack of angina or hypertension, but for immediate control, Oro-dispersible tablet is oral solid dosage form in which the tablet gets dispersed in oral cavity in absence of water. Various manufacture are formulated this formulation by various method. The most importance thing in this formulation are masking of taste of drugs. Generally oro-dispersible tablet are prepared by direct compression method. Dry granulation, wet granulation, Spry drying is the various methods for preparation of oro-dispersible tablet. Oro-dispersible tablet generally contains filler, glidant, anti-adherent super disintegrate, sweetener and resins. Evaluation parameter includes hardness, friability, wetting time, moisture uptake, disintegration test, and dissolution test. Wetting time, Disintegration time, and Dissolution test is directly proportional to the hydrophobic ingredient added for lubrication, anti-adherent, Glidant action. These hydrophobic ingredient are Magnesium Stearate. To oppose the action of magnesium stearate, hydrophilic additives are incorporated viz Sodium lauryl sulphate, Cross carmillose sodium, sodium starch glycol ate are added.
155 AMPHIBIAN FAUNA (FAMILY: MICROHYLIDAE AND RHACOPHORIDAE) ASSORTMENT AND ALLOCATION IN SOUTH INDIA , Dr. S. V. Subba Reddy, K. Ruhinaz, Dr. M. Muniya Naik, Dr. A. Jayasankar, P. Sandhya, V. Uday Kiran, *Dr. R. Sivasankar South Indian region has vast number of flora and fauna, and also many endemic and endangered species. Amphibians are represented by high species richness and endemism in south india, Though there are few studies that have looked at the ecological aspects of the amphibians in the Western Ghats, inventories of amphibians are available for many parts of the Ghats. Though the amphibians are considered as biological indicators for their susceptibility to even very small changes in the surrounding environment and their habitats typically spread across the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats. They are the only vertebrate group with dual life stages and perform vital ecological functions. However, amphibian diversity of the Western Ghats is facing major threats due to deforestation, human dominated land-scapes and rapid urbanization resulting in land use changes, loss and modification of habitat. The present survey revealed that the family Microhylidae consists of 61 genera and 279 species in the worldwide, of which 15 species belonging to 5 genera occur in India. One species found in the present survey. Mean while the family Rhacophoridae includes 10 genera and 186 species in the world, of which 6 genera and 52 species occur in India. Now two species are found.
156 ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF ZINNIA ELEGANS AND PLECTRANTHUS RUGOSUS LEAVES AGAINST ROT CAUSING FUNGI , Jahangir Abdullah Koka*, Abdul Hamid Wani and Mohd Yaqub Bhat The ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Zinnia elegans L. and Plectranthus rugosus Wall ex Benth were evaluated for their antifungal activities on rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani isolated from rotten tomatoes and brinjal using the agar well diffusion method. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Zinnia elegans showed maximum antimycotic activity against Trichothecium roseum and least activity against Alternaria alternata. However, the aqueous extract of Zinnia elegans showed maximum antifungal activity against Trichothecium roseum and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Plectranthus rugosus showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Mucor plumbeus. Whereas the aqueous extract of Plectranthus rugosus showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Penicillium expansum.
157 PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY USING DRIED STEM POWDER OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA L. MEDICINAL PLANT , Palave S. A.*, Wadavkar D. S. and Gawade B. B. Muntingia calabura L. a monotypic genus of family Muntingiaceae is used as medicinal herb, by native people for various medicinal purposes. It is commonly known as Kanakshikha in local language. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by change in colour from pale green to reddish brown further, a peak between 220-330 nm. was obtained on UV-Vis spectrometer which confirmed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. XRD have been used to investigate the morphology of prepared AgNPs. The peaks in XRD pattern are associated with that of face-centered-cubic (FCC) form of metallic silver. FTIR was performed to identify the functional groups of peaks situated at 2277.20 cm-1 (C=N bond), 1629.92-1 (C=N bond), 1426.42cm-1 (S=O bond), 1315.51cm-1 (S=O), 1249.93cm-1 (N-O), 1157.34cm-1 (NO2), 1098.51cm-1 (C-O), 1052.21cm-1 (C-O), 1018.46cm-1 (C-N), 959.63cm-1(C-H). Which form a layer covering AgNPs and stabilize the AgNPs in medium.
158 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BRYUM CORONATUM SCHWAGER , *Wadavkar D. S., Mulay A. V., Palave S. A. and Chavan S. J. The present investigation was focused on the preliminary phytochemical and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral analysis of Bryum coronatum Schwager. The organic solvent extracts (ethanol) from the aerial part of Bryum coronatum were tested for the availability of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids and glycosides. Flavonoids and steroids detected from moss species have commercial interest in pharmaceuticals companies for the manufacturing of the new drugs for treatment of various diseases. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of alcohols, nitrite group, carbonyl groups, phenolic esters, ethers, aromatic compounds, alkyl halides and alkene. In GC-MS analysis twenty different compounds were detected. The results confirm the fact that this moss posses’ important bioactive constituents useful for our health so further scientific investigation is needed.
159 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF PUMPKIN SEED EXTRACT FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT ABILITY, CYTO-TOXICITY AND COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS , Akashraj R. Agrahari, Pranjali P. Dhawal and Dr. Tanuja V. Tirodkar* Pumpkin seed extracts are greatly studied and have gained importance due to its nutritional benefits. The present study aims to explore other properties beneficial to mankind. The crude extract of pumpkin seed was obtained by cold extraction method. This crude extract was further analyzed for anti-oxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl method (DPPH method) . The Phytochemicals present in the seed extract were found by the preliminary methods. Cyto-toxicity analysis on 3T3/NIH Cell line was carried using MTT assay. The Collagen synthesis activity of the crude extract was also tested on 3T3 cell line. After testing all the parameters of the Pumpkin seed crude extract, it was found that it had DPPH radical scavenging ability. The extract when tested for toxic effects showed that even at concentration 1 mg/mlit had proliferative ability as compared to cell with media and without extract. The extract also boosted the Collagen synthesis by 3.91 pg/ml as compared to media control. The properties exhibited by Pumpkin seed crude extract could be recommended in Pharmacological and Cosmetological applications with proper clinical trials.
160 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BRAIN GYM EXERCISES ON SELF ESTEEM AND LEVEL OF CONCENTRATION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOL, CHENNAI , Bhuvaneshwari* and Liji Introduction: Brain gym brings movement back into learning. It uses activities and exercises to reduce stress so that the body and mind can work more efficiently in any learning, study, performance or daily life situations. It is a tool which can be integrated into any teaching situation with any age group. It is simple and fun for student and adults alike. A practical, movement based course with the focus being on integrating it into a tool kit of strategies to keep individuals focused and attentive for learning. This brain gym exercises can lead onto further study in the specific use of brain gym movements and educational kinesiology. Objectives of the Study: 1. To assess and compare the pre and post test self esteem and level of concentration among high school students at selected school. 2. To assess the effectiveness of training programme on the self esteem and level of concentration among high school students at selected school. 3. To correlate the self esteem and level of concentration among high school students at selected school.4. To associate the self esteem and the level of concentration with their selected demographic variables with the mean differed level among high school students at selected school. Materials and Methods: A pre experimental, one group pre test-post test design was selected with the sample size of 60 high school students by using purposive sampling method with inclusive criteria. The conceptual frame work of Stufflebeam and colleagues was applied. The study was conducted in MASI Metric Higher secondary School. Modified Rosenberg self esteem scale and modified concentration assessment scale was used to assess pretest and post test self esteem and level of concentration. Brain gym exercises done for 15 days duration in 30 minutes. Results: In pre test self esteem score , all sample 60(100%) had moderately adequate self esteem and none of them had adequate self esteem, where as in the post test after administration of brain gym exercises 43(71.67%) had adequate level of self esteem and 17(28.33%) had moderately adequate level of self esteem regarding modified Rosenbrug self esteem scale. In pre test 2(3.33%) had inadequate level of concentration and 58(96.67%) had moderately adequate level of concentration. In post test after administration of brain gym exercises on concentration, 40 (66.67%) had adequate level of concentration and 20 (33.33%) had moderately adequate level of concentration towards modified concentration assessment scale. Brain gym exercises found to be effective on the level of self esteem (t=9.178,p=0.001) and level of concentration (t=8.597.p=0.001). Self esteem and concentration found to have a positive correlation (r=0.511) Conclusion: The study pointed out that studentâ€Ÿs self esteem and concentration can be influenced by brain gym exercises. It will help the learners to have improvement in their academic as well as over all development. The outcome of the study will also provide an awareness to the nursing field.
161 INVESTIGATION OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SPORE CONCENTRATION AT UDGIR , Dr. Lohare Sunita Dhundiraj* Aerobiology is the study of air borne microorganisms like fungal spores, insect part, pollen grains, protozoan cyst and other biological parts. By considering the importance of vegetables for human beings, the investigation deals with the airspora over Onion field at Udgir. Similarly investigation have been undertaken to concentrate more attention on disease incidence by air borne fungal pathogens in Onion (vegetable-perticularly onion, Tomato, Brinjal) field and divicing disease forecasting system. The present investigation deals with the study of microscopic air spora over the Onion (Allium cepa L.) (Vegetable) field at Udgir. This study was conducted for rabbi season from 1st November 2017 to 25th January 2018 using continuous Tilak air sampler. In the air sampling 56 airborne components trapped among these 01 belongs to Phycomycetes, 12 belongs to Ascomycetes, 03 belongs to Basidiomycetes, 34 to Deuteromycetes and 06 to other types. The highest percentage contribution of the spore belongs to Deuteromycetes group was 71.76%, Ascomycetes 16.36%, other types 7.85%, Basidiomycetes 3.32% and Phycomycetes 0.71%. In this study Cladosporium was most dominant type among the fungal spores contributed 21.89% to the total air spora and Helminthosporium contributed 4.42% to the total airspora and ranked third from Deuteromycetes group. The airspora studies over Onion fields have contributed to understand the general components of airspora in this region. It also revealed that the occurrence of spores in air correlate with weather condition. The present study will be useful in divicing for disease forecasting system of Onion crop which would help for protecting the crops from infection and disease.
162 ENHANCEMENT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION BY USING ADVANCED FORMULATION OF ZINC SOLUBILISING THIOBACILLUS sp. IN PULNEY HILLS , Yuvarani S.*, Soundararajan S., Thiribhuvanadharshini P., Premalatha R., Nithya R. and Vijayaraghavan R. Zinc is one of the eight significant micronutrients needed for the healthy growth replication of crop plants. Zinc is a micro nutrient essential for all living organism with a key role in growth, development and defence. Micronutrients role in plant defence are predominantly documented for Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn. There zinc seems to be a major player in both plant and animal immune system. Deficiency of Zinc is world wide spread problem in agricultural fields. Competition for zinc affects the outcome of the host – attacker interaction in both plant and animal system. Hence, we provide a clear framework of the Zinc solubilisation by Thiobacillus isolates as an immense important in Zinc nutrition to plant majorly in field having alkaline and Rhizosphere soil. The four bacterial colonies with different colony morphology were selected from different plates for Gram’s staining and biochemical tests (Citrate, MR-VP, Oxidase, Catalase,) and further Plant growth promoting activity (PGPA) (zinc solubilisation). Zinc solubilisation medium contain 0.1% of zinc oxide was used and based on the solubilisation isolates are selected for zinc solubilisation efficiency for multiple plant growth promoting traits. These plant growth promoting traits can be exploited as a potential bio fertilizers.
163 MULTIPURPOSE HERBAL POWDER SHAMPOO , Ankita Ankule, Snehal D. Wani*, Prachi M. Murkute and Ashwini S. Pundkar Aim of the present research work was to formulate multipurpose herbal shampoo powder and comparison with marketed powder shampoo contains many natural ingredients with an emphasis on safety and efficacy, which will avoid the risk posed by chemical ingredients. It clears dirt, dandruff, promote hair growth. strengthens. and darken the hair. morever, it also act as a conditioning agent and performs all these actions without affecting or damaging hair. The hearb amala, bhringaraj, hibiscus, shkakai, and ginger have been selected to formulate the herbal shampoo powder on the basis of the traditional system and scientific justification with modern use The major objective of the present study was to formulate an herbal shampoo powder by means of eliminating harmful synthetic ingredients and substitute them with natural ingredients. It is very difficult to get all the properties in one substance. Thats why we makes this product unique is that we have made a quality powder shampoo with different properties. Such as anti dandruff, antibacterial, hair growth promoter, conditioner, give smoothen hairs, reduce hair fallor dead skin, etc. The main couse of dandruff is usually a fungus called "Pityrosporum ovale" (P.ovale) which is a naturally occurring yeast - like organism found most on the scalp and other part of the human skin. The fungus is found most on skin areas with plenty of sebaceous glands : on the scalp where large no of sebaceous glands can be found hence chances of dandruff in haire is more as compare to other body part. The reason of hair problem are tension, scalp infection, harmone disturbances, lowers vitamin, food, minerals, and large chemical shampoos are used. To overcome all this problems it was the main aim of our project, so we prepared multipurpose powder herbal shampoo for hair treatment.
164 PREVALANCE OF ORAL HEALTH STATUS, MALOCCULUSION AMONG SCHOOL GOING INDIVIDUALS IN CHENNAI: AN EPIDEMOLOGICAL STUDY , *Dr. Vidhyadharan J. BDS and Dr. Evangeline Dorothy BDS Background: Health is a universal human need for all cultural groups. General health cannot be attained or maintained without oral health. The mouth is regarded as the mirror of the body leave space and the gateway to good health. Aim: The level of oral health status and sweet intake of school students is scarce and worthy of investigation, and this study aimed at assessing the same among school going students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: A structured questionnaire (English versions) considering all objectives of the study was used in data collection. Data were collected on the basis of Age, gender, oral health status including malocclusion and intake of sweet food substances. Data were collected through face-to-face interview of the students, and by oral examination. Results: About 14.11% of students had Angle class 1 malocclusion about 61.96% had Angle class 2 sub-division 1 13.10% had Angle class 2 sub-division 2 and about 4.79% had angle class 3 is about 2.27%. On evaluating the characteristic data of DMFT it was observed 68.88% of student’s presented had no decay and 29.87% of student’s had decayed teeth. Conclusion: The authors conclude that oral hygiene awareness education and motivation are needed to improve oral health status among school going students.
165 ASSESSMENT OF HIGH YIELDING MULBERRY VARIETIES AT NURSERY LEVEL UNDER THE TROPICAL AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF ANANTAPUR, ANDHRA PRADESH , Dr. P. Sudhakar*, S. Gandhi Doss, B. Vijaya Naidu and Pankaj Tewary Mulberry (Morus alba L.) a perennial plant in nature cultivated for its foliage to feed silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) as seasonal crop. Mulberry plants popularly propagated through vegetatively. Therefore, proficient method of propagation not only saves farmers economy but also plays pivotal role on the future of sericulture. Keeping the above aspects four high yielding mulberry varieties viz. Victory1 (V1), Genotype4 (G4), AGB8 and Berhampore (BER) varieties were planted during June-July, 2019 at Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. Each variety was planted @ 2500 cuttings and maintained properly for their survival. Considering V1 mulberry variety as a benchmark high yielding mulberry recommended for the South Indian geo-climatic conditions, the other varieties performance at nursery level was studied. Sprouting of G4 saplings was recorded 11.11% more compared to V1 (89.10%) followed by AGB8 (8.31%), however BER resulted in 22.78% less than the V1 variety. The survival behavior of G4 showed 32.83% more compared to V1 (73.40%) followed by AGB8 (22.89%) whereas 26.02% less survival was noticed in BER under Ananthapur conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Sapling height was recorded 27.78% high in BER followed by G4 (14.49%) and AGB8 (2.94%) compared to V1 (183.6cm/plant). The sapling biomass and shoot weight was recorded higher percent in AGB8 (60.0 & 91.2%) followed by G4 (49.0 & 73.7%), whereas the same were recorded least in BER (30.0 & 35.1%) compared to V1 variety (100.0 & 57.0 g/sapling). In case of root weight of the saplings it was recorded 23.26% more in BER variety followed by AGB8 (18.60%) and G4 (16.28%) compared to V1 variety (43.0g/sapling). Number of leaves per sapling was recorded 7.56% more in G4 followed by BER (4.20%) whereas the same was less on AGB8 (-6.72%) compared to V1 variety (23.8 leaves/sapling). Leaf area was significantly higher in BER (106.49%) followed by AGB8 (62.47%) and G4 (15.42%) over V1 saplings (201.7cm2). Moisture content of leaves was noticed comparatively low in the decreasing order of G4 (-0.66%), AGB8 (-3.03%) and BER (-4.49%) compared with V1 where it was recorded higher moisture content (75.80%) among all the varieties. All the high yielding mulberry varieties viz. V1, G4, AGB8 & BER have shown morphologically significant growth variations during their establishment period of 45, 60 and 90 days after plantation.
166 DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILM OF IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR ANGINA PECTORIS , Raut D. B., Chaudhari R. G., Burade K. B., Gavhane Y. N. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal film of Ivabradine hydrochloride using mucoadhesive polymer HPMC E5 LV for angina pectoris. During study polyvinylpyrrolidone considered as a thickening agent, film former. PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 use as a plasticizer as well as solubilizing agent. Tween 80 use as a permeation inhancer. A total number of six formulations were prepared by a solvent casting method. The prepared mucoadhesive film were evaluated for drug content, in-vitro dissolution, Ex Vivo Permeation folding endurance, mucoadhesive strength, swelling index, and drug-polymer interaction study. From the present study, it found that formulation F3 and F5 show in vitro drug release 94.08% ± 0.15, 98.51% ± .612 respectively within 3hr. Ex vivo drug permeation found to be 65.87% and 71.48% within 4 Hr. by using goat oral mucosa. There was no any physical and chemical interaction between drug and polymer based on physical and FTIR data interpretation.
167 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RASASHASTRA-HERBO-MINERAL PREPARATIONS INDIAN PHARMACEUTICS , Dr. Sadanand Sakri* and Dr. Jayashree D. Kotabagi Core principles are basic ideas that have been routinely evaluated in a number of forms that are important for the comprehension of applied research. Every research has its own basic values. Rasashastra, a division of Ayurveda, is called an Indian herbo-mineral preparation pharmaceutical business. The concepts connected with the creation and growth of Rashastra are not explicitly stated and are dispersed in numerous ancient classical documents. The effort has also been made to examine these basic concepts in a systematic and informative way.In the present research, therefore, an effort has been made to carry out a systematic analysis of the core concepts of Rashastra and to explain their distinguishing features. Lohavada and Dehavada; 18 mercury refining processes, Rasashastra jargon, tools, crucibles, blowers and pits for the incineration of metals / minerals, purification, incineration, Amritikarana, incineration and levitation experiments are the eight fundamental concepts of Rasashastra.A full comprehension of these principles with a view to both Ayurvedic and contemporary science is the secret to study and growth in Rashastra.
168 MALNUTRITION & OVERCOME PRACTICE , *Dr. Tanvi Singh Several different nutrition disorders may develop, depending on which nutrients are lacking or consumed in excess. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition is the gravest single threat to global public health.[1]
169 COMPARATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF A LOCALLY PRODUCED DISINFECTANT AND SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DISINFECTANTS AGAINST SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES , Oleghe P. O.*, Agholor K., Lucy F. O., Racheal S. and Oboh J. E. The main goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of five routinely used disinfectants and a locally produced one against some selected clinical isolates. The disinfectants used in this study were Roberts® antiseptic disinfectant, Tetmosol® Protect Plus antiseptic disinfectant, Izal® liquid germicide disinfectant, Ivy’s antiseptic®, Dettol® antiseptic disinfectant and a locally produced antiseptic. The test organisms used in this study were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Candida albicans. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of the various antiseptic/disinfectant at different concentrations (100%, 50% and 25%) as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results obtained from this study showed that the test organisms vary in their responses to each of the disinfectant, although all five pathogens were sensitive to Izal® and Roberts® antiseptic at different concentrations. On the other hand, Izal® and Tetmosol® Protect Plus gave the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) readings of 41mm and 33mm respectively against Klebsiella pneumoniae at 100% concentration while Ivy’s antiseptic® had no antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli in all the different concentrations used. The locally produced disinfectant gave the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) readings for Candida albicans making it very suitable to be used as an antifungal agent. This study has revealed that the antimicrobial effects of antiseptics and disinfectants are dependent on their different concentrations and nature of microorganism. Therefore, emphasis should be made on the need for strict adherence to standard disinfection policy for proper use of disinfectants and antiseptics.
170 PREVENTIVE THERAPIES USING SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS FOR CONGENITAL LONG QT SYNDROME , Dr. Toshimasa Nakada* Preventive therapy for pediatric patients with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) without severe cardiac symptoms has not been established. The objective of this study was to clarify the outcomes of pediatric patients with LQTS who were diagnosed without severe cardiac symptoms and who received preventive therapy using sodium channel blockers (SB). This retrospective study included data from seven patients with LQTS who received preventive therapy using SB. The outcomes of those patients and changes of corrected QT intervals (QTc) before and after treatment were studied. Three patients received mexiletine alone, and four patients received combination therapy with propranolol and SB. The median follow-up period from the initial treatment to the last follow-up was one year and one month (range: 6 months to 15 years and 6 months). No cardiac events developed after treatment. The QTc values after therapy were significantly shorter than those before: median QTc 454 (range: 396–475) vs. 485 (range: 470–527) ms, P < 0.05.
171 THE SPREAD AND DAMAGE OF POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE OF MULBERRY , Bakhodir Ismoilovich Normatov* and Mirakbar Abzalovich Zuparov The spread, development and damage of mildew disease of mulberry have been studied in “Agropilla” LLCs specialized in mulberry growing in the districts and farms of Surkhandarya region, and the information has been revealed in this article about the impact of mildew disease on leaf yield and nutrition. In order to carry out the effective controlling measures against this disease, the study of disease spread, development and biological attributes of the pathogen, and on the base of this to develop disease control measures, have been revealed herein. Also it has been determined that the significant loss in the weight of mulberry leaves due to powdery mildew may affect negatively the production of silk raw material.
172 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUDANESE FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL. (APIACEAE.) OIL , Abdel Karim M.*, Magid A. and M. Alla In developing countries, ethnomedicine is still playing a vital role in primary health care and intensive pharmacological reports on the impact of bioactive phytochemicals on human physiology potentiated the applications of medicinal plants. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is a perennial herb in the family Apiaceae. The plant is widely used as a flavouring agent in foods. Fennel seeds are hypotensive and diuretic. In this study, the oil from Foeniculum vulgare seeds has been analyzed by GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis showed 58 components. Major constituents are : 9- octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester(35.59%):9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester (29.36%),and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.02%). The antmicrobial activity of the essential oil has been assessed. At a concentration of 100mg/ml, the oil showed significant anticandidal activity. It also exhibited good activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative Escherichia coli. However it failed to give inhibitory effect against Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
173 ISOLATION OF A FLAVONOL FROM STEM BARK OF SUDANESE ACACIA TORTILIS (FORSK.)HAYNE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT , Abdel Karim M.*, Mohamed Y. and El-Hafez M. This study was set to investigate the flavonoids of Acacia tortilis which is a key species in indigenous medicine. This plant which showed many pharmacological properties is used traditionally against many diseases. A flavonol was isolated from Acacia tortilis stem bark via chromatographic techniques and its structure was partially characterized on the basis of its spectral data(UV,1HNMR and IR). The ethanol extract exhibited good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.
174 STUDY OF PRECIPITATING FACTORS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AMONG TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS CHILDREN , *Dr. Ahmed Fawzi Ibrahim Luhaibi, Dr. Muthana Dahham Mohammed and Dr. Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Mahmood Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication among children with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the risk of DKA in established type 1 diabetes mellitus is 1–10% per patient per year. This study aimed to determine the frequency of the precipitating factors of DKA admissions to emergency room in Amiriya general hospital – Al-Anbar/Iraq. This case-control study was conducted from January to December 2019 on 40 children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (19 males and 21 females; between 1 and 15 years of age) and 42 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as a control group (21 males and 21 females; between 1 and 15 years) who were admitted to Amiriya general hospital, Al-Anbar - Iraq. Data regarding history, full physical examination, and laboratory investigations (presence of glucose and/or ketones in urine, serum potassium (m.Eq/l), blood bicarbonate (mmol/L), venous pH, blood glucose (mg/dl), and the treatment given were recorded. The frequency of DKA was not significantly higher in girls than in boys 21(52.5%) vs. 19 (47.5%) (P > 0.05). In 22(55%) of cases, it was the first time they were discovered to be diabetic, and 10 (55.5%) of known diabetic patients had history of previous attacks of DKA and previous attacks of hypoglycemia were encountered in 15 (83.3%) of cases. The most common precipitating causes of DKA was infection, which occurred in 18 (45%) of the episodes, no identifiable cause for the episode was encountered in 10 (25%) of cases, missing the usual dose of insulin, and stress were identified in 6 (15%) for each, while increased food intake was documented as a precipitating factors in 2 (5%) of cases. Infection, missing the usual dose of insulin, stressful conditions and increased food intake were the main precipitating factors for DKA. Newly discovered DM presenting for the first time as DKA involved a significant proportion of the cases of DKA. It can be concluded that the main precipitating factors for the episodes were infections, missing the usual dose of insulin, infections, stressful conditions and increased food intake especially sweets. Newly discovered DM presenting for the first time as DKA were a significant proportion of the cases of DKA.
175 ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS ATTENDING THE DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF QUETTA, PAKISTAN , Dr. Aadil Ameer Ali*, Noman-Haq, Sana Naqi, Rabbia Naseer, Muhammad Rafique, Muhammad Ismail, Muhammad Umair, Shahnila Shaikh, Kainat Chang and Muhammad Saood Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent and common among all degenerative joint disorders and affecting huge number of individuals. Older females and low income people are more likely to develop knee OA. A cross sectional survey was conducted in different hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan from July to September 2019. A self-constructed proforma was used among all 392 already diagnosed patients to collect the data and Spss version 23 was used to analyze the data. In demographic Characterstics the age, gender and household income were significantly associated with knee OA (p<0.05). The study concluded that the people who were older, belongs to female gender and with low house hold income were found physically restrictive due to the knee OA. Older females and people with low income should be prioritized for the treatment of knee OA in order to reduce the restrictiveness from their activities of daily life and to enhance their physical functional capacity.
176 REVIEW ON FRAMEWORK IN PATIENT SAFETY , Sanskriti Ashok Aghao* and Rohit Sushil Bairagi Medication error are common in general practice and in hospitals. Both error in the act of writing (prescription/ dispencing/administration errors) and prescribing faults due to erroneous medical decisions can result in harm to patients. Any step in the prescribing process can generate errors. Slips, lapses, or mistakes are source of errors, as in unintended omissions in the transcription of drugs. Faults in dose selection, omitted transcription, and poor handwriting are common. Inadequate knowledge or competence and incomplete information about clinical characteristics and previous treatment of individual patients can result in prescribing faults, including the use of potentially inappropriate medications. An unsafe working environment, complex or undefined procedures, and inadequate communication among health care personnel, particularly between doctors and nurses, have been identified as important underlying factors that contribute to prescription errors and prescribing faults. Active interventions aimed at reducing prescription error and prescribing faults are strongly recommended. These should be focus on the education and training of prescribers and the use of online aids. Feedback control systems and immediate review of prescription, which can be performed with the assistance of a hospital pharmacist, are also helpful.
177 A REVIEW ON EMULGEL: THE TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM , Bhawana Prasad*, Yogita Tyagi and N. G. Raghavendra Rao The purpose of this work was to optimize the emulgel formulation. When the gel and emulsion are used in the combined form, they are referred to as emulgel. And the use of gels has emerged both in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations, as compared to the other semisolid preparations. The use of emulgel can be extended in analgesics (aches and pains caused by colds, headaches, muscle aches, backaches, arthritis and other conditions & injuries) and antifungal drugs. The presence of a gelling agent in the water phase converts a classical emulsion into an emulgel. So emulgel can be used as better topical drug delivery systems over present systems. Emulgel is an interesting topical drug delivery system as it has a dual release control system, i.e., gel and emulsion. The review gives knowledge about emulgel including its properties, advantages, and formulation considerations.
178 CORONA VIRUS - A REVIEW OF COVID-19 , *Richa Arora and Neha Rastogi An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel Coronavirus (SARS- COV2), previously known as 2019 – nCOV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection, has spread throughout china and received worldwide attention. On 30th January 2020, WHO officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concerns. The emergency of SARS -CoV2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV) in 2002 and (MERS-COV) in 2012 marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic into human population in Twenty first century. As of 1st March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed case globally and 79,968 confirmed cases in china with 2,977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Increasingly evidence showed sustained human to human transmission along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, dry cough, fatigue and respiratory infection. The elderly and the small children under 10 years and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcome, which may be associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). In this review we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Covid-19 and discuss the current treatment and scientific advancement to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.
179 A REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID -19 , Shubham Kailas Shete,* and Sayali Pravin Jadhav Human being facing number of challenges in their life. One more addition in that the current situation of corona virus and spreads all over the world. In this article we explained how this virus spreads, its symptoms and about different countries affected with it like U.S., Japan, etc. We discussed targeted population of high risk to low risk with levels and how people goes through mental and psychic disturbances. We gave the information about possible vulnerable group, risk factors and psychological symptoms. We touched to stress and anxiety amongst male and female with the help of chart, also to grief and bereavement. This article mentions about population who need to be psychologically communicated and how impact can force people to be fearful. It includes how to come out of this situation particularly message for general people, isolated peoples, adults, children and mainly healthcare professionals/workers who are equal to God now. We briefly discussed an idea about different impacts with tips.
180 A REVIEW ON TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG , K. M. Pragati Negi*, Yogita Tyagi and Dr. N. G. Raghavendra Rao Hypertension is one of the largest death causing disease today. since, it is a chronic disease it requires long term treatment. As the antihypertensive drugs have certain disadvantages like more frequent administration, extensive first pass metabolism and variable bioequailability which make it an ideal candidate for Transdermal drug delivery system. The aim of this article is to review antihypertensive transdermal patches in perspective of enhancing the bioavailability and improving patient compliance. TDDS are topically administerded medicament. These transdermal patches are pharmaceutical preparation of varying sized containing one or mpre API and delivers the drug to systemic circulation.
181 IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON CORONA VIRUS INFECTION – REVIEW ARTICLE , Dr. K. Jeyaprakash*, Dr. S. Velavan, Dr. S. Ganesan and Dr. P. Arjun Protection of host against environmental agents such as pathogenic micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and chemicals, has been controlled by immune system, thereby preserving the integrity of the body. Adequate nutritional status should be maintained with appropriate intakes of calories, vitamins, minerals to preserve organism defense mechanisms and water that should be continuously provided by a healthy diet. The emergence of new infectious diseases with new pathogenic properties constitutes a serious health issue worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) represents one of the most recent emerging infectious diseases, caused by a novel coronavirus member called (SARS-CoV-2), identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and recognized as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The nutritional status of each COVID-19-infected patient should be assessed prior undertaking treatments. Nutritional support should be the basis of management of any infected individual. Therefore, preventive measures remain the first priority and strategy to develop throughout proper hygiene, healthy diet and staying home.
182 HEALTH HAZARDS OF MODERN LIVING - A PERSPECTIVE STUDY , Dr. Yashoda Tammineni* We are living in an era where modernization became the most important part of life. On the other hand, Modern life style becomes more and more an important factor influencing health state of most developed countries. Modern day living is a multifaceted compendium of evolving technology. In contrary, changing societies and rapid technological development have produced an ever-increasing variety of products, gadgets, agents and circumstances whose consequences are partly unknown, difficult to predict and capable of posing irreversible risks to human health. Despite the benefits offered by technology, it has a major drawback – its negative impact on our health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to bring a change in the lifestyle of people. Emphasis should be on health rather than comfort. People should be made aware about the health risks that are posed by the comfort and the lifestyle they prefer.
183 CURRENT SCENARIO ON COVID-19: A REVIEW , Selvaraj Selvamurugan* A severe respiratory disease was recently reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 25 January 2020, at least 1,975 cases had been reported since the frst patient was hospitalized on 12 December 2019. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan.The objective of this review article was to have a preliminary opinion and current scenario about the disease, the ways of treatment, and prevention in this early stage of COVID-19 outbreak.
184 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON HERBAL PHOTOPROTECTIVE PLANTS USED IN SUNSCREEN , Jyotsna A. Saonere (Suryawanshi)*, Dr. M. A. Channawar and Dr. Sharda L. Deore Sunlight emits visible light, UV radiation,prolong exposure to UV radiation causes immune suppression, early skin ageing, melanoma, erythema, skin pigmentation, skin cancer, sun burn, damaged to the skin, precancerous skin growth, formation of fine and coarse wrinkles, and photosensitivity reaction. Sunscreen are used to protect the skin from harmful effect of sunlight, sunscreen agent act by any one mechanism as to absorb, scatter or reflect sunlight. synthetic sunscreen produces various sensitizing reactions like photoirritation,contact dermatitis,blockage of pores,acne, systemic and local toxicity and allergic reaction because of that they have limited use. Flavonoids are polyphenolic constituents of plants which are mostly antioxidant and have the ability to scavange free radicals and produces protective effect from harmful UV radiation.This review discus in detail photoprotective potential of flavonoids, about more than 150 papers are selected for comprehensive review of photoprotective flavonoids from reputed journals.
185 DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF FLUCONAZOLE LOADED ANTIDANDRUFF HAIR GEL , N. G. Raghavendra Rao, Yogita Tyagi and Manisha Uniyal* Dandruff is a common clinical condition caused by increased growth of fungi and bacteria, it is a flaking of dead skin and over activity of the oil glands, known as seborrhea. Dandruff is a shedding of dead skin cell from the scalp and is suffered by almost 50% of the population and couses significant discomfort. Fluconazole is a imidazole derivative. It is used for the treatment of local and systemic fungal infection. Increased growth of fungi and bacteria on the scalp couse dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis which results in abnormal proliferation, scaling and flaking of scalp epidermis. Dandruff is commonly treated using shampoos or lotions cantaining imidazole, selenium sulphide, salicylic acid and zinc pyrithion. Shampoos or lotions do not use the long duration on the scalp and these cannot prevent reoccurrence. Hair gel last long on the scalp. In persent study was degined to formulate and evaluate different formulae of antidandruff gel containing fluconazole for treatment of dandruff. The fluconazole antidandruff hair gel was formulated by using different polymars with different concentration as carbopol 940, polyethyleneglycol, methyl peraben, glycerine, triethanolamine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
186 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND DRUG THERAPY , Diksha*, Anshul Chawla, Parminder Kaur and Rajwant kaur Alzheimerâ€Ÿs disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which there is a progressive loss in the structure and function of neurons. In a neuron, myelin sheath is highly affected in this disease. AD mainly affects the older people and is the fourth largest cause of death. In AD, because of overactivity of APP secretase, activation of β- and γ-pathways initiate that causes the overproduction of toxic amyloid species i.e. Aβ oligomers and amyloid plaques. The function of MAPs is to interact with tubulin and assemble them into microtubules to form a microtubule network. Dementia a chronic loss of cognition usually affecting memory and Alzheimer causes 50% to 80% of dementia causes. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of AD are still not known. Currently available drug therapies primarily consist of cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and some neuroprotective agents. Various target specific drugs from natural, organic and inorganic origins are studied which with the help of animal models can be evaluated to show a potential in the treatment of AD. All these available drugs show only symptomatic relief but not treating the cause of this disease.
187 ACHYRANTHES ASPERA A MIRACULOUS PLANT , E. Jajili*, M. Manoj Kumar, M. Sharon Rani and N. Geethika Achyranthes Aspera Linn is commonly seen in our surroundings but it has been used as a folk medicine over countries by Indian tribals it can be used to treat diseases, disorders, and also used as an insecticide. It can be even used as a antidote for scorpion bite. Its discussion is also seen in ayurvedic literatures like charaka samhita, sushruta samhita, vagbhata samhita under the name apamarga. Unbelievably, we found that there are more than 40 medicinal uses in this plant which are presented in this article.
188 NOVEL APPROACHES FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS , Roobal Chaudhary* and Gagandeep Kaur Solubility is one of the most critical criteria for achieving optimal concentration of the drug in systemic circulation to exert therapeutic effect. Solubility can be defined as the solute dissolving phenomenon to give a homogenous system. An effective formulation depends on how effectively drug is made available at the place of action. Drugs having high aqueous solubility get absorbed through GIT membrane and reaches in systemic circulation easily. Poor aqueous solubility is the main problem facing the development of new API formulations and generic production. The solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs must therefore be increased, because these drugs are weak in absorption and less bioavailable. This review is intended to with discuss thoroughly different techniques employed to enhance the aqueous solubility along appropriate examples of drugs whose solubility is enhanced by these techniques. There are number of solubility enhancement techniques include micronization, nanonization, super critical fluid method, spray freezing into liquids, hydrotropy method, solid dispersion, salt formation, co-solvency, addition of solubilizing agents, complexation and pH adjustment etc. Selection of the method for enhancing the solubility depends on the drug properties, the site of absorption and the features of the appropriate dosage type. The purpose of this review article is to describe BCS classification system, various solubility enhancement techniques of poorly soluble drugs with increased bioavailability for successful absorption and also tried to focus on the factors affecting process of solubilization.
189 BRIEF REVIEW OF LAUHA MARANA W.S.R. TO PHYSIO CHEMICAL CHANGES , Dr. Mamta Ramgopal Biyani, Dr. Nalini Ramesh Hedaoo, Dr. Ujwala Ashokrao Jadhao Introduction -Marana is the procedure which purified and detoxified material and converted into easy assimilation, absorbable and adaptable form. Loha bhasma is mineral based Ayurvedic medicine. It contains elemental iron microfine particle prepared through the process of calcination under high temperature. Marana brings many physio chemical changes like reduction in particle size to gain biological benefit. Aims and Objectives- To do detailed study on Lauha Marana,To Evaluate chemical changes during Marana procedure in lauha bhasma Discussion - Lauha should not be taken less than 5 Pala and more than 13 Pala for processing. Kant lauha and Tikshna lauha is considered as best raw material for lauha bhasma preparation. Lauha marana or incineration process mostly follow Trividha paka method that are Bhanupaka, Sthalipaka and Putapaka. Triphala contains ascorbic acid which increases the bioavailability of Iron by converting Fe3+ to Fe2+. Repetition in heating and cooling just like in samanya and vishesh shodhana causes disruption in compression tension equilibrium and leads to increased brittleness, reduction in hardness, and finally reduction in the particle size. During Bhanupaka the ultraviolet radiation present in the sunlight reduces the oxidation state of Fe in the presence of Vitamin C present in the Triphala decoction thereby improving the bioavailability. Conclusion- Lauha bhasma is a mixture of ferrous oxide, Ferrous Sulphide, Ferric Oxide and other trace element.
190 A REVIEW–EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL NANOEMULSION , Shital Shivaji Chavan and Purushottam Sahadev Lahane* The herbal medicines have been popularized throughout the globe since ancient time. Several plants based therapeutic moiety have been produced through new approaches. Many herbal bioactive have several health benefits but have limited therapeutic potential due to short biological half-life and moderate bioavailability profile. To improve such therapeutic issues nanocarriers were introduced such as phytosomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, herbal transdermal patches, nanoemulsion. They have the ability to maximize the efficacy of herbal bioactives by improving their solubility, absorption profile, lowering dose and side effects. Nanoemulsion is a mixing of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and drug that can spontaneously form oil-in-water micro/nanoemulsion when mixed with water under continuous stirring. The solubility and bioavailability of nanoemulsion is achieved by its lipophilic nature and size reduction. The nanoemulsions can vehicle the herbal bioactive to the particular target site and offer sustained release of drug. The present review describes the importance of nanoemulsions for delivery of herbal drug.
191 THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) CAUSATIVE AGENT FOR HUMAN RESPIRATORY DISEASES , Pratik V. Malvade*, Rutik V. Malvade, Shubham P. Varpe and Prathamesh B. Kadu The newly founded human coronavirus has named as Covid-19. The full form of Covid-19 is “Co-Corona, vi- virus and d- disease”. The Covid-19 is also named as 2019-nCoV because of it was firstly identified at the end of 2019. The coronavirus are the group of various types of viruses i.e. some have positive-sense, single stranded RNA and they are covered within the envelope made up of protein. Still now days seven human coronaviruses are identified are Nl 63, 229E, OC43, HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and latest Covid-19 also known as SARS-CoV-2. From above all, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV causes the highest outbreak but the outbreak of Covid-19 is much more than the other any virus. The coronavirus is easily transmitted from person-to-person and hence the World Health Organization called it the pandemic disease. The coronavirus firstly affects the lings of human causing Pneumonia. The major symptoms are cough, sore throat, breathlessness and complete body pain. This virus affects the leukocyte count and platelet count also. This virus affect many organ and organ systems of human body such as kidney, lungs, spleen, etc. and urinary system, Respiratory system. The diagnosis is done by the bacterial and fungal culture and also by the Real Time-PCR technique. The some symptomatic drug treatment are given such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Clotrimazole, Econazole, Amprenavir (Agenerase), Arbidol, etc. In future some vaccines are may available which are Leronlimab (PRO-140), mRNA vaccine, INO-4800, Remdesivir, etc. Avoid the meeting to infected person, avoid going to infected area, these are the some measures to control the viral infection. In this review article we included the all information about coronaviruses and Covid-19.
192 AN OVERVIEW OF SHWETA PRADARA IN AYURVEDA W.S.R TO ITS TREATMENT PRINCIPLES , *Dr. Sapna Kaushish, Dr. Amrit Malik, Dr. Chinky Goyal and Dr. Sudhir Malik Shweta Pradara is one of the most common and burning problem faced by the women all around the globe. No woman is an exception to this illness. Many of the gynaecological disorders present Shweta pradara as the major complaint which if neglected may lead to ascending infections harming the general health and disturbing the women psychologically. Shweta pradara can be a symptom of many diseases as well as an independent entity. The white discharge with foul smell makes it embracing to get into the social gatherings and even engaging in to her personal affairs. The white discharge may start as a simple problem and end in severity up to infertility if not treated at right time. There are many treatments prescribed for this problem but not free from side effects and reoccurrence. Hence selection of an appropriate treatment without disturbing the other system is very much essential. The present study has been designed to substantiate the Nidana and Samprapti, Samprapti Vighantana of Shweta Pradara, so that an alternative better form of therapy can be made available in those suffering from Shweta Pradara. Taking into account, the complications of untreated Shweta Pradara like infertility etc. It is therefore imperative that this condition be actively treated and the quality of life be restored.
193 ROLE OF JALAUKAVACHARANA IN RAKTAMOKSHANA , *Dr. S. V. Shailaja BAMS MD (Shalya Tantra) and Dr. Jambavathi S. Rakta is considered as the moola (root) and support for the body. It is the main cause for sustainance of life.[1] Rakta is considered as fourth dosha by Acharya Sushruta.[2] It can get vitiated by the other doshas resulting in various disorders. So raktamokshana is considered as the best method to remove dushita rakta. Jalaukavacharana is one of the most comfortable and non-invasive therapy to remove the dushita rakta where in many of the skin disorders, and other rakta pradohaja vikaras can be treated successfully.
194 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR IN-SITU GEL OF ANTIVIRAL AGENT: ACYCLOVIR , Mitali Kuril*, Revathi A. Gupta and Monika Mann The key objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate in-situ gelling system based on sol-to-gel transition for ophthalmic delivery of an antiviral agent acyclovir, to overcome the problems of poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional formulations. Acyclovir is an antiviral agent preferentially used in the treatment of infections caused by herpes simplex virus and highly useful to treat herpes simplex keratitis. The significant problem in the ocular drug delivery is the achievement of optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Development of therapeutic agents which need a repeated long-term administration is a carter for the sustained release drug delivery systems, to result in less frequent dosing and less invasive techniques. Therefore, in- situ gel a novel drug delivery system has been developed to overcome the anatomical barriers and ocular bioavailability constrains. Gellan gum natural polymer was used as the gelling agent and also acted as a viscosity enhancing agent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, clarity, drug content, gelling capacity, invitro drug release. The developed in-situ gel provided sustained drug release over a 6 hours period of time. The optimized formulation was found to be nonirritating with no ocular damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Hence the developed formulation can be used as an in-situ gelling vehicle by virtue of its increased corneal residence time and prolonged drug release could be considered a viable alternative to achieving enhanced bioavailability and helped in the reduction in the frequency of instillation there by resulting in better patient compliance.
195 ESTIMATION OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA FOR ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY , Dr. Juluri Krishna Dutta Tejaswi* The anti-depressant activity of Ethanolic root extract of Annona Squamosa (EREAS) belongs to the family Annonaceae by oral administration at dose according to the body weight in a sequential manner in healthy albino rats was done by using Imipramine as standard drug. Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension tests (TST) was done on plant extract given in three doses (100, 200 and 300mg/kg) by dose dependent manner. 300mg/kg plant extract showed decreased immobility time near as to that of the standard drug. The decrease in immobility period in both the models was observed starting from 200 mg/kg. But the increase in dose from 200 to 300 mg/kg produces further reduction in immobility period.
196 EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF LABLAB PURPUREU , Dr. Sourabh Jain*, Jitendra Singh Yadav and Dr. Karunakar Shukla For the current study medicinal plant Lablab purpureus was selected. The introduction of antibiotics transformed the way by which infectious sickness were treated. Rapidly, widespread infections became effortlessly curable and outbursts of infectious ailment were eagerly controlled. Though, the announcement of triumph over bacterial pathogens was early. Antimicrobial resistance rapidly emerged to decrease the clinical value of every novel antibiotic that was developed. Alleviation of antimicrobial resistance is therefore essential, and necessitates that veterinarians and further health proficient’s appreciate antibiotic sensitivity and resistance at the organism, population, molecular and cellular levels. The effort is intended for the antimicrobial action for (bacterial and fungal species) and separation and categorization by spectral analysis. Followed by antioxidant and wound healing evaluation of the extracts and spectral analysis for isolation and characterization of active compounds. The research presented in this thesis focused on antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing action of such resource, as plants are recognized to be fairly resistant to most microbes are traditionally used for ailments like wounds, burns etc. Therefore, specific focus was given on antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and wound healing activity.
197 COMPARING THE RIPASA SCORE WITH THE ALVARADO SCORE IN DIAGNOSING ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING AL-SHAHID AL-SADR GENERAL HOSPITAL , *Dr. Khidhir Abbas Aliwii Al-Shmailawi, Dr. Kadhim Hadi Badr Al Salloomee and Dr. Sahib Baqer Abdulhusein Mudhafar Appendicitis is one of the most frequently experienced abdominal surgery. The acute appendicitis diagnosis is primarily in the form of symptoms and signs. Symptoms of acute appendicitis at an early stage of presentation overlap with other conditions that make the diagnosis a challenging task. The Alvarado score and RIPASA score allow for risk stratification of abdominal pain patients, which links the likelihood of appendicitis to recommendations for discharge, observation and surgery. This study aimed to compare between the Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients attending the Al-Shahid Al-Sadr general hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. The descriptive prospective study was carried on (50) patients of both sexes with an apparent clinical picture of acute appendicitis aged (19-59) years. Pregnant women were excluded from the study. Results showed that the sample mean age was 23±14 years. The Alvarado scoring system’s sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 67% respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of RIPASA scoring system was 95% and 67% respectively. It can be concluded from our study that the RIPASA score is currently a better diagnostic scoring system than the Alvarado score with higher sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction, negative prediction and diagnostic correctness.
198 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF ANACID TABLET (POLYHERBAL FORMULATION) WITH ITS ANTI OXIDANT AND ULCER PROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES IN PYLORUS LEGATED INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER , Nilesh Patel, Dr. Janmejay Patel, Achal Patel, Dr. Ankitkumar M. Paneliya* Introduction: Because of the large and growing use of natural derived substances in all over the world, it is not wise to rely only on tradition or millenarian beliefs; descriptive and pragmatic studies are useful and should be considered to attainment of reliable data regarding toxicity and efficacy of substance. Aim: To evaluate Anacid Tablet (AT) (polyherbal formulation) for its acute oral toxicity with antioxidant and ulcer protective activities in Peptic ulcer. Method: The certification of IAEC (SKPCPER/IAEC/2016-02/01) as per the CPCSEA was obtained for present study. The acute oral toxicity was done according to OECD guideline AOT-425 to know single dose (2000 mg/kg) toxicity of test drug on swiss albino mice. The effect of AT on peptic ulcer was assessed in Pylorus ligation induced ulcer model in Albino Wister Rats. Various gastric parameters (gastric volume, pH, free & total acidity, ulcer index) and oxidative stress marker level (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase, malondialdehyde-MDA) were assessed to know the effect of test drug in comparison with other controlled groups. Results: There were no any physical - behavioral changes and mortality were observed in any animal during period of 14 days. The obtained result of test drug treated group in comparison to various control and standard drug treated group shows significant increase in pH and decrease in gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index. Significant effect was observed on antioxidant marker level in test drug treated group as compare to other groups.Conclusion: The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of Anacid Tablet is 2000 mg/kg as it did not produce any toxic effect at that dose. The Anacid Tablet has significant ulcer protective and antioxidant properties.
199 A STUDY ON SCREENING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL , Dr. R. Navakanth Raju* and Dr. K. Narotham Reddy Introduction: Adverse drug reaction is a response to a drug which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for modification of physiological function. Objectives: To screen and evaluate the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the dermatology department and to identify common class of drugs responsible for ADRs and categorize the adverse drug reactions by using WHO causality assessment scale. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Inpatient and outpatient department of dermatology in RIMS Government general hospital, Kadapa. The present study was conducted for a period of 6 months from November-2016 to April 2017. All the recruited subjects (N=500) in the both in-patient and out-patient Department of Dermatology were screened. Results: During the study period a total of 500 patients were screened in the department of dermatology for adverse drug reactions (ADR). Out of which 17 patients encountered for ADR. Out of 17 ADRs, 6 ADRs encountered during treatment in the department of dermatology, 5 ADRs were ADR related admitted admission into department of dermatology, 6 ADRs were identified during refer from other department. The incidence of the study was 3.5%. Causality assessment of ADRs by NARANJO scale was found to be Definite-0%, Probable-35.30%, Possible-64.70% and Doubtful-0%. In our study out of 17 patients, in 8 patients suspected drug was discontinued, in 7 patients the drug has been not changed, dose reduction was done in the 2 patients. Conclusion: From the results it was concluded that steroids and anti-retrovirals are most common implicated drugs responsible for adverse drug reactions and most effected organ system is skin and a wide clinical spectrum of ADRs ranging from mild maculopapular rash to serious stevens johnson syndrome was observed. Educating the patients and health care professionals on adverse drug reactions prevention can reduce the chances of occurrence of ADRs in hospitals.
200 EXCITEMENT AROUND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE FOR TREATING COVID 19 , Vaishnavi Gopal Tupkar* The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), Also called as COVID-19, has caused a pendemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. And Hydroxychloroquine has been widely administered to patients with covid- 19. The malaria drug hydroxychloroquine helped to speed the recovery of small number of patients who were mildly ill from covid19. Due to this its going to send a ripple of excitement out through the treating community. The drug that has received the most attention is Hydroxychloroquine. and its working against covid- 19 can create more excitement around everywere.
201 EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL IMPACT ON AWARENESS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG THE ADULTS AT SILAVATTAM VILLAGE, KANCHEEPURAM DISTSRICT , K. Suganthi* Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On 24th March 1882, Robert Koch announced the discovery of the causative bacillus of tuberculosis to the Berlin Physiological Society. The Worldâ€Ÿs tuberculosis day is celebrated on March 24. This day marks one of the most significant landmarks in the history of medicine.
202 INTEGRATIVE APPROACH FOR DIABETIC FOOT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY , Dr. Sheetal Gupta* and Dr. Rahul Sharma Diabetic foot is usually caused by a combination of three factors - Ischaemia, peripheral neuropathy and immunosuppression caused by excess of sugar in the tissues which predisposes to infection. Diabetic foot management in the contemporary science include drainage of Pus, debridement of dead tissues with local amputation of necrotic digits and antibiotics. Similarly, in Ayurveda Shasthi Upakramas [60 interventions] have been mentioned to treat different types of wound based on their presenting symptoms. In the present case, patient was managed with both Ayurveda and Allopathy conveniently along with other techniques which latest biomedical engineering can provide.
203 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA ENDEMICITY BASED ON RISK FACTOR MODELS OF VECTOR BEHAVIOR, VECTOR TREATMENT, AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE POTENTIAL OF MALARIA EVENTS IN MANGGARAI DISTRICT IN 2019 , Yohanes Yan Kemismar*, Pius Weraman and Imelda Manurung Background: Malaria cases in NTT province continue to decline but until now it is still an endemic area and accounts for around 21% of Malaria cases in Indonesia (NTT Health Office, 2017). In endemic areas, Malaria affects the burden on the health sector both in hospitals and health centers, Malaria also causes economic losses including losses from the tourism sector due to the threat of this disease to tourists. Malaria can also reduce labor productivity and increase the absenteeism of school students where 8% of student absences are due to Malaria (Unicef Kupang, 2016). In the last 5 years, API (Annual Parasite Incidence) in Manggarai district decreased, in 2014 it was 0.22, in 2015 it was 0.16, in 2016 it was 0.19, in 2017 it was 0.09 and in 2018 it was 0.09. And the main requirement for a Malaria-free area is the Annual Parasite Incident (API), or annual parasitic incidents, under one per 1,000 population and there is no case of Malaria in the local population for three consecutive years (NTT Provincial Health Office, 2018). Objective: to analyze spatially, individual characteristics, behavior of Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes, breeding places for Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes, surveillance systems that are related to the potential incidence of malaria in Manggarai district. Method: This research is quantitative research with analytic observation approach, and case-control design. Case-control is a study conducted by comparing two groups, namely the case group and the control group (Notoatmodjo, 2010). Case-control studies are carried out by identifying case groups and control groups, then retrospectively investigating risk factors that might explain whether cases and controls may be exposed to exposure or not. in this study, data on the potential for Malaria events were identified at this time and then associated with risk factors namely the behavior of vectors (Anopheles sp), vector breeding places (Anopheles sp. mosquitoes), individual characteristics, and surveillance systems. Results: bivariate analysis, the variables that had influence were age, sex, occupation, population mobility, presence, type, distance, presence, type, paddy field distance, existence, type, buffalo puddle distance, existence, type, distance like fish, existence, type, gutter distance, existence, type,the distance of buffalo footprints, presence, type, the distance of puddles with p-value <0.25, Anopheles sp. the final model of two variables simultaneously influencing the potential for Malaria events in Manggarai Regency is> 35 years of age having an opportunity of 0.378 times and population mobility, 8,750 times. Conclusion: there is a relationship between vector behavior, vector breeding place, population mobility and age of population> 35 years to the potential for malaria in Manggarai district.
204 CORONARY ARTERY STENT: HISTORY, TYPES, MANUFACTURING PROCESS , Vikas Hatekar*, Rahul Kharad and Aashish Ahire Coronary artery disease is the greatest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is caused by the deposition of plaque. Current pharmacological anti-atherosclerotic modalities that are still unsuccessful in controlling the disease and improvements in clinical interventions are urgently needed. Blocked atherosclerotic arteries are treated with an expandable metal stent in hospitals. Various types of stents are available on the market to treat clogged cardiac arteries and reduce the risk of heart attack. Herein, the current stent technology and their manufacturing processes are reviewed.
205 CORONAVIRUS 2 (COVID-19): EPIDEMIC DISEASE - A REVIEW , Prof. M. H. Fulekar*, Radhey Shyam Kaushal, Jyoti Fulekar and Gangawane A. K. Coronavirus-2 belongs to coronaviridae family; the first known severe illness caused by corona virus emerges (2003) as SARS in China followed by second outbreak of severe illness began (2012) as MERS in Saudi Arabia. Further, in December 2019 corona virus outbreak was initiated from the animal such as bat, frogs, snakes, birds, marmots and rabbits and transfer to human being from human seafood market in Wuhan city of China and spread to whole world. The National Health Commission China (Jan 12th, 2020) released coronavirus as epidemic with sign and symptomsfever, dry cough, running nose, sore throat etc. Now coronavirus-2 epidemic disease spread from China to USA and throughout the world. Coronavirus-2 epidemic infected number of peoples, few are recovered and many peoples are died. The data available online in respect to Indian scenario has been highlighted. World Health Organization recommended drugs: Remdesivir, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir and Ritonavir. However, there is no specific drug or vaccines available for coronavirus-2 disease. The leading research Institutes/Universities working on the invention of coronavirus-2 drug throughout the world. In view of the severity of the coronavirus-2 epidemic to pandemic the present paper has highlighted the origin of coronavirus-2 disease, transmission, entry to the human body, mechanism of human coronavirus-2, epidemiology and pathology. WHO report on coronavirus-2 in brief, their potential therapeutic measures including Indian Ayurvedic – prevention measures as well as precautionary measures suggested by scientist are reviewed as a reference material for further studies.
206 GENETIC DIVERSITY OF DJELLI ZEBU OF NIGER USING MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS , Zakari Idde Yahaya*, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo, Mani Maman, Maurice Konkombo, Souleymane Sylla, Moumouni ISSA and Hamani Marichatou The present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity in of the Djelli zebu of Niger sampled in three departments (Kollo, Say, Tera) of the Tillaberi region and in the peri-urban area of Niamey. A total of 20 microsatellite markers were used to genotype 114 animals. The results showed a high variability in the subpopulations studies. The number of alleles ranged from 5 (BM1824 and HAUT27) to 12 alleles (MM12) and while the allelic richness calculated using the rarefaction correction varied from 0.427 (SPS115) to 0.802 (HEL9). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the department of Kollo and the lowest in the subpopulation of Niamey. The highest genetic distance values were observed between the Say and Niamey subpopulations while the lowest were between Kollo and Tera. The Bayesian clustering method showed that the most consistent gain in information was obtained with K = 2 and from K = 3 to K = 6, some individuals displayed less than 1% of their genome in other clusters.
207 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION PACKAGE ON LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS’’AT SRM GENERAL HOSPITAL, KATTANKULATHUR , *P. Malarvizhi and Selvakani Pandian Msc (N) Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Objective: The aim of the study is to improve the level of knowledge on complications of diabetes mellitus among diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of information education communication package on knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus among patients with diabetes mellitus The 60 study samples selected by non-probability sampling technique. After getting the written consent samples was allocated into two groups. Experimental group(30 patients) were provided with pre-test, IEC Package and posttest, the control group (30patients) were provided with the pretest and posttest without any intervention. The data collected with the help of demographic data and self-structured questionnaire regarding complications of diabetes mellitus. Result: The study result showed that posttest knowledge score of control group shows 54.877%, the experimental group shows that 81.33%. Experimental group those who received IEC package on complications of Diabetes mellitus ‘p’ value 0.0001 is more significant than control group ‘p’ value 0.003. Result shows experimental group who received IEC package have more knowledge than control group. The study concludes that diabetic clients have a remarkable increased in knowledge regarding complications of Diabetes mellitus after implementation of Information Education Communication package. As members of the health team, nurses play a vital role in improving knowledge of patient regarding complications of diabetes mellitus.
208 OUTBREAK OF CORONA VIRUS , Shreya Kumar, Kumaresh Kundu and Saptarshi Panigrahi* This year 2020 have started with enormous fear and pessimism, mainland whole universe is suffering from a new respiratory virus, quite infamously known as Corona virus. Corona virus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus that is many times found in humans and wildlife creatures. A total six species of the virus, have been identified that infect humans. They are known to infect the neurological, respiratory, enteric and hepatic system. Few decennary have seen endemic out breaks in the form of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. Due to few, strain called SARS -CoV-2 virus. Most recent initially outbreak abandoned as pneumonia of rummy etiology in a fascicle of patients in Wuhan, China. Highly contagious disease is known as SARS-CoV-2 and has be gotten in a swift pandemic of COVID -19. SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to human and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to human. Its droplets do help in the transmission of the disease. Aged people and cardiac patients have more chances of getting infected by this severe respiratory disease. Hand wash is the best desisting from this respiratory virus. Primary and secondary health care provides a means to flourish awareness during this current pandemic. The clinical information for the fecund, legislation, repulsion and monitor of patients universally are most up-to-date. Avoid crowds with humid atmosphere, so try your best to remain away from any public gatherings and use mask to isolate yourself from others, preventing the spread of virus through each other's sputum. Take sufficient water to keep yourself hydrated and maintain good immune, also prefer taking some immunity boosters, keep away from stress, and sleep well. . Avoid medication without prescription and have more of proteinaceous food.
209 TRANSUNGUAL: THE NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM , Pratik V. Malvade*, Sayli R. Chavan, Dhanashri B. Bhagat, Komal R. Ghorpade The tranungual drug delivery system or nail drug delivery system is very effective on nail disorders. The transungual drug delivery is directly interact with infected part of nail and it cure infected part very rapidly as compared to oral route drugs or other any route of administration of drugs. And this drug delivery system is with minimum adverse effects on body. But after too many good things the some difficulties are also present in this system i.e. the permeability of nail is quite low which affects permeability of drug across the nail. Hence in this review article we discussed about anatomy of nail, some disorders of nail and penetration enhancing methods. The drug delivery through nail plate are used in nail plate e.g. onychomycosis, green nail syndrome, paronychia and leukonychia. The nail disorders are mainly cause due to fungal or any microbial infection. The some formulations which are generally prescribed are Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Itraconazole, and Fluconazole. The some factors also affects the penetration power of nail are molecular size of drug, concentration of nail and vehicle used in formulation. In this review article we collect the information about nail anatomy, disorders of nail, drug penetration enhancing methods and treatment on the nail disorders.
210 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF VATARI GUGGULU, MAHARASNADI KWATHA AND NARAYAN TAILA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE , *Dr. Sheetal Gupta and Dr. Rahul Sharma In present era, pharmacological, biochemical and surgical interventions are not successful remedy for osteoarthritis (OA). Ayurveda and complementary medicine have medication for OA. Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic combination of vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila with gentle massage for 15 min daily up to 12 weeks on affected knee joint pain assessed on Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Materials and methods: It was an open label, multicenter, prospective, clinical study conducted on 142 patients of OA Knee, Vatari guggulu 500 mg thrice in a day along with Maharasnadi Kwatha 20 ml with equal amount of water twice daily and Narayan taila 20 ml twice in a day for external application with gentle massage for 15 min up to 12 weeks were used to all the study participants. Results: VAS, WOMAC score and clinical symptoms were reduced significantly from baseline to end of the treatment. Conclusions: The study provides good evidence in support of the efficacy and safety of the Vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi Kwatha and Narayan taila in the management of Osteoarthritis knee.
211 A REVIEW ON RISK OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE [COVID19] IN PREGANCY , Malshikare Swapnali Sanjay, Shinde Jitendra V.* and Kshatriya Pravin Jamnadas Introduction: The happening of the new corona virus china in 2019 and afterward in varied countries round the world has raised consideration regarding the like hood of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to craniates. The present study aimed to review printed literature regard . METHOD: We have a tendency to reviewed the danger of transmission of COVID-19 to the craniates of infected mother by victimization information of printed articles on web site. Conclusion: Currently, supported restricted information, there is no proof for intrauterine transmission of COVI- 19 from infected pregnant ladies to their fetuses. Mother could also be at accrued risk for a lot of severe metabolic process complications.
212 OCULAR MANIFESTATION IN HEAD INJURY , Kali Shankar Das and *Dr. Athokpam Poireiton Aim: To evaluate the pattern and clinical profile of ocular injury in patients hospitalized and managed for head injury at a tertiary teaching hospital in Eastern India. Material and methods: This is a prospective cross sectional study, carried out in 190 patients tertiary teaching hospital. This study is done with the patients who are admitted at NRS Medical College and Hospital for head injury over a period of six months. Results: Male are more comparing to female. Road traffic accidents with two-wheeler is most common for head injury. Most frequent soft tissue injury is periorbital ecchymosis (95 patients). Most frequent neuro-ophthalmic manifestation is abducent nerve palsy. Orbital fracture with ruptured globe is also recorded. Conclusion: The most common cause of head injury is road traffic accident. The most common oculovisual complications following head injury are damages to the globe, adenexae and ocular cranial nerve palsies. All patients with head injury should also undergo eye check-up along with head injury treatment.
213 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DOSHAJ PANDU VYADHI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BLOOD INDICES , Dr. Ratnaraj Charu Patil* and Dr. Sachin Ashok Naik Panduvyadhi is a prominent disease of Rasavahasrotas. It has five types viz. Vataja,Pittaja,kaphaja, sannipatika and Mrudabakshanjanya Pandu. Out of these first four are called as Doshaj Pandu.1 The Differential diagnosis of Pandu depends upon the symptoms i.e. on the subjective assessment. But if clinical diagnosis of Doshaj Pandu is confirmed with the help of proved parameters as blood indices, it would be helpful to decide line of treatment. Hence we require objective criteria to differentiate types of Pandu vyadhi.
214 ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF ROSES CULTIVATED IN QUETTA , Mashaal Sharif, Nizam Baloch*, Muhammad Asghar, Mohammad Faheem, Tamoor Khan, Murad Bibi, Muhammad Kamran Khan Isolation and determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in different varieties of roses (rose hip fruit) cultivated in the District Quetta, Balochistan is described for the first time in this document. Research and different studies show that the rose hip contain vitamin C as an active ingredient 500-1000%. Six samples of roses that belongs to family “Rosaceae” was first selected and then used for the determination of ascorbic acid. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) content in different varieties of roses (Rose hip fruit) was prepared and then has been determined by using spectrophotometric and titrimetric method. The kinetic reaction between methylene blue (MB+) and vitamin C was studied in the spectrophotometric method with the carried measurement at maximum absorption λmax. 665nm. It was founded that the vitamin C content in six different varieties were 2556, 7323, 9011, 2167, 5045 and 5234 mg/100 g of dry weight sample, whereas the titrimetric method shows the following results as 2405, 7406, 9261, 2007, 5104 and 5020 mg/ 100 g of dry weight of the six samples respectively. Obtained results shown that the investigated roses are good source of vitamin C.
215 FORMATION OF FARM USEFUL INDEXES OF GENERATION FOR AN INCREASE OF BREEDING INDEX OF GENOTYPE OF BLACK MOTLEY BULLS OF HOLSTEIN BREED , Dosmukhamedova Mukhayyo Khusnitdinovna*, Shakirov Kakhramon Juraboevich, Mamurov Golib and Ruziev Oybek The article depicts genotype evaluation and selection of black motley bull-improvers of Holstein breed imported from Germany to “Uznaslchilik” state enterprise. According to obtained and analyzed main parameters of bull-improvers, a total merit index of bull genotype (RZG) and official index for production (RZM), conformation traits (RZE), somatic cell score (RZS), fertility (RZN) and farm use (RZR) indexes were estimated and analyzed. These indexes were estimated and selected individually per bull. Estimation and selection procedures on imported bull-improvers are being implemented together with republic breeding farms on breeding herds. These imported productive bulls are obtained from individual ordered selection and pairing of the parental ancestors estimated by generation quality.
216 FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF WILD AND SEMI WILD EDIBLE TREE SPECIES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF TIGRAI, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA , Redae Nigusse and Awash Tesfay Even though the wild and semi-wild edible tree/shrub species play an important role in ecological balance and livelihood improvement, they are not being managed well. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition, diversity, and population structure of wild and semi-wild edible tree/shrub species in lowland agro-ecology of Mereb-leke district across different land use types (farmland, exclosure, riverine and homestead). A total of 38 sample plots, i.e. 6 plots from farmland, 8 from the riverside, 8 from exclosure, and 16 plots from homestead were used proportional to their size. Transects lines were laid out systematically parallel to each other in each of the land-use types to record the species composition, diversity, population structure. Along the transect lines, 50 m X 50 m quadrats with 100 m distance between the plots were systematically laid down and the distance between consecutive transect lines was 100 m. One way ANOVA was employed to analyze the difference in the diversity indices between the land use types. A total of 8 wild and semi-wild edible tree/shrub representing 7 families were documented. The diversity indices were not significantly varied (P=0.24) between farmland (0.3±0.14), exclosure (0.29±0.12), riverine (0.26±0.13), and homestead land use types (0.28±0.07) in the lowland. However, the abundance of wild and semi-wild edible tree/shrub species in homestead (42±9.6) was showed significantly higher (P=0.001) than the riverine (9.3±2.3), farmland (19±11.7), and exclosure (8.5±1.1). Except in homestead land use types, the population structure of wild and semi-wild species in farmland, exclosure, and riverine were unhealthy regeneration potential. The Homestead agroforestry system should be improved for the better regeneration potential of wild and semi-wild edible tree/shrub species in the Mereb leke district.
217 FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF WOODY SPECIES IN PARKLAND AGROFORESTRY PRACTICE IN TIGRAI, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA , Redae Nigusse* and Yeabyo Welearegay Multipurpose tree species grown in scattered form over a crop field (parkland agroforestry practice) supports to smallholder farmers’ livelihoods and play a critical role in biodiversity conservation. However, there is still gap of knowledge on the biological legacies of farm land trees in terms of biodiversity conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the floristic composition and diversity of parkland agroforestry in lower (1700-1900 m a.s.l.) and upper (1901-2333 m a.s.l.) midland of Tahtay Maichew district. A total of 20 plots with 100 m X 100 m quadrat were used to collect vegetation data along two parallel transect lines per each midland category. Independent sample t-test was employed to analysis the diversity indices. The result show that, except Simpson’s index, the Shannon, Richness and evenness indices were not significantly varied between the lower and upper midland categories. A total of 21 woody species composition under 11 families in the lower and 21 woody species belongs to 17 families in the upper midland category were documented. The overall DBH and height class distribution of each midland category ratifies irregular inverted J-shape population pattern. Promoting farmer managed natural regeneration through appropriate system such as zero grazing system is highly required.
218 THE EFFECT OF YEAST CULTURE (SACCHAROMYCES SPP.) SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS ON FEED EFFICIENCY AND YOLK CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN LOHMANN BROWN LAYING HENS , *Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa and I. Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura This study was planned to examine the effect of inclussion of yeast culture (YC) in the ration as a probiotic on feed efficiency and yolk cholesterol levels in Lohmann Brown laying hens. This study used as many as two hundred and forty Lohmann Brown laying hens up to 70 weeks old in a completely randomized design with 4 kinds of treatments, namely: the diets (CP: 17% and ME: 2750 kcal/kg) were fortified with levels of probiotik YC at 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.30% to prepare diets Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively. The results showed that supplementation from 0.20 to 0.30% of yeast culture in the ration, was significant (P<0.05) can increase total egg weight, egg production, feed efficiency, egg shell thickness and egg yolk color. Supplementation of yeast culture in the ration apparently had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption and final body weight. Dietary inclusion of 0.20-0.30% YC significantly (P<0.05) reduced the levels of yolk cholesterol in the hens of all treated groups when compared to those of control group. It was concluded that supplementation from 0.20 to 0.30% Yeast culture in the ration could increase egg production, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness and egg yolk color of Lohmann Brown hens, and reduce yolk cholesterol content.
219 ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF WILD EDIBLE TREES AND SHRUBS OF CENTRAL TIGRAI, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA , Awash Tesfay* Wild edible trees and shrubs play an important contribution to food and traditional medicine. Many valuable wild edible plants are familiar to certain areas or to certain communities but are unknown to others. So, this research is done with the objective to study the type of valuable wild edible trees and shrubs in the study area. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 173 respondents. In addition, focus group discussion was also held with 40 key informants. Ethnobotanical data were collected in the presence of local administrators. A total of 22 wild edible trees and shrubs belonging to 14 families were recorded. Moraceae families were the dominant families in the area. The majority (63.6%) of Wild edible trees were found in natural forests followed by riparian forests (27.3%). All of the wild edible tree species (100%) recorded in this study were eaten their raw fruit part. of the total wild edible trees and shrubs recorded, 18.2% were used for medicinal purposes, and 32% were used for construction. Even though the income contribution of the wild edible trees is not comparable to the income of annual crops, an important contribution can be obtained from the wild edible trees especially in the dry season. Overgrazing and agricultural expansions are critical factors for threatening wild and semi-wild plants. High conservational demand of the most endangered wild edible tree species like Syzigium guineense, Tamarindus indica, Ximenia americana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sycomorus, Mimusops kummel, and Diospyros mespliformis is important.
220 EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF VENTRAL INCISIONAL HERNIA PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROTOMY , *Dr. Qasim Mohammed Faraj, Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ubaid and Dr. Basim Abdulhussein Talib Incisional hernia is the second most common type of hernia after inguinal hernia. It is a complication of abdominal surgery, reported in up to 11% of patients generally and in up to 20% of those who developed post-operative wound infection. The list of predictive factors associated with development of incisional hernia is obesity, diabetes mellitus, steroid, smoking, old age, malnutrition, COPD and type of incision. This hospital based cross sectional observational study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and clinical presentation of incisional hernia to reduce its occurrence by developing a preventive strategy to patients undergoing laparotomy. It was carried out from February 2018 to October 2019 in surgery department of Al-shahid Al-Sadr General hospital-Baghdad / Iraq on 80 patients diagnosed with incisional hernia. Results in the present study showed that the mean age of study subjects was 51.25±10.54 years. Around two-third 67.5% were females. 46.3% of perforation and 32.4% of LSCS cases later developed to incisional hernia. Risk factors profile showed that 6.2% were alcoholic, 28.7% smokers, 48.7% overweight and 4.7% were obese, 23.7% were hypertensive, 51.2% diabetic, and 12.4% had constipation. 26.3% had prolonged cough, 37.5% had surgical site infection and 42.6% had anemia. Clinical presentation of study subjects showed that 60% had swelling, 34% had swelling and pain and 6% had obstruction. It can be concluded that incisional hernia is more common in female than males and in cases above the age of 45 years. It is more common in patients who underwent the previous surgery on an emergency basis especially in perforation and obstruction and LSCS cases. Risk factors associated with incisional hernia are smoker, alcoholic, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, constipation, prolong cough and anemia.
221 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPERURICEMIA AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES AMONG PREGNANT HYPERTENSIVE WOMEN , *Dr. Mehasin Kamal Saleh Zuwayd and Dr. Faeza Kamal Salih This study aimed to determine the relationship between hyperuricemia and perinatal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension. This prospective and observational study was carried out in Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics – Falluja-Anbar /Iraq. The study included (75) primigravida female patients in the third trimester (after 32 weeks gestation) with pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid assay was done then the patients were classified into three groups according to uric acid levels; Group I (low hyperuricemia) uric acid below 25th percentile (<3.7 mg/dl ), group II (middle hyperuricemia) uric acid from 25th to 75th percentile (3.8 to 5.7 mg/dl ) and group III (high hyperuricemia) uric acid above 75th percentile (>5.8 mg/dl). The maternal outcome was followed up as (eclampsia, HELLP, acute renal failure and accidental hemorrhage) and fetal out- comes (stillbirth, prematurity, IUGR and IUFD). The results showed statistically significant increase of serum uric acid, urea and creatinine in high group compared to middle and low ones. Bad fetal outcome and pregnancy complications were directly proportional to the serum uric acid levels. It can be concluded for our study that hyperuricemia may be used in the prognosis of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy induced hypertension, and that serum uric acid levels is a useful and inexpensive marker for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.
222 FORMULATION OF MICROBIAL GROWTH USING MILLET AND SWEET POTATO , Ashefo D. P.*, Zakka A. W. and Oboh J. E. Culture media supply the nutrients required for the growth and maintenance of microorganism in the laboratory. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using locally available materials (sweet potato and millet) as basal media and as a substitute for commercially available media formulation of microbial growth. Four different media were formulated, namely, Millet agar (MA), Sweet Potato agar (SPA), Millet glucose agar (MGA) and sweet potato dextrose agar (SPGA). The test organisms chosen were bacterial genera Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and fungal genera Aspergillus spp and Rhizopus sp. The suitability of the formulated media was estimated by culturing the isolated species through the pour plating method. The results reveal that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is higher in the nutrient agar followed by the formulated millet agar and least growth was seen on the sweet potato agar. The higher growth level in millet compared to sweet potato could be as a result of higher protein and fat content in the millet as bacteria proliferate more on high protein foods. The fungal isolates Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp is higher in the potato dextrose agar followed by sweet potato glucose agar and the least growth was seen on the millet agar. The higher level of fungal growth on the sweet potato glucose agar is due to the higher carbohydrate content in the sweet potato when compared to the millet. These alternative formulations should be used more often in the laboratory for growth and study of microorganisms. More studies should be done on the shelf life of these alternative formulations.
223 EVALUATION OF MEAN PARASITE DENSITY IN THICK BLOOD FILMS OF MALARIA POSITIVE PATIENTS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS , Esimai Bessie Nonyelum, Ogbu I. S. I. and Njoku O. O. A parasitologic evaluation of blood samples of 2000 symptomatic malaria patients (1000 males and 1000 females) was conducted in some health facilities of Enugu metropolis. The parasite density for the study showed 192/μl for 80 positive cases and 520/μl for 1,140 malaria positive samples. This shows the impact of malaria pasrasite in the blood of the patients which is disaterous which was disastrous in the lives of the populace. More control measures and health education should be advocated to enlighten people on the control measure against malaria infection to improve the lives of many as malaria is highly endemic in this part of the world.
224 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES AT PHYSICALLY TREATED GULLY SIDE OF TANQUA ABERGELE WATERSHEDS , Meresa Weleslasie* and Guesh Assefa Gully erosion is the worst form of erosion affecting to the society and environment, primarily caused by surface runoff and dramatically accelerated due to human induced factors. Biological Soil and Water Conservation (BSWC) grasses have a great contribution in protecting soil erosion and gully rehabilitation. The study was initiated with the aim of evaluating the performance and growth rate of selected biological soil and water conservation grasses towards gully rehabilitation and soil loss reduction. The study was conducted at Agbe (Maytsahli sub - watershed) in Tanqua Abergelle districts, which is located in central zone of Tigray regional state. The study area was selected purposively based on the prevalence of soil erosion problem and gully occurrence. Five treatments with three replications were applied using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a plot size of 4 m * 6 m. Field observation, interview and measurements were used to collect the data. Height of growth rate, dimension of gully section and volume of soil loss data were analyzed using Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft-excel softwares. The obtained result of grass height was evaluated four times per year with in three (3) months interval. The analysis result showed that, Giant reed grass had the highest (2.31 m) growth performance followed by elephant grass (1.46 m) as compared with vetiver (0.81 m) and sisal (0.53 m) grases, due to their physiological behavior of each grasses. Due to implementation of BSWC grasses, the depth of the gully was reduced from 1.75 m to 1.51 m and the width of the gully remains constant. The volume of soil loss from the gully section was also reduced from 559 ton/ha/yr to 468 ton/ha/yr. Therefore, the BSWC grasses showed a promising contribution in reducing soil loss from the gully. Therefore, farmers, experts and stakeholders should have to expand and disseminate those technologies to all watersheds in order to stabilize gully and reduce soil loss.
225 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON INFLUENZA VIRUS , Rohit Kumar*, Diksha Influenza Viruses, negative strand RNA viruses, belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family cause both seasonal and periodic respiratory infections. According to the World Health organization, Influenza virus is the major public health concern that is emerging as the pandemic diseases. It causes significant number of morbidly and mortality cases in human and birds by inducing the acute inflammation in respiratory epithelium. Influenza virus is highly contagious disease that cause symptoms ranges from fever, bodyache, fatigue and running nose. After a typical course duration of 5 to 10 days, influenza virus can also attack the lungs, brain and heart. Pregnant women, people with weak immune system, chronic respiratory diseases, infants and elder people are at the major risk of suffering from the influenza virus disease. Antiviral drugs treatment, vaccination, hospitalization are treatment and preventive strategies that can be used for the treatment of patients suffering with the influenza infection. In this article, we review the various aspects of diseases such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms and treatment strategies.
226 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON BRAZIL , Chandra Mohan, Shreya Gupta, Meenakshi Verma and Vinod Kumar* Virus is one the most interesting creature of nature; some are beneficial and showed a symbiotic relationship with the host, although others are used to treat genetic diseases or serve as vaccines. From the past viral infection, SARS and MERS significantly influenced the humanity in the year 2002 and 2012 respectively. Now a day’s a new viral infection COVID 19 caused by novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2 greatly influenced the humanity globally and till now around 3.12 M cases of infection with 217 K deaths were reported worldwide as on 27 April 2020. However, we are well equipped and having updated Medical and technical facilities, but unfortunately we are on foot against COVID 19. In this review, we discussed the current condition and the impact of Covid-19 on Brazil.
227 LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION AND AYURVEDA CONSIDERATIONS TOWARDS THE MANAGEMENT OF MEDOROGA (OBESITY) , *Vd. Sneha Padmakar Kondar, Dr. Jibi T. Varghese, Dr. Digambar G. Dipankar, Vd. Rachita Dattatraya Janrao and Vd. Jaypalsing Prakashsing Pawar The deposition of excess fat in body leads many pathological events and such conditions termed as obesity which can be correlated with Medoroga as per Ayurveda. The imbalance of – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas mainly initiate consequences of other diseases in obese person therefore obesity is considered as etiological causes of other diseases including diabetes and infertility, etc. The instances of obesity increases day by day due to the stressful living regimen and many more peoples around the word getting affected by disorders related to the obesity. Considering such factor present article explores Ayurveda view on obesity and its management through life style pattern and medicine.
228 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PATIENT’S PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF NURSING CARE AMONG IN- PATIENTS IN SRM MCH, KATTANKULATHUR , Jeya V. Vincent* Statement of the Problem A study to assess the patient’s Perception of the quality of nursing care among in-patients in SRM MCH, Kattankulathur.
229 DENTAL PLAQUE- THE ENIGMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY , Dr. Grishmi Niswade* Microbial biofilms are common in nature. Any fluid environment where bacteria are subjected to stress or flow, can create an environment susceptible for biofilm growth. Biofilms are found throughout the body and in the environment and can be found lining the dental unit waterlines, catheters and prosthetic heart valves. Bacteria exist in the oral cavity in the form of biofilm on tooth surfaces which is a polymicrobial community or consortium of interacting microbial species. It is difficult to grow the microorganisms in artificial culture in the laboratory due to the complex nature of microbial diversity causing periodontal disease. However, due to newer techniques of imaging it has now been possible to understand the biology of dental plaque and knowledge of microbial ecology. Oral biofilms play a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease and have broad implications for quality of life, systemic health and economic costs.
230 A REVIEW OF PANDU VYADHI IN LIGHT OF NUTRITIONAL DEFECIENCIES IN INDIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHYTIC ACID , *Dr. Sachin Ashok Naik In Ayurveda we study Pandu Vyadhi with its nidanpanchak in detail. We have studied the disease which correlates todays Iron deficiency anaemia. There are total five types of Pandu Vyadhi out of which four are doshaj and fifth is caused by a habit of eating soil (Mrudbhakshan janya). Interestingly we find this type in gujarat in todayâ€Ÿs India. In India vegetarian diet is extensively followed. Interestingly in people with anaemia which is prevalent in India especially in women, diet need to be understood in addition with Ayurvedic study. The reason for it is phytic acid is present in vegetarian diet which binds with minerals and prevents bioavailability of the minerals hence a causative factor of anaemia. Here our main aim is to study Pandu and phytic acid and understand the impact on anaemic people and simple solution for the same. We know that phytic acid binds with minerals present in the diet and hamper the mineral uptake by humans who already are anaemic. Hence in spite of having mineral rich diet those patients remain anaemic. Hence medicines help only for course of the medication. Afterwards they may lack the minerals due to this reason as the same diet is continued.
231 COVID 19- HUMAN CORONA VIRUSE , Ritu Kainth* and Harsimran singh Human corona viruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory outcomes. In the past 12- 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) have thrust HCoVs into spotlight of the research community due to their high pathogen city in humans. Corona viruses possess a distinctive morphology, the name being derived from the outer fringe, or â€•Coronaâ€– of embedded envelope protein. Members of the family corona viridae cause a broad spectrum of animal and human diseases. Uniquely, replication of the RNA genome proceeds through the generation of a nested set of viral mRNA molecules. The study of HCoV-host interaction has contributed extensively to our understanding of HCoV pathogenesis. In present time, the pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. No proven effective therapies for this virus currently exist. The rapidly expanding knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. The most promising therapy is remdesivir. Remdesivir has potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but it is not US Food and Drug Administration approved and currently is being tested in ongoing randomized trials.
232 A REVIEW ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND USE OF METFORMIN IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME , Ch. O. V. Nagateja*, V. Priyanka and E. Jajili Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive-endocrine disorder in women, characterised by anovulation, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, with clinical manifestations of irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne. Insulin resistance (IR) is believed by many to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of PCOS and that treatment strategies should revolve around reducing the IR and hyperinsulinaemia. Increased insulin levels contribute to excess androgen production and decreases hepatic SHBG synthesis results in increased circulating testosterone levels. The current therapy aims to improve insulin-resistance, which reduces compensatory hyperinsulinemia and then improve metabolic and ovulatory features in patients with PCOS. Metformin, a biguanide, is an antihyperglycemic agent decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Velazquez and colleagues reported in an observational study that most of the metabolic abnormalities of PCOS can be reversed by Metformin, with the additional benefits such as allowing regular menstrual cycles, reversal of infertility, and spontaneous pregnancy.
233 TABLET: A COMPLETE REVIEW , Dhritiman Bhargab*, Pankaj Chasta, Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul (Principal), Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma (HOD) Tablet is a unit solid dosage form prepared either by compression or by molding with or without suitable diluents. Tablets are classified into two types: compressed and molded tablets. Tablets contains some excipients with the active pharmaceutical ingredients such as diluents to increase the bulk of the tablet. Tablets can be manufactured by three methods: dry granulation, wet granulation and direct compression. Direct compression is most effective and shortest way to produce tablets. To evaluate quality of the tablets certain test such as friability, hardness test can be done before it is transported or marketed.
234 “BRAHMI (BACOPA MONNIERI LINN.)” TINY PLANT WITH TREMENDOUS PROPERTIES – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW , Krunal A. Doshi*, Madhavi H. Patel and Pavan A. Virpariya Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.) belongs to family Scrophulariaceae described in classical Ayurvedic texts as well as in modern texts for various types of treatments to cure diseased conditions. It has various synonyms in Ayurvedic scriptures dealing its properties. So, in the present review article, an attempt has been made to compile critically its information related to therapeutic uses of Brahmi from samgraha granthas, nighantus and other published texts of Ayurveda. It is observed that panchanga of Brahmi is used as an ingredient in 88 formulations, which are effective in disease conditions like unmada (insanity), apasmara (epilepsy), jwara (fever), pandu (anemia), amlapitta (acidity), kustha (skin disease) etc. Different parts of Brahmi are used in many dosage forms; such as swarasa (juice), kwatha (decoction), lepa (paste), varti (suppository), avleha (semi-solid preparations) and many more.
235 THERAPEUTIC UTILITY OF KSHARA IN SHALYA TANTRA , Dr. S. V. Shailaja* and Dr. Madhuri G. Hegde Kshara is considered as one of the important medication in Shalya tantra. Kshara is one of the anushastra which can be applicable in most of the vyaadhis where shastra karma can be avoided. Kshara is considered superior to shastra as it has the capacity to perform actions similar to shastra. Patient who are unfit for surgery or who are not willing to undergo surgical procedure kshara can be used to get the desired effect of shastra karma. Kshara is a medicinal preparation which involves combination of various drugs by which the action of kshara is initiated. Kshara has innumerable actions when used judiciously in various conditions good results are noted.
236 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF SELECTED ADIANTUM SPECIES USING RBCL SEQUENCING STUDIES , A. Antony Selvi, S. Christopher Patrick Kiladi and T. Leon Stephan Raj* Plants are used as a source of medicine in Traditional Medicinal Systems in India from time immemorial. The demand in medicinal plants leads to the adulteration in pharmaceutical industries. This study was performed to identify and analyze the phylogenetic relationship among four species of Adiantum, A. latifolium, A. incisum, A. hispidulum and A.caudatum using rbcL sequencing studies. The rbcL sequencing of the selected plants analysed with BLAST for similar sequence studies and the alignment was done with T-Coffee software. BLAST results indicated that the number of similar sequences present in the Genbank repository. The phylogenetic tree represented the degree of similarity andvariation with other species and other accessions of same species. Comparative analyses of these DNA barcode sequences revealed species-specific nucleotide sequences capable of discriminating the four Adiantum species. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed four distinct clusters showing homogeneous clades with high resolution at the species level. The result of the study was useful for the authentication ofselected adiantaceae members. The phylogenetic tree showed their relationship with other adiantaceae members.
237 EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENT BOYS RESIDEING AT LAKSHMIPURA VILLAGE, BANGALORE , Vijayalakshmi*, Jesindha Beyatricks and Christeena Saji The prevalence of tobacco consumption in other forms such as snuff, chewing tobacco, burnt tobacco powder, and paste was 19.3% and 9.9% in rural and urban males, respectively, 9.3 and 4.3% in rural and urban females respectively. Very few studies have been conducted in rural area but not in Belgaum urban area .Hence this community based study on patterns of tobacco consumption among adolescent boys may help to develop strategies to prevent tobacco consumption during the younger days of life. The data was collected using predesigned questionnaire for the age group of 10-18 years for about 400 adolescent boys. The main observations of the study were 33.12% of the adolescents were addicted with one or other type of tobacco chewing, majority of addicted adolescent were in the age group of 17-19years.
238 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CONSTITUENTS OF TRIPHALA , Dr. Shobha Shrivastava* Triphala, a well known ayurvedic formulation, is used against number of ailments since ancient times. It consists of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellerica in equal proportions. Triphala as a whole and its three individual constituents show specific antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi.Triphala is being extensively researched for its various therapeutic effects including its anti-caries, anti-oxidant,anti-colagenase, and anti-microbial activities. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Triphala and its constituents was studies against three human pathogenic Gram negative bacteria namely P.aeruginosa, E.coli and k.pneumoniae and two human pathogenic Gram positive bacteria B.subtilis and S. aureus by cup-plate method. Triphala was found strongly bactericidal against P.aeruginosa with 1.8 cm of inhibitory zone. This was on account of T.chebula, which showed highest inhibitory zone against the same pathogen, followed by E.coli and other two Gram positive bacteria. T.bellerica however, showed maximum inhibitory activity against B.subtilis by showing 2.2 cm of inhibitory zone. It was confirmed that antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria was due to T. chebula and E.officinali, while antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria was on account of T.bellerica. Antifungal activity of Triphala and its constituents was studied against two pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Triphala was found almost equally effective against A.niger and C.albicans. Aqueous extract of E.officinalis showed potent antifungal activity against A.niger with an inhibitory of 3.4 cms.
239 DYSLIPIDEMIA (MEDOROGA) AND ROLE OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION , Vd. Sneha Padmakar Kondar*, Dr. Jibi T. Varghese, Dr. Anupama Bathe and Vd. Sneha Nambiar The incidence lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and obesity associated with cardiovascular disease is high on the rise. Dyslipidemia is elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs) or both or low high density lipoprotein level (HDL) that contributes to development of atherosclerosis. The epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the most prevalent cause of death and disability in both developed and developing counties. In India there has been an alarming increase in prevalence of CVD over the past two decades so much that accounts for 24% of all deaths among adult age 25-69 years. The world health organization estimates that dyslipidemia is associated with more than half of global cases of ischemic heart disease and more than 4 million deaths per year. Ayurveda is recognized as foremost life science. It describe way to prevent as a whole meaning and intervention targeted towards complete physical, psychological and spiritual well being disorder. So here an attempt has been done to understand the dyslipidemia in Ayurvedic perspective.
240 EVALUATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY AND IN VITRO ANTI-ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ANTHRAQUINONES AND DERIVATIVES FROM PENTAS LANCEOLATA (FORSSK.) DEFLERS LEAVES , Dr. Pragati Kumar*, Ashish Kumar Sharma and Prabodh Shukla Background: Anthelmintics are drugs that are used to treat infections with parasitic worms. This includes both flat worms, e.g., flukes and tapeworms and round worms, i.e., nematodes. These having great importance for human tropical medicine and for veterinary medicine. Objective: The objective of the present research work had been done to evaluate the toxicity and In vitro Anti-Anthelmintic potential of anthraquinones and derivatives isolated from Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers leaves. Materials and Methods: For the study of toxicity, the OECD guidelines were used. Experimental animals (Swiss albino mice), Six mice in each, were grouped into six groups; five experimental groups and one negative control. In studying the acute toxicity, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg isolated compounds was given via i.p. route of drug administration. For acute toxicity, a single dose was given, and gross behavioural changes were recorded. For anthelmintic test Swiss albino mice, male and females weighted in medium of 25-30gm and naturally infected for Syphucia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera were selected and test compounds was dissolved in normal saline water and given orally to individual groups of mice. The eggs of parasites (Both species were determined separately) were count out on the first, second, third and fifth day. On the seventh day, one mouse from each group was sacrificed and the intestine was observed to on the subject of the presence of parasites. Results: The acute toxicity study resulted that all four selected test Compounds are comparatively safe when administered through i.p. rout to mice. Any kinds of toxic symptoms as well as mortality did not represent by the Compounds up to the dose of 250 mg/kg body weight. For Anti-Anthelmintic activity, all four isolated Test compounds and Piprazine citrate as standard drug was studied on the laboratory animals and the study concluded that, the groups of animals administered isolated Test compounds but not in control group showed a significant decreased in no. of eggs/gram of faeces excreted after 1st day of treatment. Results showed significant differences (P-value<0.001) in the number of eggs excreted by the S. Obvelata and A. Tetraptera and in mice, administering the test compounds and control group. Conclusion: From the studies, it was proved that Anthraquinones and derivatives isolated from leaves of Pentas lanceolata are an effective Anti-anthelmintic drug with the dose of 250 mg/kg.
241 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING HEPATITIS A & E AWARENESS AMONG BIOLOGICAL AND NON- BIOLOGICAL STUDENTS , Azka Rizvi, Naveed Ahmed, Ayesha Naeem, Zeshan Ali, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Ilyas and Altaf Ahmed* Aims and objectives: To determine and assess the level of awareness and knowledge among biological and non-biological respondents regarding HAV/HEV. Methods: Respondents filled a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The variables accessed were their knowledge of disease regarding etiology, mode of transmission, and prevention & control measures. It was observed that there was significant difference in the knowledge among students from biological sciences and non-biological sciences students. Results: Data showed that, 92% of respondents from biological sciences (BS) group and 58% of non-biological sciences (NBS) had knowledge about HAV/HEV. Furthermore, 68% of respondents from BS group and 17% of respondents from NBS group had knowledge about the mode of transmission and spread of HAV and HEV infection. Conclusion: Awareness campaigns should be conducted to make people aware of the ways HAV/HEV spreads, its mode of transmission, severity of infection and preventive measures to minimize its spread as well as chances to acquire HAV/HEV infections. It is important to understand the need to educate people, especially from lower socio-economic status as they might not know about these infections and how it spreads.
242 EVALUATION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL (IN-VITRO) ACTIVITY OF ARICLEANSE CREAM , *Dr. S. Nipanikar, Dr. S. Agnihotri, Dr. S. Panicker and N. Shelke Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. has developed Aricleanse Cream for treatment of Acne vulgaris, Hyperpigmentation and various skin diseases. The current study was conducted to evaluate anti-microbial potential of Aricleanse Cream in comparison with various formulations (F1-F8), Clindamycin and Doxycycline against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. It was observed that F-1 to F-8 does not show anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The zone of inhibition of Aricleanse cream was 18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus which is less as compared to Clindamycin (26 mm) and Doxycycline (30 mm). Also, the zone of inhibition of Aricleanse cream was 12 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis which is less as compared to Clindamycin (26 mm) and Doxycycline (30 mm). Formulations F1, F-2 and Aricleanse cream showed activity against Propionobacterium acnes. Standard drugs Clindamycin and doxycycline failed to show antimicrobial activity against P. acnes. It can be concluded that Aricleanse cream possesses antibacterial activity.
243 ACUTE TOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS (CADMIUM CHLORIDE (CDCL2) AND MERCURIC CHLORIDE (HGCL2) ON FRESH WATER BIVALVE LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS FROM PRAVARASANGAM OF GODAVARI RIVER, MS. INDIA , Sopan Ainar and *Anil Kurhe The Bio-filter potential of the freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis was examined in experiments, collected from Pravara-Sangam of Godavari River. Bivalves are known for their low susceptibility to heavy metal toxicity. Since toxicity is based on the effect and toxicant produces at a target site in the body of organism. Establishment of relationship between the concentration of substance at target site of animal and the subsequent toxic effect which may can provide tools for predicting toxicity. Cadmium and Mercury are the major contaminants found in the river. The behaviour of single toxicant could not be fully understood without the knowing the fact of physical and biochemical properties of the substance that can change. To understand this, the acute toxicity of Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on L. marginalis was determined. LC50 of CdCl2 and HgCl2 at 96 hr were noticed at 12 and 6 ppm respectively. More protein depletion observed in the digestive gland than gills and foot. The present research work served as an experimental tool and bio-indicators for the first line evaluation of environmental pollution.
244 FORMULATION AND EVALUTION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILMS OF MOSAPRIDE CITRATE , Likhith H. S., Suresh V. Kulkarani, K. Manjunath, Pawan C., Arjun K. L. Gastro-prokinetic medications are pharmacological agents that are used to treat Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal film of Mosapride citrate. Mosapride buccal films were prepared by using different polymers like HPMC K100, HEC, HPC and Glycerol as plasticizer and saccharin as a sweetening agent and vanillin as a flavoring agent. Buccal films were prepared using solvent casting technique. The major problem with Mosapride was it belongs to class â…¡ in BCS classification and have low solubility in biological fluids. In order to enhance the solubility of mosapride solid dispersion of mosapride were prepared by melting technique at different drug carrier (PEG 4000) weight ratios and evaluated. No interaction was found between the drug and the polymers by the FTIR studies. The buccal films were evaluated for Folding endurance, weight variation, Drug content, Thickness, permeation study and in-vitro drug release study Dissolution profile as studied in USP dissolution apparatus type 1 using pH 6.8simulated saliva. The influence of variable like polymer type, concentration, of Mosapride citrate release profile was studied. The formulation was optimized on the basis of various evaluation parameters like drug content and In-vitro drug release. Formulation F3 successfully sustained the release of drug within 7 hours. stability studies were as per ICH guide lines and result indicated that the selected formulation was stable.
245 AWARENESS ON CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN VISITING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAYALASEEMA - A SURVEY , R. Nagaraju*, V. S. Bhuvaneswari, A. Aparna and Priyanka K. S. Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy in women worldwide. It remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women from developing countries like India. The main objective of this survey was to determine the extent of awareness in women about the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods of cervical cancer. In this regard, a questionnaire was prepared and given to the patients to answer. The data obtained was analysed by using the student t-test and chi-square tests. The study site for this survey was, Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, for over a period of 6 months. Our study concluded that the first and foremost reason for the prevalence of cervical cancer in Andhra Pradesh was the lack of awareness of cervical cancer and its screening techniques. However, the findings also suggest that, even if women are aware of cervical cancer, and have a positive attitude towards screening, they are likely to face socio-economic and socio-cultural barriers which can prevent them from getting cervical cancer screening.
246 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA PURPUREA L. ETAHNOLIC EXTRACT , Rohit M. Jamdar*, Kirti K. Jadhav, Megha S. Jadhav, Monika R. Jadhav, Mayur N. Ghotkar, Kaustubh U. Mane, Ganesh B. Vambhurkar and Shreenivas K. Mohite Aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity and perform its phytochemical analysis and screening of the leaves of Bauhinia purpurea L .in the given study. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Bauhinia purpurea L. was tested against standard bacterial species - Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and fungal species Aspergillus niger, Trycophyton rubrum. In vitro antimicrobial test was performed by agar well diffusion method on Nutrient agar media and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and relative percentage of inhibition (%) test was performed by Modified agar well diffusion method. Ethanol extract showed significantly inhibitory effect compared to marketed antibiotic formulation of Amikacin and marketed antifungal formulation of Fluconazol on tested organism and fungal species. Ethanol extract shows a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity as it inhibited Gram positive bacteria (S.aureus and B.subtilis) and fungal species (A.niger, T.rubrum). With respect to phytochemical analysis and screening by using spectroscopic technique we easily evaluate Ethanolic extract characters.
247 PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR INSERTS OF FLURBIPROFEN FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY , Upadhyay Nikita*, Prajapati Sonu, Chaturvedi Sonam and Pathan Khan Javed The Aim and Objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate the ocular Inserts of flurbiprofen using different polymers Such as HPMC, Eudragit L100 at various concentrations and combinations using dibutylphthalate as plasticizer. Different formulations were prepared and evaluated for thickness, moisture uptake, weight, Drug content, surface pH.IR spectral analysis showed that there is no interaction of Drug with polymer which indicates the intactness of drug in the formulation. Keywords: flurbiprofen, Hydroxypropymethylcellulose, ocular inserts, Eudragit L100, Dibutylphthalate.
248 METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AFATINIB USING CHIRAL HPLC , C. Purushotham Reddya, K. Ramakrishnab* and K.M.V. Narayana Raoa* A sensitive and robust chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV method was developed and validated for the quantification of R-isomer in afatinib as per ICH Q2 guideline. In this method, both R and Sisomers were well-separated on CHIRALPAK-IE column (250 X 4.6 mm X 5μ) in an isocratic elution mode with the mobile phase comprising of methanol: methyl tertiary butyl ether: diethyl amine (80:20:0.1; v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/ min. The column oven temperature was maintained at 20ºC and both afatinib and its enantiomer were monitored at 254 nm by UV detector. The validated method was found to be precise, accurate and linear from the range of LOQ level to 150% with respect to sample concentration and the correlation co-efficient was found to be 0.998. Limit of detection and limit of quantifications were found to be 0.00005 and 0.00015 mg/mL, respectively. The validated method was found to be very sensitive and the recoveries were found to be well within the range from 95.65% to 100.73% for R-isomer. Further, the solution stability was also established and the solutions were found to be stable upto 48hrs.
249 IN VIVO NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF CARICA PAPAYA LINN , *Prajapati Sonu, Upadhyay Nikita, Chaturvedi Sonam and Pathan Javed The present study aims to determine antinociceptive activity of ethanol extracts from fruit of carica papaya linn. Tail flick & acetic acid method was used for screening of nociceptive activity against different concentrations of fruit extracts. Ethanol extracts of fruit showed potent anti-nociceptive activity. Ethanolic fruit extracts showed considerable inhibition zone.
250 REVIEW OF MARANA WITH SPECIAL REFFERENCE TO YASHADA BHASMA , Dr. Mamta Biyani*, Dr. Ujwala A. Jadhao and Dr. Rajesh K. Ingole Rasashastra is a part of Indian traditional system called Ayurveda. It deals with pharmacology and pharmaceutics of Ayurveda. It involves processing and therapeutic uses of metals and minerals. There are different methods of preparation of herbomineral drugs. The process of converting inorganic metal into the organic one which can be easily bioassemble with human body with the help of different trituration and heating procedure is called as Maran or Bhasmikaran. Yashada (Zinc) is one of the widely using rasa bhasma. Yashad bhasma is an effective medicine for treatment of Twacha vikar, Netra vikar, night blindness, Shwasa, Prameha etc. There are different procedures of Yashad bhasma nirman mentioned in ancient texts. So it is important to be reviewed which one is better for the preparation of gold standard Yashada bhasma as per textual references as well as modern standardization parameters. This work is the small effort for reviewing different texual methods of the preparation of Yashada Bhasma.
251 EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET OF RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH , Dr. Amit Dubey*, Wasim Raja and Bhavana Hirwani The rate at which bacteria are resistant to the commercial antibiotics meant for their prevention and cure is of great concern. In view of this, many research groups are now engaged in medicinal plant research because natural products of higher plants may give a new source of antimicrobial agent. The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves extract belonging to the family Moringaceae, was determined using agar well diffusion method against some selected bacteria. Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (Becton Dicknson M. D USA), media was prepared according to the manufacturer's instruction. The present Study is the continuation of a program aimed at investigation of antimicrobial properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extract. The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Gram positive; B. subtilis, S. aureus and Enterococcus and Gram negative; E. coli, Acetobacter, Citrobacter, bacteria. Concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml prepared from the dry leaves powder were used for antibacterial analysis using agar well diffusion methods. The methanol extracts of the plant leaves show an inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested bacteria. This Study shows that methenolic leaves extracts of Moringa oleifera Linn inhibit the growth of microorganism’s dose dependently. Phytochemical analyses of the leaf in solvents of varying polarity with methanol extract were also carried out. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroid, alkaloid, saponins etc., in the extracts. The research showed that the higher reducing power of the methanolic extract could be due to the better solubility of the antioxidant components in water whereas the predominant antibacterial activity in organic solvent extracts, indicates that the active components responsible for the bactericidal activity are more soluble in organic solvents. These studies provide an evidence to support traditional medicinal uses of the plant.
252 LITERARY REVIEW ON DASHMOOLIBALA MASHA KWATH W.S.R TO AVABAHUKA (FROZEN SHOULDER) , Dr. Pankaj Nigam*, Dr. Sanjeev M. Khuje and Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta The Dashmoolibala masha kwath has being described by chakrapanidatta in the treatment of Avabahuka through Nasaya. The ingredients of Dashmoolibala masha kwath are Bilva, Agnimantha, Shyonaka, Patala, Gambhari, Shalaparni, Prishniparni, Gokshura, Kantakari, Brihati, Bala, Masha. Avabahuka is the one of Vatavyadhi mentioned in ayurvedic text. Avabahuka is the disease where the Vata located at the base of the shoulder constrict the Siras and there by losing the movements of the shoulder joint. The symptoms of Avabahuka can be co- related to the symptoms of Adhesive capsulitis or better known as frozen shoulder. Dashmoolibala Masha Kasaya made by Dashmoola, Bala, and Masha. It is used as a Nasya in Avabahuka patients. Avabahuka is a disease of Vatavyadhi where Vataâ€Ÿs Ruksha and Sheeta guna aggravates so in this condition Snigdha and Brahana guna of dravya will be benifecial. Dashmoolibala Masha Kashaya is having mostly Brahana and Vatahara dravyas, So it will be helpful in Avabahuka disease. In Frozen shoulder nerves are also affected. Masha and Bala is best drugs for neurological condition so Dashmooli bala Masha kashaya is effective on Frozen shoulder. Dashmoolibala Masha Kasaya Nasya is very effective in Avabahuka, Nose is the gate way of Head. If we introduce Dashmooli kashaya in Nostril by Nasya therapy, it will reach head region which will nourish the nerve and it will cure the disease. Dashmooladibala masha kashaya Pana (Oral administration) is also effective in Avabahuka disease as well as other Vataj Disorder.
253 A TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW ON UPAVISHA ‘KALIHARI’ (GLORIOSA SUPERBA) , Dr. Parmeshwar Pralhad Raut and Dr. Rakesh Ashok Bhongade Kalihari (Gloriosa Superba) is included in Sthavar upavisha by Rasatarangini and Kanda Visha by Sushruta. It is described in Guduchyadi Varga in Bhavprakash Nighantu. This elegant climbing plant is common in Bengal and in low jungle throughout India, belongs to family Liliaceae. It is a climber with very attractive or glorious flower hence the name as such. The entire plant is poisonous; especially the tubers (Kanda) are extremely poisonous. The toxic properties of the plant are essentially due to highly active alkaloid Colchicines. The poisoning is mostly accidental. Kalihari also having therapeutic use The tuber possess abortificient stimulant and anthelmintic properties it is used to treat leprosy. Hence in this article various toxicological aspect of Kalihari along with these therapeutic usases, fatal dose, fatal period and medicolegal importance is described.
254 A REVIEW ON GLOBAL PANDEMIC COVID-19 , Biplob Dey* and Piyali Dey SARS-CoV2 is a new virus responsible for an outbreak of respiratory illness known as COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world. It is single stranded positive sense RNA a capsid enveloped with a nucleoprotein comprised of matrix protein. Before developing in humans, it is first developed in animals. The virus transmitted when a person comes in contact with an animal that carries the infection and this likely occurred in the open food market in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. China quickly informed to the World Health Organisation (WHO) about the outbreak and shared the sequence information with the International Community after discovering the causative agent. There are six types of coronavirus which is known to infect human. Among those, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARs-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus that have resulted in Regional and Global Pandemic.
255 REVIEW ON HERBAL USED FOR RESPIRATORY AILMENTS THAT MAY BE USEFUL IN COVID 19 , Nikhil S. Bhujbal*, Rohit Jadhav, Shraddha Kamthe, Dashrath Gunde and Rajesh J Oswal As Corona virus Covid 19 reason intense, mild upper respiratory contamination (common cold). Corona virus are round or pleomorphic wrapped particles containing single-abandoned (positive-sense) RNA related with a nucleoprotein inside a capsid involved network protein. The envelope bears club-formed glycoprotein projections. Corona virus (and toroviruses) are grouped together based on the crown or corona like appearance of the envelope glycoproteins, and on trademark highlights of science and replication. The vast majority of the home grown like tulsi, ginger, turmeric, cumin, adhatoda vasica and numerous different herbs can be use to decrease the side effects of corona virus. Transmission is generally through airborne beads to the nasal mucosa. Infection recreates locally in cells of the ciliated epithelium, causing cell harm and aggravation. Colds brought about by corona virus can't be recognized clinically from different colds in any one person. Research center finding might be made based on immune response titers in matched sera. The infection is hard to seclude. Nucleic corrosive hybridization tests (counting PCR) are presently being presented. Treatment of regular colds is indicative; no antibodies or explicit medications are accessible. Cleanliness measures and herbals use can diminish the pace of transmission.
256 AN UPDATE AND LITERATURE REVIEW: BENZIMIDAZOLES AS ANTI TUBERCULAR AGENTS , Thatikayala Mahender*, Purnachander Kaleru and Varaprasad Adepu Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It is transmit through the cough, sneeze and respiratory fluids of infectious person to another person through air. Overall 33% of peoples are suffering from the TB, 8.8 million peoples are reporting in every year, 52,000 deaths reporting in a week as well as nearly 7000 deaths are reporting in day. There are many drugs available treat tuberculosis however Mycobacterium Tuberculosis showing showing resistance against them. Hence there is a urgent requirement to development of new anti tubercula agents with significant pharmacological activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The review papers explains the literature review of benzimidazoles as antitubercular agents, it helpful to researchers to develop most active anti tubercular agents.
257 GENERIC MEDICINES:- HISTORY, APPROVAL PROCESS, ECONOMIC AND CURRENT CHALLENGE , Vaishnavi S. Shriwastav*, Mansi S. Gupta and Kshitija H. Ingle The cost of pharmaceuticals, as a percentage of total healthcare spending, has been rising worldwide. This has resulted in strained national budgets and a high proportion of people without access to essential medications. Though India has become a global hub of generic drug manufacturing, the expected benefits of cheaper drugs are not translating into savings for ordinary people. This is in part due to the rise of branded generics, which are marketed at a price point close to the innovator brands. Considerable emphasis is presently being placed on usage of generic medicines by governments focussed on the potential economic benefits associated with their use. Unbranded generic medicines are not finding their way into prescriptions due to issues of confidence and perception, though they are proven to be much cheaper and comparable in efficacy to branded medicines. The drug inventory of unbranded generic manufacturers fares reasonably when reviewed using the World Health Organization- Health Action International (WHO-HAI) tool for analysing drug availability. Also, unbranded generic medicines are much cheaper when compared to the most selling brands and they can bring down the treatment costs in primary care and family practice.
258 A SHORT REVIEW ON: COVID -19 , K. B. Bhojane* and Dr. P. L. Gorde In 21st century the sudden outbreak of novel corona virus (covid-19) in Wuhan, china rapidly grows. Corona virus is crown like structure which enveloped by SS-RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts including Avian, wild, domestic, mammalian species &Human. Spreading of corona viruses person to person by direct close contact and indirect contact. Dignostic test of covid-19 is rRT-PCR and Serological test. There is no specific treatment is not available till date. Some antiviral drugs and chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine are use for the treatment.
259 FISSION YEAST SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE AS A FOREIGN-GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEM , Nipunjot Kaur Soni-Bains* The expression and the production of proteins of interest are important for both basic research, and practical applications. Hence, the demand for foreign-gene expression systems is increasing rapidly. Many kinds of foreigngene expression systems have been developed, some using Escherichia coli as a host, and others using Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, yeast, insect cells, plant cells and mammalian cells. A number of these systems are used for industrial applications such as the production of pharmaceuticals and enzymes. Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is discussed here as host model for high-level protein production and functional analysis of eukaryotic proteins as it shares many molecular, genetic and biochemical features with higher eukaryotes. The review summarizes the use of S. pombe as foreign-gene expression system.
260 ANTICIPATED MODE OF ACTION NETRA TARPANA , Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta*, Dr. Swati Garg and Dr. Trupti Gupta The eyes are said to be most important than all other Indriyas. They are considered as the reflectors of the mind. Eyes are the most precisely developed portions of the brain seen outside the skull. CharakSamhita had mentioned few details as for as eye is concerned. The prevalence of myopia of adults aged over 30 years was 17% in Central India 1 and 19.4% in Indians with diabetes aged over 40 years2.Sushruta the Father of ancient Indian surgery has recommended ‘Kriyakalpa’ for the management of Timira and other netrarog along with other forms of treatment. The term Kriyakalpa refers to the treatment, which can be applied for almost all types of eye diseases; and it comprises of Tarpana, Putapaka, Anjana, Aschyotanaand Seka.Netratarpan is the best modality of myopia and other eye disease. Administration of Tarpanain the Eye, Drug absorbthrough various layers of the eye and drugs spread in to the deeper tissues through RupavahaSiras. Ghritais having Rasayana, Balya&Chakshushyaproperties. By the Activationof Alochaka Pittait induces of hakshuvaisheshika& BuddhivaisheshikaAlochaka Pitt. ChakshuvaisheshikaAlochaka Pitta Increased power of DrishtiNadi. BuddhivaisheshikaAlochaka PittActivate of Visual center in Brain (Optic nerve). So Tarpan improve Visual status. Administration of Tarpanain the Eye, Fat soluble ingredients of Drugs absorbed through Cornea Transportation of drugs through Cornea and reach to deeper tissues Lipids (Phaspholipids - Glycerides) Amino acids and proteins, Vit A, D, E, K & Carotene increase Lubrication between lens fibers & increase Muscular power of ciliary muscles. Lipids functions as a lubricating substance between cornea & lens fibres and fat soluble fatty acids Act as an antioxidants. It Helps in anaerobic oxidation which prevent the cornea and Lens from oxidative injuries. So Tarpan is best treatment modality for Eyes Disease. It maintains the health of eye &cures the eye diseases.
261 THE POLLEN VIABILITY OF THE ORIGINAL SPECIESAND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF COTTON , Mutalova Mamura Karimjanovna* This article contains a cytological analysis of pollen grains in the Magnibracteolata Tod section and their hybrids, as well as plants F1, C1 - C4 The high viability of hybrids pollen makes it possible to use them in hybridization in solving theoretical and practical problems of breeding, for example, the transfer of the characteristics of wild species to cultivated varieties.
262 THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH STIMULATORS ON TOMATO PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF TASHKENT REGION , Sagdiev Mirkosim Tokhirovich*, Amanova Mavluda Mustafakulovna and Omonlikov Alisher Urazalievich A scientific research work was conducted during 2018-2019 in the educational-experimental farm of the Tashkent State Agrarian University to study the effectiveness of plant growth stimulators on the productivity of tomatoes in the conditions of Tashkent region. The aim of the research was to study the physiological characteristics of tomato hybrids during the use of various plant growth promoters using the drip irrigation method. The task of the research was to study the effect of plant growth stimulators on tomato yields. Carrying out a comparative analysis of the obtained data about the yield, it can be concluded that the growth stimulators effect positively on the development and productivity of tomatoes. Over the 2 years (2018-2019), “Uzbekistan-178” hybrid was found to be the highest yielding, on average 76,6 t/ha. The highest productivity in the experiment (159,9 t/ha) was noted in “Vostok-36” hybrid using the preparation T-86. “Vostok-36” hybrid turned out to be the most productive as well -142,8 t/ha, respectively. In general, both stimulators are highly effective and can be recommended for practical use.
263 MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF APIGENIN AS A NATURAL ANTICANCER COMPUND , Danni Ramdhani* and Resmi Mustarichie Objective: Investigation of the anticancer mechanism of apigenin bioflavonoid compounds was carried out through docking experiments with 3 different molecular targets; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor R2 (VEGFR2), Procaspase 7, Protein Kinase B were known to be involved in the physiology of cancer. The interaction of apigenin was compared with the interaction of each original crystallized ligand at the active location of this receptor. This comparison was based on the parameters of their docking results, as well as, the type of interaction that occured with various amino acids on the active side of the bonding pocket. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking studies began by downloading the receptor file as a target on the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and the ligand structure was obtained from pubchem and zinc. docking. The preparation of receptors and ligands was done with discovery studio software, pyrx, MgTool, followed by docking and visualization processes using AutoDock Vina and Discovery Studio Visualizer. Results: The binding activity value as a docking score was obtained -7.6 kcal/mol for interaction with the procaspase 7 receptor, protein kinase B receptor B -9.1 kcal/mol, and VEGFR2 -7.3 kcal/mol. Conclusions: Molecular docking studies showed that the flavonoid apigenin compound had the strongest affinity and potential as an anticancer through the inhibition mechanism of protein kinase B receptors.
264 HUMAN HEALTH RISK (HHR) OF NITRATES IN THE GROUNDWATER OF ABUWAJNAH VILLAGE, TAL AFAR DISTRICT. IRAQ , Abdalaziz Y. T. Al-Saffawi* and Mohammad H. Awad The study was carried on Abu Wajnah village of Tal Afar district, which depends mainly on groundwater as a source of drinking water to know the health safety of this water on the health of consumers, especially the risks resulting from the presence of nitrate ions in the water , considering that the local people are engaged in agriculture and ranching, fourteen wells were identified for collecting water samples and the concentration of nitrate ions was determined with a Human Health Hazards (HHR) of nitrates calculated according to international standard methods. Fortunately, the results of the study registered that there is no risk to nitrates in drinking water for the health of consumers because the values of hazard quotient of nitrate (HInitrate or HQ for different age groups) ranged between (0.0228 to 0.1125) and thus it is within the limits allowed globally (less than 1), they attributed this decrease in values to the decrease in the values of chronic daily intake (CDI) of studied water, which fluctuated between (0.0142 to 0.1800). They attributed this decrease in values to the low concentration of nitrate ions, which was reflected in the values of chronic daily intake (CDI) of studied water which fluctuated between (0.362 to 3.20) ppm.
265 THE RIGHT FUNCTION OF COVID-19 , Byong-Hyon Han* Ph.D. < The right function of COVID-19> In the twenty-first century, COVID-19(hereinafter referred to as 'Corona') is what makes humanity pay a severe price to taste desperately the world humans have never experienced before. Nonetheless, the net function of this Corona can be seen in two ways.
266 THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS ON SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION , *Messaoudi Abdelkrim The process of professional and social integration of the mentally ill remains a topical issue, which refers to a diversity of practices currently in full development, aiming to promote, support and accompany the return to society of people who have presented disorders psychiatric. Vocational reintegration is often seen as an essential component of rehabilitation. It is in work that the human and economic dimensions of mental health and mental illness manifest themselves most clearly. Psychosocial interventions based on rehabilitation programs or work in psychotherapy, on information and education of those around them, can then help a lot in the socio-professional integration of patients.
267 DANGEROUSNESS IN PSYCHIATRY , MESSAOUDI Abdelkrim*, SI AHMED Hakim, DAOUDI Smail The term dangerousness includes three inductions, the penal response implied by the recognition of the danger, the search for a cause in an attempt to eradicate it, and the recognition of the consequences to render justice to the victim. Addressing psychiatric danger cannot be done without the look of history, the development of this concept replayed repeatedly for two centuries, and without the reference to law. But the clinical approach remains essential. He must put into perspective repeated situations of violence in order to better understand them and take into account the opinions of patients and those around them.
268 STUDY ON SAMPLE COLLECTION OF COVID-19 , *Prof. Dr. M. Alamgir Chowdhury, Dr. Arpan D. K. Shil, Dr. Farid Hossain Chowdhury, Prof. Md. Ekhlasur Rahman, Dr. Md. Atiqur Rahman, Prof. Dr. Ehteshamul Hoque and Dr. Rubayat Sheik Giasuddin Covid-19 is a new virus disease caused by novel corona virus. First human infection was found in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It becomes pandemic globally, having a very special management protocol as it is highly infectious. Currently real-time PCR based technique is used as a confirmatory diagnostic tool for diagnosis of the disease. We collected samples from nasopharynx and oropharynx from 220 people with personal protection guidelines by WHO. The study result revealed that RT-PCR positivity is significantly associated with swab taken from nasopharynx than from oropharynx (p<.001).
269 BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE , Messaoudi Abdelkrim* The body of evidence shows that bipolar subjects are much more at risk of substance dependence than abuse. The risk of having a mania or hypomania in people addicted to alcohol is multiplied by 5 compared to the risk of having a mania or hypomania without co-occurrence of alcohol dependence. In all epidemiological works; The diagnoses of alcohol abuse and dependence are higher in people with bipolar disorder than in the general population. However, the reasons for this striking association between these two disorders remain poorly understood. Common risk factors could increase vulnerability to both bipolar disorder and addiction behaviors.
270 ANXIOLYTIC PROPERTY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOL EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AND ITS EFFECT ON BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES OF RAT , Bakou Niangoran François*, B. A. Abdoulaye, Guiro Hamidou and Atayi E. Objective: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves from Moringa oleifera in rat. Materials and Methods: The hole-board test, elevated plus-maze paradigm and open field test, were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves from Moringa oleifera. The extract of Moringa oleifera (5, 10, and 25mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 30 min before the tests. Results: The results showed that extract of Moringa oleifera (10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p) significantly increased the number and duration of head poking in the hole-board test. In the elevated plus-maze, the extract significantly increased the exploration of the open arm in similar way to that of diazepam. At a dose of 10 and 25 mg/kg i.p. the extract significantly increased both the time spent in and the entries into the open arm by rat. Further, in the open field test, the extract significantly increased rearing, assisted rearing, and number of squares traversed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that a hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves may possess an anxiolytic effect.
271 DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF COTTON SEEDS WITH OZONE , Parpiev Mukhammadjon Parpievich, Kamardin Aleksey Ivanovich, Simonov Aleksandr Alekseevich and Odinaev Mirzamad Isaevich* The article presents the results of studies on the effect of ozone treatment on the sowing qualities of cotton seeds. The dependences of germination and germination energy on ozone treatment regimes are investigated. It has been shown that with optimal exposure to ozone with a concentration of about 5 mg / l and a time of 40-50 minutes (dose of about 25 g/ton), germination is observed to increase to 20%. Microbial contamination of seeds is reduced tenfold. A comparative analysis suggests the appropriateness of using pre-sowing ozone treatment instead of chemicals.
272 THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF AGERATUM CONYZOÏDES LINNEE OINTMENT ON BURN AND DIABETIC WOUNDS INDUCED IN WISTAR RATS. , Okémy Andissa N.*, Kouloungous Bafila C.B.D., Mouankie J.B., Moussoungou A.S.U., Miguel L. M., Abgonon A. and Abena A.A. Aim: The purpose of this work was to qualitatively analyze the ointment of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the Ageratum conyzoides L. and to evaluate the effects of this ointment on the burn wounds and the wounds of induced diabetics in the wistar rat. Methods Conventional experimental methods were used. Results : The obtained cream of Ageratum conyzoides is brown in colour, slightly bitter, with a ph=5.6 and not irritating to the skin. This ointment used at doses of 4 and 8 g/kg significantly reduces deep wounds and burns of 2nd Degreaser after 8 days with a complete healing on the 18th day compared to controls with gaping wounds. Ageratum conyzoides allows the wound reepithelialisation with an average duration of about 8 days. Conclusion : This confirms its use in primary health care among African populations in particular.
273 ROLE OF AYURVEDA IN PREVENTION OF AGEING , Dr. Twinkle Gupta and Dr. Monika Kaith* When it comes to staying healthy, most people have the same motivation: living as long and fulfilling a life as possible. Ayurveda shows the path to lead such a healthy and long life. In Ayurveda there is a mention of different Rasayana (Rejuvenating) therapies and other means which are useful to increase the longevity and to have a healthy life. Anti-ageing addresses how to prevent, slow or reverse the affects of ageing and help people live longer, healthier and happier lives. Anti- ageing factors that work mostly included nutrition, physical fitness, skin care, hormone supplements, vitamins, and alternative medicines and holistic- approaches. “Panchakarma therapy” on regular basis eliminates impurity from the body as a prevention measure to remain free from diseases and get longer life.
274 INSULIN THERAPY AND IT’S NEW APPROACHES , Tejaswini S. Kawanpure and Dr. Mitali M. Bodhankar* Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition which is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical Management of diabetes mellitus for more than 84 years. Insulin has remained indispensable in dispensable in management of diabetes mellitus since its discovery in 1921. Comparatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. The present mode of insulin administration is by the subcutaneous route through which insulin introduced into the body in a non-physiological manner having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. Challenges that have adverse effect on oral route of insulin administration mainly includes rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, inactivation and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen and poor permeability across intestinal epithelium because of its high molecular weight and its lipophilicity. Approaches such as liposomes, micro emulsions, nano cubicle, insulin chewing gum and so forth have been prepared to ensure the oral delivery of insulin. Attempts have been made to achieve oral insulin delivery using various systems. Scientists have been able to protect the insulin delivery systems from acidic environment of the stomach and target it to the intestine. Limitations to the delivery of insulin have not resulted in fruitful results to date.
275 RARE PRESENTATION OF HCC?? , Dr. Abhinav Aggarwal* Background: Backache is a common presenting complaint among patients coming to the orthopedic out patient department (OPD). A lot of times these do not warrant imaging investigation based on clinical examination. Case presentation: We present a case in which patient presented with low backache and imaging helped diagnose a nasty cause for the same. Conclusion: Imaging should be performed in all cases where pain is classified as severe in nature on physical examination.
276 CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19 , Md. Aqib Ali Faraz, Sowjanya Mendem* and K. Sri Bharath Novel Corona virus was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, and was then classified as Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elderly patients with comorbitdities were primarily at risk due to the virus, but it is also known to affect the younger populations. The rapid spread of virus across the globe demonstrated human to human transmission of the virus through droplets or direct contact. This spread was also made possible by asymptomatic carriers of the virus. As of January 30, 2020 7,734 cases were reported in China and the virus had spread to 19 other countries, including-Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Japan, Singapore, Republic of Korea, UAE, United States, the Philippines, Canada, India, Australia, Germany, Finland and France. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research, Hospitals admitting suspected cases of COVID19 should collect nasal and throat swab samples in one VTM tube and transport them to the nearest testing laboratory in cold chain. Current coronavirus diagnostic tests include reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-PCR (rRT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The inhibition of cellular function and molecular pathways involved in the immune activation by Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) enable their use in the treatment of Covid-19. Remdesivir is a recently FDA-approved drug for the treatment of Covid-19. It acts as a nucleoside analog with significant antiviral activity. As of July 2, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 1,03,57,662 confirmed cases world wide and 05,08,055 deaths have been confirmed.
277 POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) – A REVIEW , Ritu Kainth*, Gurneet Kaur and Baljeet Kaur Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition which is related to an endocrine reproductive disorder of females. It affects females of 18–44 ages. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have abnormalities in the metabolism of androgens and estrogen and in the control of androgen production. PCOS can result from abnormal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. The clinical presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome is widely variable, with complaints encompassing oligomenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, endometrial cancer, and diabetes. The persistent hormonal disbalance leads to the complexities such as numerous cysts, an irregular menstrual cycle that ultimately leads to infertility among females. Many candidate genes have been identified to be one of the causes of PCOS. Different studies have been carried out to find the genetic correlation of PCOS. It is essential to carry out such studies that identify the clear cause of PCOS and its genetic association and hormonal disbalance. Androgen excess has been implicated as a distinct risk factor, with several studies showing circulating androgen burden to correlate closely with surrogate markers of metabolic risk, independent of body mass index (BMI). PCOS is also a common and treatable cause of infertility. This review has highlighted different genes and their correlation with PCOS that leads to hormonal disbalance. Yet not in-depth but an attempt to study the genetic predisposition of PCOS.
278 CAPSULES: TYPES, MANUFACTURING, FORMULATION, QUALITY CONTROL TESTS AND, PACKAGING AND STORAGE - A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW , *Aliyu R. S., Lawal A. M., Chasta P. and Sharma G. K. Capsules are solid preparations in which drug substance(s) and/or excipients are enclosed in either a soft or hard soluble shell. The sell is normally made from gelatin or other suitable polymeric material and results in a simple, tasteless, odourless, elegant, easy-to-swallow dosage form without the need for a secondary coating step. Depending on the composition of the capsule shell, capsules may be classified as either hard or soft capsule, with soft capsules possessing a flexible, plasticized gelatin film while the hard capsule is composed of two pieces in the form of cylinders closed at one end; the shorter piece, called the „capâ€Ÿ and the longer piece, called the „bodyâ€Ÿ. Capsules may be filled with a range of formulation types including dry powders, semisolids, nonaqueous liquids, and other dosage forms such as beads, mini-tablets, and even mini capsules most of which are intended for oral administration. There are also specialty applications such as capsules that can be loaded into dry-powdered inhalers, add reagents as part of a diagnostic kit, and occasionally soft-shell capsules intended for rectal or vaginal insertion as suppositories. Also, In the recent advancements, non-gelatin capsules have been discovered, which do not contain gelatin as itâ€Ÿs shell-forming agent. Under this category of capsules are the HPMC, PVA and starch capsules. This review captures various categories of capsule types, formulation and filling of capsules, locking and sealing of capsules, and, quality control tests. The various packaging and storage method were also highlighted.
279 HERBAL APPROACH TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE , Samarjit Kalita*, Shashi Daksh, Gaurav Kumar Sharma (HoD) and Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul (Principal) Herbal medications are commonly used for clinical purposes, including the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Compared with conventional medications, herbal medications do not require clinical studies before their marketing or formal approval from regulatory agencies, and for this reason their efficacy and safety are rarely proven. In this review, we summarize available evidence on herbal medications mostly used in cardiovascular medicine. We show that the use of these medications for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is often not supported by scientific evidence. Despite most of these herbs showing an effect on biological mechanisms related to the cardiovascular system, data on their clinical effects are lacking. Potentially relevant side effects, including increased risk of drug interactions, are described. Physicians should always assess the use of herbal medications with patients and discuss the possible benefits and side effects with them.
280 PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY: A COMPLETE REVIEW , Mr Ribarohlang Suchiang, Mrs Sarita Sharma (Supervisor), Mr Gaurav Kumar Sharma (H.O.D.) and Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul (Principal) Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale and use. Packaging is system or mean by which the product will reach from production center to the consumer in a safe and sound condition & with minimum over loss. So many issues regarding the pharmaceutical product like stability, sell, patient compliance, etc are related with the packaging and in regard to this review is done on the various advancements in the packaging techniques and selection of packaging material, machinery & labeling. The present article reviews the various packaging materials, types of packaging in pharmaceutical industry.
281 CAPSULE: COMPLETE REVIEW , *Beauty Creasian S. Marak, Sarita Sharma, Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul (Principal), Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma (HOD) Capsules are Solid Dosage form in which the drug substance is enclosed in a water soluble shell along with itâ€Ÿs suitable excipients. A shell is made of a hard or a soft soluble container or an envelope which usually consist of a gelatin as a main ingredient. Capsules are available both as hard capsule and soft capsule in different shapes and sizes in the markets.
282 DENGUE FEVER: A COMPLETE REVIEW , Shiv Kumar Mandal*, Shashi Daksh, Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma (HOD) and Dr. Kaushal K. Chandraul (Dean) Dengue fever is the most common arthropod-borne self-limiting viral disease with clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to life threatening shock. It is called as dengue shock syndrome. Hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia are the distinctive features of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Supportive fluid replacement therapy and vigilant monitoring for the successful management of the condition. Vector control measures are the most important preventive methods. As the outbreaks of Dengue fever increasing in India, one state after other getting affected, it is very essential to know more about this disease and prevalence, any change in the viral strain, severity of the disease pattern, early detection of the virus and early management of the disease resulting in good recovery . Population growth, rapid urbanization, increase in international travel from endemic areas and global warming are playing a major role in disease spread. Measures should be taken to control the aforementioned causes to prevent disease spread and reduce epidemic flare up.
283 HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY , *Salim Bala Muhammad and Atul Tiwari Chromatography is an analytical technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travels at different speed, causing them to separate. High Performance Liquid Chromatography is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different component and leading to the separation of the component as they flow out the column.
284 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE: HOW CAN AFRICAN PHARMACISTS RESPONDS TO FUTURE OUTBREAKS? , Lukman Lawal* and Meenakshi K. Chauhan Coronavirus disease popularly known as COVID-19 is an pandemic disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. The first report was confirmed on December 2020 in Wuhan, China. The initial confirmed case in Africa was found in Egypt, and the first confirmed case in sub-Saharan Africa was found in Nigeria. The lack of awareness by the healthcare professionals combined with the least responses from international community are major factors for the spreading of the disease. In the conditions of this outbreak, there is a lack to direct attention the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, mostly in the African healthcare surrounding. In addition, the essential of diagnostic kits for the detection of the infection as well as pharmacists’ consciousness of the present curative regimen are suggested. The health professionals have notified the disastrous virus could cause in Africa, where most hospitals are in need of equipment and well trained staffs. Corona virus has since spread to 52 African countries, but despite a steady rise in the number of confirmed cases, the continent continues to lag behind the global curve for infections and deaths. The continent has imperfect equipments to manage a crucial health disaster and is fight to test enough to detects virus occurrence. While the lockdowns are being noticed all over the universe and the national level pharmacy professionals are working as frontline part, this editorial draw attention to the role of pharmacists in the management of Corona virus 2019 pandemic.
285 CURRENT SCENARIO OF HIV/AIDS, TREATMENT OPTIONS, AND MAJOR CHALLENGES WITH COMPLIANCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY , *Jackson Kom, Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma, Ankita Sharma, Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul The discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative organism of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the inability of modern medicine to find a cure for it has placed HIV as one of the most dreaded pathogens of the 21st century. With millions of people infected with HIV, it was once thought to result in â€•medical apocalypseâ€–. However, with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is now possible to control HIV. Adherence to ART helps to keep the viral load under control and prolong the time of progression to AIDS, resulting in near normal life expectancy. Even with the introduction of ART, a substantial number of patients fail to adhere due to a variety of reasons, including adverse side effects, drug abuse, mental disorders, socioeconomic status, literacy, and social stigma. With the availability of so many options for HIV treatment at each stage of the disease progression, physicians can switch between the treatment regimens to avoid and/or minimize the adverse effects of drugs. Close monitoring, major social reforms, and adequate counselling should also be implemented to circumvent other challenges.
286 A REVIEW ON CITRUS MAXIMA , Sourav Kumar* and Mansi Butola Plants have been utilized as conventional medication for a few a large number of years. Home grown medication is as yet a pillar of around 70-80% of the total populace as they are effectively accessible hotspot for human services purposes in country and ancestral zones. India being the biggest maker of therapeutic plants it is effectively known as "Greenhouse of the world". The plant Citrus maxima (J. Burm.) Merr. is a generally disseminated indigenous plants found in Indian subcontinent. Which is been broadly utilized. The current investigation was planned to audit the ethanobotanical properties, pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Citrus maxima. The different pieces of this plant are generally utilized by various ancestral networks. The leaves of plant are utilized in Epilepsy, chorea, Convulsive hack and furthermore in the treatment of discharge infection. Oil from new leaves gangs hostile to dermatophytic movement and Fungicidal action. Blossom are Used as calming in anxious friendship. Organic products goes about as cardiotonic and are utilized in Leprosy, Asthma, Cough, hiccough, mental variation, Epilepsy. Skin are Anti-asthmatic, narcotic in anxious love, Brain tonic and Useful in regurgitating, grumbling of mid-region, loose bowels, Headache and eye inconveniences. Root and Bark: Antimicrobial action. Following different cases for fix of various ailments, endeavors have been made by analysts to check the adequacy of the plant through logical organic screening. An investigation of writing uncovers some outstanding pharmacological exercises of the plant.
287 OVERVIEW ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019(COVID-19): IT’S PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT AND CURRENT TREATMENT , R. Priyanka*, M. Vishwanath Swamy and V. Ajith Kumar COVID-19 pandemic is threatening all over the world with the emergence and itâ€Ÿs rapid spread. This virus begun as an outbreak in Wuhan, china in December 2019. As of 13th July 2020, there have been 13 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally with 5.7 lakhs deaths. Symptoms include mild to severe which worsens the patient condition that may leads to death. Some prognostic factors like diabetes, hypertension, age, sex, weather conditions and smoking are influencing the rapid rate of spread and progression of COVID-19. Diagnosis is done through molecular tests on respiratory samples. Currently there is no vaccine and approved medication, only investigational treatments are suggested like azithromycine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, ribavarin, interferon, corticosteroids, umifevir, inhibitor vitamin-C and vitamin-D. World health organisation (WHO) declares that the preventive and supportive measures are the only strategy to reduce and control this pandemic. The WHO has issued specific psychosocial considerations for abating the growing stigma of COVID-19.
288 DESIGN AND STANDARDIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES USING OPIATE ANALGESIC DRUG , D. Amulya*, Dr. P.V. Murali Krishna, Kolavali Yalla Reddy, J. Praveen Kumar and Sai Koteswar Sarma The aim of the current study was to design a transdermal patch of opiate analgesic drug. It is a painkiller belonging to the class of opioids that act on the central nervous system. It can be defined as the passage of a medicament from the outside of the skin through its various layers into the bloodstream. Transdermal patches of Tramadol HCl were designed by solvent mercury casting method using different polymers i.e. HPMC, PVA, mixture of HPMC ï€¦ PVA. The prepared formulations were standardized for drug content uniformity, in vitro diffusion study, thickness, tensile strength, moisture content, folding endurances etc. Amongst all formulations, formulation F3 had more desirable characteristic & shows longer duration of time. The Transdermal patch formulated from F1, F2 and F3 showed satisfactory physicochemical properties. The ratios of hydrophilic polymers F1, F2 and F3 formulations good moisture content property, good tensile strength, folding endurances and in-vitro drug release. So, it can be concluded that transdermal patches of F1, F2 and F3 could be a good carrier in transdermal delivery of Tramadol HCl. FTIR studies showed there were no incompatibilities between drug and other excipients.
289 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL BURN GEL CONTAINING COMBINATION OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILL AND LAVANDULA OIL , *Chaturvedi Sonam, Upadhyay Nikita and Prajapati Sonu The main aim of our research was to develop an herbal burn gel formulation and evaluation consisting of combination of aloe barbadensis mill, lavender oil, honey and turmeric for treatment of burn. The developed herbal burn gel consisting of combination of all herbal ingredients was found to safe a d effective for treatment of skin burn.
290 ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF CHANDRAPRABHA VATI – A CLASSICAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION , *Dr. Sheetal Gupta, [BAMS MD SWASTHVRITA] and Dr. Rahul Sharma [Bams] Background: Chandraprabha vati is a classical Ayurvedic formulation, markedly used for mitigation of prameha, which corelates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate effect of Chandraprabha vati in experimentally induced hyperglycemia and lipid profile alterations. Materials and Methods: Antidiabetic effect of Chandraprabha vati was studied in fiftyfive Wistar rat. Graded doses of Chandraprabha vati (50,100 and 200mg/kg, orally) were administered orally for 7 days to normal and alloxan-hyperglycemic rats (65 mg/kg, intravenously), and to glucose loaded normal rats for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting plasma glucose levels were assessed on different time intervals along with plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Metformin (500 mg/kg orally) was used as standard drug. Results: Chandraprabha vati did not cause any significant reduction in plasma glucose levels of normal rats (p > 0.05) but normalized the impaired glucose tolerance at 60 and 120 min (p<0.05-p<0.001) in OGTT when compared to vehicle control. In alloxan-hyperglycemic rats, administration of chandraprabhavati vati (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced plasma glucose at 3 h, 12 h, 3rd day and 7th day (p<0.01-p<0.001) along with reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides levels (p<0.01-p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control group. The effects were comparable with metformin. Conclusions: Chandraprabha vati exhibited anti-hyperglycemic effect and attenuated alterations in lipid profile. The results support the use of chandraprabha vati for correction of Prameha in clinical practice.
291 LEVEL OF ANXIETY AMONG STUDENT NURSES BEFORE CARING FOR THE PATIENT WITH MENTAL ILLNESS IN SELECTED COLLEGES , Kalavalli* and Malarvizhi Anxiety can be conceptualized as a normal and adaptive response to threat that prepares the organism for flight or fight. An anxiety level differ from individual to individual according to the age group. Anxiety becomes abnormal when it is excessive or its timing is inappropriate with regard to the threat. Empathy is one of the fundamental concepts in nursing, and it is an ability that can be learned. Various education models have been tested for improving empathic skills. Research has focused on using oral presentations, videos, modeling, practiced negotiation based on experiences, and psychodrama methods, such as role playing, as ways to improve empathy in participants 5. Statement of the present study was to assess the level of Anxiety among student nurses before caring for the patient with mental illness in selected colleges. The Objectives are to assess the level of anxiety among students nursing before caring for patients with mental illness and to associate the level of anxiety with the selected demographic variables. Descriptive study design was adopted for this study. Setting of the study was College of nursing and 20 samples were selected by using convenient non-probability sampling technique. Nursing students were gathered in the class after obtaining permission. Uniformly questionnaires were given along with detailed explanation by the investigators and the data were collected. Data was analysed in terms of objective of study by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings of the study shows that Majority of students nurses had 12(60%) moderate anxiety level and there was no significant association between the level of anxiety and demographic variables. Student nurse’s experiences anxiety producing situations in the clinical settings which will result in feeling of incompetent, lack of professional nursing skills and knowledge to take care of various patients especially patients with mental illness in clinical experience. Study concluded that nursing students need preparation training and counselling to handle patients with mental illness.
292 FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF RIVAROXABAN SUSTAIN RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS , P. Sreenivasa Prasanna, K. Thejomoorthy, A. Naganjaneyulu and Bhukya Vagya* The main aim of proposed work was to develop Rivaroxaban matrix tablets, sustained release dosage form. Sustained release formulation is the drug delivery system that is designed to achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time after administration of single dose. The sustained release tablets were prepared by direct compression method using Hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC K4M,K15M), and Guar gum in varying ratios. Tablets blends were evaluated for loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index and angle of repose, shows satisfactory results. The compressed tablets were then evaluated for various physical tests like diameter, thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, and drug content. The granules exhibited satisfactory rheological demeanor. The results of all these tests were found to be satisfactory. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 hours using paddle method in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as dissolution media. Among all the formulations, F6 formulation shows maximum drug release at the end of 12hrs and it follows first order with non fickian diffusion.
293 FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF EPLERENONE PULSINCAP DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM , Karukonda Kanchana*, Ch. Saibabu, K. Thejomoorthy and P. Sreenivasa Prasanna The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate an Oral, site specific, Pulsatile drug delivery system containing Eplerenone as a model drug, which can be time dependent manner, to modulate the drug level in synchrony. It is used for treat high blood pressure based on chronopharmaceutical considerations. The basic design consists of an insoluble hard gelatin capsule body, filled with powder blend and sealed with a hydrogel plug. The powder blend containing Eplerenone, Crospovidone, Lycoat, MCC and talc was prepared and evaluated for flow properties and FTIR studies. From the obtained results, F6 powder blend formulation was selected for further fabrication of pulsatile capsules. Hydrogel plug was formulated in a combination of hydrophobic polymer like ethyl cellulose with hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K200M in 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ratios to maintain a suitable lag period and it was found that the drug release was controlled by the proportion of polymers used. The prepared formulations was evaluated for drug content, weight variation and Invitro release studies. FTIR studies confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers and Invitro release studies of pulsatile device revealed that increasing ethylcellulose polymer content resulted in delayed release of Eplerenone from the pulsincap after a predetermined lag time of 6hrs. Based on invitro studies performed, F9 was found to be optimized formulation.
294 DETERMINATION OF AGE, SEX AND STATURE FROM DERMATOGLYPHICS STUDY , Dr. Rajesh Dehankar*, Dr. Ujjwala Bhakare and V. M. Paikrao Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges on palms and soles. It is one of the recent and advancing of medical science. If there is any abnormality in the genetic make-up of parents it is inherited to the children and is reflected in dermatoglyphic pattern. This study is undertaken to find out correlation between dermatoglyphics and age, sex and stature. Identification of ages, sex and stature plays a vital role in forensic and medicolegal investigations. Various dermatoglypic palmar patterns of various males and females of different age and stature are studied. The present study is carried with an aim to study the dermatoglyphic trait in males and females of different age and stature. The sexual and digital differences in dermatoglyphic patterns of individuals are also seen. The present study is carried out in the department of anatomy, NKP SIMS, Nagpur. It consists of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) whose palmar prints are collected from department of skin and venereal diseases. Prints are taken on maplitho paper by using printing ink and studied with magnifying lens. Various parameters of dermatoglyphics like finger tip patterns, total and absolute finger ridge count, a-b ridge, atd angle and simian crease count are analyzed by using Statistical calculations. After complete analysis it is concluded form the study that there is definitely a statistically significant difference in the dermatoglyphic patterns of individuals of different sex, age and stature. There is no regional difference but differences are found in the male and female subjects.
295 ISOLATION OF LACTOBACILLUS FROM NON-DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES , Harsha Karunakaran*, Ramachandran A. M., Saranya S. and Manju M. The main objective of the study was to isolate Lactobacillus sp. from fruit wastes such as banana peel and grape wastes, itâ€Ÿs characterisation by physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics and assessment of probiotic potential of isolated Lactobacillus sp. to confirm its usefulness as a probiotic. The use of fruit wastes as a source of probiotics is a light to waste management as well as cheap and an alternative of traditional source. For a good probiotic it should tolerate the low pH of the gut and should tolerate bile salt and phenol each up to 0.3% concentration. All the isolates showed above 85% tolerance of 0.3% bile, while phenol tolerance is about 69-82% is seen among the isolates. It also shows that all the isolates exhibits good tolerance to low pH (above 85%). As the antibiotic resistant strains can be co-administered with antibiotics for treatment of diseases the isolates are being tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The main property of probiotic, that is antagonistic activity against pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella was being tested. The experimental results showed that the banana and grape wastes contains Lactobacilli which can tolerate inhibitory substances and were able to survive both in acidic and alkaline conditions. They exhibited antibacterial activity against some indicator pathogens. Based on these characteristics the isolates may have potential for probiotic application.
296 MENTAL STRESS IN HYPERTENSION: AN AYURVED APPROACH , *Dr. Varsha Sadashiv Khot and Dr. Jayashree Tongaonkar Hypertension is important health problem in today’s era. Due to increasing stress in day to day life, people are more prone to psychosomatic diseases, essential hypertension is one of them.There is a close connection between our body and our mind. According to ayurved hypertension is nothing but a ‘Vata pradhan tridoshaja vyadhi’, be greatly influenced by morbid state of Mana. It may therefore be considered as sharir and manas roga (ubhayashrita vyadhi). Stress can be correlate with chinta mentioned in ayurved. Stress affects various entities in the body lke tridoshas, dhatu, updhatu, mala, oja, srotas, prakruti, saratva and mana. By understanding hetu, lakshan, samprapti of chinta, chikitsa of stress related hypertension can be possible. Ashwasan chikitsa, shaman aoushadhi, rasayan, shirodhara, yog, sadvrutta palan are contributions of ayurved can apply in this regards, which is effective in prevention and management of stress related hypertension.
297 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY AND ANTI TUSSIVE EFFECT OF KOFASIL SYRUP (POLY HERBAL FORMULATION) ON SO2 INDUCED COUGH MODEL , Nilesh Patel, Dr. Janmejay Patel, Achal Patel and Prof. Dr. Upendra U. Zala* Introduction- The herbal drugs mentioned in classics for treatment of airway infections are better than modern drugs like anti-tussive, expectorants, mucolytics etc., as they have no any side effect. Aim: To evaluate acute oral toxicity on swiss albino mice and anti tussive effect in So2 induced cough model of kofasil Syrup (Anti-tussive poly-herbal formulation). Method: The present study was conducted according to OECD guideline AOT-425 to know single dose toxicity of Kofasil Syrup on swiss albino mice. IAEC No. for the study is SKPCPER/IAEC/2016-02/02. Each mouse was treated with a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg of extract in sequence at 48 h intervals. Body weight of all animals was recorded once in a week. The anti tussive effect was evaluated in SO2 induced cough model in mice by method as describe by Miyagoshi et al., 1986 with modified and simplified. Results: Body weight of all animals did not reveal any significant change as compared to vehicle control group. Mortality was not observed in any animal of a group. Kofasil Syrup showed significant decrease in cough bouts in compression to standard treated (Codeine Sulphate) group. Conclusion: The study shows that Kofasil Syrup (Anti -tussive poly-herbal formulation) did not produce any toxic effect at dose of 2000 mg/kg. So No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of Kofasil Syrup is 2000 mg/kg. The significant decrease in cough bouts proves potential anti tussive activity of Kofasil Syrup.
298 PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE MICROCAPSULES OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE , R. Sunitha*, M. Lakshmi Surekha, R. Padma and M. Murali Krishna The present research work was aimed at development and optimization of metaprolol tartrate mucoadhesive microcapsules to avoid first pass metabolism and to improve the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. Metoprolol tartrate microcapsules with a coat consisting of alginate and mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, carbopol 934, and HPMC were prepared by an ionotropic gelation technique. The microcapsules were prepared and found to be discrete, free flowing, spherical to near spherical and without aggregation. The microencapsulation efficiency was found to be in between 72.03 to 89.02%. The percent yield, drug entrapment and drug content in all formulations were good. The average particle size was found to be in the range of 817 to 920μm. A percentage of moisture loss was calculated for all the prepared metaprolol tartrate microcapsules and was found to be within limit. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which depicted the spherical nature and nearly smooth surfaces of the microcapsules. In vitro release studies in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer indicated non- Fickian or anomalous type of transport for the release of metaprolol tartrate from the microcapsules. Among all formulations metoprolol microcapsules containing sodium alginate and carbopol 934 showed higher encapsulation efficiencies, good flow property and maximum prolongation of drug release and goo mucoadhesion properties.
299 STUDIES ON PRODUCTION OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES (CELLULASES) BY SOIL BORNE FUNGI CAUSING STEM ROT AND WILT IN GROUNDNUT , Deshmukh R. S.* An attempt has been made to observe production of cellulases enzyme by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing stem rot of Groundnut and Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend emend Sny. & Hans causing wilt of Groundnut. From the results obtained it is evident that both the fungi produced cellulases in both substrate medium and GN medium in both the test varieties (TAG-24 & SB-XI). In case of Sclerotium rolfsii maximum cellulases production was observed in substrate medium in variety TAG-24 as well as in SB-XI. It was noticed that cellulases production was more in Groundnut variety TAG-24 than SB-XI in substrate medium while in GN medium in both the varieties cellulases production was similar. In case of Fusarium oxysporum maximum cellulases production was observed in substrate medium in variety TAG-24 as well as in SB-XI. It was noticed that cellulases production was more in Groundnut variety TAG-24 than SB-XI in substrate medium while in GN medium in both the varieties cellulases production was similar.
300 PHYCOFLORA OF RIVER ECOSYSTEM , Sakhare S. S. and Darade M. S.* The present research constitutes the study of fresh water ecosystems Katepurna and Uma river. The rivers were screened for its algal biodiversity. The survey for different algal members were carried out with collecting water samples from both the rivers in the month of January and February 2020. In the samples, dominance and frequency of members of Chlorophyceae were recorded maximum. The minimum number of members of algal groups such as Phaeophyceae and Bacillariophyceae are recorded. The population of some generas viz, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Navicula and Cosmarium were found abundently in both the rivers.
301 AN IN VITRO STUDY OF IPOMEA CARNEA AND PIPER BETEL LEAF EXTRACT MIXTURE ON ANTIDIABETIC AND BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN NEUTRALIZATION , Saranya S.*, Ramachandran A. M., Manju M. and Harsha Karunakaran The main objective of this study was to analyse the rate of glucose transport across cell membrane in yeast cell system in the presence of the ethanolic extract of Ipomoea carneaand Piper betel leaves and to neutralize the bacterial endotoxin which causes wounds to the diabetic patient. Ipomoea carnea and Piper betel leaves has anti diabetic property and collected from kurumbapalayam. The ethanolic extract of leaves was prepared to analyse the phytochemical and antidiabetic activity done with the yeast cell system method. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E.coli was separated using chloroform-methanol solvents. The LPS was treated with the leaf extract and monitored the neutralization of the E.coli toxin by SDS - PAGE method. The amount of glucose uptake was high in mixture of both leaf extract. The leaf extract of both Ipomoea carnea and Piper betel mixture was neutralized the LPS of E.coli. From this study we can reduce the adverse effect of allopathic medications and also acquire a permanentrecovery.
302 ENDEMIC PLANTS OF PENINSULAR INDIA IN THE SACRED GROVES OF KOLLAM DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA , S. Shailajakumari, E. S. Santhosh Kumar*, A. K. Sreekala and B. Parthipan Peninsular Indian endemic plants found in the sacred groves of Kollam district of Kerala are enumerated here. A total of 72 taxa are enumerated with their correct name, popular synonyms, brief taxonomic diagnosis, area of occurrence, phenology, distribution and local name if any.
303 JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCE PAPER 2 (2020) BIOCHEMICAL INDICES AND HYPOGLYCERMIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF COMBRETUM HISPIDUM.LAW ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS , O. V. Ikpeazu*, K. K. Igwe and I. E. Otuokere Antidiabetic activity of Combretum hispidum, was checked. Twenty-five rats were used for the research were grouped into five of five rats each. Groups 1 was the untreated diabetic group, 2, 3 and 4 were the treatment groups which received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the C. hispidum, leaf extract. Group 5 was the positive control and was administered known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in the rats with alloxan monohydrate. C. hispidum, extract was administered to rats for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. Effect of C. hispidum, extract was checked on blood glucose level and Biochemical indices. All results in treatment groups were compared with the untreated diabetic group at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that C. hispidum, leaf extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. C. hispidum, leaves demonstrated hypoglycermic effect. Biochemical indices indicated liver, kidney and cardiac protective effect.
304 EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER AND HYPOGLYCERMIC POTENTIAL OF COMBRETUM HISPIDUM.LAW ROOT EXTRACT ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS , O. V. Ikpeazu*, K. K. Igwe and I. E. Otuokere Antidiabetic activity of Combretum hispidum, was checked. Twenty-five rats were used for the research and were grouped into five of five rats each. Groups 1 was the untreated diabetic group while groups 2, 3 and 4 were the treatment which received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the C. hispidum extract respectively. Group 5 was the positive control and was administered known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in the rats with alloxan monohydrate. C. hispidum, extract was administered to rats for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. Effect of C. hispidum, extract was checked on blood glucose level for possible hypoglycermic potential and biochemical parameters. All results in treatment groups were compared with the untreated diabetic group at statistical confidence of p<0.05.This significant effect was recorded at Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7 of the treatment. Result shows that C. hispidum extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. C. hispidum, demonstrated hypoglycermic effect. Biochemical indices indicated safety of liver, kidney cardiac cells.
305 HYPOGLYCERMIA AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY: ROOT AND LEAF COMBINATION OF COMBRETUM HISPIDUM. LAW EXTRACT ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS , O. V. Ikpeazu*, K. K. Igwe and I. E. Otuokere Antidiabetic activity of Combretum hispidum and Biochemical indices was checked. Twenty-five rats were used for the research were grouped into five of five rats each. Groups 1 was the untreated diabetic group, 2, 3 and 4 were the treated groups which received equal doses of root and leaf extract at 100 +100, 200+200 and 400+400 mg/kg body weight of the C. hispidum, extracts. Group 5 was the positive control and was administered known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in the rats with alloxan monohydrate. C. hispidum, extract was administered to rats for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. Effect of C. hispidum, extract was checked on blood glucose level and serum biochemistry. All results in treatment groups were compared with the untreated diabetic group at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that C. hispidum, extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. C. hispidum, demonstrated hypoglycermic effect. Biochemical indices shows safety of liver, kidney and heart cells.
306 STUDY OF ADMISSIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS - CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND OUTCOMES , Dr. Prajakta Pradhan* India has the dubious distinction of being the „Diabetic Capitalâ€Ÿ of the world. WHO states that the prevalence of Diabetes is expected to rise to 79,441,000 by 2030 in India. A prospective hospital-based study was conducted in the Casualty department of Kaushalya Medical Foundation Trust Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Thane district. The study was carried out in 231 diabetic patients out of which140 patients were males and 91 were females. The Diabetic patients presented with a wide spectrum of complaints. Fever was the commonest symptom, followed by dyspnea. The other common presentations were unconsciousness, foot ulcer, chest pain, loose motions, fever, urinary complaints, hemiparesis, altered sensorium, abdominal swelling, fall, pain in lower limbs, haematemesis and melaena. Highest percent of deaths in the study occurred in patients presenting with dyspnoea and fever. The study was undertaken to understand and spread awareness about the causes necessitating diabetic patients to get admitted to the hospital and to study the clinical profile, find an association between presentation and final outcome of such patients. This study would be useful to calculate the burden on health care system and accordingly to plan the appropriate management strategy.
307 DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE OF SOME CULTIVATED AND WILD CLIMBERS AND LIANAS IN BHORANJ TEHSIL OF HAMIRPUR DISTRICT (H.P) , *Nitesh Kumar, Monika Thakur, Surendra Kumar Godara, Rajeev Bhoria and Arun Kumar Hamirpur district is the smallest district of Himachal Pradesh due to area wise and this district falls under Shivalik hills. This district is full of forests with floristic plant diversity. Due to modernization, there is advancement in technology, means and facilities which are helpful to raise the standard of life of people in this district but still the peoples have good faith in traditional knowledge regarding to ethnobotanical uses of plants for various purposes especially for medicinal purposes. This paper emphasizes traditional knowledge about use of some ethnobotanically important cultivated and wild Climbers and Lianas as plant resources of Bhoranj region of district Hamirpur. This traditional knowledge is degraded day by day. So this is the need of hour to conserve the traditional knowledge about the medicinal aspect and other ethnobotanical purposes of plants resources of study area for the benefit of future generation through documenting that traditional knowledge. This step is also a necessary step for the conservation of those plant species among the flora of study area that are in danger of extinction.
308 EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICES AND HYPOGLYCERMIC EFFECT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS , Ikpeazu O.V.*, Igwe K.K. and Otuokere I.E. Antidiabetic activity of Azadirachta indica, was checked. Twenty-five rats were used for the research and were grouped into five of five rats each. Groups 1 was the untreated diabetic group while groups 2, 3 and 4 were the treatment which received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the A. indica extract respectively. Group 5 was the positive control and was administered known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in the rats with alloxan monohydrate. A. indica, extract was administered to rats for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. Effect of A. indica, extract was checked on blood glucose level for possible hypoglycermic potential and Biochemical parameters. All results in treatment groups were compared with the untreated diabetic group at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Hypoglycermic effect was recorded at Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7 of the treatment. Result shows that A. indica extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. A. indica, demonstrated hypoglycermic effect. Biochemical indices indicated liver, kidney and cardiac protective effect.
309 A CASE REPORT ON LINEZOLID INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS , *Aiswarya A. A., Jismy Jose, Linsa Linet V. and Adlina Das A 15 year old female patient was infected with abscess on right axilla. It required a surgical management. She was post operationally treated with IV antibiotics (Cefoperazone + Sulbactam) but the wound doesn’t heal. So she was prescribed with linezolid. Linezolid is the first member of the synthetic antimicrobial agent ‘Oxazolidinone’ approved for treatment of complicated and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections. In this case soon after administration of first dose of drug prescribed itching, rashes, shortness of breath, angioedema and unconsciousness was observed as a result of hypersensitivity reactions. This condition was managed with Inj. Hydrocortisone and Inj. Avil and suitable supportive measures. Doctors must be careful for the unusual side-effects of this drugs and should take suitable measures to manage it.
310 CHALLENGES FACED BY NEW ENTREPRENEURS , Bharat R. Varpe and Shubham P. Varpe* An entrepreneur is one who plays significant role in the economic development of a country. Basically an entrepreneur can be regarded as a person who has the initiative, skill and motivation to set up a business or an enterprise of his own and who always looks for high achievement. He is a catalyst of social change and works for the common good. He looks for opportunities, identifies them and seizes them mainly for economic gains. An entrepreneur is a person who is able to express and execute the urge, skill; motivation and innovative ability to establish a business or industry of his own either alone or in collaboration with his friends. His motive is to earn profit through the production or distribution of socially beneficial goods or services. He is enriched with the inborn qualities of adventurism, willingness to face risks, innovative urge and creativity and is eager to make dynamic changes in the production process, introduce innovations and to find out new uses for raw materials. But now there is so many challenges faced by new entrepreneurs i.e., lack of patience in solving problems, lack of sustained motivation, Inability to dream and use subconscious etc. In addition to this the other challenges includes; developing vision and ideas, raising capital, assembling a team, finding the right location, finding the right employees, finding good customers, overcoming competition, unforeseen challenges and expenses, keeping up with industrial changes and trends and exiting the business.
311 A REVIEW ON “CURRENT SITUATION OF HIV / AIDS, TREATMENT CHOICES, AND MAJOR CHALLENGES WITH COMPLIANCE TO ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT” , Mahbubur Rahman*, Sarita Sharma, Gaurav Kumar Sharma and Dr. Kaushal K. Chandrul The disclosure of the Human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) because the causative body of procured of immunodeficiency disorder (Helps) and therefore the failure of present day pharmaceutical to get a remedy for it’s put HIV together of the foremost feared pathogens of 21st century. HIV predominance is expanding round the world since individuals on antiretroviral treatment live longer, in spite of the very fact that unused contaminations diminished from 3•3 million in 2002, to 2•3 million in 2012. Worldwide AIDS-related passing’s topped at 2•3 million in 2005, and diminished to 1•6 million by 2012. An assessed 9•7 million individuals in low-income and middle-income nations had begun antiretroviral treatment by 2012. Unused bits of data into the components of inactive contamination and therefore the significance of supplies of contamination might within the end of the day cause a remedy.A part of safe enactment within the pathogenesis of non-AIDS clinical occasions (major causes of dismalness and mortality in individuals on antiretroviral treatment) is receiving increased acknowledgment. Breakthroughs within the avoidance of HIV imperative to open wellbeing incorporate male therapeutic circumcision, antiretrovirals to avoid mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral treatment in individuals with HIV to anticipate transmission, and anti-retroviral for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Inquire about into other avoidance mediations, eminently immunizations and vaginal microbicides, is beforehand.
312 CLINICAL APPROACH TO GUDA VIDRADHI AS ABHYANTARA VIDRADHI WSR TO PERIANAL ABSCESSES , Dr. Bharat Kumar M.*, Dr. Vishwanath Sharma and Dr. Shailaja S. V. The disease Guda vidradhi is a common condition that disturbs and troubles a person and not let him do his normal routine work. The pain in this condition is uncontrollable and severe due to inflammation and collection of pus. Acharya Charaka and Sushruta, both have opined their observation in this condition. Acharya Charaka opines that, this is the condition where there will be acute suppuration leading to Vidradhi (abscesses)[1] and Acharya Sushruta opines that the vitiated doshas in Guda vitiates Twak, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda and Asthi leading to Vidradhi.[2] The clinical features of Guda vidradhi can be well correlated to Perianal Abscesses. The procedures like Bhedana and Visravana karma gives good result in the management of guda vidradhi.
313 A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON SELF ADMINISTRATION OF INSULIN AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS AT MARAIMALAI NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR, KANCHEEPURAM DISTRIC , Angelin Dhanalakshmi* and Kalavalli Diabetes is a disorder characterized by impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats due to inadequate activity of insulin. Type II diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance a relative deficiency or both. It usually develops in adulthood. A Descriptive Study To Assess The Knowledge On Self Administration Of Insulin Among Diabetic Patients Who Were On Insulin Therapy Patients At Maraimalai Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District”. The objective of the study were to assess the level of knowledge on self-administration of insulin injection among diabetic patient who were on insulin therapy and to associate the selected demographic variables with knowledge on self- administration of insulin injection among diabetic patient who were on insulin therapy. Descriptive research design was used for this study. Non probability convenient sampling method was adapted to select the 100samples for this study. The study findings revealed that among 100 samples, 11(11%) had moderate knowledge, 89(89%) had inadequate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge. And also there is no statistical association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables. Study conclude that Diabetes patients who have under self-administration of insulin therapy majority of them are having inadequate knowledge of self-administration of insulin .This study recommended that repeat awareness programme and demonstration on the self- administration of Insulin therapy at community setting.
314 MATRIX ASSISTED CO CRYSTALLIZATION OF ACETAZOLAMIDE FOR ENHANCING AQUEOUS AND LIPIDIC SOLUBILITY , Dhanashree Vithal Halbe* Pharmaceutical Science nowadays is an emerging field to serve mankind and consists of challenges to produce efficient and optimized medicines. The concept of enhancing a drug’s efficacy depends upon many factors such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics of the drug, which again depend upon physicochemical properties of that drug. The therapeutic knowhow of the drug is not enough to prove the reliability of the drug. Many parameters are taken into consideration to formulate market ready drug. Solubility, Permeability are among them who play an important role in Bioavailability of the drug. New approach available for the enhancement of drug solubility is through the application of the co-crystals, it is also referred as molecular complexes. A novel method for the simultaneous production and formulation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, matrix-assisted cocrystallization (MAC), is presented considering Acetazolamide, a BCS Class IV drug with utmost difficulty in formulation and has greater solubility issues. This article focuses on the study of cocrystallization of Acetazolamide using suitable coformer and a matrix for stability commonly referred as MAC product which will be prepared by the ball milling of the three components. The main aim is to produce scalable, amenable method of production of cocrystals and enhancing solubility.
315 VISION PHOTOCHEMISTRY , Shuchishrava Sharma* Vision is no doubt the most important of all our senses. 40% of all the sensory information about the world comes to us through our eyes. But how do we see is one of the old scientific questions. The eye is the most extraordinary sensory organ. The wavelength response is 400-800 nm but its degree of sensitivity is such that the eye can clearly detect an object in light so dim to correspond to a light input over the retina of only about 1000 quanta per second. Retina contains a series of light sensitive cells known as Rods and Cones or Photoreceptor cells which respond to light and convert it into electrical impulses that create image. In this review, we discuss about the chemistry behind vision.
316 A SHORT REVIEW ON HERBAL REMEDIES IN TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY , *Nahimana Lagrange, Sarita Sharma, Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma and Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul Herbs have a job in the avoidance and treatment of seizure in epilepsy. The phytochemical investigation of these herbs has contributed in revelation of new antiepileptic drugs (AED). In the dislike years, individuals lean toward more utilization of common plants item for seizure in epilepsy. Convulsion is where the patient experiences intermittent seizure which is the consequence of anomalous electrical movement in the mind. Nature has given us plant to be utilized on characteristic solutions for epilepsy with less reaction and inconsequential medication connections. They have some advantage, for example, vitality and memory improvement. This has roused the investigates towards herbal remedy solution for anticonvulsant action. In this article we audit about the chronicles, significance and plant types of natural medications in treatment of epilepsy.
317 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SLUDGE FROM THE CITY OF CONAKRY , Daloba Soumah*, Aboubacar Oumar Bangoura, Ansoumane Sakouvogui and Alhassane Diami Diallo In many cities in sub-Saharan Africa such as Conakry, large quantities of sewage sludge are generally discharged into the environment without proper treatment. This practice has considerable negative impacts on the environment and further accentuates the deterioration of the health conditions of the populations. The present research concerns the comparative study of certain physicochemical characteristics (T°, pH, MES, COD and N-NH4) of the sludge from the five (5) communes of the city of Conakry. The temperatures are: Matam (32.6°C), Matoto (30.4°C), Ratoma (30.1°C), Kaloum (28.7° C) and Dixinn (28.6°C). The average temperature of these samples is 30.08 ° C. The pH are: Matoto (6.93), Ratoma (6.80) Matam (6.3), Dixinn (6.11) and Kaloum (6.05). The average pH is 6.44. The MES values of the fluid sludge’s of the municipalities of Matam, Ratoma, Matoto, Dixinn and Kaloum are respectively 5500 mg/l, 3340 mg/l, 3252 mg/l, 2240 mg/l, 2180 mg/l and what corresponds to an average (3293 mg / l) of MES. The CODs are: Kaloum (32.15 mg/l), Dixinn (1840 mg/l), Matam (857mg/l), Matoto (969 mg/l) and Ratoma (967 mg/l). The N-NH4+ concentrations are: Kaloum (32.15 mg/l), Dixinn (33.11 mg/l), Matam (33.86 mg/l) and Matoto (67.72 mg/l), with an average of (41.71 mg/l). These results show that the sludge from the five (5) municipalities of the city of Conakry has relatively the same physicochemical characteristics and requires an adequate treatment (anaerobic digestion or planted beds) before their discharge in the raw state or their use in agriculture.
318 BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TRACKING OF PATHOLOGIES: DIABETES , Abba P. Obouayeba*, Bognan A. A. J. Ackah, Yapi G. Yayé, Teke P. V. D. Adiko, Tanoh H. Kouakou, Allico J. Djaman and Jean D. N. Guessan Using biological analyzes is essential for establishing diagnoses. In order to better understand and interpret these biological analyzes for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes, and especially to compensate for the lack of information on these analyzes and more particularly on diabetes, a study was conducted at the CHR in Daloa in the service of diabetology. This study met our objective which is to show the importance of biological analyzes in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. After conducting an extensive literature search, an investigation was conducted in diabetic patients. It involved 114 patients interviewed and 1,000 patients registered in the records and registers of the diabetology service. Data processing was carried out using Excel and Word software. The methods used are the statistical and comparative method. The analysis of the various results made it possible to diagnose diabetes using biological analyzes such as the capillary blood glucose test, the urine test and the glycated hemoglobin. They also allowed us to identify people with diabetes and the type of diabetes. The majority are adults over the age of 40 with type 2 diabetes and a low level of education. They had an unhealthy eating habit and were not physically active which led to overweight and obesity. Although the majority of people have improved their eating habits, it is very difficult for them to participate in physical activity. The analysis of the different results has made it possible to show that for the follow-up, the treatment recommended by the doctor is either medication, dietetics and physical exercise.
319 INCIDENCE OF HEREDITARY OF OPTICAL ABNORMALITY IN PATIENTS WITH DOWN’S SYNDROME , Huddar MD.* and Paikrao V. M. Background: Down’s syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46, with an extra copy of chromosome number 21. This extra genetic material disrupts the normal developmental processes leading to medical and physical abnormalities in cases of Down’s syndrome. Children with Down’s syndrome are characterised by mental retardation but they also have high frequency of various congenital optical anomalies. Aim and Objective: This study was done with an aim to estimate the incidence of hereditary of optical abnormality in the patients with Down’s syndrome. Method: The 1147 cases of optical abnormality as cataract from age group of 0 to 14 years were studied for the occurrence of Down’s syndrome during the period of 2012 to 2018. The standard Karyotyping method was used to confirm Down’s syndrome. The normal children of equivalent age group were taken as control. The Type of cataract was also recorded. The collected data was compared with estimated statistics of Down’s syndrome of Nagpur region. Result: From the 1147 diagnosed cases of optical abnormality 27 cases (13 males and 14 females) were confirm with the Down’s syndrome (2.35%), which corresponds to the estimated 3.31% frequency of Down’s syndrome among the children of Nagpur region. The Down’s syndrome frequency (2.35) which is significantly very high in compared with the age matched control patient’s frequency of 0.1% (1 in 1000). The five patients had bilateral cataract observed soon after birth, and three of these underwent cataract surgery within the first year of life. Conclusion: Early optical abnormality was prevalent in the children with Down’s syndrome, whereas the prevalence of cataract was significantly low when compared to controls of same age groups. The frequency of early cataract among children with Down’s syndrome is found to be 2.35% which corresponds to the estimated frequency of Down’s syndrome i.e 3.31%. The bilateral cataract may appear with the birth.
320 AMELIORATING EFFECT OF CURCUMA LONGA ON FENVALERATE INDUCED TOXICITY IN BIMODAL OXYGEN UPTAKE OF A FRESHWATER AIR BREATHING FISH CLARIAS BATRACHUS , Pratibha Kumari and Dilip Kumar Paul* The present paper deals with the ameliorating effect of aqueous extract of a medicinal plant Curcuma longa (turmeric) on a pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate induced toxicity in bimodal oxygen uptake of a freshwater air-breathing fish Clarias batrachus (Linn) popularly known as mangur. The fishes after proper acclimatization and giving adequate food, fishes were intoxicated with fenvalerate at the doses of 1/3rd, 1/6th, 1/9th and 1/10th of LC50 (i.e. 0.247 ppm) for 96 hours. Control group of fishes showed oxygen consumption level to 68.823± 1.947 ml/kg/hr if surface was allowed while it was more i.e. 71.083±5.144 ml/kg/hr when surface was prevented. Decreasing trend of oxygen uptake in the fishes was found in both the cases after intoxication of the fenvalerate. The trend was due to the stress conditions of fishes correlated with low values of RBC and hemoglobin level as a result of pesticide inhalation. Curcumin, the main constituent of Curcuma longa was found to ameliorate the effect of pesticide on oxygen uptake rate of the fishes making almost its normal level of oxygen uptake rate of the control fishes.
321 A CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TICAGRELOR IN BANGLADESHI PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) [GLORIOUS 2 TRIAL] , *Dr. S. M. Mamun Iqbal, Dr. Syed Muhammad Baqui Billah, Dr. Kasekh Akhtar Jahan, Saifur Rahman, Dr. Nahid Sultana and Dr. Mohammed Zahidul Alam Background: In several clinical trials, Ticagrelor was superior to Clopidogrel in reducing cardiovascular events among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Ticagrelor in Bangladeshi patients undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods: Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were allocated to Ticagrelor group [Tablet Ticagrelor 180 mg loading followed by 90 mg twice daily maintenance dose for 12 months] or to Clopidogrel group [Tablet Clopidogrel 600mg loading followed by 75mg daily maintenance dose for 12 months]. After PCI, the patients were followed up for 12 months .The primary endpoint of efficacy (death, myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke), and safety (bleeding, and dyspnea) were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: 111 patients with ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) were recruited and 61 patients were assigned to Ticagrelor group and 51 patients to Clopidogrel group. The primary endpoint occurred in fewer patients in Ticagrelor group than in Clopidogrel group (9.8% in Clopidogrel and 5% in Ticagrelor group; p= 0.18). There was significant increase in the incidence of side effects in Ticagrelor group ( minor bleeding occurred in no patient in Clopidogrel and 1.7% of patients in Ticagrelor group , and dyspnea occurred in 2.0% of patients in the Clopidogrel group and 13.3% of patients in Ticagrelor group; p= 0.04). Conclusion: Ticagrelor numerically reduced the risk of death in patients undergoing primary PCI, but the incidence of minor bleeding and dyspnea were significantly more with Ticagrelor compared to Clopidogrel in Bangladeshi patients.
322 A REVIEW OF COVID-19 (CORONAVIRUS DISEASE -2019) DIAGNOSIS, CLINICAL FEATURES, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT , Kale Trushart Pradeep*, Prof. Ashwin Kuchekar and Prof. Sameer Shafi In December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, hubei province. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Cov-2), which causes the disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019), emerged in china in early December 2019. The outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the world health organization on January 30,2020. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronaviruses that have resulted in regional and global outbreaks Coronaviruses possess a distinctive morphology, the name being derived from the outer fringe, or â€•corona of embedded envelope protein. Members of the family Coronaviridae cause a broad spectrum of animal and human diseases. The novel coronaviruse was provisionally named 2019-nCov, now SARS-Cov-2 according to the coronaviruse study group of international committee on taxonomy of viruses. SARS-Cov2 belongs to the coronaviridae, family betacoronavirus genus, subgenus sarbecovirus. Hence, its discovery the virus has spread globally, causing thousands of deaths. The past decades have seen endemic outbreaks in the form of middle east respiratory coronaviruse(MERS-Cov) and severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronaviruse( SARS-Cov). He the disease is being cured through general treatment, by using antiviral drug, oxygen therapy, and by the human system. This review will introduce a general overview of coronaviruse and describe the transmission, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, symptoms of COVID -19.
323 LITERARY REVIEW OF STHOULYA IN AYURVEDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY , *Dr. Kiran Sthaulya is discouraged by the society for as well as medical reason. Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in affluent societies. The incidence of Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infection is higher among obese individuals. Commonly obesity is due to excessive eating and lack of adequate exercise. Acharya Charaka quoted a Sthaulya under the eight varieties of impediments which designated as Nindita Purusha. Ati-sthaulya comprises one of them. Acharya Charaka also list this problem under Santarpanajanita vyadhi. He listed eight defects underlying-Sthaulya purusha, Ayuhrasa, Javopradha, Alpa-vyavayita, Daurbalya, Daurgandhya, Swedabadha, Ati-trishna, Ati-Kshudha. Dalhana seems to be more explicit while commenting on a medo Roga specified that Agni which is involved in pathogenesis of the disease viz. Dhatvagnimandya. The main causes have been described in modern literature viz.1) Dietetic, 2) Genetic, 3) Hormonal. Sthaulya is a typical involving the Medovriddhi with which this study deals with typical obesity, not with the reasonal adiposity,which is a reflection of endocrine imbalance. The term Medasvi is auggestive of nutritional status of the individuals indicating a well nourished disposition rather than disease. Obesity is one of the common disorders in the Luxurious and industrialised society.
324 POLICY DIRECTION IN CONTROLLING RICE FIELD CONVERSION IN BALI PROVINCE WITH INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING APPROACH , Ni Luh Prima Kemala Dewi*, Made Antara, Dwi Putra Darmawan, and Widhianthini Rice field conversion is one of the major constraints in implementing sustainable agriculture in the Province of Bali. This paper aims to formulate policy direction in controlling rice field conversion in the province. This aim is achieved by using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis method on 14 constraints of policy formulation. The ISM result suggests five main constraints that are prioritized to be solved immediately, namely (a) types and definition of incentives for farmers, (b) consistency in implementing Spatial and Regional Plan Regulation (RTRW), (c) productivity disparity, (d) population growth, and (e) water conflict between irrigation system (subak) and PDAM. Policy alternatives include ease in regulation for agricultural input procurement, agricultural output subsidy, price stability intervention, agricultural machinery and equipment assistance, favoring local products, development of agricultural technology, enforcement of Land for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LP2B), RTRW, and water conflict laws and regulations. This study recommends several policy implications, namely, (1) involvement of subak and customary villages in formulating RTRW regulation; (2) revitalization of subak regulation; (3) development of incentive and disincentive mechanism; (4) management of existing rice fields; (5) implementation of LEISA concept; (6) assessment of interisland horticulture supply need; (7) formulation LP2B law at regency level; (8) formation of civil servant investigator institution at regional level to improve law enforcement for rice field conversion prevention.
325 THE SHELF LIFE OF ARTEMETHER+ LUMEFANTRINE TABLETS AT THE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OF SUDAN , Dr. Abdrhman Mahmoud Gamil* Distribution and storage conditions are the critical factors in prediction of a pharmaceutical product shelf-life. Artemether and Lumfantrine combination tablets is one of the most important pharmaceutical product in Sudan as it is used in the treatment of the endemic disease, Malaria. To evaluate the distribution and storage conditions and their impacts on the shelf life of this product, samples with dataloggers were analyzed initially then transported and stored at five selective cities for 12 months while logging temperature and humidity every 90 minutes. samples were returned back to the centre and subjected to chemical analysis at intervals I month, 6 months and 12 months. The Reference Thermal Exposure is nearly 8000 hours. The active contents of the tablets were obtained at each time interval using gradient HPLC and then the LSRLs were plotted and the results were computed according to the ICH guidelines using Woolf’s Equation for inverse prediction to obtain X at a given Y. Lumefantrine was found to be stable and its shelf life can be extended to 3 years, but the other part of the tablets, the Artemether component, is the determinant component for the shelf-life. Artemether was found that, it may lose 2 – 6 months from its labelled shelf life because it had been subjected to thermal exposure above 25 for 51 - 61% of the total exposure period. The product retains its physical and microbiological characters indicating GMP compliance.
326 CLINICAL TRIAL: COMPLETE REVIEW , *Slevia G Momin, Dr. Kaushal K Chandrul, Gaurav Kumar Sharma A Clinical trial involves the testing of a new medicine (or other therapy) to evaluate whether it is effective and safe. Clinical trials of drugs can be divided into those assessing the treatment of a disease (e.g. asthma) or those assessing treatments to prevent the occurrence of significant healthcare events in the future (e.g. stroke). Clinical trials provide the qualitative information about the benefits, adverse effects and possible uses of new drugs that allows prescribers and patients to make rational decisions in relation to drug therapy.
327 SUPPLEMENTATION AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF ABERGELLE GOATS IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA , *Meseret Redae, Tikabo Gebremariam and Teferi Aregawi The feeding trial was conducted at Abergelle Agricultural Research Center breed evaluation and distribution site which is located in central zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum supplementation option that can promote better animal performance and carcass parameters. Twelve yearling uncastrated male growing Abergelle goats were purchased from the local market. The average initial weight of the purchased goats was 14.2 ± 1.09 kg. Randomized complete block design was employed and goats randomly assigned to any of the three feeding options (dietary treatments). The three experimental rations were composed of different industrial by-products made as treatment one (43% wheat bran + 35% cotton seed cake + 20% molasses), treatment two (43% wheat bran + 35% noug seed cake + 20% maize grain) and treatment three (33% wheat bran + 45% dried brewery grain + 20% molasses). The supplementary feeds were formulated according to the growth requirements of the experimental animals considering their body weight. The experiment was conducted for 90 days of feeding and 14 days of adaptation trials. Grass hay and clean water was offered adlibitum to each animal. At the end of the trial, the goats were slaughtered and soon measured data on carcass parameters following appropriate procedures. The collected data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significance difference mean separation. Most of the carcass parameters didn’t significantly (p > 0.05) respond to the different treatment diets. But, slaughter weight was significantly affected by the supplementation feeds with higher for goat group in treatment diet two. Hence, animal producers are advised to use supplementation option treatment two also based on the local availability of the feeds.
328 THE RATIO OF SUGAR AND CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) TO THE QUALITY OF SLICED JAM OF DRAGON FRUIT , Susan Novrini, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Murni Sari Rahayu, Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe, Nurhayati, Syamsafitri, Arif Anwar, Indra Gunawan, Mindalisma, Mahyuddin, Dedi Kusbiantoro, Surya Dharma, Dian Hendrawan, Khairunnisyah, M. Nuh, Mahyu Danil, Miranti and Wan Bahroni Jiwar Barus One type of fruit that useful for humans is a dragon fruit. Dragon fruit easily damaged if not stored properly and one alternative that can be done by processing it into various processed products such as dragon fruit syrup, dragon fruit jam and others. Dragon fruit is a kind of fruit that tastes sweet also slightly sour and the meat is quite chewy so it is suitable if made jam. Dragons fruit jams are often found in the form of jelly and sheet-shaped. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of sugar and CMC to the quality of sliced jam of dragon fruit. This research was conducted at the laboratory agricultural product technology Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara. The study used a complete randomized design factorial two replications with amount of sugar and the number of CMC (as treatments. The results showed that to produce good quality of sliced jam can be made with a ratio of 70% sugar and 2% CMC.
329 ASSESSMENT OF ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF LEAVES FROM PAULLINIA PINNATA ON MICE , Bakou Niangoran François*, B. A. Abdoulaye, Guiro Hamidou and Atayi E. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of hydro alcoholic extract of leaves from Paullinia pinnata in mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5/group): control group (distilled water), standard group where Amitriptyline (20mg/kg b.w., IP) was used as standard drug and three test groups where three doses of the hydro alcohol extract of PP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was used for two weeks treatment. To assess the antidepressant-like effect of PP forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and measurement of locomotor activity test (OFT) have been done in mice. Results: The results showed that a strong and dose-dependent antidepressant effects in different mice models. The main findings of the ML significantly reduced the duration of immobility times in the forced swimming test (p < 0.001). Likewise, the extract significantly decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present work suggest that a hydro alcoholic extract of Paullinia pinnata leaves may possess an antidepressant effect.
330 STUDY ON NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, SCOLIOSIS, AND KYPHOSIS , Dr. Hajir Majid*, Muhammad Nazir and Lamis Nader The current study was conducted in order to develop a better understanding of neurofibromatosis, scoliosis, and kyphosis as well as the treatments used for them and the similarities amongst them. The current study utilizes a qualitative framework for its methodology. The following paper uses a review of literature in order to better understand neurofibromatosis, scoliosis, and kyphosis so as to better understand which treatment is more sufficient than the other and the similarities or dissimilarities between these three disorders. The findings of the current study are presented in the conclusion section with a discussion on the results, followed by recommendations for future researchers. The qualitative framework was highly helpful and reliable in terms of the current research due to the nature of the study as well as the need for reliable academic research. All academic sources were gathered via a selection criterion that is mentioned in the methodology section.
331 SARIVA SHANKHANABHI CHURNA: A TOPICAL DUSTING POWDER FOR DIAPER DERMATITIS , Dr. Satish Piraji Jadhav and Dr. Nareshkumar Keshav Babar* Advanced technology and related facilities available for the skin care of infants have got their own advantages and disadvantages in the community health. Diaper dermatitis is one such condition which creates significant parental stress and discomfort in suffering child. Inspite of various emolients, barrier creams usage, incidence rate seems to be unaltered. Sariva Shankhanabhi dusting powder, named as per the ingredients in it, aims at symptomatic reduction intern decreasing the irritability in a child. Form of medication, easy administration, cost effectiveness and safety are of high concern while planning treatment. Hence the fine dusting powder was prepared using modern pharmaceutical equipments.
332 RESPULES , *Sumaiya Fatima, Dr. Osman Ahmed and Dr. Anas Rasheed Respules may be defined as a type of sterile suspension for administering through inhalation. These are prepared in nebulizing suspensions forms, administered from jet nebulizers at adequate flow rates, via face masks or mouthpieces. They are also referred as Respirator Suspension Formulation for respiratory diseases, used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It contains active ingredients delivered via a single inhaler. Most drugs are sterile suspension for inhalation via jet nebulizer and contains micronized active ingredient, and the inactive ingredients. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation to prevent asthma attacks.
333 POLYMORPHISM , Sumaiya Fatima*, Dr. Osman Ahmed and Dr. Anas Rasheed It had been known since the middle of the 18th century that many substances could be obtained in more than one crystal form, and so the properties of these solids were studied to the fullest extent possible with the characterization tools (e.g., crystal morphology and melting phenomena) available at that time. Eventually the work of Von Laue and Bragg on the diffraction of X-rays by crystalline solids led to the development of technology that could be used to directly study the structures of such materials and to provide the structural justification for the phenomenon that became known as polymorphism.[1]
334 MODERN IMPROVEMENTS OF NANOSCIENCE IN TRANSPORTATION OF DRUGS, BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING AND FOOD PROCESSING , S. Bagyalakshmi* and M. Priya Nanotechnology refers to the interplays of cellular and molecular components and created material typically, clusters of atoms, molecules, and molecular parts into implausibly little particles between one and a hundred nm. Nanometer-sized particles present different structural, optical, and electronic properties. Nanoparticles had an enormous application in delivery systems of various production domains. In recent years, nanotechnology has increased credit to defeat the effects of genes and drug delivery. It is necessary to identify the reactions of nanomaterials on various administration and environmental factors to perform the economic and efficient way drug delivery. Nanotechnology conjointly plays a significant role in “Nanomedicines”. Nanotechnology has supported the possibility of fabricating nanophase magnetic particles with functions suitable for targeting and treating varied bone diseases. There are also several benefits of nanotechnology in the field of food production and processing industry. This article evaluates the modern developments in nanotechnology for drug delivery, bone tissue engineering, and the food processing industry. Nanomedicine, the significant field in new world delivery systems are that the micromillimeter sized particles ideally starting from one to a hundred metric straight unit containing encapsulated, dispersed, adsorbed, or conjugated medication and imaging agents.
335 AZARAQI (STRYCHNOS NUXVOMICA L.): A NOVEL DRUG OF UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NERVE AND PHLEGMATIC DISEASES , Mohd. Afsahul Kalam*, Aieman Yaqoob, Bazilah Majeed and Ansar Ahmad Azaraqi is well known drug of Unani System of Medicine, obtained from the dried, ripe seed of Strychnos nuxvomica L. belonging to the family Loganiaceae. It is a small tree 12 meters tall widely distributed in India and also occurring in Ceylon, Syria, and Northern Australia. Azaraqi is well known for its anti-phlegmatic effect, nerve tonic and stimulant properties which makes it an important drug in treatment of insomnia, hysteria, epilepsy, paralysis, hemiplegia, arthritis, nocturnal incontinence of urine, emphysema, impotence, etc. These actions are attributed to hot temperament and bioactive compounds like strychnine and brucine present in its seeds. The seeds are used in various forms either alone or in compound formulations like powder, pills, ma‘jun etc. Many pharmacological studies have been done on Azaraqi which include antidiabetic, anticonvulsant and analgesic properties. The chemical extracts of nuxvomica are interesting pharmacologically and is a valuable tool in physiological and neuroanatomic research. It is highly toxic, therefore used after detoxification.
336 EVALUATION AND VALIDATION OF A UPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF AMOXYCLAV IN ORAL DOSAGE FORM , Dr. Osman Ahmed*, Sumaiya Fatima and Dr. Anas Rasheed A specific, precise, accurate ultra pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) method is developed for estimation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in market dosage form. The method employed, with Xterra RP-8 (150mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm) in a gradient mode, with mobile phase of KH2PO4: Methanol (80:20). The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 248 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) etc. in accordance with ICH guidelines. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed that there was good linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 250-750 μg/ml amoxicillin and 62.5-187.5 μg/ml for potassium clavulanate respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for were found to be 0.0029 (μg/ml) and 0.0091 (μg/ml) for amoxicillin and 0.0052 (μg/ml) and 0.0160 (μg/ml) for potassium clavulanate respectively. The developed & validated RPâ€UPLC methods employed here proved to be specific, fast, precise and accurate for the simultaneous estimation and stability indicating assays as well as related substance quantifications of AMOXYCLAV in combine dosage form.
337 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON PLANT PASSIFLORA , Arjun Saini* and Bhupendra Kumar Nature has been a wellspring of remedial administrators for an enormous number of year and a vital number of present day calm have been isolated from customary sources, numerous reliant on their use in ordinary medicine. Plants from the family Passiflora have been used in standard drug by various social orders. Flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic blends and eccentric constituents have been represented as the major phyto- constituents of the Passiflora spe-cies. This overview delineates the morphology, standard and tales uses, phyto- constituents and pharmacological reports of the prominent kinds of the sort Passiflora. Diverse virgin areas of investigation on the kinds of this sort have been highlighted to examine, detach and recognize the therapeutically huge phyto-constituents which could be utilized to help various diseases impacting the mankind. The objective of the current examination was to concentrate all Passiflora species. The sythesis of each specie presented particularities; this legitimizes the essentialness of studies concentrating on the phenolic bit of different Passiflora species. Flavones C-glycosides were recognized in all concentrates, and are found as the central constituents in P. vitifolia, P. coccinea, P. bahiensis and P. sidifolia.
338 DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ATTENDING AYUSH WELLNESS CLINIC (AWC) AT PRESIDENT’S ESTATE, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN, INDIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY , Venkateswar Rao B., Tushita Thakur* and Izhar-Ul Hasan The development of an effective health care system of a country is a fundamental part of advancement, indispensable to the country's financial development. The Government, giving impetus to enrich the vast centuries-old heritage of medical sciences in India, have outlined a National Policy on Indian Systems of Medicine & Homeopathy and establishment of Indian systems of medicine speciality centers. Keeping in view the emphasis laid by the Government to this holistic method of healing and therapy, taking this vision forward, the Rashtrapati Bhavan with the help of Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, established the first AYUSH Wellness Clinic (AWC) of the country at President’s Estate in July 2015. AYUSH Wellness Clinic has been inaugurated by the Hon’ble President on 25 July, 2015 at Schedule B, President’s Estate, to promote the Indian traditional system of medicine and also to make it available at the door step of the residents of the President’s Estate. The AYUSH Wellness Clinic (AWC) is a unique project where all the Indian systems of medicine and Homoeopathy have come together under one roof. It is designed to bring out the best of all the systems of medicine in preventive and curative health care and provide a holistic health service to residents of the President Estate. This paper presents an update on the success and the work done at AWC from its inception in July 2015 to June 2020. A total of 144194 patients were consulted and nearly 79309 received various therapies during this time period. AYUSH awareness workshops are being conducted for every year. New initiatives in the year 2015 include establishment of herbal garden at the AWC premises, designated touch screen interactive kiosk and starting Skill-development and Internship Program for the residents. New initiatives in the year 2016 include Village out-reach program and participation in the Festival of Innovation at Rashtrapati Bhavan. As new initiative in the year 2017, new therapies were added to the existing services in Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy and Unani wings respectively. The therapists and support staffs working at AWC were trained in First-AID and CPR. Numerous research papers were published in peer reviewed indexed journals.
339 CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY CAUSES OF JANU SANDHIGATA VATA , Shereen Sreenivas*, Muralidhara, Sindhura A. S. The treatment of any disease is initiated by knowing the relevant present and past history. This gives us insight into the causes and symptoms concerned. Though there are innumerable causes specific to the person/age /gender/habitat and the like in Ayurveda, a generalized idea about all the factors involved is necessary for the ideal diagnosis and treatment. The topic in context is Janu Sandhigata Vata wherein a clinical study was carried out with 40 patients. Janu Sandhigata Vata is one among the Gatavata mentioned under the context of Vatavyadhi in the Samhittas. It can occur due to Dhatukshaya or Avarana. It is correlated to Osteoarthritis (OA) due to the similarities in manifestation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common chronic disease that affects all joint tissues, causing progressive irreversible damage and finally, the failure of the joint. The various Nidana or causes ruled in favour for the formation of the disease are being considered for the study in this article.
340 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON HIV AND AIDS , Revati Wable* HIV virus was first identified in humans in 1959 which was transferred from chimpanzees to human during hunting. The virus is transmitted to other organisms when they come in contact with various fluids of infected person. There are 2 subtypes of virus: HIV-1 and HIV-2 from which the HIV-1 is more common. Infection progresses in 3 stages and worsens the symptoms and results in reduced life span of patient. No absolute cure is available for the disease but Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) improves living condition and increases life expectancy of patient.
341 CONCEPT OF VYADHIKSHAMATWA (IMMUNITY) AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IMMUNITY IN VIEW OF AYURVEDA - A REVIEW , Dr. Pradnya Ravindra Deshpande and Dr. Shilpa Kantilal Ingle* Today’s era dealing with burden of diseases related to immunology. Immunodeficiency, hypersentivity and autoimmunity are the patho-physiologies tend to various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Immunological aspect plays an important role in prevention as well as cure of disease. Physical status and psychology of an individual reflect immunity to greater extent. Life style in present era including modified dietetic and behavioral regimen also give rise to neuro-endocrinal diseases which are complex to treat and may complicate in fatal conditions. So better to improve immunity and health. In Ayurveda, immunity is considered as Bala (strength) of an individual which is dependent on so many factors. Aacharyas quoted that, Bala (strength) and health is excellence of Dosha (3 bodily elemental humours), Dhatu (tissues), Mala (waste), Oja and Agni (fire). It is also said as Vyadhikshamatwa. In this review article, an emphasis is given on the establishment of inter-relationship between Bala, Vyadhikshamatwa, Kapha, Oja along with their role as immunological factors and influencing elements.
342 UNANI DRUG ‘MULSARI’ (FLOWER PART OF MIMUSOPS ELENGI LINN) - PHARMACOGNOSTICAL PROFILE AND A REVIEW OF ITS MEDICINAL USES. , Renjini Haridas, Rampratap Meena*, Zaheer Ahmed N. and Murugeswaran R. The flower of Mimusops elengi Linn is important Unani single drug used in Unani formulation for various ailments and its Unani name is Mulsari. Pharmacognostocal profile of Mulsari was carried out on the basis of color, size and microscopy. Flowers are rich source of calcium oxalate crystals and phyto-contituents. Pharmacological review also carried out in this study. From critical analysis of review of literatures, the pharmacological studies of Mulsari revealed that this single drug have excellent medicinal value and potential due to the presence of phyto-contituents.
343 A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH OF NARAYANA TAILA & DASHAMULA KWATHA IN VATASHTHEELA & MUTRAKRICHCHHRA , Dr. Shalini Patel*, Prof. Dr. Sunil Kumar Joshi, Dr. Savita Sonkar and Dr. Prashant Srivastav Human beings, in this fast-moving world is so busy that he/she is unable to take care of its own health and thus suffering from so many diseases due to improper care of their daily routine of life. There is a condition in which due to vitiation of the Apana Vayu, an elevated, mobile & glandular swelling is produces in between the rectum and urinary bladder or urethra known as Vatashtheela. In this condition obstruction of the passage of urine and faces occurs which produces the symptoms like Sanga (obstruction) etc. whereas, Mutrakrichchhra is said to be a Vata Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi and “difficulty in micturition” is its characteristic feature. Current medical research provides multifold care modalities with their own drawbacks. So the society is looking for alternate system of medicine for a better life. There prevails a strong need to help the patients avoid surgery (in BPH) and antibiotics resistance (in UTI) and achieve health by a simple and minimally invasive measure. But the treatment should not disturb their reproductive and other metabolic functions. In Ayurveda, Vata is the root cause of all Mutraghata varieties (including Vatashtheela) and also Mutrakrichchhra being manifested. Therefore, two drugs- Narayana Taila & Dashamula Kwatha were elected for Basti (per rectum) in Vatashtheela (BPH) and Mutrakrichchhra (UTI).
344 SYNTHESIS AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY STUDY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES , Mrinmay Das*, Jyotirmoy Deb, K. Sravanthi, K. Manasa, K. Keerthana The benzimidazole nucleus has a significant importance in medicinal chemistry and many benzimidazole containing compounds exhibit important biological activities. In the present study, synthesis, spectral studies and biological evaluation of three benzimidazole derivatives were investigated. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass spectroscopy and CHN elemental analyzer and the synthesized compounds were screened for anthelmintic activity by using Indian earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. Albendazole 25mg/ml had taken as a standard drug for the experiment. 25, 50 and 100mg/ml concentrations of the three synthesized compounds (1a – 1c) had taken as tests sample.
345 SELF MEDICATION AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CHENNAI, INDIA – A CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY , V. Poongodi*, Saraswathi Gopal and Anitha R. Introduction: Self-medication is defined as use of medicines by the individuals on their own without professional advice to treat self-diagnosed conditions. It is prevalent not only among general population but also among doctors including dentists. Aim: To assess the pattern of self-medication practice among students of a dental college of chennai city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate dental students through convenience sampling. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions related to various aspects of self-medication practice was handed to the students. Results: Among 234 students and total of 40.9% of respondents indulged in selfâ€medication. Both male and female dental students equally had a habit of taking medicines on their own. The most common drugs used for selfâ€medication were antipyretics (46.56%), followed by analgesics (40.08%), and cough syrups (18.02%). Cold (19.43%) was the major indication for selfâ€medication, followed by (18.02%) a cough, and (16.19%) was a fever. Most common reason not to see a doctor was that there is no need to see a doctor because of a simple disease (31.58%) followed by the need for a quick relief (20.45%).The predominant guiding sources of information for students was media (magazines and internet) (38.06%) and books (39.88%). Conclusion: Majority of the dental students self-medicate themselves. Measures should be adopted to reduce such type of practice by guiding the students about the pros and cons of using medicines without prescription.
346 HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF DIABETES AND DIABETIC NEUROPATHY , Zaffar Hussain* and Mohd Afsahul Kalam Diabetes mellitus and its complications relating to nerves has not been mentioned in ancient times except by Ibn Sina (980-1037AD), also known as Avicenna, an Arab philosopher, who proposed possible familiarity with diabetic disorders in his famous book „Canon of medicineâ€Ÿ in which he mentioned two specific complications of diabetes mellitus namely gangrene and collapse of sexual function. It was not till the 18th century that Western physicians started studying and examining diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Ultimately, the works of the 19th century (de Calvi, Pavy) clearly recognized the relationship between diabetes mellitus and diabetic neuropathies. The important discovery of insulin in 1921 by Frederick G Banting, Charles Best and John Macleod crank up a wide interest and more systematic approach to research of diabetic complications, leading to S. Fagerbergerâ€Ÿs conclusion that numerous of them share the fundamental micro vascular pathology.
347 ROLE OF DHATURA PATRA SWARASA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDRALUPTA (ALOPECIA AREATA) , *Dr. Swapna Swayamprava, Dr. Subrat Kumar Ojha and Dr. Niranjan S. Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is silent but distressing problem which may occur to a healthy person also. In Ayurvedic approach, this condition has close resemblance with „Indralupta’. For treating this devastating condition, Dhatura patra lepa has been mentioned as one among the formulations in Ashtanga Hridaya. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Dhatura Patra Swaras lepa in the management of Indralupta. Methods: 22 out of 25 subjects suffering from Indralupta who attended the O.P.D. of K.A.T.S. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Ankushpur, Odisha, completed the treatment protocol. These subjects were administered with Dhatura Patra Swaras Lepa over the scalp (quantity sufficient) applied once a day for a period of 30 days. These results were analyzed statistically. Results: The trial drug was found to be effective and showed significant results in reducing the symptoms of Indralupta. Conclusion: As per the data obtained we can conclude that the trial drug was found to be effective in the condition of Indralupta.
348 RECOVERY OF MOLYBDENUM (MO) METAL FROM SPENT CATALYSTS BY BIOLEACHING , *Dr. Ramprakash Prajapati Spent catalysts are generated in large quantities as solid waste on a yearly basis from different industries (fertilizer, petroleum and others chemical industries). Due to their hazardous nature, environmental regulations for discarded spent catalysts are very strict. Consequently, from ecological and economical view point, metals recovery from spent catalysts is very important. Molybdenum (Mo) is one of the elements present in spent catalysts at high concentrations. The rapidly growing demands for Mo and its products create a need to develop novel recovery processes from secondary resources, i.e. spent catalysts, as there is a projected shortage of the primary resources for this element. This paper mainly focused on Molybdenum (Mo) recovery from spent catalysts using bioleaching .The rapid industrialization generates a variety of spent catalysts from different industries. These spent catalyst wastes mostly contain Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co and Fe like metals in it. Hence these waste (spent catalyst) materials which are causing serious environmental problems, can act as potential source for metals. In this sense these spent catalyst wastes can act as a artificial ores. The use of a bioleaching process to recover metals from such spent catalyst materials before disposal is a logical but challenging application. Bioleaching is a relatively new concept in which various microorganism (bacteria and fungi) are employed to recover metal values from spent catalyst wastes. Bioleaching is a process based on the ability of microorganism to transform solid compound into soluble and extractable elements, which can be recovered. It represents a “clean technology” given its associated lower cost and energy requirements when compared with non-biological processes.
349 SPIKED FORCE DEGRADATION ASSAY METHOD EVALUATION FOR ESTIMATION OF AMOXYCLAV IN ORAL DOSAGE FORM , Dr. Osman Ahmed*, Sumaiya Fatima and Dr. Anas Rasheed A specific, precise, accurate ultra pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) method is developed for estimation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in market dosage form. The method employed, with Xterra RP-8 (150mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm) in a gradient mode, with mobile phase of KH2PO4: Methanol (80:20). The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 248 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) etc. in accordance with ICH guidelines. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed that there was good linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 250-750 μg/ml amoxicillin and 62.5-187.5 μg/ml for potassium clavulanate respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for were found to be 0.0029 (μg/ml) and 0.0091 (μg/ml) for amoxicillin and 0.0052 (μg/ml) and 0.0160 (μg/ml) for potassium clavulanate respectively. No chromatographic interference from excipients and degradants were found. The proposed method was successfully used for estimation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in market dosage form.
350 ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF AVACADO, ALLSPICE, TEJPATTA AND DALCHINI AGAINST DIFFERENT BACTERIAL STRAINS , Manveer Singh, Md. Sadique Hussain, Devesh Tewari, Bimlesh Kumar, Shazia Mansoor and Narayanan Ganesh* Microbial activity causes serious damage to living organisms. In this study, ethanolic extracts were prepared from leaves of Persea americana Mill. Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm. and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. The ethanolic extracts prepared from these plants exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity when evaluated against gram-positive bacteria Streptococci spp. and Staphylococci aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion method and growth inhibition assay.
351 WASTE MATERIALS BY VERMICOMPOSTING USING THE EARTHWORM EUDRILUS EUGENAE , *R. S. Tambe and P. D. Pulate The present research was conducted with the purpose of explore the Vermicomposting process, which involves different stages such as import of a compost earthworm (Eudrilus eugenae) and production of Vermicomposting using different waste material such as decomposing waste material maize straw and cow manure. The Vermicompost produced can be of significant value to the end users like farmers for replacement of chemical fertilizers and procure better price for the organic produce using such composting material locally available at much lower cost. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides were promoted in the past few decades. The study also confirmed that the Vermicomposting can produce high-quality bio-fertilizers which are better compared to other commercial fertilizers in the market. Appropriate roofing materials should be used in establishing the bed’s roofings to prevent excessive rain in penetrating the culture beds that can possibly kill the Vermi worms.
352 STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF BIOSORPTION OF BASIC BLUE 9 BY DEAD FUNGAL BIOMASS ISOLATED FROM ONION , Prachi D. Patole, Vinita K. Nehete and *Dr. Sukhada Akole The textile industry consumes a substantial amount of water in its manufacturing processes used mainly in the dyeing and finishing operations of the textile plants. The wastewater from textile plants is classified as the most polluting of all industrial sector caused by discharged of untreated effluent into water bodies. In the present investigation dead fungal biomasses from onion isolate is evaluated as a potential biosorbent in the removal of basic blue 9 dye. The choice of onion isolate as a biosorbent for further work was based on its high growth rate as well as high rates of biosorption. Basic Blue 9 dye was chosen as a dye of interest considering its wide use in Indian textile industry and lack of any credible work on them. Experimental design based on sequential statistical approach consisting of Plackett–Burman Design (PBD) for screening critical factors followed by Central Composite Design (CCD) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for removal of basic blue 9 dye. The use of well-established statistical techniques, to build models, plots, to study the interactions between the variables and to select the optimum conditions of variables and minimizing the errors. Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of biosorption shows that the adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. Kinetic studies were done using pseudo first order kinetics and pseudo second order kinetics. FTIR analyses indicated that the principal groups involved in sorption were CH and OH. Optimization of biosorption by RSM could achieve 94.16 % of dye removal.
353 EFFECT OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION IN M.EMARGINATA , Shweta Mathur* and Asha Goswami Study aims various treatments on seeds of M.emarginata. Seeds treated with Hot water showed maximum imbibition (80%) but their germination was nearly inhibited (zero%) which might be due to membrane damage or death of embryo. Effect of GA3 (100 to 200 ppm), considered to be the replacement of chilling treatment, resulted in increase of germination percentage. Germination percentage showed increase from 100 ppm Gibbrellic Acid (GA3) and Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) treated seeds to 150 ppm GA3 and BAP treated seeds. Maximum germination percentage (75.7% with GA3 and 70.7% with BAP) was observed in seeds treated with 150 ppm GA3 and BAP and imbibed for 96 hours. Higher concentration of GA3 and BAP (200 ppm) could not accelerate it further and infact decreased the rate of germination (46.6% and 41% respectively) with 96 hours imbibition. H2SO4 (40%) treatment could not prove to be highly successful (maximum 52.2% germination) and H2SO4 (80%) completely declined germination percentage (12.3% at 96 hours imbibition) due to blackening of seed coat. 40% and 80% HNO3 showed poor response(12.2% and 7.1% respectively) in comparison to H2 SO4 and normal water. Various effects like prosoaking, scarification, acid treatment, chilling, hot water treatment, growth regulators treatment are well known to induce germination in dormant seeds. ABA (Abscissic Acid) has been shown to be involved in regulating seed dormancy and GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) known to counteract the inhibitory effect of ABA .Growth hormones are the best activators to increase the rate of germination in M emarginata.
354 DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED POROSITY OSMOTIC PUMP TABLET OF NIFEDIPINE FOR BUCCAL DELIVERY , R. Kumaravelrajan*, L. Abungsana Singh, Priyanka Mitra and V. Suba The objective of the present study is to develop, optimise and evaluate of Buccal Osmotic Pump Tablet (BOPT) of Nifedipine. Nifedipine was choosen as drug candidate to carry out the objective of the study. The DSC thermograms were clearly proved that there was no specific interaction between the drug and polymer used in the formulation. Lactose and lactose-dextrose combined was used as osmogent. Different drug: osmogent ratios are used to investigate the study. The release of drug from the osmotic pump is dependent on Osmotic pressure inside the system. The percentage of pore former concentration was directly proportional to the drug release. 30% pore forming agent concentration, drug release rate is only at the end of 8 hr however, release rate was increased as increased the % of pore former concentration, 40% showed 74.8% and 50% (F3) showed 83.2%. The formulations with 4% coating thickness showed greater amount of release rate when compared with other formulations with 7% and 10% coating thickness. Thickness of the membrane is inversely proportional to the drug release. The optimised batch (F9) showed good ex vivo permeation of the drug, around 80% of the drug permeated at the end of 6th hour, muco adhesive strength and wash off test results showed good adhesive property on buccal membrane. SEM study showed the porosity of the membrane in situ condition of the Nifedipine BOPT, before contact to aqueous environment there was no pores on the membrane but after contact pores were formed was observed.
355 EFFECT OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON LIPASE ENZYME PRODUCTION BY SEED BORNE FUNGI OF GROUNDNUT , Deshmukh R. S.* During present investigation total eleven seed borne fungi were isolated from five different varieties of groundnut by moist blotter plate and agar plate method of which six dominant seed borne fungi were screened to study effect of physical factors such as incubation period, pH and temperature on lipase production. From the results it is evident that lipase activity of seed borne fungi was optimum at 9th day of incubation period in most of the test fungi. Rhizopus nigricans showed maximum lipase production while Sclerotium rolfsii produced least lipase. Maximum lipase production was observed in Rhizopus nigricans and Fusarium oxysporum in Groundnut variety TAG-24 while in SB-XI maximum lipase production was observed in Rhizopus nigricans and Macrophomina phaseolina at pH 6.5. It was also observed that as pH increased, the lipase production decreased. Similarly, it was noticed that all fungal isolates produced more lipase at 30°C temperature.
356 STUDY ON THE DOMESTIC SEWAGE AND ITS ANALYSIS , *Dr. Anil M. Khole The city Parbhani is characterized by the fact of majority of households’ outlets contains dispose of household sewage, lending to contamination of ground and surface water and a disturbance to the environment. The objective of this study is to protect the water and soil sources from the risk of pollution, reduce pollution, maintain health and domestic sewage water treatment. In this study, analyzed household sewage water from 2 locations for to find out its physical and chemical parameters. The parameters such as pH, DO, DCO2, TDS, Hardness, calcium, magnesium, BOD, COD, Phosphate. The changing characteristics of sewage water, due to discharge of contaminants, are responsible for many changes that are taking place today in the sewage water treatment. This discharge of sewage water to environment caused adverse condition, and this led to the development of intensive methods of sewage treatment.
357 ORGANIC CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY LABORATORY BY EFFECTIVE DISPOSAL FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY , Ragini A. Amarnani*, Pradnya Gondane and Dr. Abhay M. Ittadwar Chemicals are an Important source for manufacturing different products. It is an important contributor to the GDP and employment. A chemical waste is any material left off after manufacturing of any product in laboratories or industries and if not disposed properly may cause harm to the human health and environment . Some toxins such as arsenic, lead, mercury remains in environment for many years and accumulates. Humans and animals absorb these harmfull chemicals into the body after they eat fish or other prey . The different types of chemical waste includes acid and bases , volatile chemicals and heavy metals . The characteristics of these waste are ignitable , corrosive and can cause toxic infections . Therefore these waste need to treated effectively before disposal into sewage . Treatment of these waste includes salt formation, neutralization of acid and base , collection in different containers , recycling and evaporation. So by this method the chemicals can be reused and can save the environment by proper disposal. If we use harmless chemicals, there is no need for additional treatment for disposal and can lower the cost. The below study depicts the types and different treatments of organic chemical waste in detail.
358 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PESTICIDE DEGRADING BACTERIA , Pranali Patil and Minal Trivedi* In India pesticides play an important role in agricultural. Their importance in crop yield improvement is a well known fact but at the same time their toxic nature is a threat to the environment. Due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment, there is an immediate need to eliminate them from contaminated sites by biodegradation. In this study, an enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains from farm soil, garden soil and nursery soil for degrading high concentrations of chlorpyrifos pesticide. Five bacteria (G1, F2, F3, F4, F5) isolated and both qualitative and quantitative screening was done for isolated bacteria. Also the optimum temperature, pH and NaCl concentration was determined for them. Isolated bacteria were identified by their gram nature, biochemical characterization and according to Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology isolated bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (G1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F2), Microccous luteus (F3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F5) and F4 could not be identified. Then, their antibiotic sensitivity test by disc diffusion method was studied. By miniprep method of plasmid DNA isolation it was found out that four isolates (F2, F3, F4, F5) showed presence of plasmid DNA and then plasmid curing was done using ethidium bromide as curing agent. After curing all bacteria were able to grow on nutrient agar plate supplemented with chlorpyrifos pesticide, it showed that pesticide degrading responsible gene present on bacterial chromosome. Thus, these pesticide degrading bacterial species can be used for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
359 DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED POROSITY OSMOTIC PUMP TABLET OF NIFEDIPINE FOR BUCCAL DELIVERY , R. Kumaravelrajan*, L. Abungsana Singh, Priyanka Mitra and V. Suba The objective of the present study is to develop, optimise and evaluate of Buccal Osmotic Pump Tablet (BOPT) of Nifedipine. Nifedipine was choosen as drug candidate to carry out the objective of the study. The DSC thermograms were clearly proved that there was no specific interaction between the drug and polymer used in the formulation. Lactose and lactose-dextrose combined was used as osmogent. Different drug: osmogent ratios are used to investigate the study. The release of drug from the osmotic pump is dependent on Osmotic pressure inside the system. The percentage of pore former concentration was directly proportional to the drug release. 30% pore forming agent concentration, drug release rate is only at the end of 8 hr however, release rate was increased as increased the % of pore former concentration, 40% showed 74.8% and 50% (F3) showed 83.2%. The formulations with 4% coating thickness showed greater amount of release rate when compared with other formulations with 7% and 10% coating thickness. Thickness of the membrane is inversely proportional to the drug release. The optimised batch (F9) showed good ex vivo permeation of the drug, around 80% of the drug permeated at the end of 6th hour, muco adhesive strength and wash off test results showed good adhesive property on buccal membrane. SEM study showed the porosity of the membrane in situ condition of the Nifedipine BOPT, before contact to aqueous environment there was no pores on the membrane but after contact pores were formed was observed.
360 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTIDANDRUFF SHAMPOO , *Shubhangi R. Tangde and Dr. S. S. Saboo Herbal antidandruff shampoo is widely used now a days because of its good antidandruff activity and less harmful effect as compared to synthetic one. There are large no of plants which are reported to have beneficial effect on hair and commonly used in shampoo. In the present study herbal cream shampoo was prepared by using natural ingredients such as fenugreek powder , eucalyptus powder hibiscus, neem , lemon juice. along with other ingredients like glycerin, sodium lauryl ether sulphate , propyl glycol and coconut oil. The formed herbal shampoo thick, cream in color ,good foaming ability and fluidity. the ph of herbal shampoo was found 5.82 which is acidic in nature. Solid content was found to be 0.01gm of weight of total content , foam stability was found 1 min . dirt dispersion study shows result as light. All these characters demonstrates that the herbal shampoo is high quality for usable in daily life.
361 A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE HEPATO AND UTERO PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ALOE VERA AND VITAMIN E IN ETHANOL FED OVARIECTOMIZED RATS , Maitrayee Banerjee, Rafi Ahammed Reja, Purba Ganguly and Nirmal Pradhan* Vitamin E and Aloe vera have been attributed with a plethora of health promoting actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatic and utero protective role of Aloe vera and vitamin E in ethanol fed bilateral ovariectomized rats. Experiments were carried out in different groups – a. Sham operated control (SOC), b. Control (c) + E (Ethanol), c. Ovariectomized (O), d. O+E, e. O + E + Vit-E, and f. O + E + A (Aloe Vera). In this study of consicutive 30 days, significant hepatic damage was observed in bilateral ovariectomized rats treated with ethanol (0.5ml, 15% v/v /100g b.wt. /day) as reflected in their altered serum AST(SGOT), ALT(SGPT) and ALKP activity. Also, uterine regression was confirmed in these group of rats by significant lowered uterine protein content and decreased activity of uterine AST, ALT, and ALKP activity. Vitamin E supplementation (10mg in 0.5ml olive oil /100g b. wt. /day), apart from it’s unique influence in preventing hepatic damage, also could prevent ethanol induced uterine regression in ethanol fed bilateral ovariectomized rats. Comparatively Aloe Vera supplementation (30mg in 0.5ml distilled water /100g b. wt. /day) also prevents hepatic damage lesser than vitamin E but could prevent ethanol induced uterine regression in ethanol fed bilateral ovariectomized rats quite greater than Vitamin E.
362 COSMECEUTICALS FOR HAIR AND NAILS SHORT REVIEW , *Ishimwe Tabita, Pankaj Chasta, Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma, Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul The principal focal point of this review article is to show the cosmeceuticals of hair and nails, it shows how the cosmeceuticals perform in the hair cycle where there are supposed to perform in the improvement of hair appearance by promoting growth and influencing hair color, volume, and conditioning. Even if there are natural growth factors of hair that performs in the hair cycle such as insulin like growth factor and Hormones such as androgens, estrogen and thyroxine which also influence the hair growth. Cosmeceuticals do there apart by speeding up the wellbeing of the hair fast. The article shows also the important of cosmeceuticals on nails as there are to hair, nail cosmeceuticals perform in the protection of nails from getting damaged by environmental factors such as water, soap, and detergents. That’s why there are difference nail cosmeceuticals such as cuticle and nail care products, cuticle removers and nail hardeners.
363 ADOPTION OF AYURVEDA IN OSTEOARTHRITIS: NEED OF THE HOUR , *Dr. Shrawan Kumar Sahu, Dr. Rahul D. Ghuse and Dr. Ashok Kumar Sinha Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder involving movable joints characterized by joint pain, swelling and stiffness that lead to activity limitations, participation restrictions, sleep interruption, fatigue and depressed or anxious mood, and ultimately loss of independence and compromised quality of life. The global impact of OA constitutes a major challenge for health systems in the twenty-first century. OA, with a 75% increase in years lived with disability (YLDs) has ranked as the third most rapidly rising condition associated with disability. OA is also associated with increased comorbidity like cardiovascular disease, heart failure or ischemic heart disease. One more alarming feature of this disease entity is that it is associated with increased mortality, both directly as well as indirectly. Although numerous therapeutic agents are available in conventional medicine, they are not only associated with a risk of morbidity and mortality due to adverse effects of the interventions, but also incapable of reducing progression from early to end-stage OA. Hence, to effectively address the rising burden of OA, there is an urgent need for the exploration of treatment/management strategy that might intervene in the pathophysiology and progression of OA. This article advocates the adoption of Ayurvedic management, which can serve these purposes since it is, in addition of being effective, friendly, safe and cheap, capable of preventing disease progression, minimizing disability, improving the quality of life and also setting right the causative factors which lead to formation of OA.
364 TWO EXTREMES OF THE MORTALITY RATE IN THE INDIAN STATES DUE TO COVID-19 , Dr. Kannamani Ramasamy* COVID-19 is creating a severe impact across the globe. Most of the countries are affected by COVID-19 and India is in 3rd place in terms of total confirmed cases. Other than Lakshadweep, all other states and union territories are affected in India. Though most of the states have confirmed cases, the rate of death is not the same in all states or regions. Some of the states are highly affected with massive death rate, and few are affected less with a lower death rate. In this paper, we discuss various facts and COVID-19 situation of the highly affected states and the states that are affected less. Critically, we analyse the states based on the rate of death to the confirmed cases and rate of death to the total population of the states. Also, we attempted to analyse and to understand the cause for high and low death rates in various states.
365 A REPORT: URBANTAPHOZOUS MELANOPOGON (EMBALLONUSIDAE) MANILA, PHILIPPINES , Alma E. Nacua*, Ma Cristina Macer, Frances Marie Almeida Bato, Jake Wilson B. Binaday, Nativita da Silva Pereira Alves and Custer C. Deocaris In Metro Manila, it is very uncommon to observe bats due to they are being hunted for food or their own source of food in Metro Manila is rare or scarce. However, few numbers of the black-bearded tomb bat Taphozous melanopogonwhich is already in the IUCN Red list was observed flying in the University of the East, Manila Garden. The aim of the study is to determine why an IUCN red listed bat is present in an urban and busy area of the University of the East Manila, Philippines. As shown on the results of this paper, 4 different insects were subjected as part of the food diet for a 10-day period observation to determine the food intake of black bearded tomb bat, and it was Diptera that prevails as their selective food which is very common in Metro Manila due to high presence of anthropogenic wastes.
366 MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CONFECTIONARY PRODUCTS , Rupali Rajiv Kumar* The point of this work is to decide microbiological nature of ice cream parlor items. In candy parlor items microbiological boundaries: complete check of microorganisms, coliforms microbes, mesophilic aerobes microscopic organisms and tiny filamentous growths were watched. The dessert shop items were assessed: Kremeš and VenÄek cake. For microbiological tests 20 examples of dessert shop items were utilized. The quantities of complete check of microorganisms ran from 3.29 log CFU.g-1, the quantity of mesophilic aerobes microbes went from 1.86 to 2.85 log CFU.g-1, coliforms microscopic organisms in candy store items ran from 0 to 2.06 CFU.g-1 and the quantity of minute growths ran from 1.13 to 1.96 CFU.g1. The examples of cake prom private creation indicated better microbiological quality as tests from advertise creation.
367 DEVELOPMENT OF TALISADI KHANDA (GRANULES) FROM TALISADI CHURNA AND ITS ANALYTICAL STUDY , Dr. Sadanand G. Sakri*, Dr. M. B. Rudrapuri, Dr. Jayashree. D. Kotabagi and Dr. Vinay Mohan The research work entitled, development of Talisadi Khanda (granules) from Talisadi churna and its analytic study is a new dosage form of churna. In a sophisticated urban society, purchase manufactured drugs is preferred to the time consuming preparations as a result demand for finished product lead to new phenomenon which is manufacturing ayurvedic drugs currently more importance is giving for the availability, palatability, smallest dose, easy administration increased bio availability and mainly self-life of the formulations.In this view as per the need of time there is a need to modify the Talisadi churna into granular form. In the present study Talisadi churna was prepared in accordance with description of sharangadhara samhita. After that Talisadi granules were prepared. Talisadi granules were investigated for loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, PH, fat content, reducing sugar, water soluble ash, Particle size, TLC, HPTLC and organoleptic charactestics was used to determine the purity of the modified form of Talisadi khanda (Granules). Analysis of the data obtained from the analytical study indicated the parameters will be usefull for standardisation of Talosadi khanda (Granules).
368 RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) PRODUCTION TO POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA , Wiro K. O.* The experiment on the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to poultry manure application in Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted between May and July, 2019 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop and Soil Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Ndele campus, Rivers State, Nigeria with latitude 4058N and longitude 6048N which is found in the humid rainforest of Nigeria. The quantity of poultry manure used in the experiment were 0,5 and 10 tons per hectare. The experiment was replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The growth characteristics measured in the field were vine length (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (cm2) while yield parameters measured included number of flowers, fruit length(cm), fruit number, fruit diameter. The growth and yield parameters significantly increased in the production of cucumber with the application of higher rate of poultry manure. The application of 10 tons of poultry manure resulted in the highest growth and yield parameters in the experiment. The vine length was 156.93cm, number of leaves was 86.26 and leaf area was 30.53 (growth parameter). Application of 5tons gave rise to 108.86cm, 66.66 and 23.60 for vine length, no. of leaves and leaf area respectively. The poorest performance was recorded in 0 tons application which was the control where the vine length, no of leaves and leaf area were 84.46cm, 62.40 and 15.062 respectively. In yield parameters measured, application of 10 tons of poultry manure also gave significantly higher values followed by the application of 5 tones while application of 0 tons gave the poorest values in the experiment. With this research study, it was recommended to apply 10tons of poultry manure for reasonable production of cucumber in Rivers State. Again, further research that will involve other organic manure rather than poultry manure should be conducted to ascertain their productivity potential on cucumber production.
369 QUALIFICATION FOR BIOWAIVER AND BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY ON SEVEN BRANDS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS EXISTING IN SUDAN MEDICINE MARKET , Dr. Abdrhman Mahmoud Gamil* and Dr. Yuvaraj D. Mandavkar Metformin HCl is the drug of choice for obese diabetic patients. It can be used alone with diet control or in combination with other antidiabetic remedies. It is one of the two antidiabetic medicines listed in the WHO list of essential medicines. Being classified in class 3 in the biopharmaceutical classification system, it is highly soluble with low permeability. Many Metformin brands exist in the Sudan Medicine market, some of them are locally manufactured and others are imported including the originator brand, Glucophage, of Merck Serono – France. To evaluate these brands in respect to the similarity with the originator and qualification for biowaiver study, seven brands were subjected to dissolution testing to study their dissolution profile using apparatus type 2 in a simulating intestinal medium using spectrophotometric method at 233 nm. One imported and two locally manufactured brands were found to show adequate similarity of the dissolution profile with the originator but they were disqualified for biowaiver study for class 3 of the BCS as they failed to exhibit 85% dissolution in 15 mins. The other two locally manufactured brands were dissimilar to the originator but they showed more than 85% dissolution in 15 mins which qualifies them for biowaiver study for class 3. One imported brand being dissimilar and disqualified for biowaiver study. It is recommended that DRA should set regulations for interchangeability and international harmonized specification for similarity, qualification for biowaiver study and the pharmacopeia specifications will be valuable.
370 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN. COSS. (BRASSICACEAE) MARKETED IN SUDAN , Abdel Karim M.*, Abdalgader A. and Faiza I. Brassica juncea is a herb in the family (Brassicaceae). For centuries, Brassica juncea has been used as a natural remedy. Seeds are traditionally used against rheumatism, vomiting and jaundice. Seeds, mixed with moringa olefera, is a remedy for spleen and liver diseases. In this study Brassica juncea seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS which revealed 15 constituents. Major components of the oil are: 13-docosenic acid methyl ester(43.61%); 9 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(17.50%); 9 12 15-octadectrienoic acid methyl ester(12.49%);9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester(8.11%) and cis-13-eicosenoic acid methyl ester(7.83%). The oil was assessed for antimicrobial activity against five standard human pathogens.It exhibited partial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. However, it failed to exhibit activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans.
371 ISOLATION OF AN ISOFLAVONE FROM SUDANESE ACACIA NUBICA STEM BARK AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT , Abdel Karim M.*, Mohamed Y., Faiza I. and Alhafez M. A flavonoid - compound (I)- was isolated from the ethanol extract of Acacia nubica stem bark by thin layer chromatography and its structure was partially characterized on the basis of its spectral data (UV, NMR). The ethanol extract of Acacia nubica was screened for antimicrobial activity against five standard human pathogens : Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli and the fungal species Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against test organisms.
372 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PIMPINELLA ANISUM (UMBELLIFEREAE) GROWN IN JORDON , Abdel Karim M.*, Magid E. and M. Alla Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise) is a herb in the family Umbelliferae. The plant is a key species in Sudanese system of medicine. Anise seeds are used as analgesic, carminative, disinfectant, and diuretic in traditional medicine. In this study Pimpinella anisum seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed 34 components dominated by: 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(44.82%); apiol(15.33%);9,12-octadecadienc acid methyl ester (11.22%); hexadecanoic acid methyl ester(6.57%) and cis-10-nonadecenoic acid methyl ester (5.22%). The oil was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against five standard pathogenic microbes. It exhibited significant anticandidal potency and moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli:
373 RECENT UPDATE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING CHEMOTHERAPY IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA , *Dr. Md. Golam Hafiz, Professor Dr. Chowdhury Yakub Jamal and Professor Dr. Afiqul Islam Mucositis is an unavoidable oral complication during chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It decreases pH of saliva thereby increases oral infections. Chlorhexidine mouth wash, fluoride toothpaste prevents these complications. Zinc helps in mucous membrane stabilization; regulate taste perception having cofactor alkaline phosphatase within taste bud membrane. Dry mouth, decrease salivation is prevented by sibs of water, chewing gum, and cholinergic drugs. Leukemic children should rinse their mouth with baking soda for cleaning and lubrication. Benzydamine hydrochloride mouth wash prevents dental caries, xerostomia, and mucositis. Ice chips decreases poor entry of drugs to oral mucosa, vasoconstriction, poor blood flow, reduces severity of mucositis. Growth factors stimulate epithelial cell proliferation, decrease mucositis. Sucralfate checks oral infections and pain. Oral exercises are helpful to prevent trismus in leukemic children. Low dose laser therapy may be a choice to prevents secondary infections. Amifostine, Topical Vitamin E, Topical Beta-carotene, Prostaglandin E Lozenge, Glutamine, Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor provides a temporary physical barrier or lubricating agents.
374 HEREDITY OF FIBER YIELD IN THE F1-F3 HYBRIDS CREATED INVOLVING INTROGRESSIVE COTTON RIDGES , Matyokubov Sukhrobbek Kopalovich*, Namazov Shadman Ergashovich, Sodikov Hayot Rakhmonovich, Yuldasheva Rano Abdurashidovna, Niyatov Bakhodir Ikhtiyorovich and Tukhliev Muslimbek Rustambek o’g’li The article highlights the obtained results on the heredity of fiber yield in F1-F3 hybrids developed by cross-breeding of the Sultan variety included in the State Register of Agricultural Crops with new introgressive cotton ridges created by various complex hybridization methods.
375 THE USE OF MOSQUITO NET FOR THE PROTECTION FROM TOMATO MOTH (TUTA ABSOLUTA) , Mirkhalil Urazbekovich Kholdorov*, Saidmurat Sultanovich Alimukhamedov, Munisa Abdumajitovna Akhmedova This article presents the results of experiments conducted to determine the effectiveness of various mosquito nets against tomato moth (Tuta absoluta) in order to produce ecologically pure products in the open field. For tomato moth, the favourite crop is tomato in open fields and greenhouses. It has been studied that if controlling measures are not implemented in time, 100% of the yield is lost by the damage of tomato moth. This pest infects plants from the germination period to the end of the growth period, infesting the leaves, stems, flowers and fruit of the plant at all stages of development, and causes the withering of damaged plants.
376 REVIEW OF (50) GOITER CASES ADMITED TO MY SURGICAL WARDS FROM OCTOBR 2010 TO JULY 2018 , *Dr. Kadhum Falhi Zyarh ALmajedi Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, many survys of thyroid enlargement have been vague in difining enlargement. This study was carried out with the objective Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland in Al-Sadir city in Baghdad. This study was carried out in 2010–2018 on a sample of 50 Cases- consecutive patients presented with thyroid swelling with or without other constitutional symptoms like dyspnea, dysphagia, pain over the gland, palpitation, nervousness, and excessive sweating were considered for this study. Shows that the peak age incidence of thyroiditis is between (10-30) years, diffuse goiter is between (10-40) years, benign tumor is between (20-40) years, multinodular goiter and discrete nodule are between (20-50) years), and malignant tumors had two age incidences, the first is between (30-50) years, and the second is between (60-70) years.
377 PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG , Shuchishrava Sharma and Saloni Sharma Photochemical smog is a type of smog produced when ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. It is visible as a brown haze, and is most prominent during the morning and afternoon, especially in densely populated, warm cities. In this review,we shall be discussing it in detail, it’s health hazards and abatement strategies.
378 A HISTORICAL REVIEW ON LITERATURE OF MARMA SCIENCE , Dr. Katarmal Durga Harishbhai* and Dr. P. Hemantha Kumar Marma science is as old as acquaintance of Ayurveda. Marma Science is an art of treating certain vital points for rechanneling the Prana. There are several changes in the body’s biochemistry and can unfold radical, chemical change in one’s makeup after manipulating the Marma points. Stimulation of these inner pharmacy pathways indicates the body to produce assured neuro-chemicals that rectifies the body and mind. Vedic literature has few scattered references, which indicate the existence of this science since origin of human civilization. In this article, a humble effort is made to compile the historical details of Marma science which can be used to re -explore the new domain of Ayurveda.
379 A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING METHYL PARATHION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES , Shaista Firdous* and S. H. Rizwan Methyl Parathion is an organophosphorous pesticide and is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a class I toxicant. It is sprayed on crops to kill insects. Methyl parathion partitions mainly to air and soil in the environment, with lesser amounts in plants and animals. In human body, the liver breaks some of the methyl parathion down to a more harmful chemical, methyl paraoxon. Methyl parathion and methyl paraoxon bind to enzyme acetylcholinesterase in nerves and interferes with the normal functioning of nerves and brain. This review paper presents an overview of some chromatographic methods reported for the analysis of methyl parathion in environmental samples. The review has also explored the analysis of MeP by optical, fluorescent biosensors whose practicability was tested in real environmental samples and extended Raman Spectroscopy approaches for pesticide analysis.
380 EXTRACTION OF FOREIGN BODIES (SHALYA APANAYANEEYA) – A REVIEW ARTICLE , *Dr. Vishnu Raj M. and Dr. Shailaja S. V. Shalya is a main threat that disturb the comfort (sukha) of a person that eventually leads to various diseases or death. Pranashtashalya comprises of two words pranashta and shalya. Pranashtashalya in the sense denotes non procurable foreign particles lost in body. Acharya Susrutha mentioned about extraction of prnashta shalya in twenty seventh chapter of Susrutha Samhita sootra stana which is considered as one of the pillar stones of shalya tantra. Acharya Susruta managed to trace out, remove or manage the foreign particles lost in the body from signs and symptoms exhibited by the subject and also using the diagnostic techniques designed by him. Some of the techniques that were used those days are now also practiced.
381 SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: A REVIEW , Shaista Firdous* and S. H. Rizwan Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is an offshoot of Raman Spectroscopy offering improved characteristics like compound specific Raman fingerprint for the identification of substances, rendering information on chemical and physical characteristics. Further the technique is non-destructive, highly sensitive and has expanded scope in research fields of analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical and life sciences. This review presents the basics of SERS theory, the prevalent Raman principles, and the mechanisms of SERS enhancement. In any SERS application, SERS substrate plays a pivotal role. A brief description of different SERS substrates, their fabrication method has been presented. Lastly, the related enhanced techniques like Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), Shell-isolated NP-enhanced Raman scattering (SHINERS), etc., have been mentioned.
382 REVIEW ON RATIONAL AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY , Mohammed Safi Ur-Rahman, Syed Muneb Ahmed, Govinda Nayak, Juzer Sabuwala and S. P. Srinivas Nayak* Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly. It is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure(BP). Hypertension is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in India. Both SBP and DBP increase with age. In elderly persons there are specific underlying mechanisms of HTN, including mechanical hemodynamic changes, arterial stiffness, neurohormonal and autonomic dysregulation, and the aging kidney. The goals and strategies for treating hypertension in the elderly population are different from, and more challenging than, in younger patients. Lifestyle modification is effective in this population, but it is difficult to maintain There is often a debate about which antihypertensive drug class should be used first in elderly patients with hypertension. Combination of low dose diuretic (chlorthalidone) and a beta blocker(Atenolol) appears to be suitable first line therapy in vast majority of elderly hypertensive patients, even CCB‘s(Amlodipine) can be substituted for Atenolol. Complex and multiple drug regimes should be avoided in elderly patients as they may be confusing.
383 A REVIEW ON MICROENCAPSULATIONA , Prof. Sharma Shubham*, Sharma Geetika and Jaiswal Silky Microencapsulation is a process by which very tiny droplets or particles of liquid, solid or gas are enclosed or coated with a continuous film of polymeric material. It includes Bio encapsulation which is more restricted to the entrapment of a biologically active substance generally to improve its performance and to enhance its shelf life. This technique has been employed in a diverse range of fields from chemicals and pharmaceuticals to cosmetics and printing. For this reason, widespread interest has developed in microencapsulation technology. The most significant feature of microcapsules is their microscopic size that allows for a huge surface area. The large surface area is available for sites of adsorption and desorption, chemical reactions, light scattering, etc. This review paper highlights the major reasons behind microencapsulation, important techniques of microencapsulation and application of microencapsulated products in different areas of science and technology.
384 CONTEMPORARY AND TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS)- A CRITICAL REVIEW , Vd. Bharat D. Zinjurke*, Dr. Kirti Bhati and Dr. Amit Nampalliwar Metabolic syndrome is an emerging global health problem in the 21st century and now it is becoming a pandemic disease. Nearby 20 – 25% worlds’ adult population is suffering from MetS and the reasons for that are sedentary lifestyle, changing dietary habits, lack of physical activity, and stress. Mets are a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and fatty liver disease. It is also a major risk factor for various viral infections disease like COVID 19 and secodary bacterial infection through hampering immunity. Mets proliferate the economic burden on an individual as well as the national health system. Present management modules only treat symptoms or the complication of MetS but do not treat the individual’s body and mind as a whole. Up till now utmost recommendations focus on diet and exercise and do not consider stress-reducing strategies. Contemporary and traditional management composed can improve this condition. This paper critically reviews the contemporary and traditional perspectives of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and recommends the adoption of holistic treatment, a good lifestyle with an appropriately balanced diet along with Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation and a stress-free living which can prove to be effective management for Metabolic syndrome (MetS).
385 IMPORTANCE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINES: A REVIEW , Azharruddin Mohammed* and Akthar Sulthana Mohammad The review of this article is mainly focussed on the importance and classifications of emergency medicines. One of the hardest decisions a medical profession has to make is the choice of specialty. Many studies have explored what influences the choice of emergency medicine (EM) as a specialty. In this review article, we elaborate on the most important medication called emergency medicines. Additionally, we tackle some of the challenges that emergency professionals face. For example, having to follow a different method of the health professionals, as well as the patients’ quality and expectations. This review also addresses some of the concerns regarding the specialty, and choice of medication. Finally, we provide the readers interested in EM with some resources that can provide them with further guidance to decide whether EM is the right choice for them.
386 BIOSENSORS: AN EMERGING ANALYTICAL TOOL FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER BIOMARKERS TO REDUCE THE MORTALITY RATE , Pankajkumar Yadav*, Rohit Kumar, Nishant Patidar, Sakshi Singh, Sayyad Abdulhakim Abdullah and Manish Mourya Cancer is the serious health problem characterized by the uncontrolled multiplication of cells. It is the second leading cause of mortality throughout the world. Effective and accurate early diagnosis is current need of hour to reduce the severity and mortality rate of cancer. In the past few years, biosensors have gained significant attraction in the detection of the emerging cancer biomarkers. These are the analytical devices that has vast potential to detect the biomolecules like protein, DNA, RNA and converting them into detectable electrical signal. Biosensor technology can be designed to provide reliable and accurate detection of cancer biomarkers, imaging study of cancer cells, and to detect the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents at various target sites. However, a major challenge in the development of biosensors is that cancer is highly complex set of diseases. In this review, we highlighted the challenges in the early detection of cancer, emerging use of biosensors as a diagnostic tool, and some future applications of biosensor technology.
387 A REVIEW ON VARIOUS METHODS TO ENHANCE THE SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS , K. Sireesha* and Amulya C. H. Solubility is one of the important parameters to achieve the requiredconcentration of drug in systemic circulation for getting the pharmacological actions. The poor solubility and low dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs causes’ insufficient bioavailability in gastrointestinal fluids. Many pharmaceutical techniques have been developed to increase the solubility of drugs thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Each technique has own advantages and disadvantages. Knowledge of factors influencingsolubility and dissolution of drugs helps in developing new methods to enhance bioavailability of drugs.
388 REVIEW ON RADIO ACTIVE ISOTOPES AND ITS APPLICATIONS , D. Varshith*, B. Madhavakrishna, A. Padma, Dr. B. Venkateswara Reddy The field of nuclear medicine uses radiation to provide diagnostic information about the functioning of humans or information on how to treat them. Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year and the demand for radioisotopes for medical use is increasing rapidly. Isotopes which have atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers. Isotopes are available in naturally and stable. Some of A few naturally occurring isotopes and all of the man-made isotopes are unstable. Unstable isotopes can become stable by releasing different types of particles. This process is called radioactive decay and the elements which undergo this process are called radioisotopes/radionuclides. Stable and radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are utilized in a variety of medical and industrial applications ranging from diagnostic and therapeutic products to screening devices used to detect explosives and drugs. Isotopes are used to irradiate food and medical supplies to reduce bacterial levels and minimize spoilage. The present review describes that production of radio isotopes, applications of isotopes and therapeutic achievements of radioactive isotopes.
389 IMPACT OF COVID- 19 ON GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT , *Dr. Ramprakash Prajapati and Rashmi Singhai The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). No specific medicine or vaccine is available yet to control the disease; hence, social distancing via lockdown is widely adopted as the only preventive measure. Social distancing is observed at different level of strictness in different counties but it almost made the world to stands still. Although scientific articles on this largest social move are scanty, it resulted in benefiting the deteriorated environment to revive back. Many environmental indices such as lowering NO2, SO2, NH3 and CO2 emissions and reduction in particulate matters(PM) in air as a result of less human activities have led to clean air and pollution free water (level of DO, BOD, COD and heavy metals etc.) in many countries. Undoubtedly, the world was experiencing pollution in several countries due to mainly human activities including urbanization, industrialization, fossil fuel exhaustion etc. Under such situation a special (natural) a protective measure was awaited to fix environmental issues. Probably, the lockdown is one of the natural effects expected by nature via introduction of COVID-19. It is because, introduction of COVID-19 to nature was an outcome of mutation from two of its pre-existing forms, although, debate on it is still continuing. Global spread of COVID-19 in a quite short time has brought a dramatic decrease in industrial activities, road traffic and tourism. Restricted human interaction with nature during this crisis time has appeared as a blessing for nature and environment. Reports from all over the world are indicating that after the outbreak of COVID-19, environmental conditions including air quality and water quality in rivers are improving and wildlife is blooming. India has always been a hub of pollution with huge population, heavy traffics and polluting industries leading to high air quality index (AQI) values in all major cities. But after declaration of lockdown due to COVID-19, quality of air has started to improve and all other environmental parameters such as water quality in rivers have started giving a positive sign towards restoring. This paper describes improvement of air, water, noise and wild life quality on environment during pre and post lockdown of this pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 on global environment and sustainable development.
390 “EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDAE ATTENDING ANTENATAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN SELECTED MATERNITY HOSPITALS AT BENGALURU”. , Kavitha L. A.* and Dr. Pushpaveni N. P. Every pregnancy is a joyful moment for all mothers who dream of a safe pregnancy and a healthy baby However, every pregnant woman faces the risk of sudden, unpredictable complications that could end in death or injury to herself or to her infant. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) is a strategy that encourages pregnant women, their families, and communities to effectively plan for births and deal with emergencies. A study was conducted to know the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding BPCR. Method: Pre-experimental design, with Non probability convenient sampling method was used. Information was collected from 50 primigravidae BPCR using the structured interview schedule. Pre-test was conducted, VAT was implemented and post-test was conducted after 7 days of pre-test to find the effectiveness of VAT on knowledge regarding BPCR Result: Overall mean % of pre-test knowledge regarding BPCR is 38.5% .Classification of respondents on pre-test in which majority 80%(< 50% score) of respondents had inadequate knowledge, 10% (50-75% score) of respondents had moderately adequate, 0% (> 75% score) of respondents had adequate knowledge. Overall mean % of post-test knowledge regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness is 89.35%. Classification of respondent by post-test shows majority of 100% (>75%) of respondents were having adequate knowledge, 0% (< 50% and 50-75%) of respondents were having inadequate and moderately adequate knowledge.Hence the research hypothesis H1 which was stated that there will be a significant improvement in the level of knowledge among primigravidae regarding BPCR after VAT than before VAT at 0.05 level of significance was accepted. Interpretation And Conclusion: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding BPCR among primigravidae.Thus the study result revealed significant association between post-test and knowledge of primigravidae regarding BPCR
391 ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF BILASTINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY UPLC , Shaista Firdous* and S. H. Rizwan This paper describes a new validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of Bilastine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The objective of the study is to develop a rapid, precise, accurate, robust UPLC method for the determination of Bilastine with acceptable retention time. The mobile phase consists of pH 3.5 Sodium Phosphate 10mM Buffer : Methanol : Acetonitrile (60 : 30 : 10 v/v/v) acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, with a PDA detector at 248 nm. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C8 column (1.7 μm; 50 mm × 2.1 mm ID) maintained at 30 °C temperature in a column oven. The method was linear between 50μg/mL – 150μg/mL concentration range. The limit of detection was 0.368μg/mL and the limit of quantification was 1.117μg/mL. The developed UPLC method achieved good precision and accuracy; suitable to be used for routine analysis of Bilastine.
392 ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS AND FERMENTED FOOD ON INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL SPECIES , *Neha Dubey and Shobha Shrivastava The probiotic microorganisms especially Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are reported to produce many metabolites including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl and bacteriocins; that could be utilized in vast number of applications. Besides the use of probiotic organism in variety of industrial food and feed fermentations, they possess strong antagonistic properties towards other related microorganisms, including food spoilage organisms and pathogens. Since microbial metabolites derived from probiotics have shown the inhibitory activity against the many pathogens including E.coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, B. anthracis etc. In present investigation also different types of fermentating food stuffs and dairy products were used to isolate probiotic Lactobacilli with antimicrobial potential which probably may secret antimicrobial proteinaceus substances which are collectively called as bacteriocins. The pure culture of indigenously isolated Lactobacilli were inoculated in sterile MRS broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The Lactobacillus isolates were cultured in the volume of 5 ml in test tube which were subjected to centrifugation at 10,000 RPM in a high speed centrifuge for 15 minutes at ambient temperature after the period of incubation when growth of microbes were observed in the form of turbidity. The procedure followed was with reference to the procedures suggested. Well diffusion method was adapted to check the antimicrobial potential of indigenously isolated Lactobacilli from different fermenting food and dairy products Out of the 14 indigenously isolated Lactobacillus spp. the isolates which were observed to impart inhibitory effect at a concentration of 20 μl of fermentation extract in each well of media plates are LB-2, LB-5, LB-6, LB-7, LB-11, LB-12, LB-13 and LB-14 towards test microbial species used in present work.
393 EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-UROLITHIATIC POTENTIAL OF MERREMIA TRIDENTATA (L.) HALLIER F. BY CALCIUM OXALATE DISSOLUTION ASSAY , Jisa Ann Sabu, *Dr. Brijithlal N. D., Dr. Prakash G. Williams Urolithiasis commonly known as stone formation is one of the most painful urological disorder. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity of Merremia tridentata by calcium oxalate dissolution assay. The distilled water extract, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, chloroform extract, lime juice extract and tender coconut water extract were taken for the evaluation. All the six extracts shown their effectiveness in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals. The ethyl acetate extract was more effective when compared to other extracts with a high rate of dissolution. The study revealed that Merremia tridentata possess potent anti-urolthiatic activity.
394 ASSESSING THE NON WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS (NWFP): A CHALLENGE FOR ACHIEVING ECOSYSTEM, SPECIES CONSERVATION AND IMPROVING LIVELIHOODS. THE CASE OF UMRAWABA LOCALITY (NORTH KORDOFAN STATE, SUDAN) , *Amani Abdelrahim Kobbail, Elkheir Mugadam Salih and Abdelwadoud Abdallah Elkhalifa The aim of this study was to assess the Non Wood Forest Products(NWFP) and their contribution to the rural communities livelihood and to end up with specific management strategies to conserve NWFP producing species in the study area. The study carried out at Umrawaba locality which is located in the Northern East part of the Northern Kordofan State between latitudes (120-140) north and longitudes (300-320) east. A combination of methods was adopted for data collection these included: Reconnaissance survey, structured and semi- structured interviews, group discussion and observation. Respondents were selected through simple random selection. The household was the basic unit of data collection, sixty households were sampled out. Four villages were selected on the basis of availability of NWFP producing species. The data was processed and analyzed using statistical package of social science (SPSS). The study provides a list of NWFP producing species in the study area and documenting the local knowledge regarding the uses and management of the forest resources in the area. The results revealed that the non timber forest products have a clear role in the contribution of rural people income and represents secondary source after farming and livestock. The study revealed that there are various constraints, which negatively affect the distribution and abundance of the non-wood forest products producing species. The study recommended due attention to the way the NWFP exploitation and commercialization and also recommended community participation in the conservation and management with clear indication of sense of ownership.
395 SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF LEAD IN ‘LEAD CONTAINING PLANTS’ IN SIDDHA BY ICP-MS METHOD , *Anitha John, Sakkeena A., Manju K. C., Selvarajan S., Neethu Kannan B., Gayathri Devi V. and Kanagarajan A. Siddha system is one of the oldest medicinal systems of India. In Siddha medicine the use of metals and minerals are more predominant in comparison to other Indian traditional medicinal systems. A major portion of the Siddha medicines uses herbs and green leaved medicines. Ancient Siddha literature specifies medicinal plants containing various metal constituents. In the Classical Text of Siddha system of medicine Gunapadam Thathu Jeeva Vaguppu, a verse narrates 11 plants as ‘Lead containing’. These plants are Seethai, Muthirukanchevi, Vellaisaarvelai, Pathukai, Vaeliparuthi, Musthaiyum, Surai, Seenthil, Vizhuthi, Sirupeelai and Vellarugu. This paper deals with the scientific validation of this verse by estimating Lead in the different anatomical parts of the mentioned plants using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The anatomical parts were selected as per the usage of the plants mentioned in the Classical texts of Siddha system of medicine. Three accessions of the plant materials were studied and the results of the analysis were compared and found that all the plant materials studied contain Lead in detectable range. The Lead level of every accession of each plant material varied from one another. The Lead content was varied from 0.36 ppm to 6.65 ppm in all the three accessions of plants studied. As per the guidelines of WHO and FDA, the permissible limit for Lead is <10 ppm. In this study Lead content was observed within the aforesaid permissible limit and thereby proving the level of safety for the consumption. By this study, the ancient claim of the presence of Lead in these medicinal plants is proved scientifically.
396 PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CHROMIUM - VI ON SOME HAEMOCHEMI-CAL PARAMETERS IN A MAMMALIAN MODEL , Indrani Chakraborty, Rafi Ahammed Reja, Sougata Karmakar and Dr. Nirmal Pradhan* The existence of Chromium(Cr) was discovered by Vauquelin in 1797 and its physical and chemical properties have sequentially been determined afterwards. Most of the studies on health effects involve exposure to chromium 0, IIÐ†, IV and chromium-VI compounds. Cr-VI in the environment is almost always related to anthropogenic activi-ty. The most common form of Cr-VI is readily solubilised from most soil and transported through water that con-tacts the soils and used for industrial and commercial productions which have become more prevalent environmen-tal contaminants. Accidental or intentional ingestion of extremely high doses of Cr-VI compounds has resulted in severe respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal and neurological effects in man as a part of the sequelae leading to death or in patients who survived because of medical treatment. But no reports are available on chronic oral exposure of Cr-VI at equivalant to human RDA doses on hematological parameters in rats as the mammalian model. In the present study, Cr-VI has been administered orally through gavage to adult male albino rats at the doses of 1mg, 1.5mg and 2mg /100gm body weight/day, accordingly to Gr. 1, 2 and 3 for consicu-tive 33 days with water ad libitum. The results showed no significant changes in body weight gain, Haemoglobin level, blood glucose level, serum protein, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and SGPT activity. Only the mild increased activity was found in SGOT in group-3. So, it can be surmised that, Cr-VI has no such potent toxic ef-fects in this treated doses and duration on male rats as the mammalian system.
397 A RANDOMIZED OPEN CLINICAL TRAIL ON THE EFFECT OF YAVADI CHURNA WITH DAVANAGERE MIX AND DAVANAGERE MIX IN TREATMENT OF KARSHYA (UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN) , Dr. Doulabi Choudhari*, Dr. Rashmi V. Shettar, Dr. Suryanarayana M. and Dr. Radhika Injamuri Protein energy malnourishment is widely recognized as a major health problem which is responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity in developing countries including India. In a majority of children, mild to moderate malnutrition (grade 1 and grade 2) remains undetected due to lack of awareness on the part of all concerned. The condition needs a special attention in initial stages to avoid grave ailments of grade 3 and grade 4 malnutition. Hence the present study “A randomized open clinical trail on the effect of yavadichurna with davanagere mix and davanagere mix in treatment of karshya (under weight children)” Methods: Detailed case proforma was prepared and observations were recorded and graded. 60 children suffering from grade 2 malnutrition were selected from OPD, IPD and swarnaprashana camps conducted in S.J.G.A.M.C and hospital in the Department of Kaumarabhritya. (Group A) received Yavadichurna with Davanagere mixture and Control group (group B) received Davanagere Mixture alone for a period of 1 month. Detailed case proforma was prepared and observations were recorded and graded. Results: Results obtained after the clinical trial was analyzed statistically and all the observations were subjected to creative discussions. The final results showed that after 1 month of administration of the treatment, trial group showed significant result in comparison to the control group in the parameters like appetite, weakness, weight, height, mid arm circumference. The effect of treatment was stable in trial group. Interpretation and Conclusion: The present study showed that Yavadichurna is more effective in correcting grade 2 malnutrition than the alone health mix. The present study has revealed the scope for conducting more researches in the topic of protein energy malnourishment and also in the drug Yavadichurna.
398 IMPROVED ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CLOTRIMAZOLE EMULGEL AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS , Sandeep Gupta, Priyanka Chaturvedi, Abhishek Banke, Surendra Kumar Jain and Durga Pandey* Aim and objective of the study is to prepare and evaluate emulgels of Clotrimazole. Formulations were prepared by using Carbomer, Liquid Paraffin, Span 20 Tween 80, Propylene Glycol and Water. Developed formulations of Clotrimazole were evaluated for the physiochemical properties such as Spreadability 14.89 gcm/sec, Viscosity 3985 cP, pH 7.02, for optimized formulation, texture was found smooth and white cream. Melting point of emulgel was 147-149 C. Mean particle size of nanoemulsion was found 101.1 nm and SEM shows 200 nm droplet size, Cumulative percentage drug release was 98.98 in 6 hours from optimized formulation. Antifungal activity of emulgel against Candida albicans was more than marketed gel of same drug.
399 BASTI THERAPY IN VATASHTHEELA (BPH): A CASE REPORT , Dr. Shalini Patel*, Prof. (Dr.) Sunil Kumar Joshi, Dr. Ajay Kumar Gupta Various Mutrarogas along with their management have been described in Ayurvedic classics, and of these Mutraghata is an important anomaly in which Vibandha or Avarodha (obstruction in the flow of urine) is a major feature. Among all 13 types of Mutraghata, Vatashtheela, Vatakundalikaa, Vatabasti and Mootrajathara resembles with obstructive uropathy. Among them, Vatashtheela has very close similarity with BPH based on symptomatology. Vatashtheela is the very common condition seen in elderly men. The specific approach which is used in the management of BPH depends on many factors such as age, prostate weight, size, severity of the symptoms, etc. In Ayurveda, so many drugs in different forms, dosage and combinations are given for the management of Vatashtheela (a type of Mutraghata). After referring many Ayurvedic texts, mainly two drugs Narayana Taila & Dashamula Kwatha were selected for the treatment of disease Vatashtheela. These two drugs were used in combination in the form of Basti (per rectum) in view of a long-term effect. In this research article, a patient of Vatashtheela was treated with the guidelines which described in Ayurveda. A satisfactory positive result was obtained without any adverse effect.
400 POTENTIAL ROLES OF AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC EXTRACTS OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA AS AN ANTI-BACTERIAL AND ANTI-OXIDANT AGENT , Mansoor Shazia* and Mustafa Huma Ziziphus jujuba is an economically important tropical fruit tree, which is grown all over the dry parts of the Indian sub-continent. The aim of the study was to examine anti-microbial and anti-oxidant property in leaf extract of Z. jujuba extract (aqueous, cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol). The methanollic extract showed considerable anti-microbial activity against S. aureus and the zone of inhibition was found to be 18 mm and 15 mm at the concentration of 40 mg/ml concentration of plant extract by well and disc diffusion method respectively. The anti-oxidant activity by different methods were screened and the strongest activity were shown by methanol extract and gave IC50 value of 134.6 ± 0 μg/ml by DPPH method. The IC50 value of 26.07 ± 2.75 μg/ml and 43.2 ± 1.55 μg/ml were obtained in methanollic extract by Alkaline DMSO and Nitric oxide scavenging assay respectively. Whereas, hydroxyl radicals were strongly scavenged by benzene extract and gave IC50 value of 18.3 ± 11.51 μg/ml.
401 PEYADI SAMSARJANA KRAMA: A REVIEW , Dr. Rajendra Garg*, Dr. Gopesh Mangal, Dr. Gunjan Garg and Dr. Jatinder Verma Panchkarma represents five therapeutic procedures of Samshodhana (Internal purification of the body). Samshodhana and Samshamana are the two types of treatment in Ayurveda advised for the patient with vitiated Dosha, Dhatu, Jatharagni or Mala. Samshodhana is advisable to treat a patient for permanent cure by the evacuation of accumulated morbid Dosha from the body through the nearest possible route. But after Samshodhana Karma Jatharagni get disturbed and weakened; therefore, regular normal diet is not advisable. After the administration of Vamana Karma or Virechana Karma, a special diet regimen is to be followed called as Samsarjana Krama which means a proper sequential diet regimen of Peya, Vilepi, Kritakrita Yusha and Kritakrita Mamsarasa. Sequential diet regimen advised in Samsarjana Krama, increases the strength of weakened Jatharagni and body after Samshodhana Karma. Diet prescribed from Laghu (easy to digest) Aahara to Guru (heavy to digest) Aahara provides sequential nourishment to the body and adaptability to every system of the body.
402 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) INDUCED TOXICITY ON BRAIN TISSUE TOTAL ATPASE, Mg2+AND Ca2+ATPASES IN WISTAR STRAIN MALE ALBINO RAT WITH CONCERNING OF RED GRAPE SEED EXTRACT (RGSE) , S. Allabakash, V. Uday Kiran, Dr. K. Peera and *Prof. K. Yellamma D-Galactose toxicity can upset brain chemistry leading to depression, nervousness, and destabilized immunity. In people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the increasing devastation of learning and memory eventually leads to a definitive diagnosis. The chief principle of the present study was to estimate the ameliorative effect of Red Grape Seed Extract (RGSE) on the brain of 24 male albino rats after introduction to D-Galactose toxicity. In the present study Age matched rats were be divided into 4 groups of six in each group and treated as follows: Group-I. Control (CN) rats received 0.9% saline(1ml/kg body weight).Group-II. Rats treated with intraperitoneally (IP) administered with D-Gal (120 mg/kg body weight) up to end of the experiment. Group-III. Rats injected with saline for first six weeks and from 7th week onwards treated with Red Grape Seed Extract (RGSE) ethanol extract (100mg/kg body weight) orally for 60 days. Group-IV. Rats injected with D-Galactose intraperitoneally (120 mg/kg body weight) for six weeks, and then followed by simultaneous oral administration of Red Grape Seed ethanol extract (100mg/kg body weight) for another 60 days. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Mean while isolated the Brain tissue and calculated the activity levels of Total ATPase, Mg2+ and Ca2+, while the treatment with RGSE affected the alterations in these parameters. AD induced experimental rats treated with Red Grape Seed Extract (RGSE) recorded a phenomenal elevation in Total ATPases, Mg2+ and Ca2+, ATP ases. Meanwhile the combination treatment (RGSE+D-Gal) reveals that significant elevation of Total ATPases, Mg2+ and Ca2+, ATPases was seen in experimental groups. Evidently, this review reveals that RGSE play a key role to enhance all energy metabolisms in AD induced rats and increase the neurotransmitters in brain system.
403 EFFICACY OF MISWAK AND CARDAMOM EXTRACT ON DIFFERENT CANDIDAL SPECIES: AN IN VITRO STUDY , *Dr. Reddy Lavanya, Dr. Mamatha Boringi, Dr. Nallan CSK Chaitanya, Dr. C. Tirumala Ravali, Dr. Lingam Amara Swapna, Dr. Madupu Padma Reddy Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of overall health. Poor oral health may often lead to opportunistic infections. Among them most common is candidiasis. Antifungal activities of different plant extracts were shown to be effective against candida. This study was done with an objective, to estimate antifungal efficacy of miswak and cardamom extracts on different candidal species by comparing the growth inhibition zone with both the extracts. Materials and method: Commercially available Test organisms, of candidal species, were used for the study to which plant extracts were applied. After incubation, the zones of growth inhibition were measured in mm on agar plates with a loop technique. Results: Inhibitory effects of Miswak & Cardamom extracts against different species of candida were examined. Cardamom extract showed greater inhibitory values ranging from 20mm to 10mm as a zone of inhibition when compared with miswak which ranged from 14 to 10mm as zone of inhibition in all species other than candida albicans. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed, that homemade products such as miswak and cardamom had greater antimicrobial activity. Future studies should focus on the preparation of ointments along with clinical application in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
404 INHIBITION OF ð›¼-GLUCOSIDASE BY NOVEL SERIES OF PIPERIDINYL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: IN SILICO DESIGN AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES , Anjali V. P., Babu G. and Shiny George* In the present study we report the inhibitory effect of piperidinyl coumarin derivatives on the activity of ð›¼-glucosidase through insilico studies. Inhibiting the action of such enzyme can significantly reduce post-prandial glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes. Molecular docking was carried out on ð›¼-glucosidase using AutoDock Vina in order to understand the molecular interaction of ligands with the active site of the enzyme. The derivatives (2A1-4C7) were analyzed for in silico ADMET properties and toxicity to establish oral drug like behavior and showed satisfactory results. The interactions of analogues showed that they could use as antidiabetic agent with suitable drug-like properties as compared to other active drugs for diabetes and therefore could be recommended for further studies, hopefully could discover a new specific leads in antidiabetic category as α-glucosidase inhibitor.
405 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ARAGVADHADI SUTRA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BHAGANDARA , Dr. Pushpa Chhangani* Anal fistula is a common problem that causes substantial morbidity in persons who are otherwise healthy. It is one in which a patient experiences pain, discharge and un-comfortness etc. Owing to the numerous surgical complications while treating the disease, the Ksharsutra therapy came as a breakthrough and Aragvadhadi sutra was accepted as the standardized one. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aragvadhadi sutra in the management of Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano). A total of 40 patients were included in this study on inclusion criteria and divided into two equal groups. Trial group treated with Aragvadhadi sutra and control group treated with Standard Ksharsutra. Assessment was made on pain and objective (Nadi Chedan Kala) parameters. Observations were made before the treatment and on every 7th day of the therapy until complete cutting of the track. This study reveals that in group A the patients had Grade II, III and IV severity of pain and in group B the pain grade was observed as Grade I, II and III. In Group A (Standard Ksharsutra) the Nadi Chedan Kala was 0.91 cm/week and in Group B (Aragvadhadi sutra) the Nadi Chedan Kala was 0.84 cm/week. The study showed that the trial drug Aragvadhadi sutra was as good as the standard Ksharsutra in the treatment of Bhagandara.
406 URBAN ROOF TOP GARDENING USING LUFFA CYLINDRICA (CUCURBITACEAE) AT UDM ERMITA, MANILA, PHILIPPINES , Alma E. Nacua*, Custer C. Deocaris and Nenita O. Santos This research is an output of Science Technology and Society (STS) subject, which is a General Education subject taken during the first year level of the College and Arts and Sciences students. Under this course subject, there was a topic called environmental awareness, where students were taught to plant on an open space like the roof top of Universidad de Manila to make it greener and at the same time to grow vegetable for food. Students come from underprivileged family. Most of the students are from the depressed areas of Tondo, Manila. The community is populated with residence who are receiving below standardized salary. The subject guided them to be aware of their surroundings, and on how it can be useful to them. Thus, they were taught to hone and develop their skill to grow, harvest and prepare vegetables for their families. Student were encouraged to use the vacant lots or even small spaces at the vicinity of their community that can be converted into a green space. At the end of this experiment students learned to improve their nutritional health and develop their environmental appreciation. The purpose of the study was to test the possibility Luffa cylindrica (Patola) in a recyclable Styrofoam with the garden soil will be possible. The experimental design method was used. The controlled variable was Luffa cylindrica seed grown on the same type of container with loam soil from June to 0ctober 2019. Conclusion: The possibility of growing the Luffa cylindrica (L) generated 28 % possible with the 60 cm average length of the fruit using loam soil.
407 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER IN INDIA AND INDIAN COMMUNITY IN USA , Dr. Karan J. Yagnik* Awareness about neurological disorder and quality of life has increased in developing country like India. By analyzing data and reanalysing previous data, we could shed more light on current neurological disorder. India has shown significant improvement in economic indicator like GDP, reserve of foreign exchange etc. According to UN report India falls at the near bottom of the countries (is Ranked 135 among total 187 countries. Healthcare quality (% satisfied) 48% below even to Bangladesh, Shrilanka and Nepal.
408 AN OUTLOOK OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CONTEXT OF TAMAKA SHVASA IN AYURVEDA , Dr. Arun Kumar Gupt*, Dr. Trupti Gupta and Dr. Satej T. Banne Tamaka Shvasa is mentioned as one of the variety among five types of Shvasa. But out of these, Kshudra Shvasa present as symptom in most of the diseases & it does not require any medication whereas Maha Shvasa, Urdhva Shvasa & Chinna Shvasa were present in the terminal stages of various diseases. At present, asthma is reported in 1.2 – 6.3 % adults in most countries.[3] About 300 million people worldwide suffering from asthma and the number has risen by around 50 % in the last decade.[4] There are only a few studies from India on epidemiology of asthma. Overall burden of asthma in India is estimated to be more than 15 million patients.[4] Five percent of children under 11 years have asthma in India.[5] Tamaka Shwasa is a kind of Shwasa Roga distressing the Pranavaha Srotas, which is ominously distressing and a fatal disorder of the present-day-life. Tamaka Shwasa has been defined in various Ayurvedic classics and seems to be identical to bronchial asthma. On comparative enquiry of the data, it appears that Shodhana Chikitsa is more effective than Shamana Chikitsa in Tamaka Shwasa. On the basis of the findings it can be concluded that Virechana Karma, a purification therapy is the potential procedure for the treatment of Tamaka Shwasa. three types of treatment has been prescribed by Charaka: Antahparimarjana, BahiParimarjana & ShastraPranidhana. Antahparimarjana: Drugs are used internally to pacify vitiated doshas. In the Tamaka Shvasa following modalities have applied (I) Shodhana (ii) Shamana. Bahiparimarjana are Snehana - especially with Salavantail &Swedana - Snigdha Sweda, Upanaha, Nadi Sweda. Shastra Pranidhana Chikitsa is not applied in case of Tamakashvasa. As per opinion of Charaka disease is nothing but the Dhatuvaishamya and prime goal of management is to achieve Dhatusaamya. According to Kaarya Kaarana Siddhanta Dhatuvaishamya is due to Nidana, Indulgence of various Nidana leads to Dhatuvaishamya.
409 CRITICAL APPRAISAL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF TAMAKSHVASA , Dr. Trupti Gupta*, Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta and Dr. Satej T. Banne TamakaShvasa is mentioned as one of the variety among five types of Shvasa. But out of these, KshudraShvasa present as symptom in most of the diseases & it does not require any medication whereas MahaShvasa, UrdhvaShvasa & ChinnaShvasa were present in the terminal stages of various diseases. TamakaShvasa is a 'Swantartra' Vyadhi & having its own etiology, pathology & Management. At present, asthma is reported in 1.2 – 6.3 % adults in most countries.[1] About 300 million people worldwide suffering from asthma and the number has risen by around 50 % in the last decade.[2] TamakaShwasa is kaphavatatmaka and pitta sthanasamudbhavavyadhi of pranavahasrotas. Though tridosha are intricate in this disease but mostly vata and kapha are involved. Vyanjakahetu show a main role in incentive of hidden dosha of the body. The review stated that nidana revealed in Ayurveda for TamakaShwasa are relevant to current era in the pathogenesis of disease. Hence nidanaparivarjana helps in conservation of health eminence of patients of TamakaShwasa. The patients were sternly advised to follow the restraints regarding food, food habits, and life style. To the magnitude possible, they were instructed to avoid the credible causative factors of the disease and roots of Agnimandya. Pathyasevana and Apathyavarjana have chief role in prevention and managing of Tamakashwasa.
410 ESTABLISHING THE NOSOCOMIAL BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ISOLATED FROM ITEMS AND WORK SURFACES, AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS IN THE POST-OPERATIVE WARD AT AMRIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL/ ANBAR HEALTH , *Dr. Saadi Shakir Mahmood and Mustafa Sayel Mayyah Nosocomial infection is a major problem in the health-care delivery system especially in developing countries due to the limited resources. The roles played by medical care equipment and work surfaces in the transmission of such organisms have inevitably contributed to the elevated mortality, morbidity and antibiotic resistances. This study aimed to establish the nosocomial bacterial contaminants often found on hospital fomites, cover items and work surfaces, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns predisposing patients to infection in the post-operative ward at Amriya general hospital. A total (150) samples were collected during the study from Amriya general hospital. Swab samples were collected from various work surfaces and fomites which consisted of beds, sink taps, infusion stands, switches, work tables and scissors. Cultures were done and the susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that 67 (44.7%) of the collected swab specimens represented the overall bacterial contamination of the sampled articles. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the highest bacterial contaminants constituting of 71.6% (48/67) and 11.9% (8/67) respectively. Patient beds were found to have the highest bacterial contamination levels constituting 20.9% (14/67). Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics with 100%, 73.7% and 73.7% sensitivity patterns among the isolates respectively. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 52.1% (25/48) with 8% (2/25) classified as a possible extensively drug resistant (XDR) whereas Gram negative isolates had 31.6% (6/19) MDR strains out of which 50% (3/6) were classified as possible pan-drug resistant (PDR). It can be concluded that the high prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hospital work environment is an indicator of poor or ineffective decontamination. The study findings focused on the necessity to formulate drug usage policies and re-examine effectiveness of decontamination and sterilization practices within Amriya general hospital. We also recommend installation of a sound Microbiology unit at the hospital to perform susceptibility testing to check the empirical use of antibiotics as a way of reducing the rampant elevation in drug resistance.
411 SOME EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND MALARIA DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AMONG STUDENTS OF BENUE STATE POLYTECHNIC, UGBOKOLO, NIGERIA. , Abel Ode Adulugba* and Victor Ugochukwu Obisike Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium family and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and malaria diagnostic methods amongst students of Benue State Polytechnic Ugbokolo. A total of 420 students were examined in this study. Blood samples were collected by finger prick onto clean slides and into the round sample well of PfRDTs. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. The prevalence of malaria infection using microscopy, PfRDTs and combination of microscopy and PfRDTs was 35.6%, 31.7%, and 29.5% respectively. A questionnaire was used to determine some demographic factors. The Prevalence of malaria in relation to age groups, age between 16-19 and 20-22 years recorded higher infection rate of 42.2 % and 27.2% respectively. While, age group 26-28 recorded 15.8%. The result was statistically different (P<0.05). The prevalence was higher among the male students (37.1%) were more infected than in their females counterparts (21.9%), the difference was significant statistically. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between students that do not used malaria preventive methods (70.3%) compared to students that used combined methods of prevention ( 8.8%). Malaria still remains prevalent among students in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria. There is need to intensify campaigns on preventive and control methods.
412 IN-VITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METFORMIN/GLYBURIDE COMBINATION GENERIC BRAND TO THE ORIGINATOR , Abdrhman M. Gamil*, Ali Elmardi M. Hussein and baa K. Ibrahim The Sudan Pharmaceutical industry was slowly growing. Many generic brands are produced, the quality of which should be verified. To achieve this verification and guarantee the quality, glyburide/Metformin combination brand, GA, was tested for similarity with the originator; Glucovance and testing its uniformity in content. The physical properties were found to be within the specified limits. The API contents in both product s were within the pharmacopoeial limits. On studying the dissolution profile the similarity factor f2 is 75 for the glyburide component and 80 for metformin component while the difference factor f1 is 11 for glyburide component and 7 for the metformin components, indicating close similarity. The uniformity of content was within the USP limits. It had been concluded that Sudan pharmaceutical industry is promising and can produce acceptable quality to satisfy the population needs.
413 A REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL PROTEASE , Manam Walait*, Huda Rehman, and Hamid Mukhtar and Javed Iqbal Wattoo Proteases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins and are one of the most widely used industrial enzymes. Though they are ubiquitously found in a wide diversity of sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms but microbial sources are preferred for the production of proteases due to technical and economic advantages. Microbial proteases have potential for application in different industries including detergent, leather, silver recovery, dairy, baking, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. These hydrolytic enzymes are efficiently involved in food industry for enhancing nutritional value, digestibility, palatability, flavor and reducing allergenic compounds as well as in management of domestic and industrial wastes. Furthermore, they are also involved in synthesis and structural elucidation and characterization of proteins. The present communication is an overview of the proteases produced from bacterial and fungal sources and their role in various industrial applications.
414 A REVIEW OF JAYAPALA (CROTON TIGLIUM LINN.) – AN ORGANIC IRRITANT POISON , Dr. Vibha Sen*, Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Singh and Dr. Shamsher Singh The word upavisha means to nearer to visha i.e.drugs which possess the same qualities of visha, but not that much potent. Jayapala (Corton tiglium) is commonly known as jamalgota. It is described in upavisha and a well known plant in Indian system of medicine as certain number of formulation include this drug as an ingredient after proper purification. It produces severe symptoms of toxicity when taken internally or applied externally to the skin. Also it is one of the known purgative drug in Ayurveda with huge therapeutic values. This review article includes overall information about the plant jayapala, its botanical description, toxicological aspect, treatment medicolegal aspects in both Ayurveda and modern toxicology and its shodhana (purification) processes.
415 ESTABLISHING REFERENCE INTERVAL (RI): AN INTRODUCTION , R. V. Mahato*, M. Lamsal and A. M. Dutta Reliable and accurate reference intervals (RIs) for laboratory analyses are an integral part of the process of correct interpretation of clinical laboratory test results. RIs given in laboratory reports have key role for a clinician in interpreting test results in reference to values for healthy populations. In Nepal reference interval used in laboratories have been established in the western population. It is not appropriate to use RIs derived for other population due to difference in genetic load, lifestyle and diet. This review highlights the approach for establishing reference interval in local population using the IFCC guidelines.
416 A SCIENTIFIC AYURVEDIC EXPLORATION OF NIDRA IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: A REVIEW , Dr. Pooja Dubey*, Dr. (Smt.) Kalpana D. Sathe and Dr. Archana Singh Nidra (sleep) is one of the main pillars of good health in Ayurveda. More than half of the life is invariably spent in the Nidra. Sleep can be influenced by age, lifestyle, daily routines, diet, and environment. Longevity and old age are accompanied with a variety of health challenges and population studies indicate that the elderly will use between three to five times more health care services compared to the younger population. Sleep related problems are one of them causes disturbed life style. Sleep disturbances increases with aging and it is estimated that nearly 67% of the elderly people have at least one sleep related complaints. In modern sciences sleep wake circadian rhythms are regulated by a pacemaker in brain and controlled by some external factors including light, temperature and social interactions. In addition pattern of sleep have many variations in different subjects in terms of age, physiologic and psychological characteristics. Ayurveda has been recognized as one of the worldâ€Ÿs most authoritative mind, body, spirit, medicinal systems. In all Ayurvedic Samhitas, Ahara (food), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (sexual regime) are given prime importance under the name of “Tryopstambha” the sub pillars of life. Nidra (sleep) in a proper manner is considered as a basic human need and it is important for good health. Here in this paper a literary review on Nidra and its importance is attempted to present with Ayurvedic perspective to understand the various sleep conditions and sleep related problems of elderly population.
417 INSECT POLLINATORS AND THEIR CHALLENGES: A REVIEW , Adugna Gindaba and M. Sadre Alam Fakhri* Mutualisms between plants and their floral visitors sustain not only plant diversity, but also the diversity of an estimated 350, 000 animal species, mainly various insects, birds and mammals. Wild bees represent the most important group of pollinator insects because they play a key role in agriculture, pollinating almost all crop varieties. However, they are increasingly at risk of local and even global extinction. Climate change and habitat loss are affecting all major aspects of the biology of insects that pollinate plants in both natural and agricultural communities. Understanding network structure and its underlying causes are essential parts of any study of biodiversity and its responses to disturbances, yet it is a conceptual and methodological challenge to address these problems in highly diversified communities with thousands of interactions. Plant–pollinator communities are typically composed of a high number of plant species and an even greater number of pollinator species.
418 ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC FUNCTION , Dr. Sandhya M., Dr. Ashwini A Mahadule*, Dr. Annu Kumari, Dr. Rajesh Kathrotia, Dr. Arun Goel, Dr. Prashant M Patil and Dr. Sunita Mittal Autonomic nervous system integrates and regulates the function of visceral organs to provide logistic support for survival enabling the body to cope up with exercise, stress, and other physical and mental activities. Autonomic failure results in mild-to-severe degree of life-threatening situation depending on the degree of dysfunction. Autonomic failure is encountered in many clinical conditions as primary disorder or secondary disorders such as diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, amyloidosis etc. In these conditions clinical assessment may not be sufficient to quantify the degree of autonomic failure. Clinical symptoms of autonomic failure may appear late in the course of disease. In these conditions, early detection, and quantification of degree of loss of autonomic function can be made by a series of autonomic function tests. In some cases, such as myocardial infarction, quantification of autonomic impairment holds a promise to be of predictive value for the survival. Thus clinically, the value of autonomic functions testing is being increasingly recognized in the evaluation and management of several disorders where the autonomic function is compromised.[1]
419 A REVIEW ON: COVID -19 PANDEMIC DISEASE , Savitha Mol G. M.*, Silvia Navis A. and Prasobh G. R. One of the new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread as pandemic 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),a member of the coronavirus family. The virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. There have been so many people reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and with a high rate of mortality in world wide. For preventing this COVID-19 pandemic and most of the countries implementing social distancing owing to the lack of alternatives, there has been a push to develop a vaccine to eliminate the need for social distancing. But the future course of this virus disease and spreading is unknown. This article only gives a bird’s eye view about this new virus and disease. Since knowledge about this virus is rapidly evolving, readers are urged to update themselves regularly.
420 CONCEALED FACETS OF HONEY BEE STING , *Dr. Amrit Malik, Dr. Sudhir Malik, Dr. Meenakshi Chaudhary, Dr. Sapna Kaushish and Dr. Chinky Goyal Honey bees are one of the most familiar insects in the world. Incidences of Honey bee stings are very common and symptoms may include minor to major reactions. Apiculturists are easily victimized by bee stings. Wasps, bees and hornets secrete a poisonous fluid which in toxic amounts is hemolytic and neurotropic. Apitoxin or honey bee venom, is a bitter colorless liquid, the active portion of which is a complex mixture of proteins that causes local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant. Though it doesn’t seem alarming but for prevention and treatment of these bee stings, detailed information should be readily available to understand such incidences. Keeping this thing in view, complete description of honey bee sting, including its structure and composition as well as honey bee venom covering its lethal dose, physical characteristics, uses, composition, method of collection, different forms, toxicological effects of various components, signs and symptoms of bee sting along with its management. Ayurvedic perspective of Makshika and symptoms of their bites has also been sorted out from various classical texts.
421 A REVIEW LITERATURE ON GANDUSHA: IN MUKHAROGAS , *Dr. A. B. Deshmukh and Dr. Shital R. Meshram The Mukha i.e. oral cavity works as a reflector of the body health by acting as a gateway of the alimentary canal & in that way it is considered to be one of the most important parts of the Urdhwajatru. Oral cavity is constantly exposed to external environmental toxins which causes bacterial invasion in the oral cavity and leads to increase risk of oral diseases. Hence, to prevent bacterial invasion, Gandusha is very important to maintain a good oral hygiene. Ayurveda recommend Gandusha as a specialized therapy for good oral hygiene. Gandusha act by exerting the cleaning action and by increasing the defense mechanism in the oral cavity. Gandusha is used for both prevention and treatment of oral diseases. The present review article highlights how the Gandusha therapy will act as a basic tool for good oral hygiene.
422 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON HEALTH CARE PRACTICES IN RURAL AREAS OF CHAMOLI DISTRICT IN UTTARAKHAND , *Dr Ashok Kumar Sahani More than 80% of the human population in developing countries still depends on traditional medicines; mostly plant derived drugs, to meet their primary health care needs. Over 50,000 plant species are used for medicinal purposes worldwide out of which almost 13% are angiosperms. Two-third of the estimated medicinal species in use is still harvested from the wild, out of which 4,000- 10,000 species may now be endangered. Sixty five percent of the human population depends on traditional medicine where over 8000 plant species have been recorded as being used in traditional and modern medicines. The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), recognized for its rich biodiversity, supports about 18,440 plant species (i.e. 8,000 angiosperms, 44 gymnosperms, 600 pteridophytes, 1,737 bryophytes, 1,159 lichens and 6,900 fungi, of which over 1,748 species (Angiosperms 96.3%, Pteridophytes 3.0% and Gymnosperms 0.6%) are known for their medicinal value. The Garhwal Himalayan region has been regarded as veritable emporium largely medicinal plants. About 90% of wild plant species collected from sub-alpine and alpine regions of the Himalaya is used in various herbal industries. Uttarakhand contributes 50% of the total plants used by the medicine industry as per the British Pharmacopoea. WHO caters to 80%, 46% and 33%, demands for medicine in Ayurvedic, Unani and Allopathic systems, respectively and contributes a major share in the economic earnings of rural communities1. Among the Indian Himalayan states, the highest i.e. 964 species of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been recorded in the state of Uttarakhand.
423 EXPOSITION OF VIRUDDHA AHARA – A REVIEW ARTICLE , Vd. Prachi Anil Purohit*, Dr. Prashant A. Khade and Dr. Mrudula V. Joshi 21st century is an era of competition. Competition in all ways results into many Psycho- physiological disorders. In this era of Lifestyle Disorders, in order to improve the quality of life one should know about his diet suitable for his body constitution. Pathye Sati Gadaartasya Kimaushadhinishevane \| Pathyeasati Gadaartasya Kimaushadhinishevane \|\|[1] (Vaidyajeevan) Ahara plays an important role in maintaining health and to cure diseases thatâ€Ÿs why it is called as „â€ŸMahabhaishajyaâ€Ÿâ€Ÿ. Viruddha Ahara is an unique and important concept described in Ayurveda.[2] Viruddhahara (Unwholesome food) means substances which when consumed causes provocations of doshas but do not expel them out of the body and disturbs the balance among the Dosha and Dhatus.[3,4,5] Due to the speedy life there is an gigantic exposure to Viruddha Ahara which leads to Viruddha Ahara Janita Vyadhi. The present article deals with the review of Viruddha Ahara, its Samprapti and Viruddha Ahara Janita Vyadhis and its management.
424 ISOLATION OF DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS FROM HOSPITAL SITES , Shivani Deshmukh, Shazia Mansoor, Asha Agarwal, Rupa Guha Nandi and N. Ganesh* Microorganisms are present abundantly on earth’s atmosphere as particle or bacteria, fungi, lichen and algal cell. The concentration and composition of these particles are generally related to man’s activities and atmosphere. Atmospheric pollution is one of the most common problems of our era. This pollution has now reached an advance level that possesses threat to the health and wellbeing of the people. The increase pollution is becoming threat to human population. The presence of micro-organisms in environment may be beneficial and sometimes can be harmful, especially hospital microflora may cause harm to human beings and may leads to number of diseases and in immunocompromised patients leading to nosocomial infections. In the present study nine different common bacterial species and 2 fungal species were isolated from Department of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Centre.
425 BIOREMEDIATION OF NICKEL CONTAMINATED SOIL USING BACTERIA , Abhishek Kumar Pandey* and Abhilasha Shrivastava Bioremediation is the use of living organisms (primarily microorganisms) for removal of a pollutant from the biosphere. It relies on biological processes to minimize an unwanted environment impact of the pollutants. The microorganisms in particular have the abilities to degrade, detoxify and even accumulate the harmful organic as well as inorganic compounds. Soil samples were collected from J P Cement Plant, Rewa from different places at a depth of 6 -10 Inches from 4 - 6 different spots. These soil samples were mixed properly and enriched for Nickel resistant clones by incubating 10g of slag in 90 ml of sterile water amended with 10 ml Luria Bertani (LB) medium and 20 μg/ml each of nickel sulphate at 37°C for 2h. Supernatants were plated at 10-2 dilution by spread-plate method on LB agar medium. The plates were then incubated at 37°C. The colonies appeared after 3 days. Strains were preserved and phenotypic studies were carried out. The metal accumulation efficiency was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The soil samples collected are all alkaline in nature, the isolated bacteria are gram positive, rod shaped, aerobic, salt tolerant, endospore forming bacteria and according to this research sample with bacterial inoculation in them shown reduction in the Nickel levels as compared to the raw soil samples.
426 PREPARATION AND PROCESS VALIDATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET , Neha Sharma, Dr. Sourabh Jain* and Dr. Karunakar Shukla The validation is a fundamental segment that supports to a commitment of company towards quality assurance. It also assures that product meets its predetermined quality specification and quality characteristics. Validation of individual step of manufacturing is called as process validation. It is concerns with the process validation of tablet dosage form which has a numerous advantages over other dosage forms. The purpose of research was to study prospective process validation metformin HCl 500mg tablet dosage formulation. The critical process parameter was identified with the help of process capability and evaluated by challenging its lower & upper release specification. Three initial process validation batches (X, Y & Z) of same size, method, equipment & validation criteria were taken. The critical parameter involved in sifting, dry mixing, preparation of granulating agent, wet mixing, wet milling, drying, sizing, lubrication & compression stages were identified and evaluated as per validation master plan. The outcome indicated that this process validation data provides high degree of assurance that manufacturing process produces product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes.
427 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DAIDZEIN IN SOY DRY EXTRACTS , Dr. Sachin Bhusari*, Akshay Lokhande and Pravin Wakte A novel, simple, precise, accurate, and cost effective UV- visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of daidzein in soy dry extracts according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Spiked daidzein solution was scanned over the UV-visible range for its wavelength of maximum absorbance. Various calibration standards of daidzein ranging from 0.5 to 8μg/ml were prepared. The calibration curve of concentration vs. absorbance was plotted. Various analytical method validation parameters viz. linearity, range, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and robustness, etc. were calculated. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of daidzein was found to be 248 nm. The correlation coefficient at the calibration range of 0.5-8 μg/ml was found to be 0.999. The validation of the developed UV method was carried out by conducting linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation studies. The developed UV method was found to be precise for the intra-day and inter-day study and shows percent relative standard deviation in the range of 0.54 to 1.52 & 0.67 to 1.69 respectively. The total percent recovery of daidzein was found to be 99.57 to 100.38 %. A simple, precise, and cost-effective UV- visible spectrometry method for the estimation of daidzein in a standardized dry extract of Soybean was developed. The said method was developed using a solvent containing an economical percentage of organic phase in aqueous media. Said validated UV- visible method can be efficiently used for the estimation of daidzein in soy dry extracts.
428 ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII BARK EXTRACT , *Rama Chandra Rout, Prof. (Dr.) Prasanna Kumar Panda and Dr. Gurudutta Pattanaik In this research work albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups I.e. G-1,Gr-2, Gr-3 and Gr-4.Gr-1 and Gr-2 were served as vehicle control groups(Demineralised water) and Triton control (Triton WR-1339,200mg/kg IP).Gr-3 and Gr-4 were served with Atorvastatin(7.2 mg/kg) test sample 400 mg/kg/day as single dose for two days respectively. In the second study albino rats were divided into five groups, out of five groups 1st and 2nd groups were normal and diabetic control group respectively.Gr-3,Gr4,Gr-5 which are called as diabetic group were treated orally with Murraya Koengii bark extract (200mg/kg b.w,400 mg/kg b.w.,800 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Sixth group was treated with Gliclazide(25mg/kg b.w). In the OGTT, it is found that the extract OD, extract BD and glyclazide treated group glucose level decreases non significantly at 60 mins and 120 minutes. It indicates that Murraya Koengii bark extract showed supportive action and also with STZ and NA induced rats significantly blood, glucose and also able to lowers the lipid by the same extract.
429 EFFECT OF FRACTIONATED BITTERMELON (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) SEED EXTRACT ON GLYCEMIC STATUS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS , Zamiruddin Ansari*, Zeba Parween and Shree Ram Padmadeo Bittermelon (Momordica charantia) or bittergourd commonly known as “Karella” (family: Cucurbitaceae) has been proved for hypoglycemic effects. The objective of the present studies was to examine the long term effect of fractionated bittermelon (Momordica charantia) seed extract on glycemic status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. To evaluate the glycemic control of bittermelon, blood glucose level, urine volume, urine sugar, water intake, diet intake, gain in body weight, kidney weight, glomerular filtration rate and important parameter of kidney functions and serum electrolytes were monitored in experimental animals. Water consumption, urine volume and urine sugar were significantly higher in diabetic controls compared to normal rats. Renal hypertrophy, nephrotoxicity, increased glomerular filtration rate and electrolytic imbalance is observed in diabetic rats. Fraction designated as MCK3 were administered to experimental rats intraperitoneally at a dose of 15mg/kg b. wt. for 20 days while the control group received equivalent volume of saline under ideal condition (n=6 in each case), Biochemical parameters related to glycemic control were estimated in MCK3 treated alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MCK3 treatment resulted in reduction of blood glucose level, water intake, diet intake, gain in body weight, reduction in urine volume, and urine sugar level, decrease in kidney weight and glomerular filtration rate, reduction in serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes level at 3 h after treatment. These results clearly provided experimental evidence of nephroprotective and normoelectrolytic effect of fraction MCK3 from bittermelon seed extract which is comparable to insulin treatment. The active hypoglycemic principle(s) present in bittermelon seeds improved glycamic status and is able to alleviate kidney damage and electrolytic imbalance caused by alloxan-induced diabetes.
430 ARDHAVABHEDAK (MIGRAINE) AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA-A CASE STUDY , *Dr. Kiran Ardhavabhedak is one of the Shiroroga which can be corelated with migrain. Ardhavbhedak occurs due to vitiation of Tridosha. Migrain is one of the most common disease which affects large no. of world population and involves paraoysmal unilateral headache which is characterized by by recurrent attacks of headache widely variable in intensity, frequency and duration There are various therapies proposed by ancient science for management of this disease & Nasya is one of them. The present paper summarized clinical efficacy of role of Anu Taila Nasya and Pathyadi kwatha as samshaman dravya in the management of Ardhavbhedak.
431 VARá¹†YA MECHANISM OF TWACHA (SKIN) IN AYURVEDA & CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE- A CRITICAL REVIEW , Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta*, Dr. Trupti Gupta and Dr. Satej T. Banne The existing conception of wellness comprises beauty, health, fitness as well as anti-aging aspects.[1] Beauty, especially fairness of skin, is a subject of socio-medical importance and has given escalation to numerous skin-lightening procedures such as dermabrasion, ultrasound, and laser therapy.[2,3,4,5,6,7] Unhealthy skin gives rise to social issues whereas healthy-intact skin escalations cheerfulness and assurance. Traditional herbal medicines deliver an interesting source for development of new skin-care cosmetics. Indian Cosmetic market is mounting at 15-20% annually, twice as fast as two leading countries i.e. US and EU market.[8] The unique, effective, and long lasting concept of beauty in Ayurveda has steered to the emergence of Ayur-cosmaceuticals. The concept of vará¹‡a, chÄyÄ, prabhÄ dealt in Ayurveda are innate beings of beauty. The word vará¹‡a in Sanskrit means “outward appearance, exterior form, figure, shape, colour”, “colour of the face”, “good colour or complexion, lustre, beauty.[9] Vará¹‡a is not just colour but it embraces all the parameters of healthy and radiant skin.[10] ChÄyÄ is the entity which circumscribes vará¹‡a and prabhÄ is the highlighter of complexion.[11] Thus whatever carries softness and beauty to skin along with augmentation of complexion, glow or luminescence is termed as vará¹‡ya. Skin diseases usually revenue a longer time to be specifically diagnosed and cured. The Paanchbhautikarachnaof the Twachaprovides scope of considering the predominance of Doshaand Anubandhastatus of Doshain sighted the Chikitsasiddhanta. The conception of Varna and Twacha which is inherent due to Prakritiof the individual should be analysed while allocating with disorders of the skin. The physiological concept of skin, the role of Dosha, Dhatu, mala in Twachacontrollers us towards diet and regimen to be followed for healthy skin. After all healthy skin is the mirror of healthy body.
432 A REVIEW TO UNDERSTAND THE AYURVEDIC APPROACH OF THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC , Dr. Archana Singh* and Dr. Ashutosh Dwivedi COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the world and turned into the worldâ€Ÿs most crucial health problem. As the disease posing massive health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population, the whole world is paying their best efforts to combat this global problem. In the sequence of efforts to combat this newly emerging, unpredictable disease of respiratory system, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of the disease according to different fraternity. Here in this article, an effort has been made to understand the etiopathological aspect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with the perspective of Ayurveda & contemporary medical science to facilitate the management of the pandemic by proper interventions of preventive measures and drug administration.
433 CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF RUKSHA AAHAR & ITS IMPACT ON ANNAVAHA SROTASA , Dr. Sukhad Chaudhari*, Dr. Nilesh M. Ingle and Dr. Mansi Nakod Ayurveda is having holistic approach towards life and includes eight „Angas’, called as „Ashtang Ayurved’. Kayachikitsa is the first and most important branch of Ashtang Ayurved that deals with general medicine, where Kaya has two meanings. One of those is AGNI, which is considered as the digestive and metabolic capacity of the body. Ayurveda emphasizes that all the diseases are the results of weak State of Agni – “Rogaha Sarvepi Mandagno”. Acharya Charak in Charak Viman Sthan Adhyay five –Srotasam Vimanam, stated various reasons of Agni Vaigunya and Annavaha Srotas Dushti as Aatimatrasya, Akale, Ahitasya Bhojanat and Pavakasya Vaigunya. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of Hetu ‘Aahita Aahar,[1]’, specifically Ruksha Aahar over Annavaha Srotas and Agni, with special reference to disorders of Annavaha Srotas.
434 HUMANITY PROTECTION THROUGH NEUTRALIZATION OF METALLIC RADIOISOTOPES, THE PART OF FALL OUT OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS IN PEACE AND WAR WITH CHELATORS , Dr. S. S. Sawhney*, Dr. Kamal Sawhney and Dr. Meenakshi Chadha Introduction: The anthropogenic nuclear activities and the stockpiling of fissile materials like U-235 and PU-239 have brought the world on the brink of Third World War, dooming the humanity to the point of its doomsday. The global political intransigence had let to no breakthrough on disarmament agreement. Scientist see only a silver lining in science doing on the alternative for the humanity protection against the somatic and genetic effects of metallic radioisotopes sourced from the fallout of the nuclear explosion. The study in reference on the concept of de- radioactivity- antonym of radioactivity- the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus of metallic radioisotopes to a proton and an electron subject to the free state of metallic radioisotopes-appears to be the best option to neutralize the metallic radioisotopes. Methods and Materials: Four virgin soil samples collected at the Tara Hills near Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun-248001(Uttarakhand) India defined with GPS coordinates were tested with TM-91/TM-92. The virgin soil samples emitted radiations in the range of 0.34-0.37 uSv/h whereas the treated soil samples with the aqueous solution EDTA or DTPA displayed 30% reduction in the emission of radiation. Results: The de-radioactivation of metallic radioisotopes has been realized and achieved by intra-trapping, fixing, embedding by caging in the metallic radioisotopes into the geometrics of EDTA and DTPA chelators, and stabilizing them strongly by bonding them with the primary and secondary valences and bonds forming 5 or 6 membered rings- the signs of strong stability of radioisotopes- chelators chelates. ERPs thereon EDTA or DTPA geometrics provide excess electrons to the nucleus of unstable metallic radioisotopes which probably would stop the forward decay, stripping them of their free state- the basic condition of their decay in the forward direction. The chelators have been found as the non chelators of stable and non metallic radioisotopes like oxygen, hydrogen, helium, carbon, krypton, xenon, fluorine, sulfur and chlorine etc. The whole study has been based upon and built up on the data on stable Co – 59 and Sr -89 isotopes. Conclusion: The EDTA and DTPA chelators, defined with the positional alignment of in their intrageometrics forming 5 or 6 membered rings – the signs of strong chelation, with the metallic radioisotopes, are the excellent option to de-radioactivate to prevent and pre-empt somatic and genetic effects upon humanity, and neutralize in the event of nuclear explosion on earth in peace and war and protect humanity and animal kingdom in the event of Third World Nuclear War, the possibility of which cannot be ruled out in future due to the fluid and volatile political situation in the world.
435 SUPPLEMENTATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES FLOUR IN DIET ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER , Bidura I. G. N. G.* The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding differents level of Moringa oleifera leaves flour (MLF) in diet carcass characteristcis of broiler. A total of 240 day-old-chick broiler with an average initial body weight were randomly allotted into four diet treatments. The diet treatments included: diet with 0% MLF as control (A); diet with 2% MLF (B); diet with 4% MLF (C); and diet with 6% MLF (D), respectively. Result showed that the diet with MLF treatment had improved final body weight, slaughtered weight, carcass weight, and breast meat weight compared with control treatments (p<.05). The meat content in the breast weight of the carcass of the B, C, and D groups were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than control (Table 2). The average of abdominal-fat percentage in the B, C, and D groups was significantly different (P<0.05) decreasing compared to the abdominal-fat percentage in the Group control. In conclusion, supplementation of 2-6% MLF in diets can improve carcass quantity, but decreasing abdominal fat in broiler.
436 KRIYAKALPA: THE UNIQUE MANAGEMENT OF EYE DISORDERS USING AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES. , Dr. Avvinish Narine*, Dr. Gopesh Mangal, Dr. Gunjan Garg and Dr. Dinesh Sharma In Ayurveda, the aim of the science is mentioned as “Swasthasya Swasthyarakshanam Aturasya Vikarprashaman” which when translated, conveys the meaning of “To maintain the health of a healthy individual and cure the disease in the diseased”. The great Ayurvedic Acharya has mentioned in the Samhita that the eye is ranked as one of the most important organ amongst all: “Sarvendriyanam Nayam Pradhanam”. It is of utmost importance to maintain the health of the eyes and alleviate any disorders in an effective manner. The Acharya have described detailed local therapeutic procedures to administer and cure ophthalmic disorders in simple but effective methods. Acharya Susruta termed them as „Kriyakalpaâ€Ÿ. Kriyakalpa is the treatment that refers to the procedures in which medications/drugs are applied in or around the eyeball as a method of treatment. It is very necessary to keep the eyes healthy, because without sight the world becomes dark for the individual. As such, in this article we will expound briefly the various Kriyakalpa and various formulations mentioned in Ayurveda.
437 EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE MODE OF ACTION OF ACTIVE PROTEINACEOUS HYPOGLYCEMIC PRINCIPLE(S) FROM SEEDS OF BITTERMELON (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES. , Zamiruddin Ansari* and Shree Ram Padmadeo The present study evaluates possible mode of action of active hypoglycemic principle(s) of fractionated bittermelon (Momordica charantia) seed extract in experimental diabetes. Blood glucose levels were evaluated before and after administration of different fractions of the seed extract. Among the three fractions tested, fraction MCK3 at a much lower dose of 15 mg/kg b.wt. showed the maximum hypoglycemic activity and reduced blood glucose levels in alloxan – induced diabetic rats significantly. The activities of the key regulatory enzymes of glucose metabolism (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase), serum insulin, liver and muscle glycogen were determined in MCK3 treated diabetic animals. Loss in hypoglycemic activity of the fraction MCK3 upon proteinase-K treatment indicates the proteinaceous nature of the hypoglycemic principle(s). Overall, the results suggest that the hypoglycemic activity of bittermelon (Momordica charantia) seeds is mediated by pancreatic as well as extra-pancreatic actions. Bittermelon (Momordica charantia) contain active hypoglycemic protein(s) which may find application in treatment of diabetes without evident toxic effects.
438 SELECTION OF PROMISING AND EARLY MATURING SPECIMENS OF POTATO CLONES AND LINES BY PLANTING IN TESTING PLOT AT EARLY PERIOD , Rustam Akhrolovich Nizomov* and Odilkhuja Solikhuja ugli Ismoilov This article reveals the data on the selection of promising and early maturing specimens of 15 clones and lines of potatoes brought from Centre of International Potato growing (CIP) by planting them in testing plot at early period. By yield indications, control Sante variety yielded 20,4 t per ha, while in L-8 and L-10 samples these indications were 6,4 and 8,8% higher relative to Sante, in the remaining specimens the yield indications were reported to be 6-25 % less relative to control variant. In the result of the studies, 2 lines of potato L-8 of L-10 were presented to State Variety Testing commission.
439 EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES AND THE PREPARATION OF TRICHODERMA IN A COMPLEX WITH A CROP ROTATION IN THE POTATO DISEASES CONTROL , Uchkun Khamraevich Rakhimov* The article notes that in the Tashkent region there is a wide prevalence of diseases of late blight and rhizoctonia stem canker of potatoes, as a result of which the growth and development of potatoes, as well as yield, decrease. Treatment of seed potato tubers against these diseases before sowing with Acc-Forte (Tiram 800 g/t) preparations is 80% WP, - 2.5 kg/t and Vitavax 75% WP, at a dose of 2.5 kg/t, the biological effectiveness ranged from 91.0% to 96.0%. Also, data are presented on the biological effectiveness of the application of the introduction of Trichoderma into the soil and the change in crop rotation in the fields of the experimental site of the Tashkent State Agrarian University against fusarium wilt of potato and eggplant. On the basis of the data obtained, crop rotation and the introduction of the antagonist fungus Trichoderma into the soil at the rate of 100-120 kg/ha have a positive effect on the susceptibility of potato plants to fusarium wilt. The smallest susceptibility to fusarium wilt on potatoes and the highest biological effectiveness were observed in the variant where cereals and onions were used as potato previous crops.
440 IN VIVO ANTIVENOMOUS EFFECT OF THE MINERALS MUCUNA PRURIENS AND MILLETTIA PINNATA (FABACEAE) ON ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS , Obou Constantin Okou*, N’guessan Emmanuel Assemian, Marc Hermann Akaffou, Manga Constant Tieu, Allico Joseph Djaman The objective of this study was to establish the scientific basis for the traditional antivenomous use of the minerals Mucuna pruriens and Millettia pinnata (Fabaceae). During this study, some rabbits were previously collected, others were scarified as a preventive or curative measure, and still others were poisoned with the venom of Naja nigricollis and then treated with the minerals from both plants, and then they were collected separately according to the level of handling in order to determine their biochemical and hematological parameters respectively. Finally, the rabbits were observed at all these handling stages. The results of the various observations showed that: - all control or scarified rabbits are generally calm, docile and easy to handle;- all venomed rabbits have in most cases difficulty moving around, are agitated, have difficulty lifting and relaxing the leg on which the injection was made and this 20 to 30 minutes after injecting them with the venom ;- some rabbits died a few hours after the injection of the venom despite their treatment, while others survived a few days later. Thus, these results have shown that the minerals from each plant have antivenomous actions on the venom of Naja nigricollis. However, minerals from Millettia pinnata have shown significant effects both preventively and curatively. Therefore, these minerals may be an obvious resource for the development of phytomedicines against ophidian envenimation.
441 THE DRY MASS AND THE SEED YIELD OF THE HYPERICUM PLANT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.) , Makhsuda Usmankulovna Nizomova*, Zamira Tanirbergenova Pazilbekova and Feruza Madiyarovna Dusmuratova This scientific article reveals the scientific data on the dry mass and the seed yield of Hypericum perforatum L. Agrotechnological measures for cultivation of Hypericum perforatum L. plants in order to get the seed, 1.58 kg/ha of yield harvested when planted from seed, while it showed 1.97 kg/ha when planted from seedling in the experimental field in the first variant, in the second variant the yield was 2.4 kg/ha when planted from seed, while planted from seedlings the yield was 2,59 kg/ha. The grass yield of Hypericum perforatum L. in the fourth variant was the highest 101 in c/ha (in terms of dry mass) in experimental condition in case of seedlings planted in spring, of which 84.35 c/ha in the first harvest and 16.65 c/ha in the second harvest. In the case of autumn seedlings, the yield was 95.9 c/ha, 80 c/ha in the variant sown from seed in the spring, and in the case of seeds sown in autumn the yield was 75 c/ha, more than 70% of the yield obtained in the first harvest and about 30% in the second harvest.
442 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUDANESE DETARIUM SENGALENSE (FABACEAE) OIL , Abdel Karim M.*, Mohamed E., Weam M. A. Khojali and Faiza I. Traditional medicine is still playing an important role in primary health care and numerous pharmacological reports on the impact of secondary metabolites on human physiology even potentiated the applications of medicinal plants. Detarium sengalense is a key species in ethnomedicine. The plant is consumed as food and is involved in pharmaceutical industries. Detarium sengalense is a natural remedy for a wide array of diseases including: malaria, leprosy, bronchitis, diarrahea, dysentery syphilis meningitis and sore throat. In this study, Detarium sengalense oil has been analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis showed 17 components. Major constituents are: i)9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester (29.23%)ii)9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (21.69%).iii) hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (17.85%) and iv) methyl stearate (14.80%). The antmicrobial activity of the oil has been assessed. Daterium senegalensis oil showed significant anticandidal activity and significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The oil also exhibited very good activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
443 ISOLATION OF A FLAVONE FROM LEAVES OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEATA LINN. (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) GROWN IN SUDAN , Alhafez M. Alraih, Abdel Karim M.*, Ayda A. and Abu Baker M. O. This study was set to investigate the flavonoids of Aristolochia bracteata which is a key species in indigenous medicine. Flavonoids encompass a large group of polyphenolic substances with marked physiological potential including: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antifungal, antimutagenic, antiviral and vasodilator effects. Aristolochia bracteata showed many beneficial pharmacological effects. It is used in ethnomedicine as anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic and as purgative. Roots are used by local healers to treat gonorrhea and syphilis. In this study a flavone was isolated from leaves by paper chromatography and its structure was partially elucidated on the basis of its spectral data(UV,1HNMR and MS).
444 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY PROFILE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS MONITORED AT THE DIAGNOSTIC CENTER FOR TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES OF THE CITY OF MEKNES, MOROCCO , EL Ghazi Ibrahim*, Berni Imane, Menouni Aziza, Kestemont Marie-Paule, Amane Mohammed and EL Jaafari Samir Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the epidemiological and evolutionary profile of tuberculosis in the city of Meknes (Morocco). Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of the subjects followed at the Diagnostic Center for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases of the Prefecture of Meknes, over a period of six years (January 2010- December 2015). Results: 4424 cases were collected, for an average annual incidence of 91 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The average annual incidence in urban areas was 103 cases per 100,000 inhabitants compared to 77 in rural settings. Males (56.82%) were more affected than females (43.17%), with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.31. The age group most frequently involved was 21-40 years (43.35%). Among the cases of tuberculosis of all forms, pulmonary tuberculosis predominates with 50.38% including 39.58% bacilloscoipe-positive versus 49.61% of the extrapulmonary form including 0.63% of the primary tuberculosis infection. Nodal and pleural tuberculosis accounted for 74.47% of extrapulmonary localizations. Conclusion: Tuberculosis represents a real health and socioeconomic problem for families and the health care structures that receive them. The incidence, evolution and severity of this infectious disease with inerhuman transmission must encourage us to conduct further research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce the negative repercussions.
445 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HYDATIDOSIS AT THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL CENTER OF THE CITY OF MEKNES (MOROCCO) , *Dr. El Ghazi Ibrahim and Chbouki Nassira Objective: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological profile of hydatidosis at the Regional Hospital Center of Meknes (Morocco). Methods: This is a retrospective eye descriptive study of hydatidose cases treated at the Mohammed V Regional Hospital Center in the city in Meknes, over an eight-year period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. The health data were collected from the registers of the Department of Infrastructure and Provincial Ambulatory Actions (SIAAP) of the Meknes Health delegation. Results: 322 cases of hydatidosis were collected, for an annual average of 54 cases. The average annual incidence recorded in the Meknes Prefecture was 4.07 per 100,000 inhabitants. Women (62.11%) were more affected than men (37.88%), with a sex ratio (F/M) of 1.63. The age group most frequently involved was 20-39 years old (43.78%). The liver was the organ most commonly infected (96.27% of cases), followed by the lungs (2.48%) and the kidneys (1.24%). 52. 79% of cases were from urban areas and 47.22% from rural settings. 98.44% of patients were operated and treated with PAIR and 1.56% of cases received medical treatment. Conclusion: Echinococcosis represents both a health and socio-economic problem for families and the care structures that receive them. The incidence, location, evolution and severity of this parasitosis should encourage us to pursue research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce its negative repercussions.
446 THE IMPACT OF SOIL TYPE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF ELSEMEIH RANGELAND OF NORTH KORDOFAN STATE, SUDAN , Elkheir Mugadam Salih*, Suraj Mohammed Ali, Amani Abdelrahim Kobbail, Abdelwadoud Abdallah Elkhalifa and Sheikhleldeen Bushra Ali This research was conducted at Elsemeih area during the period (2013-2014). The objective was to study the impacts of soil types and rainfall parameters on productivity and carrying capacity of the rangeland in the study area. The vegetation measurements were carried out using quadrate methods. Systematic random samples techniques were used. The number of line transects were identified according to point of diminishing return method. Accordingly, (40) lines transect (20 lines for each season) were made. Each twenty lines were further divided in to ten lines transects for the sandy soil and (10) line transects for the clay ones for both seasons (2013 and 2014). The data were processed and analyzed using statistical package of science soft ware (SPSS). T-test statistical analysis method was used. The results showed that, there were significant differences (PË‚0.0001& P<0.05) in vegetation cover and productivity between sandy and clay soil in the two seasons, respectively. The average percentages of vegetation cover were 50% and 62% for sandy and clay soils, respectively. Whereas the average productivity were 0.5625 tan/ha and 0.615 tan/ha for sandy and clay soils, respectively. These differences were attributed to the environmental factors such as shortage and fluctuations of rainfall of dry seasons and manmade activities such as trees cutting, overgrazing, over cultivation and using plough in the fragile soils. Despite the two soils face the same challenges but the results showed that, the deterioration of productivity and the impacts on carrying capacity were highly in the sandy soils rather than the clay ones.
447 THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN THE RANGE EXTENSION STRATEGIES: CASE STUDY FROM KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN , *Amani Abdelrahim Kobbail, Elkheir Mugadam Salih and Abdelwadoud A. Elkhalifa The aim of this paper was to assess local peoples’ indigenous knowledge systems in three villages on the range lands of East Nile locality, Bahri District of Khartoum State; Sudan; between latitudes (15.8° – 16.45°) North and longitudes (31.36° – 34.25°) East. The data were collected following the case study method within which many other methods and techniques have been used namely: literature study, unstructured interviews, indepth semi-structured interviews with key informants, participant observation and meetings. Thirty respondents were randomly selected for the interview. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS soft ware version 13. The types of indigenous knowledge respondents have based on the interview with them were summarized. The authors look at the implications of the findings for range extension. The study presents ideas on how extension services could be organized to better make use of herders’ indigenous knowledge and capabilities.
448 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BILVADI CHURAN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRAHANI ROG W.S.R. TO IBS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME) , Dr. Twinkle Gupta* IBS is probably the most common gastro-intestinal disorder encountered by primary care Physicians. Due to high prevalence and many times incapacitating symptoms; IBS is the cause of both individual suffering & considerable socio-economic costs. Grahani Rog is an Ayurvedic disease which represents similarities with IBS. Study was done to evaluate the efficacy of Bilvadi Churan containing Bilva, Mochras, Bhang, Shunthi, Dhataki, Dhanya and Sounf, in the management of Grahani Rog. Thirty one patients of either sex with age group of 15-45 years with uncomplicated cases of IBS are selected. The trial drug was administered to the patients in dose of 3gm B.D with Takra. All patients completed the full 40 days treatment except one. The outcome of medicinal preparation on 30 patients by various assessment criteria were gained after statistical analysis of data obtained. Study showed highly significant result in abdominal pain, ati-srishtam, trishna, lohamgandhi udgar, (p<0.001). Arochak (p<0.005) highly significant. Asthiruk (p<0.004) highly significant. Hence Bilvadi Churan is an excellent combination of deepan pachan drugs having appetizer, digestive, carminative, antispasmodic action. It is effective remedy in uncomplicated & new cases of Grahani Rog. Has produced mild, moderate & maximum response without any serious complications and very cost effective treatment in the management of Grahani Rog.
449 AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN COVID - 19 PANDEMIC , *Dr. Reeta Singh and Dr. S. P. Singh In present time maximum countries and territories (213) of the world are facing an disastrous pandemic of novel corona virus disease COVID- 19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS CoV -2) In whole world total cases 27,069,984, total deaths 883,780, active cases 7,015,318, critical cases 60,108, and total recovered cases 19,170,886 as of 6 September 2020. This horrific condition reveals that COVID - 19 pandemic has reached a dreadful stage in nine and half months despite of worldwide efforts. The pandemic is continuing to spread for want of clinically proven prophylaxis and treatment policy. Based on ayurvedic texts, contemporary scientific studies and experimental knowledge by clinical settings, we have tried to formulate an ayurvedic strategy for intervention in our nation. The plan is based on the stage of infection in people. The true fact is no system of medicine has any evidence based treatment for COVID - 19 till now. So an ayurvedic approach for intervention should be admired.
450 REVIEW ON: PERINATAL AND NEONATAL MANAGING HEALTH CONCERNS OF THE MOTHER AND FOETUS IN THE PANDEMIC SITUATION OF COVID-19. , Devanand Dongre*, Om Kharde, Tanmay Dongaonkar, Shubham Doifode, Sudarshan Ugale, Ganesh Pimple, Amol Giri and Prafulla Tathe Since January 2020, the COVID-19 infection has been prevailing in India. Due to immaturity of immune function and the chance of mother-fetal transmission, neonates are particularly prone to COVID-19. The perinatal-neonatal divisions should collaborate closely and take combined approaches, and the neonatal intensive care unit should arrange the emergency plan for COVID-19 infection as far as possible, so as to ensure the optimal management and treatment of possible victims. According to the latest COVID-19 national management Protocol and the actual situation in India.
451 EFFECTIVE AYURVEDA THERAPY TO TREAT THYROID DISORDERS , Dr. Twinkle Gupta and Dr. Madhu Bala* Thyroid disorders are on the rise across the world. While there are therapies available to treat them, many unavoidable side effects occur as part of the therapy. Ayurveda is the ancient system of medicine in India which uses herbal based medicines to treat diseases. In clinical practice this system of medicine is seen to be well tolerated by patients. Therefore, it will be a benefit to the patients with thyroid disorders if treatment based on Ayurveda can be developed as an effective alternate to modern medicine. Materials and Methods: The patients were diagnosed based on symptoms as per ayurvedic guidelines, followed by modern laboratory tests. Therapy was determined according to the nature of the disease manifestation. Results: We observed that virechana with trivruttaleh and internal medicines kasaya, diet,pranayama etc was effective in patients of both the genders and different conditions of thyroid disorders.
452 ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ASSAY OF ANNONA MURICATA LEAF EXTRACT , Soumiya Sankari M. and Dr. Rita Jayaraj* Annona muricata also referred to as Soursop is a, flowering evergreen tree native to Mexico, Cuba, Central America and parts of India. It is a natural cancer killer and found to be 10,000 times stronger than chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to extract phytochemicals from Annona muricata leaves, and to determine the percentage yield of crude Annona muricata leaf extract. Also, an attempt was made to observe the Antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract. The antioxidant properties of the leaf extract was calculated using Anti-oxidant (DPPH) assay.
453 ROLE OF PATHYA IN MADHUMEHA - AN AYURVEDIC REVIEW , Dr. Twinkle Gupta, Dr. Poonam Gupta and Dr. Shivani Chib* Diabetes mellitus is one of the burning health problem of present era resulting in serious long term complications such as heart disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and even death. In Ayurveda, Madhumeha is mentioned one of the main diseases in which quantity and frequency of urination increases. This is a cardinal feature of Diabetes Mellitus too. So, Diabetes mellitus can be equated with Madhumeha. Diabetes mellitus is a perfect example of life style disorders. Sedentary life style and stressful mental conditions are considered as the main cause of life style disorders including DM. Ayurvedic literature contains a treasure of knowledge about causes, risk factors, prevention and treatment of Madhumeha.
454 SIGNIFICANCE OF ORAL CAVITY IN THE ERA OF COVID-19: A REVIEW , Dr. Romi Jain*, Dr. Nikhil V. Bhanushali, Dr. Vaibhav Kumar, Bhumika Ranchhod Patel, Saniya Asif Salema and Pranali Dadasaheb Sargar The recent pandemic of Covid-19 have necessitated the need for early diagnosis and treatment. The spread of this virus through salivary droplets raises a question whether the oral cavity is relevant and if oral manifestations could be an indicator of Covid-19. Various studies taken place have successfully shown oral manifestations and mucosal changes seen in patients suffering from Covid-19. The immunocompromised patients suffering from an underlying systemic illness other than Covid-19 could also show oral lesions as secondary changes. The medications used for treating patients with Covid-19 have also been documented for side effects leading to these manifestations. Poor oral hygiene could also have some effects on the severity of the Covid-19 complications. There is a need to increase the oral examination of patients to conclude if oral manifestations or mucosal changes are a manifestation of Covid-19 and whether they can be of any value in early diagnosis of Covid-19.
455 A RARE CASE OF FIBROUS HAMARTOMA OF INFANCY , *Dr. Dharwadkar Arpana, Vidya Viswanathan, Shruti Vimal and Kulkarni Pramod Subcutaneous soft tissue lesions in infants and children encompass a diverse spectrum of entities including benign and malignant lesions. The rarity and diversity of these lesions presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is an uncommon, benign tumour of subcutis and lower dermis. More than 90% of the lesions occur during the first year and approximately 25% are congenital. The lesion is more common in males and the sites include axillae, chest wall, back, thigh, and the inguinoscrotal region. The clinical and radiologic features of this lesion are non-specific and can mimic those of malignant soft tissue tumours. Diagnosis is made by histologic examination to identify the characteristic triphasic pattern arranged in an organoid fashion. It has an excellent prognosis with 16% local recurrence rate. Hence, we report this case of an 8-month-old male child presenting with a swelling over the lateral side of chest wall for 3 months which was progressively increasing.
456 HERBAL-INDUCED APLASTIC ANAEMIA SECONDARY TO FERULA ASAFOETIDA IN TWO PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS: CASE SERIES. , Faten AlKateb, Ahmed AlEidan*, Awatif AlMutairi, Samiha AlJetaily, Mohammad AlShamrani, Mohammed AlMasoud, Sulaiman AlRddadi, Abdulmalik AlSalem, Nouf AlThonaian, Tahani AlBohairy and Mazen AlGhofaily Aplastic anaemia is a rare and heterogeneous disorder. It is defined as pancytopenia with a hypocellular bone marrow in the absence of an abnormal infiltrate or marrow fibrosis.[1] We, hereby, describe a newly observed genuine relationship between herbal ingestion of Ferula Asafoetida (Heltit) and a resultant depressed marrow in conjunction with deranged liver enzymes observed in 8-year-old and 9-year-old patients respectively.
457 A CLINICAL STUDY OF MATRA BASTI & KATI BASTI IN THE MANEGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI W.S.R. TO SCIATICA , *Dr. Shailej Gupta Gridhrasi (Sciatica) is Vataj Nanaatmaj vyadhi. Gridhrasi, also presents with a clear picture of shifting pain in lower limbs radiating from sphik, kati, prishtha and affecting uru, janu, jangha and pada in order. 'sakthiutkshepanigraha' is mentioned as a cardinal sign by Sushrut and Vagbhat. But certain other symptoms such as stambha, toda, sphurana, ruk etc. are also found in some other disease. Diseases like urustambha, khalli kalaykhanja, vatakantaka can make confusion with Gridhrasi. Inspity of the spine's excellent form and function, back pain is a national, personal and clinical problem: national because it is experienced by most of the population at some time and is a drain on the nation's resources, personal because it can remain a major unresolved dilemma. Group A (Matra Basti) & GroupB (Kati Basti) with Dashmool Oil was decided to manage the Gridhrasi. The Result was excellent in both Group. Haematological values were also improved.
458 CLINICAL EFFECT OF VIRECHANA AND BADARA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA) , *Dr. Shailej Gupta and Dr. Twinkle Gupta To evaluate comparative effi cacy of Samshodhana and Samshamana Chikitsa, the current study is planned in 24 patients of Tamaka Shwasa. Thirteen patients (Group A) were treated with Samshodhana, particularly with Virechana Karma. The patients of this group received Abhyantara Snehana with Tila Taila followed by Bahya Snehana with Tila Taila and Saindhava Lavana. After observations of proper signs of Snehana; Virechana Karma was performed with Aragvadha Phala Majja. Samsarjana Krama was followed for fi ve days. Subsequently all the patients were given the trial drug (powder of Badara). The patients of group B, were treated only with the powder of dried ripe fruits of Badara. In both groups, the dose of Badara powder was 5 g, twice a day, with luke warm water, for a period of 60 days. In group A, maximum number of patients (61.45 %) showed good response, while in group B, 45.45 % patients showed good response. No side effects were observed during the clinical trial. Based on the observations, it was concluded that, group A is more effective than group B.
459 ALTERNATIVE OXYGENATION STRATEGIES IN COVID PATIENTS , *Dr. Sandhya M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves the lungs leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung involvement leads to reduced oxygenation of the tissues and hypoxia. Mechanical ventilation with positive pressure ventilation fails to improve oxygenation due to the fibrosis and thromboembolism in the lung impeding gas exchange and potentially damaging the lungs continuing the downward spiral of hypoxemia and multi-organ failure.
460 BIOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN BODY IN RESEMBLANCE TO ENGINEERING , *Sandip Sarkar, Arunava Chandra Chandra, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Dhananjoy Saha and Dr. Sampa Dhabal Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. For instance, in every living cell, there is a crucial biological process, called respiration. This process is the conversion of glucose into a useful form of energy, which is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The study of biochemistry uncovers the numerous chemical processes involved in converting glucose into carbon dioxide and water. A sub–discipline of both biology and chemistry, biochemistry can be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed by biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.
461 LITERATURE REVIEW ON ROLE OF RASA DRAVYA TO BOOST IMMUNITY , Dr. Nalini R. Hedaoo*, Dr. Mukund B. Bandale and Dr. Rajendra P. Sharma According to Ayurveda Immunity can be corelate with Bala, Oja and Vyadhi kshamatva. Bala includes physical and mental strength. Oja circulates along with Rasa (and Rakta) and responsible for resistance against disease. Vyadhi kshamatva is an ability to resist the severity of the disease / ability to prevent the onset of the disease. The aim of this study to review concept of immunity and rasayana according to Ayurveda and modern science. And to collect rasa dravya which are effective as an immunity booster. In the present study detail description given about immunity and rasayana according to Ayurveda classics. An effort has been taken to collect the Rasa Dravya which have major role as an immunity booster and explained how they effective. The extract of this study, Parada known as Rasa in the form of Rasaushadhi ex. Vasant kalpa, kupipakva, Pottali, kharaliya etc these are effective as a rasayana, yogavahi and immunity booster. As well as Rasa, Dhatu bhasma, Maharasa, Uparasa and other single dravya also plays an important role to improve immunity.
462 A REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC COSMETICS AND NEUTRACEUTICS , *Vd. Sheetal O. Sureka and Vd. Ashish S. Agrawal Background: The word cosmetics have been derived from the term "COSMETIKOS" which means the skill to decorate. Beauty is the desire of every person to offer pleasure to the sense. Beauty is not only a source of joy, but to some degree it gives trust and pride. Personal beauty offers a perceptual experience of joy or fulfillment. The involvement of mental and spiritual well-being in Ayurveda is never separated from the idea of beauty. The idea of beauty and makeup is in reality, as old as humanity and culture. As a major contributor to the global cosmetic industry, India could emerge. The present review discusses the benefits of Ayurveda in cosmetology, meaning nutraceuticals, nutritious + pharmaceuticals: a foodstuff that offers health benefits (as a fortified food or dietary supplement). The definition of functional food can be defined as "Food items to be taken as part of the normal diet to have beneficial effects that go beyond the basic nutritional feature" Nutraceutics have benefit over the medication because they prevent side effects, have dietary supplements naturally, etc. Herbal nutraceuticals are used as an effective weapon for preserving health and working against acute and chronic diseases caused by diet, encouraging good health, longevity and quality of life. Aims & Objectives: To study ayurvedic cosmetics and neutraceutics. Methodology: Reviewing ayurvedic literature regarding the study of drugs used in cosmetics and neutraceutics. Conclusion: Cosmetics and neutraceutics are one of the major important factors of Ayurveda in global market.
463 CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF UDARAPRASHAMANARTHA GUDUCHYADI KWATHA IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE , Dr. Twinkle Gupta* Acoholic liver disease is a result of overconsuming alcohol that damages the liver, leading to a build up of fats, inflammation and scarring. It can be fatal. The condition is a primary cause of chronic liver disease. The liver is one of the most complex organs in the human body, with over 500 functions. These include filtering out blood toxins, storing energy, making hormones and proteins, and regulating chloesterol and blood sugar. Many patients of Alcoholic Liver disease having the clinical manifestation viz. Ascites, Hepatitis etc. It was decided to work upon ALD with some Ayurvedic medicines. For that total 30 patients of ALD were selected and treated with Guduchyadikwatha (containing guduchi, amalaki and haritaki in equal proportion). The formulation was given in the dose of 20ml twice a day for the duration of one month. In the patients with raised bilirubinlevel, Katuki was added in the formulation in the appropriate quantity. All the necessary parameters along with required investigations were assessed. In the results, weight of the patients was reduced by 12.13%. The parameters like abdominal girth, distance between umblicus and pubis, distance between umblicus and right anterior superior iliac crest, distance between umblicus and left anterior superior iliac crest showed highly significant results. The investigations such as bilirubin,SGPT and SGOT also showed significant reduction in their levels. Hence , it can be said that Guduchyadi kwatha can be a good option for disease like ALD.
464 CLINICAL EVALUTION OF TEJOVATYADI CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SHAWASAROGA W.S.R TO BRONCHIAL ASTHMA , Dr. Twinkle Gupta* There are about 334million patients suffering with bronchial asthma that is affecting almost all age groups of patients across the world. In India around 15-20million people were affected with bronchial asthma. In global scenario the cases of bronchial asthma were increasing tremendously and were estimated to be approximately 4.5 percent. The prevalence of asthma is increasing with time and additional 100 milion people will be expected to develop asthma by the year 2025. The alarming rise in the prevalence of Tamaka Shwasa can be accounted to factors such as Atmospheric pollution, rapid environmental changes, adaptation of newer dietetic preparations and tremendous psychological stress. In the present study we planned to get effective and safe treatment for ‘shwasa Roga ‘with the help of clinical principle of Ayurveda . In the present study, 30patients having shwasa roga were selected from O.P.D and I.P.D of Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research College and Hospital, Jammu. The end results thus obtained were interpreted and graded as complete remission, marked improvement, moderate improvement and mild improvement and presented in details.
465 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ACYCLOVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM , Tanmay Dongaonkar*, Shubham Doifode, Om Kharde, Sudarshan Ugale and Prafulla Tathe A simple, sensitive, accurate, novel, rapid, precise, reproducible and cost effective spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Acyclovir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation and validated according to the ICHQ2 (R1) guideline. The acyclovir drug solution was scanned over UV-visible range for determining the wavelength at which the maximum absorbance is occurs. At wavelength of maximum absorbance of acyclovir various calibration standards of acyclovir were prepared and recorded the absorbance. The calibration curve of concentration vs. absorbance was plotted and linearity and range was calculated. Various analytical method validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and ruggedness were calculated using QC standards. The maximum absorbance (λ max) of acyclovir was found to be 253.2 nm. The drug obeyed beer lamberts’ law in the concentration range of 1-10 μg/ml and the correction coefficient was 0.991 at 253.2 nm. The overall % recovery was taken at three level 80%, 100% and 120% which is found to be 99.69 to 100.89 %, 99.02 to 100.92% and 99.24 to 100.7% respectively, which reflects that the method was free from the interference of the impurities and other excipients used in the formulation. The low value of % RSD was indicative of accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The % RSD for inter-day and intra-day precision was found to be of 0.42 to 1.75 & 0.48 to 1.23 respectively which is < 2% which proved that method is precise. The results of analysis have been validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method can be adopted in routine analysis of acyclovir in bulk dosage as well as form tablet dosage form.
466 IMPACT OF ZNO NANORODS ON RNA AND PROTEIN OF P.INDICA TO ENHANCE ITS GROWTH , Manpreet Kaur Attri, Shivani Shardha, Manika Khanuja, Shubhangi Mhajan and Ajit Varma* P.indica is a symbiotic fungus which belongs to the order Sebacinales in the Basidiomycota. The fungus was initially isolated from the soil of roots of woody shrubs of northwestern part of India.[1] It has multifunctional activities as it interacts with many plant species to induces plant growth and biomass production as it mobilises and transfer all essential micronutrients, minerals like phosphorus, nitrogen from soil to plants.[2] All this makes P. indica a promising candidate for its use as bioâ€fertilizer and soil amendment.
467 ROLE OF VALUKASVEDA AND VAITARANA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS) , Dr. Shailej Gupta* Amavata is one of the common and most crippling joint disorders. It is a chronic, degenerative disease of the connective tissue mainly involving the joints. Ama associated with aggravated Vata plays dominant role in the pathogenesis of Amavata. The clinical features of Amavata such as pain, swelling and stiffness of joints, fever, and general debility are the features that closely mimics the rheumatological disorder called as rheumatoid arthritis. The classical treatment of Amavata is Langhana, Swedana, Deepana, Amapachana, Shodhana, Shamana, Basti Chikitsa etc. Acharya Chakradatta had indicated Vaitarana Basti in Amavata. It is used in Amavata because it brings Doshas from Shakha to Koshtha and removes them out of the body via Gudmarga and give relief. Basti dravyas posses the pharmacodynamic properties such as Laghu –Tikshna Guna, Katu-Tikta Rasa, Ushna Veerya etc. are against the Guru, Pichchhila, Sheeta Guna of Ama. Thus Vaiarana Basti proves an effective treatment in Amavata. In the present clinical trail 30 patients suffering with Amavata were selected and divided into 2 groups with 15 patients each administered with Valukasveda and Vaitarana Basti.
468 ROLE OF NASYA IN ARDITA W.S.R TO FACIAL PALSY , Dr. Shailej Gupta* Ardita is considered as a vatavyadhi according to Bruhatrayi. It is caused by aggravation of vata. Ardita is also explained as Ekayaam by Ashtang Hrudaya. Aacharya Charaka has included Sharirardha in Ardita while Sushruta has considered as the face is only affected in Ardita. In the modern text it is correlated with facial palsy on the basis of signs and symptoms. Charaka attributed the root cause of Ardita to highly vitiated vata doshas whereas Ayurvedic experts like Shodhal classified Ardita on doshic influence of Kapha and pitta rather than vata. Ardita in Ayurveda is due to transferring heavy wt. on head, excessive laughing, loudly talking, sudden fearing, sleeping on uneven bed, eating hard food particles, other vatavardhaka ahara- vihara. Nadi swedna and Nasya is explained in classics like Charaka6 and Sushruta for treatment of Ardita. Sushruta described medication for Ardita in his Sutrasthana giving special emphasis on Nasya.
469 CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF TRIPHALADI VIRECHANA KARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION , Dr. Twinkle Gupta, Dr. Poonam Gupta, Dr. Shivani Chib* Hypertension is one of the major causes of death all over the world. It accounts for 6% of death worldwide. Increased blood pressure is the cause of 50% of heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Long term use of antihypertensive drugs is associated with adverse effect. According to Ayurveda hypertension is Tridoshaja Vata-Pitta Pradhana disorder with Dusthi of Rasa, Rakta, Meda. Ayurveda radical treatment like Panchakarma, corrects the basic pathology by eliminating the chief causative factors. Virechana Karma is best for the elimination of vitiated Pitta Dosha and it regulate movement of Vata Dosha. Thus present study has been conducted on 15 patient to evaluate Effect of Triphaladi Virechana Karma in the management of Essential Hypertension. The result have been analysed statiscally with Triphaladi Virechana karma highly effective in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure level which was statically extremely significant (P<0.001)
470 DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE ANALYTICAL METHOD BY USING QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH , Bandana Kumari* A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique for the determination of Erlotinib Hydrochloride has been optimized using analytical quality by design (QbD) approach. All the compounds are monitored with the photodiode array (PDA) detector at 336 nm. The experiments were conducted by changing the three different factor, that are pH, concentration of methanol and flow rate by using of a 23 factorial design space. The whole technique is developed as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The proposed method is robust, sensitive, rapid and successful and helpful in the regions where regulatory agencies recommend HPLC analytical method.
471 EFFECTS OF SHIRODHARA IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER , *Dr. Shailej Gupta Anxiety is a common clinical presentation. Primary anxiety poses a significant problem in its management. Many among the current treatment options of anxiety are habit forming causing significant withdrawal symptoms. There are dose dependent responses often associated with drug adversities. Day time sedation is an undesired effect of many drugs used for anxiety management limiting its usage. Ayurveda recommends a bio- physical procedure to manage anxiety. Shirodhara, a dripping procedure is utilized as a front line therapy for anxiety in Ayurveda. Seeing the limitations of conventional biomedical management of anxiety requiring an improvement upon the existing protocols of managements, and also seeing the use of shirodhara for anxiety management in ayurvedic clinics, a pragmatic study to evaluate the effect of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder was done. This was a pragmatic study consisting of shirodhara with ksheer bala oil as an intervention upon generalized anxiety disorder patients. The study was conducted upon 15 patients and observations were done for six weeks. The responses observed through the changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale were evaluated using paired t test to observe the pre-post significance.
472 ROLE OF SHIRODHARA WITH ASWAGANDHA OIL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INSOMNIA , *Dr. Shailej Gupta and Dr. Twinkle Gupta Shirodhara is an important therapeutic measure in Ayurvedic system of medicine because of its simple administration and efficacy in variety of life style disorders. Shirodhara is a purifying and rejuvenating therapy designed to eliminate toxins and mental exhaustion as well as relieve stress and any ill effects on the central nervous system. Shirodhara is a unique form of ancient therapy of pouring oil on the forehead from a specific height and for a specific period continuously and rythmatically. Allowing the oil to run through the scalp and into the hair. Now a day’s insomnia is a common problem in society. Insomnia is considered as Anidra in Ayurveda. Almost every person is indulging in VatavardhakAhara-vihara. In Anidra vitiated VataDosha is the main culprit. Oil therapy is best suitable for VataDosha. Aswagandha oil has Vataghna property. So, Shirodhara with Ashawagandha oil was selected for this work. Total 30 patients were randomly selected for this open study. Shirodhara was done for 45 minute on each participant for 14 consecutive days. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the severity of insomnia as well as to determine the response to Shirodhara therapy. Data were collected at baseline, end of the treatment (day 14) and 4 week after the treatment ended (follow-up). Highly significant result was found in the study. Shirodhara with Ashawagnadha oil was beneficial for moderate to severe insomnia. Shirodhara is a effective therapy in the management of insomnia. In this therapy no side effect was noticed such as letharginess which are common in modern treatment.
473 HARIDRA (CURCUMA LONGA) AND ITS EFFECTON ABHISAYANDA (CONJUNCTIVITIS) , Dr. Twinkle Gupta*, Dr. Sukhdev, Dr. Poonam Gupta and Dr. Rajni Rani 50 cases of conjunctivitis studies comparatively with Haridra Eye Drops and with Soframycine Eye Drops, Clinically and bacteriologically observed that Haridra Eye Drops has a definite role on conjunctivitis. Bacteriological study shows the Haridra has a role to act on E. Coli, St. Aureus Klebshella and pseudomonas organismsAyurveda is known for its existence and efficacy from times immemorial. Though, it is an old science, it has eight specialized branches of medicine. SALAKYA is oneamong them deals with the upper parts of neck which includes the brain, eyes, ears,nose, teeth and oral cavity. ThoughNetrarogas of 76 included in the Salakya, but SUSRUTA13 among others like CARAKA5 and VAGHAHATA11 ETC.,ELABORATELY DESCRIBED IN 19 HAPTERS (Susruta Sambita Ut) and inmany places they mentioned that NETRAJNA” Or NETRA CHIKITSK:” (those who are specialiesd and treat the eye diseases) shows that this subject of “NETRA” is a separate entity or speciality.“ABHISAYANDA is a common Netra (Ocular) Roga where eye produces more secretion (ABHIExcessive, SAYANDA =Secretion or Moist) and it is considered as an AUPA SARGIKA 3’10’11’12 (Contagious) by various way and cosmetics etc. with all the above saidstatements and its clinical signs and symptoms can co-relate with the modern ocular disease of the conjunctivitis”. It is a common ocular extra infectious disease in developing countries and in the west. It has been divided into 4 types by Susrutaand others as (i) Vataja (ii) Pithaja (iii) Kaphaja and (iv) Raktaja. Caraka excluded Raktaja and added Sannipata. They mentioned enormous treatment for it.Haridra (Curcuma-Longa or Turmeric) is an easily available, cheap, highly claimed as Krimighna6 drug selected and studied clinically and bacteriologically on scientific way on conjunctivitis in the Department of ophthalmology at Government NizamiaGeneral Hospital, Hyderabad. Haridra is available freely in India and in Haridrais available freely in India and in tropics, and extensive literature is available in modern science about it. Basu quotes that Haridra has an antibacterial activity. Arora et al experimental work on rats has shown that it has an antiinflamatory ffects.Umagupta14 and Mehra et al8 suggested to use it in Non-ulcerative Keratitis. Haridra’s qualities like Tridoshaghna, Vishaghna, Soshaghna, VranahSoshaghna, Vranahara and Kandoohgna 6,9 are considered necessary to act onAbhisyanda.
474 CONSEQUENCE OF MEDHYA RASAYANA AND YOGIC PRACTICES IN IMPROVEMENT OF SHORTâ€‘TERM MEMORY AMONG SCHOOLâ€‘GOING CHILDREN , Dr. Monika Kaith* In this era of fast track competitive lifestyle, excellent memory and brilliant intellect are a dream come true for every individual. A good memory plays a crucial role in a person’s life to garner outstanding academic accomplishments, successful careers and power acts as a catalyst in all walks of life, be it academic success or maintenance of personal relationships. It is observed that an average man uses only 10% of his natural memory. Remaining 90% is left unused in a haphazard manner. As per the American psychologist Carl Emil Seashore, if one is alert and makes systematic attempts to awaken and use the natural memory properly, his/her natural memory would be activated creatively and would offer benefits of higher order. A comparative study was conducted comprising 90 subjects to know the efficacy of Medhya Rasayana and Yogic practices in short term memory of school going children. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months. It was an open, prospective, and randomized clinical study. The subjects of group A formed the control group and they were observed silently for 3 months without any intervention. The subjects in group B were administered with Choorna (powder) of four Medhya Rasayanas, Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), Guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. and Thoms.], and Sankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy), at a dose of 2 g twice daily with milk. Subjects belonging to group C were advocated regular Yogic practices of Asanas, Pranayama, and Dhyana. Further study revealed that among the three groups, group B treated with Medhya Rasayana showed highly significant and most effective changes with respect to objective parameters in the tests, i.e. (1) short term memory test pictures and (2) serial recall effects test using memory scope. Among the three groups, group C treated with Yogic practices showed highly significant and most effective changes with respect to subjective and objective parameters in mini mental status scale i.e. test 3. The treatment is cost effective and devoid of side effects, which can be beneficial for the community. Mean increase after first follow up in group B was higher as compared to group C. This shows that Medhya Rasayanas are quick in action and bring about improvement in memory faster when compared with Yogic practices. So, on the whole, group B can be considered to be the most efficient among the three groups.
475 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ANIDRA W.S.R TO INSOMINA THROUGH DASHMOOLA SIDDHA KSHEER SHIRODHARA , *Dr. Twinkle Gupta, Dr. Samiksha Sharma and Dr. Monika kaith In today's era various psychological problems are added to our lives due to hectic life style and insomnia being one of them.Insomnia leads to delayed sleep or early awakening any time during sleeping hours.The present study showed that dashmoola siddha ksheeradhara is effective in anidra and its associated symptoms with least side effects leading to positivity in lives of people.
476 DETERMINATION OF RETENTION FACTOR IN PIGMENTS OF PETAL , Manwar N. and Maruti S. Darade* The investigation was carried out on separation of pigments from petals of flower of different plants. The five flowering plants such as Ixora, Portulaca, Hibiscus, Clitoria and Lilium were selected for pigment separation.The paper chromatography technique was used for separation of pigments.The separation of coloured pigments was observed and its values were recorded on the basis of distance traveled by specific pigment along with solvent The distance of pigments traveled was measured in centimeters .The variation in retention factor was recorded in all the five plants The distance traveled by stationery phase and mobile phase on chromatography paper was used to determine retention factor ( Rf) of pigments, in all the flower of selected plants .The Rf of was noted in Ixora (0.58) , Portulaca (0.53) , Hibiscus (0.72),Clitoria (0.69) and Lilium (0.79) The minimum Rf ( 0.53) was noted in petals of Portulaca flower and maximum Rf (0.79) in petals of Lilium flower.
477 CLINICAL STUDY TO ACCESS THE EFFICACY OF HARIDRA AND CHITRAK IN MANAGEMENT OF MEDOROGA (OBESITY) , *Dr. Poonam Gupta, Dr. Ashish Mahajan and Dr. Samiksha Sharma Among various metabolic disorders obesity is quite common these days, due to imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Faulty lifestyle associated with other endocrine disorders lead to it. This is a grave condition leading to various complications in later stages, so there is an immense need to explore new effective medications. This clinical study was conducted on chitrak (Plumbago zeylenica) and haridra(Curcuma longa). Due to the lekhana properties as mentioned in ch.su.4, Dalhan su.su.40/50, Bhavparkash Pu.kh.6/224, they were found effective against various cardinal and associated symptoms of medhovriddhi.
478 REVITALIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES BY RED GRAPE SEED EXTRACT (RGSE) DUE TO D-GALACTOSE INDUCED CHANGES ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) IN MALE ALBINO RATS , V. Uday Kiran, S. Allabakash, Dr. K. Peera and *Prof. K. Yellamma Neurodegenerative and terminal disease was first discovered by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Generally, it is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age. In this study, the protective role of grape seed extract against D-Galactose dose-induced neural toxicity has been evaluated. The present study was carried out on the male albino rat, Age matched rats were be divided into 4 groups of six in each group and treated as follows: Group-I.Control (C) rats received 0.9% saline. Group-II. Rats treated with intraperitonealy (IP) administered with D-Gal (120 mg/kg body weight) up to end of the experiment (1st day to 90th day).Group-III. Rats treated orally administered with Red grape seed (GSE) ethanol extract (100mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Group-IV. Rats were treated with intraperitonealy injected with D-Gal (120 mg/kg body weight) once daily for first 30 days. From 31stday onwards rats were administered with Red grape seed ethanol extract (100mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed on 60thday of experimentation by cervical dislocation. Isolated the Brain tissue and measured the activity levels of Superoxidedismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO). In the present study Data showed that AD induced rats treated with D-Gal showed maximum SOD levels in the brain tissue. Mean while SOD activity were significantly elevated in AD induced rats with RGSE (AD+RGSE). CAT activity were found in AD induced rat brain and considerable inhibitions was noticed, in AD induce rats treated with D-Gal. Catalase levels were significantly decreased in GSE. LPO levels were decreased in the AD induced rats treated with D-Gal, LPO levels were significantly increased in GSE alone treated and AD induced rats treated with RGSE. This study provides a new approach for the dealing of AD or, may at least improve the quality of life of patients with AD.
479 FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF SINGHORI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, RAISEN DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA , Dr. Vipin Soni* The present paper is aimed to study the floristic diversity of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary of Raisen district situated in Vindhyan Ranges of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 570 species (119 trees, 57 shrubs, 339 herbs, 55 climbers) belonging to 382 genera and 120 families were recorded. Among these, families, Papilionaceae (55 species), Poaceae (47 species), Asteraceae (26 species), Acanthaceae (26 species), Euphorbiaceae (23 species) were most dominant families. Of these, Ficus and Ipomoea are largest genera, represented by 9 species, followed by Euphorbia (7) and Indigofera (7). 300 plant species have been recorded and categorized with their uses and 30 medicinal plants were documented for the cure of different diseases by the ethnic people of the study area. The present study is probably first of its kind where the description of plants has been supplemented by photographs, illustrations and herbarium of the species reported from the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary. Besides, the time consuming process of correct identification of plant species can be minimized, if such flora is easily available at the nearest reference point. Therefore, such kind of flora is the need of time, today and in future.
480 A CASE STUDY MUKHADUSHIKA (ACNE VULGARIS) IN VIEW OF PANCHAKARMA MANAGEMENT , *Dr. Twinkle Gupta and Dr. Neha Pagyal In modern era, Mukhdushika or Yuvanpidika is burning issue in almost 80% adolescent. Prevalence rate of this disease increases day by day due to excessive stress, hormonal imbalance, salty food, junk food, lifestyle also continue and long-term use of oil base cosmetics.[1] In Ayurveda, Mukhdushika means Shalmali kantak (thorn) like eruption on face including symptoms like Vedana (pain), Kandu (itching), Strava (discharge), Ghanata (dense), Vaivarnya (discolouration) due to vitiated Kapha, Vata, Rakta Dhatu.[2] In Ayurveda, Mukhdushika described under Kshudra Roga (minor or less severe diseases).[3] It is symptomatically as well as pathologically resembles like Acne vulgaris. As vitiation of Kapha Dosha is correlated with excessive secretion of sebum, vitiation of Vata Dosha is resemble with hyper-keratinization and vitiating Rakta Dhatu correlated with inflammatory mediator of blood. Acne vulgaris is formed due to occlusion of pilosebaceous orifice by keratinous plug. There are variety of medicine for acne vulgaris in modern science including various adverse effect such as irritation, photosensitivity, nausea, dry skin, hair loss, teratogenicity, vertebral hyperostosis, etc.[4] In Ayurveda, Mukhdushika is mainly treated under Shodhan Chikitsa (purification of body) and Shamana Chikitsa (conservative treatment).[5] Present case study is considering all symptoms as well as pathology of disease treated by Jalaukavacharana (bloodletting therapy) i.e Shodhana Chikitsa with oral administration of Gandhak Rasayana, Arogyavardhini Vati and Haritaki Churna i.e. Shamana Chikitsa. Along with external application of Lodhra, Manjishtha, Chandana, Sariva on face. There is symptomatic relief in Mukhdushika patient.
481 CLINICAL EFFICACY OF BALADI MANDURAM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMLAPITTA , Dr. Poonam Gupta and Dr. Madhu Bala* Amlapitta is a commonly encountered disease of Annavaha Srotasa (gastrointestinal system) described in various classical Ayurvedic texts. The cardinal features of Amlapitta are Avipaka (indigestion), Hritkantha Daha (heart and throat burn) and Tikta-Amlodgara (sour and bitter belching). This disease can be correlated with gastroesophageal reflux disease based on the clinical features. Baladi Manduram is one of the unique formulations mentioned in Rasa Kamadhenu indicated for the management of Amlapitta. Aims:- This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Baladi Manduram in the management of Amlapitta. Materials and Methods: A non-randomized, single clinical trial was conducted in thirty three patients having classical symptoms of Amlapitta, administered with 500 mg of Baladi Manduram twice a day after meals for 30 days. The assessment was done based on subjective parameters, i.e., Amlodgara (sour belching), Daha (heart burn), Gaurava (heaviness), Utklesha (nausea), Avipaka (indigestion) and Kshudha Alpata (loss of appetite). Results: Statistically highly significant relief (P < 0.001) was noted in Amlodgara, Hritkantha Daha, Utklesha and Agnimandya and statistically highly significant relief (P < 0.01) was seen in Gaurava and Avipaka. Conclusion: Baladi Manduram can be considered as an effective formulation in the management of Amlapitta.
482 A REVIEW ON STHOULYA (MEDO ROGA) (OBESITY) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATHYA-APATHYA IN STHOULYA (MEDOROGA) , *Dr. Anil Jaswani, Dr. Harprasad Ahirwar and Dr. Rajveer Gupta According to maharshi charak has eight “nindit purush” related to human body.it has 1.aati dirgh 2.aati hasw 3.ati loma ,4.aa loma,5.aati krishn ,6.aati gour.7.aati sthul,8.aati krish. In this nindit purush “aati sthul” meance very obese person or sthoulya (medoroga) is very important disease. In this disease mostly occure medovah strotas dushti and resulting increase “medo dhatu” .then occure sthoulya roga. A/c to maharshi charak medovaha strotas has two mulas…. 1.vrikka 2.vapavahan A/c to maharishi sushrut medovah strotas has two mulas…. 1.kati 2.vrikka.
483 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CORDIA MACLEODII HOOK , Sandeep Pandey*, Sushma Kushwaha, Susma Singh, Subha Chaurasia, Khusboo Mishra Cordia macleodii Hook. an important medicinal plant of family Boraginaceae categorized as endangered taxa has immense economical and ethno medicinal uses. Several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, phytosterols has been isolated from tree bark, stem, leaves, flower, crude and solvent extracts. In general the plant is anti-microbial, hepato-protective, antioxidant, anti-venom, wound-healer, antihypertensive in nature with great significance in pharmaceutical industries. This systematic review focuses on screening main chemical constituents of all the valuable parts and their pharmacological activities so as to be successfully employed in pharma industries for preparing new drug formulations.
484 CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM: A REVOLUTION IN GENOME EDITING , Huda R. Mir, Manam Walait, Samia Afzal and Otto W. Witte A major revolution in the field of biological research and translational applications has started with the advent of recent advances in genome engineering. The unique prokaryotic defence mechanism CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated) system and its variants have proved to be a major technological breakthrough enabling diverse manipulation of genome functions. It has come forward as a more efficient and faster tool for effective sequence specific DNA targeting and genetic modification than the previous genome-editing methods. The current review highlights the development of various CRISPR engineering tools and their applications in functional genomics, cell biology research, crop development, creation of animal models and human therapeutic approach. With their innovative applications from basic biology to biotechnology, these tools are paving way towards future horizons. Offering ground breaking technologies, many CRISPR systems hidden in the genomes of different organisms and species around us may open doors in the future with their potential functions and mechanisms.
485 MYROBALAN: A REVIEW ON ITS ETHNOMEDICINAL IMPORTANCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POSITIVE HEALTH & NATURAL REMEDIES OF VIRAL DISEASES , Mousumi Banerjee* Taking rasayana or positive health therapy is helpful to increase the immunity of the person to keep him away from disease, can cure disease and prevents the re-occurrence. These are Immunostimulants, rejuvenators and nutritional supplements having strong antioxidant activity; they act on the immune system and positively affect the response of the body towards infection. Positive health keeps us away from diseases. This article aims to highlight on the ethno pharmacological, pharmacological and immunomodulatory activities of T. chebulaincluding its effects on restoring positive health and treatment of viral diseases.
486 REGENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM IN ANIMALS , Dr. Anil M. Khole* As the cellular physiology is the outcome of enzymatic activity, so the enzymes must have developed before the cells. The first “cell like” structures with division power were known as eobionts or Pre-cell. It was noted that eobionts originated about 3800-4200 million years ago. The Protista (cells with distinct nucleus) gave rise to Eukaryotes that evolved into Protozoa, Metazoa and Metaphyta. The theories on natural selection mention that continued selection of more eobionts accompanied with the perfection of the membrane system probably led to the formation of the first cell. The first living cells were anaerobic and chemoheterotrophic evolved about 4200 million years ago. At cellular level, development in plants and animals shows quite similar. They share a common eukaryotic cell ancestor. The new scientific study suggests similarities may also extend to the earliest stages of plant and animal life, the formation of the embryo (embryogenesis). Growth or development means, the increase in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism. Whereas regeneration in plants and animals is the ability to recover from damage. As compared to animals, plants have evolved powerful regeneration abilities to recover from damage. In this review paper I have discussed regeneration and development mechanisms among animals.
487 MODERN PARAMETERS IN AYURVEDIC RESEARCH , Dr. Sudhirkumar Pani* and Dr. Nilam Deore pH meter corrects pH will be measured regardless of sample temperature. It is applicable to all kinds of solutions including those containing strong oxidizing and reducing agents. It is used for all biological fluids. B. Animal House Experimentation Animal research plays an integral role in scientific study relevant not only to furthering our basic understanding and knowledge, but also to informing clinical practice and public health policy. It is for this reason that psychologists need to become informed about the threats to research conducted with non-human animals. Both old and new discoveries from animal research continue to play key roles in advancing our understanding of Prakruti of the patients. C. Importance of Blood Investigations in Ayurvedic Research CBC - Complete Blood Count A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including Raktaja vikar.
488 REGENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM IN ANIMALS , Dr. Anil M. Khole* As the cellular physiology is the outcome of enzymatic activity, so the enzymes must have developed before the cells. The first “cell like” structures with division power were known as eobionts or Pre-cell. It was noted that eobionts originated about 3800-4200 million years ago. The Protista (cells with distinct nucleus) gave rise to Eukaryotes that evolved into Protozoa, Metazoa and Metaphyta. The theories on natural selection mention that continued selection of more eobionts accompanied with the perfection of the membrane system probably led to the formation of the first cell. The first living cells were anaerobic and chemoheterotrophic evolved about 4200 million years ago. At cellular level, development in plants and animals shows quite similar. They share a common eukaryotic cell ancestor. The new scientific study suggests similarities may also extend to the earliest stages of plant and animal life, the formation of the embryo (embryogenesis). Growth or development means, the increase in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism. Whereas regeneration in plants and animals is the ability to recover from damage. As compared to animals, plants have evolved powerful regeneration abilities to recover from damage. In this review paper I have discussed regeneration and development mechanisms among animals.
489 MOLECULAR DOCKING, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION FOR NEW 2-ARYL THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS Β-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS , Ahmed A. J. Mahmood, Faris T. Abachi* and Mohammed A. Al-Iraqi β -lactam antibiotics have become the standard treatment for bacterial infections. Production of β-lactamases as the major cause of bacterial resistance inactivates the β-lactams. There is an urgent need to design and develop anti β -lactamases (clavulanic acid-like) products. TEM-1 is a prevalent plasmid-encoded β-lactamase bacterium that efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of penicillin and early cephalosporin. Depending on the docking study with TEM-1 β-lactamase, we synthesize 8 compounds of 2-Aryl thiazolidine- 4-carboxylic acid derivatives (from condensing aromatic aldehydes with L- cysteine). The synthesized compounds were characterized using physical and spectroscopic methods. The biological activity of the 8 new compounds was tested in vitro and their MIC was evaluated against 4 strains of β-lactamase G(+)ve and G(-)ve pathogenic bacteria, then the anti β-lactamases activities were tested and compared with that of clavulanic acid as a co-inhibitory with amoxicillin. The results of the biological activity revealed that 3 of them showed anti β-lactamase effect comparable to that of clavulanic acid. Our results revolve that the β-lactamase active pocket has hydrophobic space which prefers hydrophobic substituents, as products with these group show the highest affinity.
490 EVALUATION OF ADULT PER RECTUM BLEEDING USING VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS , Khamis Yass Al-Qubaeissy, Qahtan Abed Hanash and Ismail Salih Hamam Al-Esawi The aim of this study was to find out various proportion of diseases responsible for bleeding per rectum in adults and to find out diagnostic utility of anoproctoscopy, rigid sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy for patients with bleeding per rectum. It also aimed to find out the usefulness of other investigations like upper GI scopy, computed tomography etc., in undiagnosed cases. In this study, a total of (100) patients who presented with per rectum bleeding at Al-Ramadi teaching hospital/Iraq were included during the period from June 2018 to December 2019. All cases were subjected to anoproctoscopy and rigid sigmoidoscopy. Colonoscopy was done in cases with severe or recurrent bleeding which were undiagnosed by sigmoidoscopy. The results at the end of evaluation showed that the cause of bleeding was identified in 72 (72.0%) of the cases, while 28 cases (28.0%) remained undiagnosed. It can be concluded from the current study that large bowel endoscopy increases the diagnostic yield in patients with per rectum bleeding. Rigid sigmoidoscopy is a safe OPD based procedure, recommended in all patients presenting with bleeding per rectum and if the cause for bleeding per rectum cannot be diagnosed by rigid sigmoidoscopy, then colonoscopy is indicated.
491 STUDY OF INCREASED RISK FOR HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN TERM INFANTS DUE TO MATERNAL VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY , *Hussein Hamdan Mukhlif and Tahsin Abdulateef Hasan The presence of hyperbilirubinemia frequently requires medical attention and hospital readmission. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency on increased risk for hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns. This cross-sectional study was conducted on all pregnant women with gestational age of 38-42 weeks who were referred to Hadith general hospital, Al-Anbar province/Iraq from March to August 2019. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured to 200 included pregnant women during birth time. The level of bilirubin was measured to their newborns at 3rd to 5th days of life. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was low in 180 (90.0%) pregnant women. Hyperbilirubinemia was detected in 27(13.5%) newborns at the 3rd to 5th days of life. Maternal vitamin D during pregnancy showed a significant correlation with the levels of bilirubin in newborns (r= - 0.395, P<0.001). It can be concluded from this study that maternal vitamin D deficiency could be associated with the increased risk for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
492 INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID ELECTROLYTES LEVEL IN LEAVES OF TYPHA LATIFOLIA (TYPHACEAE) , Mohammed Idris*, Rabilu Ibrahim and Ahmad Alin Baffa This research was designed to devise the economic importance of Typha latifolia‘s leaf to chemical industries in order to overcome its proliferation in Hadeijia-Komadugu river by determining the qualitative phytochemicals present in the extracts, and evaluating the level of extracellular and intracellular fluid electrolytes in Typha latifolia leaves. This plant is use traditionally to treat cuts, wounds, burns and abnormal menstrual bleeding. The sample was collected from river Garbi, Nguru LGA, Yobe State, Nigeria, air dried and subjected to analysis. Total of 200g coarsely powdered leaves were soxhlet extracted using two solvents of different polarities; Petroleum ether and methanol. The extracts yields 3.7%w/w, 8.9%w/w, and 97.3%w/w for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract and marc respectively, upon subjection to phytochemical screening, the results indicates presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Cardiac Glycosides, Terpenoids, Tannins, Phenols and Steroids in all the extracts while Saponins was only present in methanol extract but quinones, sterols and carbohydrates are absent in all the extracts. The electrolytes concentrations showed Potassium 765.33 ± 0.99μg/g and Phosphate 198.60 ± 0.79μg/g, while Sulphate, Chloride, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium and Lead had 12.36 ± 0.89 μg/g, 0.37 ± 0.06 μg/g, 11.62 ± 0.39 μg/g, 98.84 ±0.55 μg/g, 35.88 ± 0.52 μg/g and 0.36 ± 0.03 μg/g respectively. Presence of cationic and anionic electrolyte in the leaves of Typha latifolia made it a very good source for intracellular and extracellular fluid electrolytes hence it’s important in controlling their movement and that of phytochemical for its pharmacological properties.
493 STUDY OF EMPIRICAL THERAPY WITH COMBINED CIPROFLOXACIN EFFICACY VERSUS TOPICAL DROPS ALONE IN TUBOTYMPANIC CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA , *Abdul Wahhab Mohsin Ahmed One of the prevailing otologic infections is chronic suppurative otitis media, especially the tubotympanic type for which various treatment protocols are followed. Usually, oral and topical antibiotics (mainly quinolones) are given alone or in combination. There is a lack of consensus as to whether topical drops alone are effective or a combined oral and systemic therapy should be prescribed. In our study, we have attempted to observe the efficacy of empirical therapy with combined ciprofloxacin versus topical drops only in patients with tubotympanic chronic suppurative otitis media for control of infection. In this study, a total of (150) patients visiting the outpatient ENT department at our Haditha general hospital/Iraq with clinically diagnosed chronic suppurative otitis media (tubotympanic type) were enrolled in our study. A detailed proforma was filled for all patients. All patients after aural toilet were subjected randomly to one of the 2 treatment methods, ie, topical ciprofloxacin ear drops plus an oral placebo or combined oral and topical ciprofloxacin, and the patients were reviewed after 1 week of treatment. It was observed that 71 of 75 (94.7%) patients responded to treatment in the group receiving topical ciprofloxacin, whereas 71 of 75 (98.7%) patients responded in the group receiving combined therapy. This difference was not significant. Moreover, age, sex and duration of discharge did not have any effect on treatment. There were minimal side effects in both groups, which were also not significant and disappeared after discontinuation of treatment. It can be concluded from this study that topical ciprofloxacin drops were as effective as combined oral and topical ciprofloxacin and that the addition of oral drug did not have any beneficial effect and added only to the cost of treatment.
494 ISOLATION, PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DIHYDROCHALCONE FROM SUDANESE SOLANUM DUBIUM LEAF (GUBBAIN) AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT , Athar M. H., Affaf M., Ragga S. M. and Abdel Karim M.* Plants contain many bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids that produce beneficial physiological and biochemical actions in the human body. The presence of such molecules in Solanum dubuim was evidenced by a phytochemical screening of Solanum dubuim leaves which revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and saponins. In this study a flavonoid -compound(I)- was isolated from the methanol extract of Solanum dubuim leaves by thin layer chromatography and its structure was partly characterized on the basis of its spectral data (UV,NMR). The methanol extract of Solanum dubuim was evaluated for antioxidant activity. In the DPPH assay, the methanol extract exhibited significant free radical scavenging capacity.
495 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUDANESE GREWIA VILLOSA (TILIACEAE) OIL , Prof. Abdel Karim M.*, Mazin I., M. Alla and Magid T. Grewia villosa is a shrub which is distributed in Africa and India usually in arid areas. This shrub is often growing on river banks liable to flooding or on shade of larger trees. In Sudan the fruits are marketed as a fermented drink. In its native range leaves are considered as a good livestock fodder. Grewia villosa root is antidiarrhoeal. It is also used against cough. A mixture of root and bark is used traditionally against syphilis, In this study, Grewia villosa oil has been analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis showed 21 components. Major constituents are: i)9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester( 48.65%) ii)- hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester(18.33%). iii)9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (16.15%). iv)- methyl stearate (9.45%) The antmicrobial activity of the oil has been assessed. The studied oil showed significant activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, it failed to exhibit activity against other test organisms.
496 PROTOCOL FOR A MULTICENTRE, LONGITUDINAL, SINGLE ARM STUDY EVALUATING AN ALGORITHM FOR DEPRESCRIBING STATINS AND PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS , Anne G. R. Visser*, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Rob Janknegt, Mathieu A. L. M. Prevoo and Bjorn Winkens Introduction: A range of adverse events, including drug interactions, unplanned hospitalisation and increased all-cause mortality, may occur in frail old people due to polypharmacy. Deprescribing using an evidence-based patient-centred implicit deprescribing algorithm might reduce unnecessary polypharmacy. However, the effectiveness of such an implicit deprescribing algorithm to reduce potentially inappropriate medication has not been proven so far. This article describes the protocol of a study, aiming to determine the effect and feasibility of an implicit deprescribing algorithm to cease potentially inappropriate medication (statins and PPIs) for nursing home residents. Method: The study is a multicentre, longitudinal, single arm study. The aim is to include 125 nursing home residents using a statin and/or Proton pump inhibitor. People in a hospice, geriatric rehabilitation or short-stay unit will be excluded. All participants will receive the deprescribing intervention from their nursing home physician. The primary outcome will be the percentage of patients whose medication has been successfully deprescribed three months (T1) after the intervention. Secondary outcomes include sustainable deprescribing six months (T2) after the intervention, and all possible adverse events after deprescribing. Another secondary outcome measure is related to the feasibility of performing the intervention for physicians and involves the answer on the question “Is deprescribing”. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained from the Zuyderland Human Research Ethics Committee. This study will enable an improved understanding of the feasibitity of deprescribing statins and PPIs in nursing home residents by using an implicit deprescribing algorithm. Trial registration number: NCT04204590
497 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN HEALTH CENTERS OF THE PREFECTURE OF MEKNES, MOROCCO , EL GHAZI* Ibrahim, BERNI Imane, MENOUNI, Aziza, KESTEMONT Marie-Paule, AMANE Mohammed and EL JAAFARI Samir Objective: The aim of this research is to study the epidemiological profile of consultations for respiratory diseases in the health centers of the Meknes prefecture. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive research studying the incidence of respiratory pathologies in the health centers of the Meknes prefecture over a period of 5 years (2010-2014). Results: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was more pronounced in males (82.26%), while respiratory pathologies (all types), acute respiratory diseases and asthma attacks were more frequent in females with rates respectively noted (53.55%, 53.71% and 53.31%). Respiratory affections were more prevalent during the fall/winter period. Urban residents were more subject to respiratory diseases than rural residents. Conclusion: Respiratory pathologies represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health structures in the Meknes prefecture.
498 ISOLATED TESTICULAR RELAPSE IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA , *Dr. Md. Golam Hafiz, Professor Dr. Chowdhury Yakub Jamal and Professor Dr. Md. Anwarul Karim Testes have been considered as a sanctuary site for leukemic cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Isolated testicular relapses results in poor outcomes in boys as compared to girls. Testes are one of the most common extramedullary sites of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With chemotherapy and or radiotherapy isolated testicular relapses are completely cured. The study was aimed to observe the incidence and outcome of isolated testicular relapse in leukemic child. Nine diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia between 4-11 years were enrolled. Most of the child presented with anemia, bone pain and organomegaly. The children who developed testicular swelling had undergone testicular biopsy. All enrolled children had received chemotherapy (MRC 841 protocols) along with testicular irradiation and maintenance therapy. They underwent complete remission during induction and local field irradiation. One child had developed hepatitis with typhlitis and succumbed subsequently during maintenance therapy. Three children had bone marrow relapse during maintenance phase and expired at sixteen months of therapy. The remaining five children had completed maintenance therapy within the stipulated time of 24 months. One child had developed bone marrow relapse following six months of chemotherapy. The rest four children had second remission following completion of maintenance therapy with disease-free survival of 48 to 120 months. Evaluating endocrine and sexual function of the survived children who normally progressed to puberty. Testosterone replacement therapy was given in one child who developed normally. Ten years' event-free survival of the survived children with aggressive therapy was 43.5% without any significant adverse effects. So, chemotherapy and or radiotherapy in schedule dose and duration in an isolated testicular relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia has good outcome.
499 ANIMAL MODEL ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF A. INDICA STEM BARK , Ihimire Inegbenose Godwin*, Odia Amraibure and Onobun Desmond Odiamehi This study investigated the biochemical implication of administration of aqueous extracts of Azadirchta indica stem bark in animal model. Eighteen (18) Albino rats of first filial generation were used randomly divided into six groups of three rats each based on their body weight. Group A served as the control while group B which served as the safe dose group received 547.23mg/kg body weight in 1mL of extract. In the same manner, group C, D, E and F respectively received 1mL of extract that were 10% below safe dose, 10% above safe dose, 20% above safe dose and 30% above safe dose respectively. Administration was for fourteen (14) days. On the fifteenth (15th) day, all animals were humanely sacrificed and appropriate tissues for analysis were used to assess Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) or reductase (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) among others. Mean values of triplicate analysis were subjected to single analysis of variance and Turkey krammer multiple comparison post hoc test using GraphPad Prism version 7. Results were considered significant at 95% confidence. Group A recorded comparable G-6-PDH activity as group B, 167.21±1.98. Group B recorded the highest GPx activity. GGT observed in group B, 2.32±0.67U/L was significantly (P< 0.05) lower than observed in group A, 6.18±1.39U/L. Administration of the extract resulted in increased LDH activity. Evidence from the study suggest5 beneficial effect of usage of adequate dosage of the extract.
500 STUDY OF CYTOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY A FOOD COLORING DYE (TARTRAZINE) , *Dakah Abdulkarim, Alsayed Laith and Dweik Ali The Allium test is very good indicator for analyzing genetic damage by chemicals, Tartrazine (yellow 5) was chosen for this study to assay its genotoxic affect on A. cepa root tip cells. Various concentrations of dye (w/v) were prepared in distilled water and the highest concentration was 2 mg/100ml, The onion roots were soaked in various concentrations of dye for 48 hour. After that the cut root tips were fixed in 1:3 aceto-alcohols (Carnoy’s fixative) and stored in 70% alcohol for microscopically studies. Staining was done in 2% aceto-carmine in 45% glacial acetic acid (v/v). According to the microscopic analysis only concentration 2 mg/100 ml showed abnormal division and decrease in mitotic index, where mitotic index in dye treated cells was 5,83% and showed significant decreasing in value compare with control (13,23%). Also several types of abnormal mitotic cells (AMC) were observed like c-mitosis, multipolar and Binucleus. And according to this study tartrazine are potential genotoxic agents in the environment.
501 ECOPHYSIOLOGY BASED ON ITS ROLE (STUDY OF ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THREE SPECIES OF WEED UNDER SHADE) , Fiqi Alfisar Lubis, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Murni Sari Rahayu and Nurhayati The nature of tree ecophysiology is "autecology", which is "studying the ecology of a tree species or the influence of environmental factors on the life and growth of one or more tree species" and / or its role is to analyze and explain growth involving physiological processes that are influenced by environmental factors. The objectives of ecophysiological research cover a range from the tissue level to the individual species. Plant Ecophysiology is the science of the physiological response of plants to the environment. Physiology is the science that describes the physiological mechanisms that underlie ecological observations. Stress is a biotic and abiotic environmental factor that can reduce the rate of physiological processes. Plants compensate for the deleterious effects of stresses through various mechanisms operating over different time scales, depending on the nature of the stress and the physiological processes affected. Research on growth is partly the effect of acclimation by individuals and genetic differences between populations. Ten types of plants studied, each of which has a distinctive leaf anatomical structure. Some types have structures that are not shared by other types, including the sclerenchyma sheath, secretory channels and cells and oxalate crystals.
502 EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) , Syaiful Bahri Hasibuan, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Murni Sari Rahayu and Nurhayati Responses of eight varieties of Oryza sativa L. ('NERICA 1', 'NERICA 5', 'NERICA 12', 'NERICA 19', 'IR 29', 'IR 20', 'IWA 11', and 'POKKALI', tolerant checks salt) against four levels of salinity (0, 5, 10, and 15 ds m-1) were studied at germination and early growth stages. Germination was not recorded at 20 ds m-1 salt concentration in all cultivars. Salinity decreases FGP, SG, GE% and causes a decrease in shoot and root length and variety dry weight and the amount of reduction increases with increasing salinity stress. The rice varieties 'NERICA 12', 'IR 20', 'IWA 11' and 'NERICA 19' showed greater salt tolerance during germination (germinating at a salinity of 10 ds m-1). However, 'NERICA 1', 'IR 29', and 'IR 20' performed better based on reduced dry matter yield. The results suggest that 'NERICA 1', 'IR 29', and 'IR 20' might be used for further studies on the effects of salinity on the growth process and the physiological consequences in the later stages of growth. The physiological response of rice plants to salinity at various stages of development is essential for identifying salinity tolerance in cultivars.
503 ENTANGLEMENT OF COVID-19 IN OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY SYSTEM AND ITS PROGNOSIS , Kasturi Krishna Rande, *Pooja Narendra Bagul and Ashok Jetaram Choudhary Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world. Early fever, cough (dryness) and fatigue were considered common and most important symptoms of coronavirus-2 infection. However, as the pandemic spread, olfactory and taste dysfunction emerged as a new symptom of COVID-19. This review describes the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory and gustatory area, and the mechanisms affected by COVID-19 that cause olfactory and taste loss i.e. anosmia and ageusia, respectively. The current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms infers ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (encoded serine protease) expression patterns. Co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 indicates that olfactory epithelium-supported cells may be the first target for SARS-CoV-2. Direct attack of SARS-CoV-2 on the tongue results in altered stem cell characteristics due to local inflammatory processes, ultimately altering taste. ACE2 is widespread in oral mucosal epithelial cells and, when destroyed, causes ageusia in the early stages of COVID-19. The early prognosis of COVID-19 through olfactory and taste dysfunction can be concluded.
504 MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH CERTAIN AYURVEDA MEDICINES , Dr. Ashish Mahajan* and Dr. Twinkle Gupta Urinary tract infection is the most common infection managed in general medical practice and accounts for 1-3% of consultations. Women are especially prone to UTIs. One woman in five develops UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) at least once during her life time. UTIs in men are not so common, but they can be very serious when they do occur. The symptoms of Urinary tract infection are similar to Mutrakriccha as described in Ayurveda. A male patient aged 24 years came with complaint of burning micturition, painfull micturition, weakness and mild vertigo. He was unable to get proper sleep. Patient was treated by certain Ayurveda drugs Chandraprabhavati, Gokshuradi Guggulu, Gokshura (Tribulus terresteris) Churna, Shatavari (Asparagus recemosus), Syrup Neeri, Syrup Shita Sudha and Pathya Aahar (dietetic regimen). Patient had marked relief in pain and burning sensation. On follow up after 15 days patient had sustained improvement in symptoms. Patient was very happy and satisfied with the management. There was significant improvement in the case of Mutrakriccha. Mutrakriccha (urinary tract infection) though is difficult to manage, but Ayurvedainternal medicines can be good option for better management.
505 PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND REMEDIAL PROPERTIES OF CARUM CARVI SEEDS , Brijender Bhushan* Carum carvi is a biennial plant, belonging to family Apiaceae. It is a native to Europe and at present grown in several parts of the world. This plant is a source of caraway seeds. This plant and its products are of great medicinal value. Some of the important components from this plant include carvacrol, p-cymene, linalool, etc. These compounds are used in variety of consumer products as play vital role in cure of diseases such as gastrointestinal problems, eye problems, lack of appetite, etc.
506 MEDICINAL USES OF FICUS RELIGIOSA: A REVIEW , Gaurav Hastir*, Ajeet Pal Singh and Amar Pal Singh Numerous plants and herbs hold their renowned situation in the field of medication one of the oldest valuable among which Ficus religiosa having a place with the family Moraceae is the essential one. It is a large perennial tree found all over India and revered by Hindus, which protected the Buddha as he divined the "Truths." F. religiosa is used traditionally in the ailments of different disorders also demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities.
507 A REVIEW ON GRANTHI W.S.R TO CYSTIC SWELLINGS , Dr. Suchitra N. Adiga*, Dr. Shankar S. and Dr. Shailaja S. V. In Ayurveda Granthi is nothing but pathological condition of vitiated Doshas in Mamsa, Rakta, Meda and other structures which results into a knot like elevated abnormal growth.[1] Granthi means a cyst or a cystic swelling. A cyst is a sac or cavity that contains fluid or semisolid matter and surrounded by a wall often lined by epithelial or endothelial cells. The main line of treatment of cyst is surgical excison along with the sac in contemporary science, which is also highlighted in Ayurveda by Acharya Charaka.[2] Granthi as explained by Acharya Sushruta is of 5 types and by Acharya Vagbhata is of 9 types. A cyst can be congenital eg- Dermoid cyst or acquired eg- Sebaceous cyst. It can also be of True which is lined by epithelium/endothelium and False which is formed from anatomical space i.e., endothelium varieties.[3] The cyst is usually painless, only when it gets infected it becomes painful.[4] The treatment of cyst is always surgical i.e., excision along with the sac. Only when it gets infected one should go for conservative management. Both Ayurveda and Contemporary science highlight the Importance of excision of cyst along with sac. There are high chances of reoccurrance when the sac is not completely removed. In Ayurveda there is reference of Granthi attaining Paka after which Bhedana is done and treated like a Vrana.
508 CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VIDANGADI YOGA (AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL MEDICINE) IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS , Dr. Twinkle Gupta and Dr. Vibuti Sharma* Background and objectives: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly rising throughout the globe at an alarming rate, where India leads with largest number of diabetics and became “diabetes capital of the world.” Incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to genetic predisposition, high body fat, and insulin resistance. Though multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin are available, these are associated with side effects, primary and secondary failure. Hence, evaluation of antidiabetic potential of medicines described in traditional health sciences such as Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) is also important. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Vidangadi Yoga (ayurvedic polyherbal medicine) in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Total 31 patients were taken for this clinical research. They are divided into two groups, group A and B, given Vidangadi Yoga 4 g & 2 g TDS respectively for three-month follow up. They are investigated against their blood glucose, HbA1C and liver profile tests. Patients were also investigated for subjective parameters viz polyurea, polyphagia, exhaustion and constipation and their response has also been noted regarding palatability acceptance and ease of administration. Results: Patients has responded positively for formulation. Decrease in FBS and PPBS were found highly significant (P Ë‚ 0.001) in both groups but more in higher dose (group A). Decrease in HbA1C is also found highly significant in both groups. In LFT, SGOT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant (P = 0.017 and 0.002). SGPT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant in group B (P= 0.085 and 0.002). Conclusions: Vidangadi Yoga was found significant not only in controlling blood sugar but also in management of other factors related to diabetes mellitus.
509 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF MIGRAINE- A CASE STUDY , *Dr. Ashish Mahajan and Dr. Sukhdev Migraine is a benign and recurrent syndrome of headache, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms of neurological dysfunctions in varying admixtures. It is as one of the diseases where cause is exactly not known. Migraine, the second most common reason for cerebral pain afflicts around 15% of women and 6% of men. With the disease afflicting majority of the people in their prime age i.e. from second decade to fifth decade, it is affecting their professional and social life, hampering their health. Ardhavabhedaka can be scientifically correlated with Migraine due to its cardinal feature ‘half sided headache’ and also due to its paroxysmal nature. All the three doshas are involved in the pathogenesis of the Ardhavabhedaka with the predominance of Vata or Vatakapha. Episodic migraine (EM) is characterized by <15 headache days per month and chronic migraine (CM) is characterized by ≥15 headache days per month. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there are 3000 migraine attacks occurring daily for every million population. A 35 year old male patient with complaining of severe headache which disturbs his routine work and hamper his productivity came to OPD. He was taking Allopathic medicine, Tab. Sumatryptin. Raktamokshana (Bloodletting) was done. Godanti Bhasma 250mg OD, Sutashekhar Ras 250mg BD, Shirshuladivajra Ras 250mg BD, Pathyadi kadha 20ml BD with equal amount of water was given. Virechana (therapeutic purgation) was given with Icchabhedi Ras. After Virechana patient got upto 90% relief in headache. He was advised to completely stop smoking.
510 STUDY OF ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF TRIBHUVANKIRTI RASA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SANNIPATIK JAWAR: A CASE STUDY , *Dr. Ashish Mahajan and Dr. Twinkle Gupta There are various drugs in Ayurveda which can be helpful in Fever but effectiveness of Tribhuvankirti Rasa is nevertheless because Tribhuvankirti Rasa is one of the Rasaoshadis which acts rapidly and requires in low dose which is helpful to actual relief of Fever in small period of time. Tribhuvankirti Rasa balances Vata-Pitta-Kapha and hence it is very helpful in Sannipatik Jawara. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Tribhuvankirti Rasa in the treatment of Sannipatik Jawara. It is a single observational innovative case study. A female aged 40 years presented with a non-healing fever along with some other symptoms with a history of 2 weeks. On examination, patient was moderately febrile, general condition was weak, P.R 80/min; R.R. 18/min B.P. 130/90 mm of Hg and Ayurvedic findings was Daurbalya, Aasyavairasyata, Samata & Daha. The routine laboratory investigations were within normal limit except Hb count which was decreased and TLC count which was raised. Blood Smear test and Widal Test both was negative. This case study showed effective antipyretic activity of Tribhuvankirti Rasa.
511 AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA W.S.R TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RESEARCH ARTICLE , Dr. Nitin Mahajan, Dr. Madhu Bala* and Dr. Rajni Rani* Amavata is a chronic immune-inflammatory systemic disorder mainly affecting synovial joints, caused due to formation of Ama and its association with vitiated Vata dosha and deposition in Shleshma sthana i.e., (joints). Clinical features of Amavata resembles with Rheumatoid Arthritis,it poses a challenge for the physician owing to its chronicity, morbidity and complications. The treasure of Ayurveda therapeutics has laid out detailed treatment line for Amavata. A 40 years old female patient reported to our hospital with Shoola and Stambha of metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands followed by Shoola in corresponding knee joints. This was succeeded by Shoola and mild Sotha on bilateral wrist, ankle and elbow joints. Blood investigations of the patient revealed that she was anemic with Hb-8.2g/dl, had elevated ESR-74 mm Hg, and reactive RA factor. Based on clinical examination and blood investigations, diagnosis of Amavata was made and Ayurvedic treatment protocol was advised with Baluka sweda (sudation) as external application for 21 days, Agnitundi vati before food for 7 days, Dashmoolarasnadi kashayam and Simhanad guggul after food for oral intake for 60 days. The patient was asked for follow up every 15 days up to total of 60 days. Assessment was done subjectively based on clinical symptoms and blood investigations as objective parameters. There was substantially significant improvement and the patient felt relieved from Shoola, Shotha and Stambha of the joints after the treatment. This case study reveals the potential of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in management of Amavata.
512 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AN AYURVEDIC PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PATIENTS , Dr. Ashish Mahajan* and Dr. Sukhdev Iron deficiency anemia is the most widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Prevalence of anaemia in Indiansubcontinent is high because of low dietary intake, poor availability of iron and chronic blood loss due to hook worminfestation and malaria. Numbers of preparations are available in Ayurveda for correction of Iron deficiency anemia. So this study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of two Ayurvedic formulations Dhatri louha and Novayaslouha in anaemic patients. It a was randomized, non-blinded, and placebo controlled pre-posttest design. Total thirty patients were divided into three groups. Each group contained 10 numbers of patients. Group 1 (control group) wasgiven one starch capsule daily for 30 days and Group 2 and Group 3 were given two Ayurvedic formulations Dhatri louha and Novayas louha respectively in a dose of 250 mg twice a day for 30 days. Hematological parameters likehemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and meancorpuscular hemoglobin concentration were determined before and after completion of treatment. After the 30 daysof treatment it was found significant (p<0.05) response in Group 2 and Group 3 when compared with Group 1. Therefore, it claimed that Dhatri louha and Novayas louha have haemopoetic function although it was a preliminary work.
513 TO STUDY THE PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN PATIENTS IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL , Sanaha Thattan Kandi*, Chippymol Jopi, Rajan Acharya and Shuhaib B. Inappropriate use of antibiotics specifically, the broad-spectrum antibiotics in respiratory tract infections results in resistance to antibiotics. Irrational antibiotic use may result in increased cost of treatment, drug-drug interactions and cause severe adverse reactions. The study of prescribing pattern concludes to monitor, evaluate and suggest modifications in the practitioner’s prescription habits, to make patient care reasonable and effective. The aim of our study is to assess the prescription pattern of antibiotics in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, Mangalore. From the study the average encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were in accordance with WHO recommendations but the average no. of total drugs per prescription was not according to WHO recommendation. A very few drugs were prescribed in generic names. There was a slight difference in the value of drugs from EDL from the recommended values and the injections were given according to WHO recommendations.
514 TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF BASTI KARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI W.S.R.TO SCIATICA: A RESEARCH ARTICLE , Dr. Nitin Mahajan, Dr. Twinkle Gupta* and Dr. Shivani Chib Sciatica is the degenerative changes affecting lumber region. The management of Sciatica in conventional medicine is temporary and in many cases surgical treatment. In this, the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDâ€Ÿs) and analgesics are the main drug; however they have serious adverse effects and have limitations for a long term therapy.Gridhrasi (Sciatica) produces disability in people affecting almost each and every routine work of a person. Ayurvedic management seems to be more satisfactory because of its long lasting effects and multi systemic regenerative actions without any harm. Therefore, it was decided to evaluate certain Ayurvedic management for a group of patients of Gridhrasi which could be safe, effective and readily available. Basti Chikitsa is the best treatment for Vatavyadhi like Gridhrasi. The study had been done on 30 clinically diagnosed registered patients from the IPD/OPD of JIAR, Jammu. In this study, Karma Basti was planned in 30 patients with VrishadiNiruhaBasti and VajigandhadiAnuvasanaBasti for 30 days. Observations and findings were documented and evaluated by using various assessment criteria. Symptomatically and Statistically significant improvement was observed in all clinically parameters in majority of the cases. The results obtained indicated improvement in sign and symptoms and Basti was effective in combating the disease.
515 EVALUATION OF SIDDHARTHAKADI LEPA IN ACNE VULGARIS (MUKHADUSHIKA) , Dr. Nitin Mahajan*, Dr. Monika Kaith and Dr. Ashish Sharma Beautiful face enhances the Confidence of person. Face pack (MukhLepa) is fast easy and pleasurable way to make some one healthier and happier. The Study was aimed to study the Effect of Siddharthakadilepa in Acne Vulgaris (Mukhadushika). Total 30 individuals were selected for study of age group 15 Yrs - 30 yrs. Individuals were given Siddharthakadichurna for Face pack (MukhaLepa). After complete assessment, it was found that out of 30 individuals 21 individuals showed reducing the Acne Vulgaris (Mukhadushika). Pain (Ruja) was absent in all individuals after treatment. These results were observed due to kapha-vataghna, kledaghna, shothaghna, shoolhra, varnya, raktaprasadhak, tridoshasamak properties of SiddharthakadiLepa.
516 EXTRACTION OF NICKEL FROM SPENT CATALYST COMING OUT FROM FERTILIZER INDUSTRY , Ramprakash Prajapati* and Rashmi Singhai Literature suggests that ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been proved as a successful chelating agent for the extraction of metals from soils and spent catalysts. EDTA, however, is quite persistent in the environment due to its low biodegradability, thus its use becomes a matter of environmental concern. Therefore, to minimize the potential environmental risks, a new chelating agent [S,S]-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic-acid ([S,S]-EDDS) can be considered as an environmentally benign substitute for EDTA due to its easy biodegradation capability. The present study focuses on the effectiveness of biodegradable chelating agent [S,S]-EDDS for extraction of nickel from the spent catalyst of fertilizer industry. Experiments were carried out in batch mode under reflux conditions and process design parameters were optimized to maximize the extraction efficiency. Ni extraction of 84% was attained at optimum reaction condition in one cycle run. Dechelation of Ni-EDDS complex was performed at pH 5 where more than 96% EDDS was recovered. Results of the present study were compared with the previously studied chelating agent EDTA at optimum reaction conditions reported in literature. It was observed that [S,S]-EDDS requires a narrower pH range as compared to EDTA for chelation−dechelation process. Thus milder reaction conditions were employed for metal extraction using EDDS which is favorable to select the material of construction of equipment, in addition to the added advantage of biodegradability.
517 STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND PREVALENT PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFERTILE WOMEN WITH PCOS ATTENDING DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY / MOSUL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN IRAQ , Maha Saleem Mohammed Ali* Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major cause of annovulatory infertility worldwide. It is important to determine the prevalence and characteristic features of PCOS in different environments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the prevalent phenotypic characteristics of infertile patients with PCOS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on (87) women who attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology / Mosul General hospital in Iraq between January and June 2019. Data collected from each patient included age, parity, height, weight, degree of hirsutism (using modified Ferriman-Gallway scoring), antral follicle count and ovarian volume. Other parameters included estimation of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone and testosterone for each patient. Results showed that Polycystic ovarian syndrome (using Rotterdam criteria) occurred in 20.7% (18) of infertile patients. Hirsutism occurred in 61.1% (11) of infertile women with PCOS but in 13.3% (8) of infertile women with normal ovaries (P=0.005). Oligomenorrhoea occurred in 27.7% (5) of infertile women with PCOS and in 3.3% (2) of infertile women with normal ovaries (P=0.03). Significantly more infertile women PCOS had anovulation as the mean mid-luteal progesterone (5.21±3.91ng/ml) was less than that for women with normal ovaries (18.12±9.9 ng/ml) P=0.005 and higher mean testosterone level was also observed in infertile women with PCOS (0.99±0.18IU/L) than in those with normal ovaries (0.41±0.14IU/L) P < 0.005. It can be concluded from this study that the prevalence of PCOS in women with infertility was 20.7%. The infertile patients with PCOS had statistically higher occurrence of annovulatory cycle with oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism and serum testosterone levels compared to infertile women with normal ovaries.
518 STUDY ON GODAVARI RIVER WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT , Dr. Anil Khole* River is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, which is flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. The five longest rivers of the world are Nile (flows from South to North through earth Africa), Amazon (flows in South America), Yangtze (flows in China), Mississippi (flows in North America) and Yenisei (flows from central Russia) river. The World Rivers have a special role to carry water and nutrients to areas all around the Earth. They play a very important part in the water cycle, acting as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers provide excellent habitat and food for many of the earthâ€Ÿs organisms. The rivers of India play an important role in the lives of Indian People. River systems provide irrigation, potable water, cheap transportation, electricity, as well as provide livelihood for a large number of people all over the country. Rivers are important for a countryâ€Ÿs economy because they play an important role in the irrigation and industrial field. An irrigation and industrialization sector boosts countries economy. The rivers of India play an important role in the lives of the people and nearly all the major cities of the country are located by the banks of it. The river also has an important role in the Hindu Religion and is considered holy by all Hindus in the country. India has seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of the country. This study applied principal component analysis and principal factor analysis of Godavari river basin from two monitoring stations. The objective was to identify monitoring stations that are important in assessing annual variations of river water quality. Two stations were used for the evaluation of physical, chemical and biological parameters. Results show that 2 monitoring sites Godavari River water is polluting.
519 ANIMAL MODEL ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRACEUTICAL VALUE OF AQEUOUS EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA STEM BARK , Ihimire I. G.*, Alaiya H. T. and Onobun D. O. This study investigated the effect of administration of acute and sub-lethal dose of Azadirachta indica in animal model. Eighteen (18) mature Wistar albino rats were used to investigate lethal dose LD50 and establish safe dose (SD) in 24 hours. Another 18, divided into 6 Groups A – E were used to investigate the biochemical effect of administration of different doses of the extract. Group A served as control and received only water daily. Group B received 1 mL of extract 547.72 mg/kg body weight being the safe dose established. Group C – F respectively were given 492.95 mg, 602.49 mg, 657.26 mg or 711.89 mg/kg body weight in 1 mL for 14 days. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. On the 15th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed, blood collected by cardiac puncture and some organs/tissues were excised. Standard methods were used to assess in triplicate Some biochemical parameters. Mean values of these analytes were calculated and compared with Turkey-Kramer multiple comparison test. Results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean. Administration of the dose recorded comparable final weight as control, 184.87 ± 1.97 g and also liver, heart, spleen and kidney weight too. Group administered the safe dose i.e. Group B recorded evidence of liver protection effect with lower AST value compared to control. This study provided rational biochemical evidences for adequate usage of the extract.
520 ANIMAL MODEL ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRACEUTICAL VALUE OF AQEUOUS EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA STEM BARK , Ihimire I. G.*, Alaiya H. T. and Onobun D. O. This study investigated the effect of administration of acute and sub-lethal dose of Azadirachta indica in animal model. Eighteen (18) mature Wistar albino rats were used to investigate lethal dose LD50 and establish safe dose (SD) in 24 hours. Another 18, divided into 6 Groups A – E were used to investigate the biochemical effect of administration of different doses of the extract. Group A served as control and received only water daily. Group B received 1 mL of extract 547.72 mg/kg body weight being the safe dose established. Group C – F respectively were given 492.95 mg, 602.49 mg, 657.26 mg or 711.89 mg/kg body weight in 1 mL for 14 days. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. On the 15th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed, blood collected by cardiac puncture and some organs/tissues were excised. Standard methods were used to assess in triplicate Some biochemical parameters. Mean values of these analytes were calculated and compared with Turkey-Kramer multiple comparison test. Results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean. Administration of the dose recorded comparable final weight as control, 184.87 ± 1.97 g and also liver, heart, spleen and kidney weight too. Group administered the safe dose i.e. Group B recorded evidence of liver protection effect with lower AST value compared to control. This study provided rational biochemical evidences for adequate usage of the extract.
521 TREND OF FACTORS IN SELF-CARE IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT QAZVIN PROVINCE IN IRAN , Asghar Karbord, Alireza Shafeyi, Davoud Mohammadi Nokande, Mehran Mohebi Alidash*, Zahra Javadi Nodeh and Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf Background: Self-care is part of people's daily lives and includes care that extends to children, family, friends, neighbors and local communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of self-care awareness and performance ratio of pregnant women and determine the factors affecting self-care. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The study population was 90 pregnant women in Qazvin who referred to the educational and medical centers of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected and analyzed using a standardized questionnaire (its validity was determined by several experts and its reliability was determined by pilot design and Cronbach's alpha value of 74%). Results: The rate of self-care among mothers was observed in the age factor at a very good level of 73.5% and at the level of the employment factor 89% and the level of the income factor 67% and the factors of residence and weight with the lowest level in the self-care model between 40 to 56%. Conclusions: In the self-care model of pregnant mothers, age and occupation factors have the most impact on the care of individuals and then the level of income and education and then the place of residence and weight also played an important role in this regard.
522 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CAR ACCIDENT IN HIGH WAY TEHRAN-QAZVIN AT 2018 , Asghar karbord, Mehran Mohebi alidash, Kourosh alimohammadbeik, Mohammadmasoud Mahmoudi* and Fardin Rastegar Introduction: Despite considerable study given to health information of car accident in high way, the epidemiological aspects of trauma resulting from this them are not exactly understood inroad of Iran and other developing countries. The aim of this review was to study the epidemiological pattern and issues arising due to car accident in high way in Iran. Material and method: this is a cross-sectional study involves data from 800 drivers that car accident in high way Tehran-Qazvin at2018. Data collection for this study was collected by research man that attendance in where of accident with checked by police driving. Data collection accomplished by questioner have 3factors including: demographic factors, vehicle factors and weather ,road factors. Results: The risk of road car accidents due to sleepiness was increased by more than sevenfold (oddsratio 5. 2) in low alertness hours (2MN-7AM) compared to other time of day. The risk of car accidents due to sleepiness was decreased by 0.18-fold (odds ratio 0.31) in hours with maximum ofalertness (17PM-22MN) of circadian rhythm compared to other time of day. Conclusion: The occurrence of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness has significant statistical relationswith driving during lowest point of alertness of circadian rhythm. The findings of the current study will be beneficial in car accident and its associated complications and hence will be vital for policy makers, health service managers and stakeholders.
523 DETERMINING THE TREND OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF SEXUAL FUNCTION AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN YOUNG GIRLS IN QAZVIN , Asghar Karbord, Mehran Mohebi Alidash*, Zahra Javadi Nodeh, Fardin Rastegar and Alireza Sarfaraz, Davoud Mohammadi Nokande Background: One of the important and indispensable instincts of humans is sexual desire, and that is an important part of their lives. The instinct and the problems caused by it are very important. According to studies, sexual concerns in each country have a particular dispersion but the common point of the majority of studies is to increase the sexual disorders of young girls in teenage period. Today, the research suggests that sexual disorders occur in all times of a woman's life, and that is why this study has focused on sexual concerns at young ages. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional study and statistical population of this research is young girls referring to health centers in Qazvin. The sampling method is a two - step cluster. In the districts 1, 2 and 3 Qazvin, we first consider each health center as a cluster and randomly select a few centers, then select 1240 people from among the selected centers by simple random sampling. The method of data collection was questionnaire (epidemiological, sexual health, questionnaires such as demographic characteristics, sexual awareness, sexual literacy and sexual disorders based on DSM-IV). Findings: Research units believe that excessive sexual activity is harmful; %44.8 of married people had sexual activity once a week and %51.6of them had sexual activity once or twice a week. %43.9 of young girls had normal sexual function, %31.4 had mild disorder and prevalence of severe disorder was %18.8. The severity of the disorder is significantly associated with age under 18 years (P=0.001); as severe disorder was more common between the ages of 12 and 16. In general, the score of sexual health at this age decreases as aging and education, so that the most common sexual dysfunction is observed under 18 years of age. Therefore, further investigations are recommended to find the exact pattern of sexual changes in this period as well as the recognition of epidemiology. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that the main causes of sexual dysfunction in young girls are pain, vaginal dryness, and lack of orgasm and lack of orgasm in young married girls.
524 RISK OF CESAREAN SECTION AND RESPIRATORY DISTRESS OF NEONATE IN DELIVERY BY INDUCTION IN NULLIPAROUS AFTER 37 WEEKS GESTATION , *Rawoa Abdulraheem Hassan and Mohammed Kadhim Jasim Objective of the study: The purpose of this study is to explore does the induction of labour for nulliparous women after 37 weeks gestation increase the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal distress. Material and methods: Retrospective study was conducted, at Fatima AL-ZAHRAA Hospital 232- primiparous women with singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks gestation who delivered in the period of May 2017 and May 2018 The sample was divided into two groups those who were in spontaneous labour (179) and those who underwent induction and either delivered vaginaly or by cesarean section (53) Data were then analysed by the use of SPSS system, The P. value was considered significant if < 0.05 Results: In our study we found that induction of labour at completed thirty-seven weeks or more in nulliparous women resulted in a significantly increased risk for delivery by cesarean section 39.6 % in the induction group versus 5.6 % in the spontaneous labour group on taking the bishop score as an important factor. The rate of cesarean delivery between the induction group with unfavorable cervix was 59.4 % versus 9.1 % in the spontanous labour group and 9.5 % In the induction group with favorable cervix vs 5.4 % in the patient with spontaneous labour and favorable cervix. Generally, the spontaneous labour group had more advanced dilatation and effaccement on admission only (6.1 had bishop score < 6). The indication for the cesarean deliveries differed between the two groups for instance fetal distress was the first indication in the induction group (47.6 %) followed by failure of progress (33.3 %) then failure for induction (19 %). In the spontanous labour group the failure of progress (60 %) then fetal distress (20%) then severe pre - eclampsia (PET), (6,5%). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that induction of labour increased the risk of cesarean section 7 times and fetal distress in nulliparous women with an unvavorable cervix. Spontaneous labour group generally had more advanced dilatation and effacement and as aconsequence a short interval from arrival to delivery.
525 NECROTIZING FASCIITIS - FLESH EATING BACTERIA SYNDROME , Mehnaaz Alam* and Dr. Jallu Ravindra Necrotizing Fasciitis is also called flesh-eating bacteria syndrome. It is an infection that leads to death of components of body’s soft tissue present below the skin.[7,1] It is a severe sickness of unforeseen onset that spreads apace. Symptoms embrace red or purple skin within the affected space, severe pain, fever, and unconditioned reflex.[7,2] The foremost normally affected areas are the limbs and region. Typically, the infection enters the body through an opening within the skin like a cut or burn.[7,3] Risk factors embrace poor immune perform like from diabetes or cancer, obesity, alcoholism, intravenous drug use, and peripheral artery disease.[7,4] It's not usually unfold between individuals. The sickness is classed into four sorts, reckoning on the infecting organism. Between fifty five and eightieth percent of cases involve over one kind of bacterium Methicillin-resistant staphylococci aureus (MRSA) is concerned in up to a majority of cases. Medical imaging is useful to substantiate the diagnosis.[7,5] Necrotizing fasciitis is also prevented with correct wound care and handwashing. It's typically treated with surgery to get rid of the infected tissue, and intravenous antibiotics typically, a mix of antibiotics is employed, like benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and gentamicin.[7,6] Delays in surgery are related to a way higher risk of death. Even with high-quality treatment, the chance of death is between twenty five and thirty five percentage.[7,7]
526 CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES, A REVIEW ON METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS , Ankita A. Shinde*, Suraj G. Malpani, Sushil S. Kore, Rutuja N. Mohite, Ashwini U. Jadhav Design and expansion of herbal nanoparticles has become a frontier research in the Nano formulation arena. Curcumin is the main bioactive component controlled in Curcuma longa, largely employed in traditional medicine. Curcumin is the main slope of â€•Turmericâ€– a famous Indian spice and food additive. The marvellous nutritional and medicinal effects of curcumin finished it a decent alternative to some conventional drugs and food flavouring or colouring materials. Recently, beneficial properties, useful for prevention and treatment of several disorders, have been exposed for this compound. Although curcumin has revealed therapeutic efficacy against many human ailments, one of the major problems with curcumin is its poor bioavailability, which seem to primarily due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systematic removal. Therefore, introduction of the nanotechnology offers a solution towards amplified bioavailability of curcumin. In this review, a lot methods of preparation of curcumin nanoparticles and its applications are briefly deliberated.
527 A REVIEW ON SALYAJANYA NADI VRANA W.S.R TO PILONIDAL SINUS , *Dr. Arvind Gajbhiye and Dr. Syed Abdul Wahid A Pilonidal Sinus is a common disease of the natal cleft. Pilonidal Sinus is a track which contains hairs. The incidence of the disease is calculated to be 26 per 100,000 people. Pilonidal disease has a male predominance with a ratio of 3:1. There are several methods to treat pilonidal sinus, but the recurrence rate is more in modern surgical interventions. According to Ayurveda it can be correlated to Salyajanya Nadi Vrana (pilonidal sinus), a type of Nadi Vrana (sinus). Whose etiopathology is described in Nidanasthana and treatment aspect in Chikitsasthana of Susrutha Samhita. Susrutha mentioned the application of Kshara (caustic alkali) and Ksharasutra (Seton) in the management of Nadivrana. Studies shows that by Ayurvedic treatment, it helps to reduce recurrence rate, even though Nadivrana is said to be Kricchrasadhya (difficult to cure). Hence sucessful management of this disease depends on the knowledge of pathogenesis, patients presentation and knowledge on treatment aspects.
528 FILTRATION: A MECHANICAL OR PHYSICAL OPERATION TO REMOVE DEBRIS INâ€’VITRO/INâ€’VIVO , *Prodipta Bhattacharyya, Kushal Nandi, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Dhananjoy Saha Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a porous medium through which only the fluid can pass. The suspension of solid and liquid to be filtered is known as the feed or slurry. The porous medium used to retain the solids is described as the filter medium. The accumulation of solids on the filter is referred to as the filter cake, while the clear liquid passing through the filter is the filtrate. The term clarification is used when the amount of solid in liquid is not more than 1%w/v. The surface upon which solids are deposited in a filter is called the filter medium. Filter aid is used to prevent the medium from becoming blocked and helps to form an open, porous cake, hence reducing the resistance to flow of the filtrate. Rate of filtration is defined as volume of filtrate collected in unit time.
529 HOW CILENGITIDE REDUCES MORTALITY RATE IN SEPSIS THAN OTHER ANTIBIOTICS , M. Madhu Babu*, P. Krupa Rani, Ch. Sharika and D. Manasa Devi Sepsis is a complex condition characterised by the simultaneous activation of inflammation and coagulation in response to microbial entry. These events manifest as systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis symptoms through the release of pro inflammatory cytokines, pro coagulants, and adhesion molecules from immune cells and damage endothelium. Today, sepsis is a severe multisystem disease with difficult treatments and high mortality rate. So, the drug cilengitide has developed to treat sepsis and to decrease the mortality rate because, all antibiotics that used in sepsis which involve in inhibiting the bacterial growth but they does not stop bacterial attachment to endothelial cells this cause bacteria to spread / reach to major organs (vital organs) i.e. accumulation of fluids in major organs may takes place and cause septic shock/ organ failure. Here, this review summarizes that cilengitide is an antagonist of the major endothelial cell integrin, alpha-v beta-3 & this integrin is an adhesion molecule that mediates the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix and work effectively in stabilizing the blood vessels so that they cannot leak bacteria and infect major organs.
530 AN OVERVIEW: 3D BIOPRINTING TECHNOLOGY , Anu A. L.*, Subash Chandran M.P., Prasobh G. R., Remya S. B. and Aparna P. Alternative strategies that overcome existing organ transplantation methods are of increasing importance be-cause of ongoing demands and lack of adequate organ donors. Recent improvements in tissue engineering techniques offer improved solutions to this problem and will influence engineering and medicinal applications. Tissue engineering employs the synergy of cells, growth factors and scaffolds besides others with the aim to mimic the native extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been explored to create organs for transplanta-tion, medical implants, prosthetics, in vitro models and 3D tissue models for drug testing. In addition, it is emerging as a powerful technology to provide patients with severe disease conditions with personalized treatments. Challenges in tis-sue engineering include the development of 3D scaffolds that closely resemble native tissues. In this review, existing printing methods such as extrusion-based, robotic dispensing, cellular inkjet, laser-assisted printing and integrated tissue organ printing (ITOP) are examined. Also, natural and synthetic polymers and their blends as well as peptides that are exploited as bioinks are discussed with emphasis on regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, applications of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, evolving strategies and future perspectives are summarized.
531 A REVIEW ON TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS DIAGNOSIS , Prof. Sharma Shubham* and Diwan Deeksha Tuberculosis (TB), often thought of a disease from the past, is still rampant in major portions of the world. With 1.5 million deaths annually, it is the most important cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide with India being the highest TB burden country in the world. Tuberculosis (TB) is a ubiquitous medical problem causing high mortality and morbidity rates which also affects people mentally and socially, especially in countries undergoing development. The contagious, pestilent disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) that has always been a challenging pathogen over the centuries, because of its severe pathophysiological implications. It has been hypothesized that the genus Mycobacterium originated more than 150 million years ago and still is considered an implacable enemy. TB has always been associated with a high mortality rate over the centuries, and also nowadays, it is estimated to be responsible for 1.4 million TB deaths. Due to its contagious nature, complex immunological response, chronic progression and the need for long-term treatment, TB has always been a major health burden. In more recent years, the appearance of multi-drug resistant forms have resulted from the bacterial persistent mutations along with the current TB-HIV epidemic and related medical consequences. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis have been proven to be an arduous task over the period of time.
532 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SAROGLITAZAR AND PIOGLITAZONE ON HIGH FAT DIET-LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE-2 DIABETES IN WISTER RATS , S. Viswanth Reddy*, G. Avinash and R. Sagar Hyperlipidemia is the major predisposing risk factor for occurrence of type-2 diabetes. The present study was planned to investigate the hypoglycaemic and lipid lowering comparative activity study of Saroglitazar (PPARα/γ agonist) and Pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist) in HFD- low dose Sreptozotocin induced type-2 diabetes in male Waster rats. Diabetes was induced by single i.p injection of low dose of Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bd.wt) followed by 21 days of high fat diet (HFD) feeding in 6-8 week old male Wister rats. Body weight gain, blood glucose and lipid parameters were measured. Oral treatment of a PPARα/γ dual agonist Saroglitazar (4 mg/kg) and PPARγ agonist Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) were significantly reduced the mean body weight, blood glucose, and plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides levels. Sarogliatazar and Pioglitazone showed no significant effect on LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Sarogliatazar showed better activity when compared with Pioglitazone, because of the dual agonistic action of Saroglitazar on PPARα/γ Receptors, it favours the concomitant reduction of blood glucose (PPARγ action) and lipid (PPARα/γ action) levels. Over all the results showed that Saroglitazar a PPARα/γ dual agonist, a drug approved in India for treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia shows significant reduction in body weight, blood glucose and lipid parameters when compared to PPARγ agonist (Pioglitazone) in high fat diet with chemical induced model of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Suggesting it’s as first line drug for treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia.
533 A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF AMA IN RELATION TO GRAHANI ROGA AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY KALINGADI GHANAVATI AND TRYUSHNADI GHRITA , *Dr. Poonam Gupta and Dr. Neha Pagyal Introduction In the era of fast food, there is change or irregularity in diet and diet timings and also sedentary lifestyle. In addition to change in diet and lifestyle, one is always under tremendous mental stress. All these causes disturbance to the digestive system, which results into many diseases, amongst which digestion and absorption disorders constitute an important group.
534 GCMSD ALS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FERMENTED SAUERKRAUT , Bhosale Sarika* and Sapre Vaijayanti Background: The presence of diverse secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) has been reported from plants of the genus Brassica. The researchers found that the process of lactic acid fermentation of sauerkraut with raw cabbage (Brassica oleracea (var.capitata)) produces glucosinolates (GLS) and isothiocyanates, two major groups of phytochemicals. These compounds that stimulate phase 2 detoxication enzymes improve antioxidant status and protect animals against chemically induced cancers. Natural occurrences of some phytochemicals in sauerkraut also described to exhibit antidiarrheal, bactericidal, fungistatic, fungicidal and pesticidal actions to plants and animals. Objective: This study was designed to determine the bioactive phytochemicals from crude extracts of sauerkraut by using GCMSD ALS (Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry Detector Automatic Liquid Sampler) method. Materials and Methods: GC-MS analysis of the whole fermented sauerkraut was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry -Acquisition SW Version Mass Hunter GC/MS Acquisition B.07.06.2704 analyzer. Results: This investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive chemical compounds from fermented sauerkraut by GCMSD ALS method. Twenty three different volatile aldehydes, ketones, furans, acids, alcohols, esters, branched chain amino acid derivatives, phenylalanine, sulphides, pyrazines and other compounds were discovered in the crude extract samples of sauerkraut. This analysis revealed that the crude extract of sauerkraut contain some bio active compounds like ; S-Methyl methanethiosulfonate, Propionic acid, 2-oxo-, methyl ester, Acetic acid, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro- 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, 5-ethenyl-2-methoxypyrazine, Benzene acetaldehyde , Disulfide dimethyl, Dimethyl trisulfide etc. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antiproliferative properties of these derivatives have been reported in different studies. Propionic acid is used as a common preservative or stabilizer to avoid decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes in many of the animal and human foods. Conclusions: From the GC MS spectrum of sauerkraut sample, it is marked that most of the bioactive chemical compounds identified by GCMSD ALS method are documented as active agents in chemotherapy of different types of cancers. It is demonstrated that the sauerkraut – the fermentation probiotic product prepared from B. oleracea var. capitata contains different bioactive secondary metabolites like glucosinolates , isothiocyanates and flavonoids and possessed diverse antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, pesticidal and anticancer properties.
535 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF YOGARAJ GUGGULU AND SINHNAAD GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA , *Dr. Nitin Mahajan and Dr. Neha Pagyal Ayurveda is one of the most ancient systems of life, health and cure. Ayurveda is a highly evolved and codified system of life and health science based on its own unique and original concept and fundamental principles. In the present era due to change in life style, diet habits leads to many health problems. One such problem is Amavata. The Therapeutic protocol in the present study includes 30 patient which was divided into 2 groups. In the study both male and female patients with irrespective of age, presenting with different clinical signs and symptoms of Amavata was taken and treated with trial drug Yograj Guggulu and Sinhnaad Guggulu 3 gm BD with luke warm water for a period of 21 days and condition was recorded every 10 days.
536 ESTIMATION OF PIGMENTS IN LEAVES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS , R. Gawande and Maruti S. Darade* The Chlorophyll is the basic photosynthetic pigment of plants which is required to prepare food material in the form carbohydrates.The pigments in plant varies from oragns and species to species. The estimation of amount of chlorophyll pigment was carried out in five different medicinal plants, such as Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelous, Pongamia pinnata, Santalum album, Ocimum sanctum. Determination of chlorophyll content was made on the basis of values of absorbance on spectrophotometer. The amount of chlorophyll – a ranged from 2.30 mg/gm to 5.24 mg/gm of leaf tissues, chlorophyll - b ranged from 1.36 mg/gm to 2.31 mg/gm of leaf tissues. The total chlorophyll ranged from 4.08 mg/gm to 7.55 mg/gm of leaf tissues The maximum amount of total chlorophyll was recorded in leaves of Pongamia pinnata and minimum in Azadirachta indica.
537 EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING ON POSTPARTUM INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE (PPIUCD) AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDAE IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, INDIA , Thabasum M. S.*, Dr. Sukanya and Dr. Suvarna B. Talwar Background: Motherhood is the fulfilment of womanhood. Yet all pregnancies are not welcomed. Today the couples are in a situation to limit the size of their family by choice rather by chance. The appropriate family planning choices are those that people make for themselves depend on the options. Those who make choices can use family planning more securely and programs are responsible for helping people make informed family planning decisions. The IUCD is a highly reliable, discreet, intimate, long-acting form of contraception that is coitus independent, and rapidly reversible. Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge, evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching and find out the association between pre-test and post test knowledge score regarding postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among primigravidae in selected hospitals. Methods: Pre-experimental design, with non probability purposive sampling method was used. Information was collected from 50 primigravidae attending antenatal OPD regarding postpartum intrauterine contraceptive (PPIUCD) using the structured interview schedule. VAT was implemented and post-test was conducted after 7 days to find the effectiveness. Results: The overall mean knowledge score in the pre-test and post test was 42.5 % and 80.9 % respectively with improvement of 38.4 % and it was significant at 5% level. Conclusion: The study outcomes suggested that VAT is an effective instructional method in enlightening the awareness of primigravidae attending antenatal OPD regarding PPIUCD.
538 SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZOTHIAZOLE PYRAMIDINE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS , Siddhanadham Arun Sathyadev*, Anitha Pilli, Mounipriya. S and Seetaram Padal. .K Benzthiazole, Pyramidines and their analogues have a good sort of biological activities like Neuro protective activity, anti helminthic, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, herbicidal activity, Anti-malarial activity, Hypolipedimic activity etc., within the present research work, an attempt has been made to synthesize some new series of novel benzthiazole linked chalcones from 3-aminoacetophenone and potassium thiocyanate which were dissolved in glacial acetic acid at temperature 25±2.5°C and liquid bromine in glacial acetic acid was then added drop-wise, and eventually the reaction mass is quenched and basified with ammonia to get the specified Benzthiazole linked chalcone later the answer of benzothiazole linked chalcone in ethanol was condensed with guanidine hydrochloride within the presence of catalytic amount of pyridine in absolute ethanol at reflux temperature on a water bath to get the desired compound. The purity of the compounds was identified by TLC. The solvent was evaporated in vacuum and crushed ice was added to the residue while mixing thoroughly, a bright yellow solid separated out. This solid was filtered under vacuum, dried and purified by chromatography to offer light yellow solid. The structures were determined by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. The synthesized benthiazole linked pyramidine analogues were screened for anti-tubercular activity by use of MABA (Microplate Alamar Blue assay) analytical method on H37Rv strain of tubercle bacillus. The compounds containing electron withdrawing groups like chlorine, fluorine, nitrogen showed better activity than that of the opposite compounds within the series. The mechanism of action of the compounds can be assassinated for the activity on the cell membrane disruption by inhibiting the peptidoglycon synthesis as potential antitubercular agent.
539 UPDATED CHECKLIST OF PHILODROMIDAE (ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) FROM INDIA , *Rajendra Singh and Garima Singh The present article deals with the faunal diversity of one of the spider family Philodromidae (Araneae: Arachnida), commonly known as philodromid crab spiders or running crab spiders or house crab spiders in different Indian states and union territories and provides an update checklist based on the literature published up to January 15, 2021. It includes 53 species of spiders described under 10 genera in 18 states and 4 union territories, out of which 39 species are endemic. In India, Philodromus Thorell, 1870 is the largest genus consisting of 24 species followed by Thanatus Thorell, 1870 (13 species) and Tibellus Thorell, 1870 (8 species). The records demonstrated that only 2 species of these spiders are distributed widely: Tibellus elongatus Tikader, 1960 (in 9 states) and Philodromus assamensis Tikader, 1962 (in 8 states). Maximum 29 species of these spiders were recorded in Maharashtra followed by 19 species in Madhya Pradesh and 12 species each in Chhattisgarh and Gujarat. Strangely, no philodromid spider is recorded in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Telangana, and Tripura and need extensive research work in these states. Despite their role as insect predators and being crucial to the health of terrestrial ecosystems, none of the species recorded in India is listed in IUCN Red List.
540 PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS FOR ITS ANTI- ULCER ACTIVITY , Lalitha V., Mohamed Fiaz A.* and Manickavalli E. The antiulcer Potential of ethanolic flower extract of Couroupita guianensis (EFCG) was investigated in indomethacin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model in experimental rats. Ethanolic flower extract of Couroupita guianensis at a dose of (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. The extract (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. The present study indicates that EFCG have potential anti-ulcer activity in indomethacin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model. These results may further suggest that the extract was found to possess anti-ulcerogenic activity which might be due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
541 ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF NUTS OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM LINN. , Dr. R. Xavier Arulappa*, M. Jerubin Welsingh, V. Vasudevan and S. Mohan This study was performed to determine the antiulcer activity of extracts of semecarpus anacardium against pylorous ligation induced gastric ulcer. The ethanolic extract of semecarpus anacardium at the dose of 400 mg/kg P.W markedly decrease the incidence of ulcers in pyloric ligated rats. In pyloric ligated rats, there was an increase in the gastric volume, free and total acidity and ulcerative index as compared to the control group. The ethanolic extract of seme carpus anacardium at the dose of 400 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the above parameters which was comparable to the standard drug Ranitidine (50 mg /Kg). Semecarpus anacardium extract showed ulcer protection index 70.45% where as standard drug Ranitidine showed ulcer protection index 76.13%.
542 EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-UROLITHIATIC POTENTIAL OF MERREMIA TRIDENTATA (L.) HALLIER F. BY CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DISSOLUTION ASSAY , *Jisa Ann Sabu, Dr. Brijithlal N.D., Dr. Prakash G. Williams Urolithiasis is as old as the human civilization. Ancient scientist identified the disease Urolithiasis and named it as ‘Ashmari’ which means a structure showing similarity to stone. Urolithiasis is commonly known as calculi formation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity of Merremia tridentata by calcium phosphate dissolution assay. The distilled water extract, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, chloroform extract, lime juice extract and tender coconut water extract were taken for the evaluation. All the six extracts shown their effectiveness in the dissolution of calcium phosphate crystals. The tender coconut water extract was observed more effective than other extracts with a high rate of calcium phosphate dissolution. The study revealed that Merremia tridentata possess potent anti-urolthiatic activity.
543 EVALUATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS IN DISEASES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WOMEN IN QAZVIN , Asghar karbord, Dr. Davoud Mohamadi Nokandeh, Zahra Javadi Nodeh, Mehran Mohebi Alidash*, Fardin Rastegar, Mina Moradi Background: One of the important and indispensable instincts of humans is sexual desire, and that is an important part of their lives. The instinct and the problems caused by it are very important. According to studies, sexual concerns in each country have a particular dispersion but the common point of the majority of studies is to Increased sexual dysfunction of women during menopause. Today, research shows that sexual dysfunction is not only during menopause, because there can be sexual problems throughout a woman's married life, and this issue led us to pay attention to sexual concerns in the reproductive years in this study. Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the diseases of the reproductive system and the factors affecting it in women in Qazvin in 2019. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional study and statistical population of this research is women referring to health centers in Qazvin. The sampling method is a two - step cluster. In the districts 1, 2 Qazvin, we first consider each health center as a cluster and randomly select a few centers, then select 240 people from among the selected centers by simple random sampling. The method of data collection was questionnaire (epidemiological, sexual health, questionnaires such as demographic characteristics, sexual awareness, the quality of a favorable relationship with a spouse, sexual literacy and sexual disorders based on DSM-IV). Finding: 44.8 case study unit research on sexual activity during pregnancy may be harmful to the fetus; But all of them have had sex during pregnancy, 51.6 makes them have sex once or twice a week. 43.9% of women had normal sexual function and 31.4% had mild disorder and the prevalence of severe disorder was 18.8%. The severity of the disorder was significantly associated with trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.001); Severe disorder was more common in the third trimester. In general, the score of sexual function during pregnancy decreases with increasing gestational age, so that in the third trimester of pregnancy, the most sexual dysfunction is observed. Therefore, further studies are recommended to find the exact pattern of sexual changes during pregnancy and to understand its epidemiology. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that the main causes of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are vaginal pain, dryness of the vagina and lack of orgasm, and in women of reproductive age, lack of orgasm.
544 PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF DISORDERED MINERAL METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE 3-5(D). A STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF BANGLADESH” , *Prof. Dr. Nazneen Mahmood, Prof. M. M. Rahman, Dr. MMR Siddiqui, Prof. Zakia Sultana Shahid and Dr. SI Shumi Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a public health problem that is estimated to affect more than 10% of the global population, and the prevalence of which has increased in recent years.Bone mineral metabolism abnormalities, which the KDIGO guidelines recently defined as CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), have been clearly implicated not only in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and renal osteodystrophy but have also been associated with the progression of CKD and its complications, including cardiovascular complications and they ultimately contribute significantly to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates among patients with CKD. However, despite high prevalence of MBDs in CKD patients, there are no data on CKD-MBD from Bangladesh. This was a prospective, observational study carried over a period of 1 year(January 2016- December 2016) in Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital. The study population included newly diagnosed CKD Stage 3-5 and prevalent CKD Stage 5D(Dialysis) adult patients of 18 years and above.The biochemical markers of CKD-MBD, namely calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin Vitamin D3(250HD) were measured.115 (48 males and 67 females) patients were included in the study with a M:F of 1:1.4. Mean age was 60.07±11.41 years (Range 18-90 years). The most common causes of underlying native kidney diseases were Diabetic nephropathy (31.30%) followed by Hypertension (27.80%), Chronic glomerulonephritis (24.30%), Chronic interstitial nephritis (11.30%) and Autosomal dominant poly cystic kidney disease (5.20%). 44.35%(51) patients were from stage 3 CKD and 32.17%(37), 13.05%(15), 10.43%(12) were from stage 4, stage 5 and stage 5(D) respectively. Out of 51 patients of stage 3 CKD, 82.35% were of Hyperparathyroidism, 9.8% of Hypoparathyroidism and 7.85% were of target range parathormone. Among stage 4 CKD patients (37) of the study group 78.37% were of Hyperparathyroidism and 8.10% and 13.53% were of Hypoparathyroidism Target range respectively. Out of 27 patients of stage 5 and 5(D) CKD, 44.44%, 18.52% and 37.04% were of Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism and Target range. So it is observed that most of the patients (82.35%) of stage 3 CKD presents with Hyperparathyroidism. The mean PTH level of the patient of CKD stage 3,4,5 and 5(D) are 167.70 ±120.79, 235.35±256.08, 292.02±70.34 and 579.31±77.01 respectively. The mean PTH of the patients of stage 5(D) is more among all stages. 97 of all patients were of Hypercalcaemia and 39 of the patients had Hyperphosphataemia, 43 patients had mild Vit D deficiency, 53 had insufficiency and none of them had severe Vit D deficiency. Mean values of serum levels of corrected Calcium(cCa), Phosphate(PO4), creatinine, 25-OHD, intact Parathormone(i PTH) and Albumin are 8±1.06 mg/dl, 4.38±0.89 mg/dl, 3.49±2.6 mg/dl, 20.66±10.05 nmol/L, 318.59±131.05 pg/ml and 24.55±3.13gm/L respectively. There was a high prevalence of CKD-MBD in Bangladeshi CKD patients. CKD-MBD is more common and more severe and has an early onset as compared to the western population.
545 FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL STABILITY STUDY OF NANOEMULSION GEL (NANOEMULGEL) CONTAINING BELIMBING WULUH (AVERRHOA BILIMBI L.) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT , Made Laksmi Dewi Dhyaksa and Mahdi Jufri* Objective: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one of the plants that is potentially used as a source of antioxidants. Natural antioxidant contents such as vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and other polyphenol compounds are believed to prevent the photoaging process. The aim of this study is to formulate the ethanolic extract of Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) into nanoemulsion gel dosage form and test its physical stability and antioxidant activity. Methods: Nanoemulgel was prepared by high pressure homogenizer method in various extract concentrations i.e. 1%, 2%, and 3%. The formulated nanoemulsion gel then tested for their physical stability using several methods, i.e. long-term stability tests, and cycling test.. In addition, an antioxidant capacity study was also carried out by using DPPH (2,2,-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil) damping method. Results: Nanoemulgel showed a stable physical appearance for 12 weeks at room temperature (25 ± 2oC), high temperature (40 ± 2oC), cycling test, and mechanical test. However, on a long-term physical stability test in low temperature (4 ± 2°C), all nanoemulgel undergone the Ostwald Ripening phenomena. The results of in-vitro antioxidant activity study showed poor IC50 value, i.e. 20520.09 μg/mL (F0); 18392.29 μg/mL (F1); 17868.80 μg/mL (F2); and 17287.625 μg/mL (F3), respectively. Conclusion: The formula is not an optimal formula to produce a nanoemulgel with good physical stability and antioxidant activity.
546 THE EFFECT OF EXTRACT AMOUNT OF PINEAPPLE AND HEATING TIME ON THE QUALITY OF GOAT'S MILK , Miranti, Mahyu Danil, Wan Bahroni Jiwar Barus, M. Nuh, Susan Novrini, Panji Ario Juna, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe, Syamsafitri, Arif Anwar, Indra Gunawan, Murni Sari Rahayu, Chairani Siregar, Mindalisma, Mahyuddin, Dedi Kusbiantoro, Khairunnisyah, Surya Dharma and Dian Hendrawan Goat milk is a high source of animal protein and has a chemical composition that is almost the same as breast milk, but many people do not like to consume goat's milk because it has a distinctive aroma from goats, therefore the researchers tried to process goat's milk. into curds, curds are fermented milk products, so that it is preferred by the community and improves the nutritional quality of goat's milk itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding pineapple extracts and heating time on the quality of goat's milk curd. This research was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design with a linear model. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, UISU Medan. The results showed that the addition of 40 ml of pineapple extract produced the highest protein content in goat's milk. The heating time of 15 and 30 minutes produces goat's milk with the highest protein and pH levels and the most preferred taste.
547 A BOON TO HEALTHY LIVING THROUGH “SHIRA SRAVANA PADESHU ABYANGA” , Rekha B. V., Rini P.*, Venkatakrishna K. V. and Praveen Kumar D Chotagal Introduction: Dinacharya is a unique concept of Ayurveda where a single procedure like Abhyanga, a kind of Bhahyasneha helps to prevent multiple ailments. In the present scenario of busy lifestyle and hectic workload people find it difficult to practice their daily regimens. The regular application of oil on head, ears & foot are especially emphasized in Ayurvedic treatises. Shira is known as uttamanga which is the seat of indriya. Sravana is the vata stana& pada, the karmendriya used for gamana and is the body part which is continuously exposed with wind, dust etc hence rookshata of this body part is always higher than the others. Considering all these aspects oiling is needed to achieve snigdhata for the maintainanance of healthy life. Methods: Literature Review Discussion: The study tries to validate the statement “Shira Sravana Padeshu Tham Viseshena Seelayet” with modern interpretation.
548 IMPACT OF HIGH-ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION ON CAROTENOIDS AND PROLINE CONTENT OF ARACHIS HYPOGAEA (L) , Dr. M. Sreenivasulu* and T. Damodharam Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration leads environmental changes on the earth; it causes different alterations in plant growth and production. Groundnut is a very important edible oilseed crop raised mostly under rain fed situations worldwide. The present investigation was conducted during 2014-2015 in randomized controlled chamber at botanical garden in Sri Venkateswara University. To evaluate the effects of normal CO2 level and elevated concentration levels on Arachis hypogaea (L) with different concentrations of CO2 levels (400ppm, 600ppm, 800ppm,) to investigate the total carotenoids and total proline content was measured in days of 5th, 10th and 15th intervals. The results showed that in Arachis hypogaea (L) the elevated CO2 enhance the carotenoids and proline content significantly with increasing concentration of CO2.
549 CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SROTAS , *Dr. Suchetta Verma, Dr. Rjaesh Gupta and Chetan Deora The principles of Ayurveda are based on experimental studies of several years. Several Acharyas have tested these principles for many years and then these principles have got a place in Ayurvedic Samhitas. In our Samhita one of important principle is srotas. In Ayurveda, the concept of srotas has been propagated very specifically. Body is composed of numerous srotas, which have a significant role in the maintenance of the equilibrium of body elements. They are responsible for the maintenance of health as well as for the diseased condition. The srotas are derivatives or modifications of the pancha mahabhuta, especially aakasha mahabhuta. If considered physiologically, Srotas is the channel through which different elements undergo transformation, transmutation, circulation and transportation. The srotas is an integral part of the body, serving as a route to conduct or convey a substance from one place to other. Another concept of srotas is its microscopic description. Their functions include nourishment, circulation, excretion and reproduction. In brief, the concept of srotas includes microscopic, macroscopic, anatomical, physiological and pathological consideration. Charakacharya has laid more stress to understand and explain the srotas and their role in the maintenance and in health of bringing out a pathological condition. The term “srotas” finds mention in various other contemporary & prior literatures in various contents. It is beneficial to various instances of term usage for a better understanding In this reviewed article we will detailed discussion about srotas their types, importance, functions etc.
550 A PHYSIOLOGICAL STYDY OF SHUKRA DHATU SARATA: A LITERARY REVIEW , Ramakant Sharma* and Manish Kumar Sharma There are various types of Rogi Pariksha as described in Ayurveda which is mentioned for healthy persons too. Dhatu is very important, which is the stabilizing pillar of the body. The term Dhatu represents an element that is responsible for the formation of the basic structure of the body and because of their supporting properties they are called Dhatu. Sara is described in Dashvidh Aatur Pariksha by Acharaya Charaka. Sara is the purest part of Dhatu and the purest part of Shukra Dhatu is called Shukra Sara. It is almost the best Sara among all the Sara. Shukra Dhatu Sara provides maximum strength and stability to the individual in comparison to the essence of other Dhatu. In this study, we know about Shukra Dhatu, Shukravaha Srotas, Shukravah Kala and a detailed study about Shukra Sarata.
551 RAKTA STAMBHANOPAYAS IN SHALYA VYADHIS , Dr. Kavya V.* and Dr. Shailaja S.V. Rakta is important constituent as it is considered as jeevana. It has the potential for pranadharana and major role in development of various organs Hence it should be protected by all means. Atyadhika raktasrava may become fatal,hence rakta stambhana upayas should be adopted. In Ayurveda chaturvida raktastambhana upayas is explained. Certain shalya vyadhis like agantujavrana, raktaja arshas, raktasrava is seen .A review of literature in this regard has been taken up in this article.
552 CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL: A REVIEW , Mojahidul Islam, Ankur Srivastava, Satendra Kumar and Navneet Kumar Verma* Foeniculum vulgareis a perennial, aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. The fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are ridged, aromatic and oblong or ellipsoid shaped. Originally indigenous to the Mediterranean region, it has now been naturalized and cultivated throughout the world and is universally known as fennel and by more than 100 other names. It was well-known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Chinese. Hippocrates and Dioscorides described it as a diuretic and Emmenagogue and to strengthen eyesight. The fruits are reputed as carminative, stomachic, diuretic, Emmenagogue and Galactagogue and to promote menstruation and facilitate birth. Fennel fruits contain carbohydrates, alkaloids, Phytosterols, phenols, tannins and flvonoids. They are also a rich source of dietary, protein, calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese. Pharmacologically, the fruits possess antioxidant, anti-inflmmatory, Gastro protective, estrogenic, Hepatoprotective and antithrombotic activities. This article reviews the use of fennel in medical practices in various parts of the world and reflects upon the scientific studies conducted and how they reconcile withitstraditional uses.
553 ADDITION OF SEDGES FOR AURANGABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA , Dr. Sudhir N. Solanke* Fimbristylis tomentosa Vahl. new distribution record Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India are described.
554 ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE USING AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR , *Dr. Divya Gupta The prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) is increasing these days. It is a very important risk factor for many diseases involving the cardiovascular system, renal system and neurological system. Usually the blood pressure of a person is measured routinely using the mercury sphygmomanometer and it is taken only once or twice. This reading of blood pressure is known as office or clinic blood pressure. But this casual blood pressure reading can not represent the whole day BP levels. Many of the patients can be misdiagnosed as hypertensives and many can be underdiagnosed. With recent advances, the use of ambulatory BP monitor (ABPM), which can measure the whole day and night BP levels, is becoming very important. The mean of the values recorded by ambulatory blood pressure monitor has a greater prognostic and therapeutic value as compared to the single clinic blood pressure value.
555 A REVIEW STUDY OF SADANGPANIYA IN JWAR CHIKITSA , Dr. Manish Kumar Sharma* and Ramakant Sharma In today's era, diseases are increasing rapidly and medical facilities are becoming expensive. In such a situation, diseases can be avoided through Ayurvedic remedies and at the same time, cheap treatment of many diseases is also available in Ayurveda. Fever is a minor disease but sometimes it takes terrible form. Allopathic has a lot of side effects of antibiotics and anti-pyretic due to which, in diseases like fever, Ayurveda should be preferred. Sadang-paniya is herbal medicine which is beneficial in fever as well as is very effective in burning, extreme thirst, fatigue. Fever is called Jwar in Ayurveda and Jwar is described in Ayurveda as a separate disease. In this article, along with Ayurvedic view of Jwar, Sadang-pania will study in detail.
556 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MANSHILADI DHUMA AND VASADI KWATH FOR MANAGEMENT OF ANURJATAJANYA TAMAK SWASA , *Dr. Priyanka Firoda and Dr. Sudesh Kumar Bhambu According to “State of World Allergy Report 2008: Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases” of World Allergy Organization (WAO), 150 million patients suffering from allergic asthma are a big and dark reflection of the health statistics worldwide1. In the last few years India being thickly populated and developing country has shown great enhancement in the allergic incidences. In the modern science anti-allergic drugs are prescribed for the management of allergy, but they are not safe and long lasting. Ayurveda can provide better replacement therapeutic measures to modern anti-allergic drugs in the light of eternal fundamental principles of management mentioned in Ayurveda, So that a safe and immuno-modulator formulation could be established as anurjata hara (Anti-allergic). The concept of Ayurveda is to good health and to cure the disease. To achieve this objective entire system can be divided into preventive medicine and curative medicine. Brief glimpse of preventive medicine can be over looked in svastha catuá¹£ka and of curative medicine in bheshaja catushka although description of both is confined to the entire saá¹hita. In Ayurveda Å›odhana, Å›amana and rasÄyana therapies are described in different types of diseases.
557 ORGANOLEPTIC AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROFILE OF TAKRA PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS , Vd. Ankita K. Patil* and Vd. Rupa S. Kadam Takra (Buttermilk) is a nutraceuticals product which is being used from centuries. Takra is a divine nectar (Amrita) on the earth as mentioned in Astang Hrudaya. It is a digestive tonic to all human beings. Takra is Tridosha shamaka by means of its gunas. Many Acharya's has stated different methods of preparation of Takra, according to quantity of water added in it while churning. This difference in method of preparation might show variations in their properties. This study aims to distinguish and determine the organoleptic, physiochemical properties of the takra prepared by different methods as mentioned in Shushrut Samhita, Bhavaprakash Nighantu and Raj Nighantu. Takra was prepared with different methods and its Pharmacognostic evaluations was done. It was found that Takra is highly acidic in nature and no difference was found in the pH value of takra prepared by all the methods. Viscosity of Takra prepared by the method of Bhavaprakash Nighantu is high in range i.e. 39.150 Cps as compared to other methods.
558 SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM BARK EXTRACT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA VAR. LUTEA AND THEIR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY ON HELA CELL LINE: FTIR AND DLS ANALYSIS , Vibha Bhingradiya, Anjali Shukla and Dr. Nainesh Modi* Butea monosperma var. lutea (Papilionaceae) is differs from Butea monosperma var. monosperma in presence of ivory-white flower buds and bright yellow flowers. the synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Butea monosperma var. lutea bark extract, which is used at room temperature as both a reducing and capping agent. The mixture for the reaction after around 24 h, it turned brownish yellow clearly indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. The presence of stabilizing silver nanoparticles is shown by a larger DLS data of 46 nm. For nanoparticles, surface. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that the nanoparticles were capped with the compounds present in the plant extract. Moreover, these biologically synthesized nanoparticles have also shown an outstanding cytotoxic impact on HeLa cells line.
559 FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF SPITTING SPIDERS (SCYTODIDAE: ARANEOMORPHAE: ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) IN INDIA , Bindra Bihari Singh, *Rajendra Singh and Garima Singh The present article deals with the faunal diversity of spitting spiders (Scytodidae: Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories and provides an up-to-date checklist of these spiders based on the literature published up to February 5, 2021. It includes 14 species of spiders described under 2 genera in 20 states and 4 union territories, out of which 5 species are strictly endemic. In India, Scytodes Latreille, 1804 is the largest genus consisting of 12 species. The records demonstrated that only Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802) is widely distributed in 14 Indian states/union territories. Maximum 7 species of these spiders were recorded in Maharashtra followed by 6 species in Gujarat, 5 species in Tamil Nadu, 4 species each in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh, 3 species each in Assam, Hariyana, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Odisha and West Bengal. No spitting spider is recorded in Andhra Pradesh, Arunchal Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Sikkim and Telangana and need extensive survey research work for these spiders. Despite their role as insect predators and being crucial to the health of terrestrial ecosystems, none of the species of spitting spiders recorded in India is listed in IUCN Red List.
560 PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDISATION OF DAAMESHWARABHARA RAS:- AN AYURVEDIC HERO- MINERAL FORMULATION , Dr. Madhu Jangid*, Dr. Avadhesh Bhatt and Dr. Babulal Saini DA is an Ayurvedic herb mineral compound formulation mentioned in Bhaishjya Ratnawali and Bharat Bhaishjya Ratnakar in “Hikkaswasa Rogadhikar. In today era standardization is utmost necessary to confirm its identity and to determine its quality, purity, safety, effectiveness and acceptability of the product.The present study was executed to establish a fingerprint for this unique formulation, which can be adopted by the Ayurvedic pharmacies for drug standardisation. DA is a formulation prepared by as per standard operating procedures mentioned in classical text then it characterize by modern analytical techniques. DA main ingredient is Abharak Bhasma and nine ingredients sequentially used as Bhavana Dravya like Bharangi, Dattura, Giloya, Vasa, Kasmard, Vannimb (Bakayan), Chavya, Pippali, Chitraka. To ensure the proper preparation of main ingredient AB Ayurvedic classical test were used and analyzed using by modern parameter like Physio chemical test, element assay, XRD. After Bhamsa compiles these tests, DA was prepared and subjected for qualitative analysis like Physio- chemical analysis, HPTLC, microbial estimation and element essay. Element essay of DA and AB reveals that it contain Al, K, Fe, Mg, silica., XRD study was performed on AB that indicates AB contains ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, Alumina, Magnesium oxide and silica. Microbiological Analysis showed the total plate count was 140 cfu/g and total yeast & mold count was 40 cfu/g within specified limit as per API. HPTLC revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. This is the first study establishing the characterization of DA.
561 JOURNEY OF GOOD HEALTH STARTS FROM MICRONUTRIENTS & ENDS AT MACRONUTRIENTS , *Kushal Nandi, Saroni Saha, Pritam Bakshi, Sandip Sarkar, Shayari Dutta, Anamika Ranjan, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Beduin Mahanti and Dr. Dhananjoy Saha A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m may or may not be different from n). However, not all carbohydrates conform to this precise stoichiometric definition (e.g., uronic acids, deoxy–sugars such as fucose), nor are all chemicals that do conform to this definition automatically classified as carbohydrates (e.g. formaldehyde). The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide, a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, the smallest (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σÎ¬κχαρον (sákkharon), meaning "sugar". While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix –ose, which was originally taken from glucose (gluekos), and is used for almost all sugars e.g. fructose (fruit sugar), sucrose (cane or beet sugar), ribose, amylose, lactose (milk sugar) etc. Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5–carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g. ATP, FAD and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development. Carbohydrates are central to nutrition and are found in a wide variety of natural and processed foods. Starch is a polysaccharide. It is abundant in cereals (wheat, maize, rice), potatoes, and processed food based on cereal flour, such as bread, pizza or pasta. Sugars appear in human diet mainly as table sugar (sucrose, extracted from sugarcane or sugar beets), lactose (abundant in milk), glucose and fructose, both of which occur naturally in honey, many fruits, and some vegetables. Table sugar, milk, or honey are often added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam, biscuits and cakes. Cellulose, a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of all plants, is one of the main components of insoluble dietary fiber. Although it is not digestible, insoluble dietary fiber helps to maintain a healthy digestive system by easing defecation. Other polysaccharides contained in dietary fiber include resistant starch and inulin, which feed some bacteria in the microbiota of the large intestine, and are metabolized by these bacteria to yield short–chain fatty acids. Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transportin molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds [–NH–CO–] and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code.
562 CONCEPT OF TRIVIDHA KARMA W.S.R TO POORVA KARMA IN SHALYA TANTRA VYADHIS , Dr. Vidyashree G.* and Dr. S. V. Shailaja In Ayurveda the 3 phases of Surgical procedure explained in the name of Trividha karma namely, Poorva karma or Preoperative measures, Pradhana karma or Operative procedures, Paschat karma or postoperative care.[1] Karma refers to all the procedures and also indicates the timing of the surgical operations. Every shastra karma has definite Preoperative procedure called as Poorva karma, Operative procedure called as Pradhana karma, Postoperative procedure called as Paschat karma. The word Poorva karma means a former action. The therapeutic procedure which are adopted before the commencement of Pradhana karma. Pradhana karma is the second step under Trividha karma. It refers to therapeutical or surgical procedures. Paschat karma indicated the measures taken after the therapeutical or surgical procedure. The vyadhis which are treated using Yantra, Shastra, Kshara and Agni are known as Shalya tantra vyadhis.[2]
563 QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ESTIMATION AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA LINN. , *Apampa, S.A, Shittu, A.M and Musa, H.R. Natural products of plant origin offer a vast resource of newer medicinal agents with potential in clinical applications. Euphorbia heterophylla is an herb and belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is an important and widely used medicinal plant especially in the treatment of fungi. This study aims to analyse the quantitative phytochemicals and proximate chemical composition of the whole plant of E.heterophylla using standard methods. The quantitative phytochemical constituents was separately analysed in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous fractions in order of increasing polarity. The results indicated that phenol has the highest percentages in the overall quantitative phytochemical estimation as shown in the aqueous (12.30± 0.70%), methanol (11.20± 0.20%) and n-hexane (9.65±2.35%) fractions. This was followed by tannin with percentages of (10.00± 0.20%), (9.00± 0.50%) and (7.00± 0.00%) in aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The lowest percentages of the quantitative phytochemical estimation were recorded in saponin n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions with values of (0.50± 0.05%) and (0.80±0.00%) respectively. This was replicated in the values obtained from the alkaloid ethyl acetate and methanol fractions and flavonoid n-hexane fraction with each having a percentage of (1.00± 0.00%). The presence of these bioactive compounds is an indication of its therapeutic uses. The moisture content was higher in the fresh plant sample (83.06±2.42%) and lower in the dried plant sample (11.74±1.91%). Also, the carbohydrate content in the dried plant sample was higher (75.92±0.81%) and lower in the fresh plant sample (10.74±1.82%). The ash content, fat, protein and crude fibre all varies accordingly from the fresh to the dried plant sample which further confirms its application in medicine.
564 DISTRIBUTION OF SPARASSIDAE (ARANEOMORPHAE: ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) IN INDIA , Prof. Rajendra Singh* The present article deals with the faunal diversity and distribution of one of the spider family Sparassidae (Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida), commonly known as huntsman spiders, giant crab spiders, wood spiders, rain spiders or lizard-eating spiders, in different Indian states and union territories and provides an update checklist based on the literature published up to February 18, 2021. It includes 94 species of spiders described under 19 genera in 24 states (except Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Nagaland and Telangana) and 6 union territories (except Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu), out of which 63 species are endemic. Five species were considered to be erroneous report. In India, Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 is the largest genus consisting of 26 species followed by Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (21 species) and Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (14 species). The records demonstrated that only 8 species of these spiders are widely distributed: viz. Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767) (in 20 Indian states and union territories); Olios milleti (Pocock, 1901) (in 14 Indian states); Olios tener (Thorell, 1891) (in 12 Indian states); Heteropoda sexpunctata Simon, 1885 and Spariolenus tigris Simon, 1880 (each in 11 Indian states); and Heteropoda leprosa Simon, 1884, Heteropoda nilgirina Pocock, 1901, and Heteropoda phasma Simon, 1897 (each in 11 Indian states). Maximum 27 species of these spiders were recorded in Tamil Nadu followed by 25 species in West Bengal, 22 species in Kerala, 20 species in Uttarakhand, 17 species each in Gujarat, Karnataka and Maharashtra, 16 species in Assam, 13 species Uttar Pradesh, and less number of species are recorded in other states. Despite their role as insect predators and being crucial to the health of terrestrial ecosystems, none of the species recorded in India is listed in IUCN Red List.
565 INSIGHT TO BHINNA VRANA W.S.R TO STAB INJURIES , Dr. Manoj D. C.* and Dr. S. V. Shailaja Sushrutha, the ancient surgeon has explained various types of Vranas including its management. Vrana is the one which does break in the skin. Sadyovrana is caused due to external trauma which is of 8 types. Bhinna vrana, one among the Sadyovrana, is a result of injury to the Koshta (internal organs) by shrap instuments. Wound is defined as „Breach in the continuity of skinâ€Ÿ. Stab wound is produced by a narrow or pointed object such as knife, dagger, chisel, sword, sickle. Management of the same is similar in both Ayurveda & Contemporary sciences. The present paper attempts to know the concepts & management of Bhinna vrana w.s.r to Stab injuries.
566 ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS OF THE STRONG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTITIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS , *Dr. Amer Abdulkarim Abdul Rahman, Dr. Mina Hasan Auda, Dr. Ali Abid Hawiya and Dr. Zainab Saad AL-Gherany Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis both are the most prevalent diseases among adults and older individuals worldwide. The correlation between these two diseases has also been well established. However, the awareness among diabetics for their increased risk of periodontitis is still lacking. The aim of present study was to assess the awareness of the strong relation between type Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis among patients with diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was carried out by filling out the self-designed questionnaires by the researcher. The participants were diabetic individuals and all were registered as diabetics at Al Karama Specialized Dental Center- Al-Karama teaching hospital-Baghdad /Iraq. The study included (60) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that diabetic individuals are not aware of having increased risk for periodontitis. Also, the diabetic patients are not being informed by their physicians regarding their higher risk of developing dental problems as compared to non-diabetic individuals. It can be concluded that for better interdisciplinary understanding and comprehensive treatment for patients, it is essential for physician to understand the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus to provide appropriate assessment and management of health care needs of these patients
567 SOCIAL MEDICINE: WHY NOT NOBEL PRIZE? , Dr. Byong-Hyon Han, Ph.D* Social Medicine: Why Not Nobel Prize? Heidegger says, “existence is first.” Sartre argues, “l'existence précède l'essence.” „Social Medicine(SM) precedes a drug.â€Ÿ This is a key proposition for <Therapy of Social Medicine(2015)> written by Byong-Hyon Han. In this COVID-19 era, No.1 SM is social distance. No.2 is mask. And No.3 is hand washing water. Today, what saves mankind from this pandemic is the idea and practice from 'Therapy of Social Medicine.' Such being the case, compared with mordern philosophy and drug, SM is worthwhile to win the Nobel Prize as a really new medicine to save us.
568 OVARIAN FIBROMA IN A PATIENT WITH MAYER-ROKITANSKY SYNDROME: A CASE OF REPORT , Oumaima Mhamdi*, Amina Lakhdar, Aziz Baydada, Najia Zeraidi and Aicha Kharbach Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome and ovarian fibroma are two uncommon and very rare diseases. The combination of the two of them is even more exceptional. MRKH syndrome is defined by a complete or not aplasia of the uterus and the vagina in a woman with no medical history that can affects infertility but doesn’t increasethe risk in ovarian pathology. Here we report the case of a 39 years old woman with primary amenorrhea who was admitted for an acute pain and the MRI reveals an association between MRKH syndrome and ovarian fibroma confirmed by surgery and histological study.
569 ANALYSIS OF APPENDECTOMY OUTCOMES AND CORRELATION OF ITS DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES AND INTRA-OPERATIVE FINDINGS , Dr. Weam Rashad Ismail* Appendicitis is the most common surgical disease with appendectomy being the traditional treatment of choice. Different operative procedures exist for appendectomy. This retrospective study aimed to correlate the different diagnostic features of acute appendicitis (AA), and correlate different intra-operative findings during appendectomy and to analyze the operative outcome in the follow-up period. The current study was done during the period from January 2019 to June 2020 in the Department of surgery, Al-Shahid Al-Sadr Hospital-Baghdad/Iraq on 150 operative patients who were analyzed with AA as diagnosis. Choice of appendectomy, whether laparoscopic or open, was based on clinical judgment of operating surgeon. Results showed that out of 150 patients, 110 and 40 were operated via open and laparoscopic approach respectively. The most common symptom was pain in right iliac fossa (96.7%), 16.7% had perforation, while 27.3% had inflamed appendix. Histopathological assessment showed that 9.3% and 2.7% had suppurative and gangrenous appendicitis respectively. In addition, 20.0% of the open cases were reported with Surgical Site Infection (SSI). No SSI was reported in the laparoscopic group. Post-operative duration for open and laparoscopic appendectomy was 5.3 ± 1.1 and 3.5 ± 1.2 minutes (P = 0.479) and was not found to be statistically significant. It can be concluded from our study that open appendectomy is considered safe and effective but associated with complications such as ileus, intestinal obstruction, wound sepsis etc. Laparoscopic appendectomy with high accuracy and low complication rate has emerged as the modus operandi for treatment of AA.
570 HEPATO-NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ELEUSINE INDICA (LINN) GAERTN. (POACEAE) AGAINST GENTAMICIN-INDUCED HEPATIC AND RENAL TOXICITY IN RAT , Tchoupou Tchinda Huguette, Ngueguim Tsofack Florence, Gounoue Kamkumo Raceline, Aboubakar Oumarou Bibi Farouck, Bella Ndzana Martin Thierry and Dimo Theophile* Eleusine indica is traditionally used in Cameroonian folk medicine to treat several diseases including renal and hepatic disorders. The present study was to evaluate hepato-nephroprotective effects of Eleusine indica aqueous extract against gentamicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rat. Rats were divided into control group and experimental group. Control group was pretreated intraperitoneally (ip) with saline 0.9 % (1 mL/100 g) during 10 days, while experimental group was pretreated by administration of gentamicin (ip route) at the dose of 100 mg/kg during 10 days. Animals of experimental group were then subdivided into four groups treated during twenty consecutive days as follow: control group: rats were treated with 0.9 % NaCl ip, negative group: rats were receiving gentamicin (100 mg/kg), positive group: rats were receiving gentamicin and aspirin (80 mg/kg), extract group I and II: rats were receiving gentamicin and Eleusine indica aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg). The effects of Eleusine indica aqueous extract were evaluated after 30 days on liver, kidney and antioxidant parameters by colorimetric method. Histopathological examination of rat liver and kidney was done. Gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity by significant elevation in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum levels of total bilirubin, total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG) and LDL, with significant reduction of HDL as compared to control rats. Nephrotoxicity was evidenced by elevation in serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and potassium (K+), with significant reduction of sodium (Na+) as compared to control rats. MDA and nitrites levels were significantly increased in gentamicin-injected group, while catalase and SOD activities and GSH level were significantly decreased as compared to control rats. The histopathologic studies of liver of rats injected with gentamicin revealed leucocytic cells infiltration, fibrosis and dilatation of sinusoidal capillaries, while kidneys showed fibrosis, leucocytic cells infiltration. Eleusine indica aqueous extract has corrected various modifications of biochemical and oxidative markers evaluated. This study shows that Eleusine indica aqueous extract can correct gentamicin-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats and attenuates liver and kidneys damages caused by gentamicin injection and oxidative stress.
571 ENDOMETRIOSIS IN EPISIOTOMY SCAR: ABOUT A CASE , *Safaa Fajri, Zakaria Bousada, Ayoub Amghar, Houssain Bouffetal, Sakher Mahdaoui and Naima Samouh External endometriosis is an ectopic localization of tissues whose morphological and functional characteristics are those of the endometrial mucosa. Diagnosis is relatively easy in women between 20 and 40 years of age with catamenial symptoms. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to diagnose parietal endometriosis. The treatment of these lesions is based on surgical excision.
572 PARIETAL ENDOMETRIOSIS IN ABDOMINAL WALL: REPORT OF EIGHT CASES , *Safaa Fajri, Ayoub Amghar, Houssain Bouffetal, Sakher Mahdaoui and Naima Samouh Parietal endometriosis is a rare clinical entity, occurring after gynecological, obstetrical or abdominal surgery. Sometimes it is primitive. The etiopathogeny remains unclear. Material and method: We report eight cases of abdominal parietal endometriosis occurring in seven cases on laparotomy scars and in one case in a primitive way. Discussion and conclusion: Clinical features include swelling and pain that is rhythmic with the menstrual cycle, but this picture is rarely complete. Medical imaging is of little assistance. Only histological examination of the surgical specimen will confirm the diagnosis. Surgical treatment is based on the complete removal of the lesions must be large enough to avoid any recurrence.
573 PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AGAINST DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY, BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MALE MICE , Hesham Y. El-Zorba, Ekram S. Ahmed, Shenouda M. Girgis*, Hossny A. H. El Banna, Mahrousa M. Hassanane and Dina M. Derbala Doxorubicin (DXR) is a chemotherapy drug for malignant tumors. However, its clinical utility is limited by severe genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, DNA damage and free radical stress. In this study, the protective role of Calendula officinalis extract (COE) against Doxorubicin (DXR) induced genotoxicity, biochemical and histopathological changes has been evaluated in male albino mice. We have evaluated the protective effects of Calendula officinalis 70 % ethanolic extract on cytogenetic, DNA damage, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by DXR administration in male mice. Swiss albino male mice were divided into six groups for sub-acute treatment (daily for 14 consecutive days) before euthanasia. The 1st group served as negative control. The 2nd group served as positive group and received DXR (16 mg/kg bw) on day 15 of treatment. The 3rd group received COE (250mg/kg bw by gavage) for 14 days and 0.9% NaCl on day 15. The 4th group received COE (250mg/kg bw) for 14 days and DXR (16mg/ Kg bw) on day 15. The 5th group received COE (500mg/kg bw) for 14 days and 0.9% NaCl on day 15. The 6th group received COE (500mg/kg bw) for 14 days and DXR (16mg/ kg bwip) on day 15. Chromosomal abnormalities of both germ and somatic cells, formation of micronuclei (MNs) in bone marrow cells in male mice. As well DNA damage, biochemical and histopathological changes have been determined. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in both somatic and germ cells, percentages of DNA damage and in the frequencies of micronucleated cells in all groups received COE and/or DXR, especially with the high dose of the extract (500mg/kg bw) compared to DXR treated group only. The administration of COE 14 days prior to DXR injection induced significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine but increase in albumin level in both concentrations (250,500 mg/kg bw) when compared to DXR only injected group. Histopathological observations revealed that DXR-intoxication resulted in massive structural and functional impairment of liver, kidney and spleen. However, oral administration of COE significantly attenuated DXR-induced oxidative damage in these specimens. In conclusion, its important to use a protective agent possess multiple pharmacological activities such as COE to prevent toxicities induced by DXR and this may be mediated by its potent antioxidant effects.
574 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA , Dr. Mayank Sharma* and Dr. Ashok Kumar Dwivedi Pain is a topic of great concern in the field of medical science. Pain may present itself as a symptom of an underlying problem or may sometimes be a cause of a person’s visit to a physician. This has always been a topic not to be overlooked whether ayurveda has an instant as well as permanent remedy for different types of pain. The need is to have a deep study of the subject for welfare of society. Basic principles as explained in ayurveda explain the vitiated vata (vayu dosha) to cause shoola either alone or accompanied by other dosha, as it is the one that controls the naadivah samsthan. Also, the treatment and pathya-apathya varies in different types of shoola. This review is an attempt to summarize the various aspects of pain and its management according to ayurveda.
575 THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM AND THE VARIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE THROUGHOUT DAY AND NIGHT , *Dr. Divya Gupta The biological processes and functions fluctuate at regular intervals in time which is known as the circadian rhythm of the body, such as the sleep wake cycle, the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP), the body temperature cycle, etc. These circadian rhythms are under direct control of the bilateral paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) which are situated in the hypothalamus. There are various peripheral clocks which work in coordination with the central clock for maintaining and regulating the normal circadian timing of the body. These peripheral clocks comprise of the peripheral tissues and some organs and these in turn are regulated by the central circadian clock, i.e., the SCN. At the molecular level, there is presence of clock genes which are involved in mediating the final output of both of these central and peripheral circadian clocks. These circadian rhythms have accuracy in their timing and the factors promoting this accuracy are the various environmental time signals, the most important of which is the normal light dark cycle or the day night cycle. These circadian rhythms are very important for the normal functioning of all the bodily processes. The blood pressure also varies and follows a certain characteristic pattern during the twenty four hour period which is very essential for the normal cardiovascular health.
576 PRATISHYAYA AS A RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTION- A LITERARY REVIEW , *Dr. Pooja Tomer, Prof. Mithilesh Verma, Dr. M. N. Gupta and Dr. Laxmi Respiratory infections are common disease and one of the major complaints in children. Children are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems and genetic factors (such as family history)and environmental factors (such as exposure to pollution and pathogens) also render certain age groups of children more vulnerable to infection. Pratishyaya is one of the simple and recurrent conditions frequently encountered in day to day practice and it is also a symptom of various diseases of respiratory system. Recurrent attacks of these problems may lead to adverse effects in the routine activities of the children. According to the site, respiratory infections are divided into two categories, i.e. Upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and lower respiratory tract infections. The most common and first symptom of the respiratory diseases are cold and cough irrespective of the causative organism. Respiratory diseases such as Sinusitis, Common cold, Rhinitis, Influenza, pharyngitis, laryngitis are according to Ayurveda can be included under the heading of Pratishyaya.[4] due to the nidana sevana Vata, pitta, kapha singly or together, as also rakta, having accumulated in the region of the head and getting vitiated due to several aggravating factors give rise to the disease pratishyayaRegarding the treatment of Pratishyaya, the following are the considerations postulated by different Acharya. During the Treatment we kept in mind are the dosha dushti and the sthan vikruti involved in the pratishyaya which need a special attention while deciding the line of treatment so that the disease is totally cured and there is no recurrence.
577 METHANE MITIGATION IN LIVESTOCK: A TOOL TO FIGHT BACK CLIMATE CHANGE. , F. Rahman, I. A. Baba* and I. U. Sheikh 14.5% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are contributed by livestock industry. Cows contribute more to climate change in a year than cars do in the same amount of time because cows produce methane and cars carbon dioxide. Methane is 21 times more potent GHG than carbon dioxide. Enteric fermentation and manure from ruminants represent 30-40% of total anthropogenic methane emissions. Methane yield is not only harmful to global environment but also leads to loss of gross energy intake, the energy that otherwise could be used by the animal for production. This paper summarizes various methods for mitigating methane emissions from ruminant animals given emphasis to dietary manipulation and supplementation, selecting and breeding livestock of high genetic potential for production traits and low methane emissions per unit of product. Ionophores such as monensin have been used for increasing production and reducing methane emissions in beef and dairy industry. Manipulating rumen by defaunation can be done using natural feed additives such as plant secondary metabolites or chemical agents. Grass land management and reducing stocking density are other strategies that could be employed to improve the condition of degraded pastures and increase overall productivity. Vaccinating ruminants against methanogenic archae of rumen is a comparatively new technique in the field of methane mitigating strategies. There is a need of providing relevant information to the producers about adopting various methane mitigating techniques in their farming systems and management practices to reduce methane yield per unit product and mitigate climate changes.
578 ANALYSIS OF WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS WITH MADHYAMA ROGAMARGA IN AYURVEDIC LITERATURE , Dr. Rekha B. V MD (Ayu)PhD, PGDND, Dr. Sufal Pious* and Dr. Venkatakrishna K.V MD(Ayu) Introduction: Work related Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or disorders of musculoskeletal system resulting from repeated exposure to various hazards or risk factors in the work place. The musculoskeletal system includes all muscles, bones, tendons, sheaths, ligaments, bursa, blood vessels, joints, intervertebral discs etc. According to Ayurveda the musculoskeletal system comprises Asthi (bones), Peshi (muscles), kandara (tendons), Snayu (ligaments), Sandhi (joints), Sira (veins), Dhamani(arteries) and Nadi (nerves). The disorders occurring in the musculoskeletal system coincides with Madhyama Rogamarga. Methods: literature Review. Discussion: The study tries to analyze work related musculoskeletal disorders and its relevance with Madhyama rogamarga in Ayurvedic literature.
579 CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON ROLE OF RAKTAMOKSHANA IN SHALYA TANTRA VYADHIS , Dr. Girish Desai*, Dr. Vishwanath Sharma and Dr. S. V. Shailaja Raktamokshana is one of the important procedures carried out in various Shalya tantra vyadhis. Raktamokshana is a type of Shodhana concerned with the removal of Dushita rakta. Pracchana and Siravyadha are types of Sashastra Raktamokshana whereas Jaloukavacharana, Shrunga, Alabu are types of Ashastra Raktamokshana. Raktamokshana is indicated in various Shalya tantra vyadhis like Dushta vrana, vranashotha, Granthi, Arshas, Vidradhi and Kshudra rogas like Indralupta. It can also be used in various other conditions. Procedure, probable mode of action and importance of Raktamokshana in some common Shalya tantra vyadhis are discussed here.
580 A REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP ALONG WITH ITS MANAGEMENT DURING LOCKDOWN , *Dr. Jasmine, Dr. Muhit Khan, Dr. Rajanish Meti, Dr. Swapnil C.R., Dr. Aboli Patil The health and pleasure of human life is mainly depend on the balance of the psychosomatic balance of the humors. There is mass promotion and advertisement about the measures to be taken for physical health, but very least concern and awareness campaigns regarding the psychological health. Interaction and communication is the core area of the social wellbeing, especially in children as there is due development of their social and adaptive skills. Hence, interaction with the peer groups is very essential part of daily routine of children. In certain situation where communication with peer groups was not found possible and emotional deprivation observed in children. Lockdown imposed globally during COVID 19 Pandemic is such situation. In present review it has been observed that there is dramatic changes in the situation of society and community. These changes lead to the disturbances in behavior pattern of the children, in the form of anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety etc. The different patterns are observed in different children due to difference in their socioeconomic pattern, and cultures as well as geographical distribution. Hence, treatment or prevention with different measure is like make them engage and motivate them through different stories, games, devotional stories etc. is find to be highly beneficial in this situation. This article is an attempt to highlight the importance of the children’s mental health and application of different measures to prevent mental illness in present and in future also.
581 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY , Dr. Ashwin P. V.* Diabetes is a major health problem that approaching epidemic proportions globally. With staggering increase in diabetes world wide, the incidence of retinopathy, a common microvascular complications of Diabetes is expected to rise to disquieting levels. Diabetic retinopathy is blood vessel damage in retina that happens as a result of diabetes and is potentially a blinding complication of Diabetes mellitus. Ayurveda, well perceived for its role in preventing the disease, but as such there is no direct correlation for this condition. The reference of “Netra upadeha” as mentioned in Charaka samhita can be considered. As the associated costs due to diabetes related complications are a global health concern and as there is pyramiding of the numbers, concerted effort is needed to be taken up to tackle the condition & thus hamper the progression of Prameha to loss of vision.
582 AYURVEDIC TREATMENT MODALITIES OF SHEETPITTA, UDARDA AND KOTHA: A CLASSICAL REVIEW , Dr. Pooja Soni*, Dr. Rita Singh and Dr. Sanjay Srivastava Sheetpitta, Udarda and Kotha mentioned in Madhava Nidana immediately after Kushtha roga these disease are also manifested in skin. Sheetpitta is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms like Varteedashtavat Shotha, Kandu, Toda being caused or aggravated by exposure to cold or even moist wind. Skin diseases are a major health problem in all age group and are associated with significant morbidity. Treatment failure rate is extremely high in the management of skin disease in primary care scope. Ayurveda has better treatment for the skin diseases as compared to other medical science.
583 GMOs: THE WONDER OF 21ST CENTURY , *Kushal Nandi, Saroni Saha, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Dhananjoy Saha A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms. Genes have been transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. New genes can be introduced, or endogenous genes can be enhanced, altered, or knocked out. Many objections have been raised over the development of GMOs, particularly their commercialization. Many of these involve GM crops and whether food produced from them is safe and what impact growing them will have on the environment. Other concerns are the objectivity and rigor of regulatory authorities, contamination of non-genetically modified food, control of the food supply, patenting of life and the use of intellectual property rights. Although there is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, GM food safety is a leading issue with critics. Gene flow, impact on non-target organisms, and escape are the major environmental concerns. Countries have adopted regulatory measures to deal with these concerns. There are differences in the regulation for the release of GMOs between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe. Key issues concerning regulators include whether GM food should be labeled and the status of gene-edited organisms.
584 INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM FOR DOUBLING THE FARMERS INCOME- A REVIEW , *I. U. Sheikh, M. T. Banday, A. A. Khan, I. A. Baba and S. Adil In India there are 115 million operational holdings and about 80 % are marginal and small farmers. The ever increasing population leading to decline in per capita availability of land in the country creating practically no scope for horizontal expansion of land for agriculture. Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating farming components requiring lesser space and time and ensuring reasonable returns to farm families. Because of the shortfall of traditional farming system, it is no longer able to fulfil the requirement of the farmer. Shrinkage in net cultivable area due to increasing population, rapid urbanization, increased environmental pollution and green house gases. Increasing cost of production due to shortage of feed/fodder. Low farm income due to traditional practices. These problems can be overcome by Integrated Farming System instead of monoculture. Because in IFS “there is no waste”, and “waste is only a misplaced resource which can become a valuable material for another product”.
585 PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESSES OF LAUHA BHASMA AND AMALAKI GHANA , Dr. Pratibha Sharma*, Dr. Pankaj Sharma and Dr. Manisha Singla Rasashastra, the unique Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics which deals with the preparation of drugs from metals, minerals, poisonous herbal drugs and animal products. In their crude form these drugs are rarely administered but after combining with a number of substances through various pharmaceutical processes like Shodhana, Bhavana, Marana which transform these into a convenient dosage form that can be easily administered and assimilable to human body. These fundamental principles do not include only the drug manufacturing and enhancement of medicinal properties but also include drug dispensing to the patient in most suitable, attractive and palatable form. Due to increased global response towards Ayurvedic system of medicine there is increased demand of Ayurvedic preparations. It is a need of the hour and also a big challenge for manufacturing units of Ayurvedic drugs to produce Ayurvedic drugs with high standard quality, effective, genuine and safe drugs. So, the present study is done to introduce a standard operating procedure for preparation of Lauha Bhasma and Amalaki Ghana and also to validate the processes of Shodhana,Bhavana and Marana of Lauha and Ghana preparation of Amalaki.
586 GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDY IN FORAGE OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) FOR GREEN FODDER YIELD , Yogendra Prasad, Kamleshwar Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Sunil Kumar and Sanjay Kumar* Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a multi-purpose winter cereal forage crop grown in many parts of the world. In India, it is used as green fodder, hay and silage for animals. The experimental material for present study consisted of 14 diverse for the presence genotype of oat. Observations were recorded on seven quantitative traits to assess the variability and diversity analysis using D2 analysis during Rabi 2018-19 at RVC Farm, BAU, Kanke (Jharkhand). Estimates of high heritability (broad sense) were obtained for all the characters. The magnitude of PCV was greater than the corresponding GCV for all the characters indicating importance of environment in the expression of characters on the basis of result. Out of seven characters studied, days to 50 % flowering, plant height (cm), dry matter yield per plot, dry matter yield (%), green fodder yield (kg/plot), Leaf/Stem ratio and Crude Protein (%) showed high GCV and heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean which revealed that these traits might be under control of additive gene effects and therefore, they are more reliable for effective selection. Clustering pattern grouped the germplasm lines into six different clusters. Cluster VI is characterized by lines having prominent traits like high green fodder yield and tall plants. Contribution percentage towards genetic divergence was more for days to 50% flowering (40.66), Crude Protein % (23.08), Plant height (13.19 cm), Green fodder yield (13.19 kg/ha) and Leaf/Stem ratio (6.59). So the direct selection for these traits would be helpful in the selection of diverse for the presence genotype. This study gave an insight into the variability pattern of advanced oat lines which will be helpful for further utilisation.
587 SOIL TRAP CULTURE OF AM FUNGI ASSOCIATED IN DENDROCALAMUS SPECIES FROM WADALI, AMRAVATI (M.S.) , K. G. Wankhade, Dr. R. C. Maggirwar* and S. P. Khodke Among the microbial communities Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) forms symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species and the major effect of AMF infection on host plants is enhanced nutrient mobilization. Bamboo is called as “Green Gold” because it has endless uses. It is the versatile forest produce, and also one of the most important renewable natural resources which have capability to produce maximum biomass as compared to other forest plants and a vehicle to boost the rural economy in our country. Bamboo resources have considerably dwindled from the natural habitats due to exploitation, shifting cultivation, gregarious flowering and extensive forest fires. Therefore, system cultivation and their scientific management can ensure sustainable production. Hence, there is a need to take efforts for making bamboo a supplementary business for agriculture along with its conservation and nurturing. Most studies on bamboo have evaluated their commercial use but few have investigated their associated mycorrhizal fungi. To address scantiness of the mycorrhizal studies in bamboo, we have investigated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) distribution in three species of Dendrocalamus. Average AMF spore count was found to be 220 to 290, percent root colonization was 37.66 to 71.33%. The predominant strain of AMF associated with bamboo species was Glomus fecundisporum N.C. Schenck and G.S. Smith. The attempt has been made for the soil trap culture of this most dominant AMF species. It may be used to develop the monoculture and on large scale as a bio fertilizer. These results could be of potential interest to growers who wish to cultivate Bamboo species. The native most dominant and some other species of AMF can be taken into account in near future as bio fertilizer after its mass multiplication. Bamboo business will also prove financially beneficial for the farmers of Vidarbha region if it is of better quality and supplied with nature’s own bio fertilizer.
588 EFFECT OF NASYAKARMA IN HEADACHE ASSOCIATED WITH CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS- A CASE STUDY , Kalpana S. Wakode and *Nikita Sadashiv Deshmukh Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common degenerative, neurological conditions of the cervical spine by which a major part of population is affected. Apart from age, other risk factors for cervical spondylosis include occupations that may cause more stress on neck, certain neck injuries, incorrect posture while sitting or walking, smoking, excessive mobile use and genetic factors. Modern therapies such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, steroids, physiotherapies, and even operative procedures are not fulfilling the patients' goal of healthy life. Cervicogenic headache which may Be associated with cervical spondylosis can be easily overlooked in many patients. Headache of cervical origin is one of the most controversial and difficult procedure to perform. One of the headache that is most overlooked and misdiagnosed is cervicogenic.
589 GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) FOR GREEN FODDER YIELD AND ATTRIBUTING TRAITS , Yogendra Prasad*, Ravi Kumar, Kamleshwar Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Sunil Kumar and Surya Prakash Fifteen maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were evaluated for Genetic Diversity Studies at Forage Research Farm, RVC, Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi. The Experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. The genotypes were significantly different for all the characters, this indicates that there is scope for further genetic studies. All the genotypes were grouped in to four clusters. Cluster-I having the largest genotype (i.e seven genotypes), Cluster-IV having four genotypes, Cluster-II having three genotypes and Cluster-I having one genotype. The maximum contribution towards divergence was observed by Dry matter yield (49.52 %) followed by leaf /stem ratio (15.24 %), Crude protein (12.38 %), Dry matter yield (q/ha/day) (11.43 %), Days to 50 % flowering (9.95 %). The genotypes DMRH-1140, IIMRFH-17-1 and IMH-1527 were the most promising ones and their adaptation to the agro-ecological condition of Jharkhand. This can bring substantial increase in green fodder yield and crude protein (%).
590 PROPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN UROLOGICAL SURGERIES , Sara Shireen* and Zeenath Unnissa Background: Prophylactic anti-microbial is organization of an anti-microbial earlier to/or within the nonappearance of defilement of already sterile tissues or liquids. The utilize of antimicrobials for dirty and sullied methods isn't considered prophylaxis. Antibiotic prophylaxis is utilized to decrease the frequency of postoperative contaminations Anti-microbial prophylaxis reduces the frequency of surgical wound contamination. Rate of a surgical wound disease depends on various variables particular to either the method itself or the person persistent. Materials and methods: We have conducted a Prospection observational study, Litrature review. Discussion: From this study it can be revealed that among elective surgery done 84% received prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotic was given to 72% of clean wound 88.4% of clean contaminated wound,83.3% of infected wound and 25% of dirty wound. The results correspond with results in other studies done in the world which shows how the use of prophylactic antibiotic is inappropriate. Antibiotic usage in current surgical practice is often inappropriate, excessive, and chaotic. Antibiotic prophylaxis was given to clean wound but was not given in some clean contaminated wounds in which it was necessary. Antimicrobial use is a major determinant for the development of resistance and to optimize its effect in surgeries.
591 HYPERFERRITINEMIA: A PREDICTOR OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN COVID-19 INFECTION , Dr. Subhashini K and *Prof. Dr. P. Paranthaman. Aim: To study the levels of Serum Ferritin in predicting severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 270 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted and treated from July 2020 to November 2020 with relevant laboratory data. Results: Of the 270 patient records, studied 212 (78.5%) showed serum ferritin levels less than 1000 ng/ml, of which 7 patients (3.3%) required ICU care and 6 patients died (2.8%). In the range of S.ferritin of 1000-1999 ng/ml there were 47 patients (17.4%) of which 10 (21.2%) required ICU care and 2 died (4.2%). Serum ferritin levels of 2000 and more was found in 11 patients (0.04%), of which 7 required ICU care (63.6%) and 5 died (45.4%). Raised ferritin levels showed increased mortality and morbidity irrespective of other factors.
592 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF PRAPOUNDARIKADYA GHRITA AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION , Dr. Muhit Khan, *Dr. Jasmine, Dr. Hemant Toshikhane, Dr. Harish Daga Ayurveda is considered one of the most ancient and well-documented systems of medicine, and it is still significant today. India is recognised as the world's botanical garden because it is the world's biggest producer of medicinal herbs. In Ayurveda, the entire treatment is based on just four treatment pods: Bhishak, dravya, upasthata, and rogi. Chikitsa Chatushpada is another name for it. Dravya, also known as Aushada, is one of the four factors of Chikitsa Chatushpada, and it is ranked second. The wide range of knowledge regarding the drug is very essential to the Physician & Surgeon, because without the proper knowledge of the drug or aushda the patient cannot be treated properly. Ayurveda have a special branch of formulations and we formulate an Prapoundarikadya Ghrita mentioned in Shusruta Samhita, Bhaisajya Ratnavli, and Chakardatta Samhita that if we applied on dushta vrana than it will cure it. After preparation of Prapoundarikadya Ghrita, we have done the physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC analysis of drug for standardization of Prapoundarikadya Ghrita.
593 ANTIATHEROGENIC AND ANTIOXIDANT IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND NATURAL NANOPARTICLE HDL ON COPPER MEDIATED OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF LDL IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA SUBJECTS , Anchal Rana, Umar Farooq and Amir Khan* Chronic diseases are now the dominant contributors to the global burden of disease, and CVD is the largest contributor to the chronic disease cluster. Although CVD death rates are declining in most high income countries, trends are increasing in most low and middle income countries. The response-to-injury hypothesis explains atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory response to injury of the endothelium, which leads to complex cellular and molecular interactions among cells derived from the endothelium, smooth muscle and several blood cell components. Inflammatory and other stimuli trigger an overproduction of free radicals, which promote peroxidation of lipids in LDL trapped in the subendothelial space. Evidence is presented that natural nano-particle HDL and Omega-3 fatty acids have an antioxidant impact and prevent the peroxidation of lipids and thus are protective against the development of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase (PON) or arylesterase is a natural nanoparticle HDL associated enzyme that protects LDL as well as HDL from oxidative stress. The present study has shown that the formation of conjugated dienes was significantly decreased by 21.5% and 17.87% with respect to control after adding Omega-3 fatty acids and HDL respectively when LDL isolated from normal subjects was subjected to Cu++ mediated in vitro oxidative modification whereas this decrease was found to be 13.25 % and 12.82 % respectively when LDL isolated from hyperlipidemic subjects was subjected to oxidation. On the other hand the antioxidant power of plasma isolated from normal subjects increased by 54.28% and of plasma isolated from hyperlipidemic subjects increased by 69.81% after treatment with Omega-3 fatty acids. This increase was found to be 53.57% and 68.68% in plasma isolated from normal and hyperlipidemic subjects respectively, after treatment with HDL .A significant increase was observed in the antioxidant power of LDL also after in vitro treatment with Omega-3 fatty acids being 15.58% in normal subjects and 32.46% in hyperlipidemic subjects. Treatment with HDL also had a similar effect, increasing the antioxidant power of LDL isolated from normal subjects by 13.72% and that from hyperlipidemic subjects by 32.84%. The present study proves both of them effective antioxidants, Therefore, Omega-3 fatty acids can be used as a nutritional supplement to avoid the risk of cardiovascular diseases and natural nano-particle HDL can replace harmful drugs in the treatment of CVD.
594 A NEW DIMENTION IN DIETETICS – MATRAVAT AHARA , Dr. Shamna T. V.* and Dr. Venkatakrishna K. V. Introduction: „Ahara sambhavam vasthu rogasthu ahara sambhava:â€Ÿmentioned in Charaka Samhitha itself unwrap the importance of Ahara (food) in formation of healthy body. The concept of Ahara explained in Ayurveda canot be correlated with the concept of nutrition of contemporary science in all terms. The principles of Aahara, method of intake, quantity etc are incorporated in Vimanasthana (Third section) has its root in Suttra sthana (first section) of Charaka samhita. Even though there is Annapana chathushka (Group of four chapters dealing with food and drinks) separately mentioned in Charaka Samhitha, the Swastha chathushka (Group of four chapters dealing with health) starts with Matrashiteeya Adhyaya (Chapter on consuming food in proper quantity) which shows the importance of Matra pramana (proper quantity) of Ahara in maintaining the health - the prime aim of Ayurveda. Acharya Chakrapanidatta has tried to magnify the encapsulated keys with his insightful clinical observation for enhanced forward transmission of knowledge in such a way, which definitely explore various thoughts and applicability. The present paper attempts to gather the knowledge scattered in Sutra and Vimana sthana and investigate the elaborated meaning behind a single Sutra (aphorism) “MATRASHEE SYAT” of Sutrasthana 5th chapter to explore its significance. Materals and Method: Literature review. Conclusion: Matrapramana of food is individual based and it varies according to Agnibala of the person. Thus the food undergoes digestion within stipulated time without creating changes in the normalcy of body.
595 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF VARIOUS DRUG INTERACTIONS , Konda Ravi Kumar, B. Sai Keerthana* and Sura Srivardhini A drug interaction is a change in the action or side effects of a drug caused by concomitant administration with a food, beverage, supplement, or another drug. Drug interactions can have desired, reduced or unwanted effects. The probability of interactions increases with the number of drugs taken. The high rate of prescribed drugs in elderly patients (65-year-old patients take an average of 5 drugs) increases the likelihood of drug interactions and thus the risk that drugs themselves can be the cause of hospitalization. Drug interactions occur on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. Examples of pharmacodynamic interactions are simultaneous administration of a NSAID and phenprocoumon (additive interaction), or of aspirin and ibuprofen (antagonistic interaction). Pharmacokinetic interactions occur at the levels of absorption (e.g., levothyroxine and neutralizing antacids), elimination (e.g., digoxin and macrolides), and metabolism, as in the competition for cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g., SSRIs and certain beta-blockers).
596 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS GROWN IN SUDAN , Abdel Karim M.*, Iman M. I. and Inas O. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume com-monly grown in sub-Saharan Africa for food, cash, ani-mals’food, and as soil improver.[1] Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume com-monly grown in sub-Saharan Africa for food, cash, ani-mals’food, and as soil improver.[1] Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a legume which is cultivated worldwide. This plant is characterized by high protein and starch content. Phaseolus vulgaris possesses antioxidant activity. In this study Phaseolus vulgaris seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed the presence of 13 components. In the well diffusion bioassay the oil showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the yeast Candida albicans, However, the oil did not show any inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.
597 “KEEP LAUGHING KEEP GLOWING & GROWING” , Kushal Nandi, Saroni Saha, *Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Dhananjoy Saha It‘s fun to share a good laugh, but did we know it can actually improve our health? Let‘s us learn how to harness the powerful benefits of laughter and humor. Laughter is said to reduce the levels of stress hormone known as cortisol that lowers the metabolism rate and stores fat in the mid-section. Laughter tends to improve our metabolism naturally, which influences our body to burn more calories and lose weight. According to the study published in the journal Obesity, a big belly laugh uses about the same energy as walking more than half a mile. Laughing makes the heart beat faster and works many different muscles. Laughing is known as the best medicine; it sure isn't called one for no reason. Laughter is known to strengthen immunity system, boost mood, diminish pain and also help us lose weight. And no wonder it also helps form stronger bonds. World Laughter Day is also celebrated worldwide on the first Sunday of May every year. Laughter sure has the power to heal and repair and enhance over health-both physically and mentally. Here are some more benefits that laughter has to offer other than just losing weight.
598 MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING): THE INTERFACE BETWEEN NEUROIMAGING AND BRAIN MAPPING IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS , Sayani Maji, *Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Beduin Mahanti Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body. Most MRI machines are large, tube-shaped magnets. When you lie inside an MRI machine, the magnetic field temporarily realigns water molecules in your body. Radio waves cause these aligned atoms to produce faint signals, which are used to create cross-sectional MRI images — like slices in a loaf of bread. The MRI machine can also produce 3D images that can be viewed from different angles.
599 EVALUATING FOR SPECIFIC THROMBIN INHIBITORS IN MUSHROOMS , Rupali Rajiv Kumar and Koosh Pranav Asher* Thrombin is the key serine proteinase of the coagulation course and in this way an appropriate objective for hindrance of blood coagulation. Various pharmacologically dynamic optional metabolites from mushrooms have effectively been confined, along these lines giving the reasoning for evaluating for new thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms. In this examination, inhibitory exercises of mushroom removes on thrombin and trypsin were estimated utilizing the chromogenic substrates H-D-phenylalanine-L-pipecolyl-L-arginine-paranitroaniline dihydrochloride (S-2238) for thrombin and N-benzoyl-D, L-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) for trypsin. The inhibitory exercises of extricates from 95 Basidiomycete species have been resolved. Most of tests hindered trypsin and thrombin with different potencies; be that as it may, a few concentrates showed no action against either of the chemicals. A fluid concentrate of Gleophyllum odoratum displayed high inhibitory action on both thrombin and trypsin (72 and 60%, individually), while concentrates of Clitocybe gibba, Amanita virosa, Cantharellus lutescens, Suillus tridentinus, Hypoloma fasciculare and Lactarius badiosanguineus significantly hindered thrombin (49, 48, 36, 34, 32 and 31%, individually) and showed no inhibitory movement on trypsin. The outcomes now are promising for additional exploration with the target of tracking down a compelling and safe thrombin inhibitor.
600 A REVIEW ON RESPONSES OF POTATO TO MAJOR MACRO AND MICRO PLANT NUTRIENT , *Egata Shunka Tolessa Potato was considered as a food security crop in Ethiopia because of its high yielding potential, high nutritional quality, short growing period and wider adaptability. In area coverage, it is the second widely grown crop next to „Ensetâ€Ÿ (Ensete ventricosum L.). Its production is affected by many factors. Among these factors, optimum fertilizer application is the main factor degrading the productivity of the crop. Achieving optimum fertilizer application depends on the climate, soil, variety and availability of the water. This review was aimed to access all available fertilizer trials to point out the types of fertilizers soil is deficient in relation to potato crop response and needed additional application during production cycles for boosting yield. Almost all soils of arable lands of Ethiopia were deficient in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur(S). In addition, a larger part of arable land was deficient in N, P, S, and boron (B). Some landsâ€Ÿ soils require addition of either of potassium or zinc or both. Potato is requiring both macro and micro elements for high yield and better quality product. It is concluded that, most reviewed sources indicate that there was less recommendation concerning micro and macro elements for potato in the country in relation to the variable ecology of the country owned.
601 POTATO YIELD GAP, LATE BLIGHT AND ITS HOST PLANT IMPORTANCE , *Egata Shunka Tolessa Potato is one of the food security and income fetching crops of the Ethiopian farmers. It plays a great role in escaping hanger during summer where other cereals are leafy and not edible. Potato is a highly productive, short season crop, easily processed and ready for consumption. Its production and productivity are affected by abiotic and biotic factors. Late blight is one of the highly devastating biotic factors that occur all over the potato growing areas of the world. This late blight is a fungal disease that has rapid multiplications and dissemination. The main sources of inoculums are infected tuber seeds, host plants, and volunteer potato plants. The inoculums are transmitted from the infected part to other potato growing areas by the wind. Potato growing farmers should strictly remove the host plants from around potato growing land and volunteer potato plants from the field of previously potato is grown land to minimize the source of inoculums and mitigate the occurrences of the late blight. Farmers in Ethiopia are giving almost no attention for volunteers and even do not know what these hosts plant looks like. But the impacts of these sources are as great as a source of inoculums for late blight and causing the highest yield losses. The research center and Wereda experts should work on awareness creation especially on the host plant growing year-round and are sources of inoculums for late blight.
602 DETERMINATION OF HOW TO MINIMIZE POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS) , John Yao Afetsu, Philip Kwaku Dapaah and Clement Gyeabour Kyere* The study was carried out in the Ho Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana to determine how to minimize postharvest losses in oyster mushrooms. One hundred and eighty (180) pieces of freshly harvested mushrooms of uniform size and shape were used. A 3x2x2 factorial experiment was used for the study. The treatments were replicated three times. The factors consisted of three different packaging periods (0 hour, 12 hours and 24 hours), two different packaging materials (perforated polythene bags and opened transparent plastic bowls) and two storage environments (refrigerator and room temperature). Each sample was weighed daily with electronic weighing balance, in grams, to determine weight loss. Data gathered were analyzed using GraphPad Prism (version 4.0). Post-hoc Tukey test was conducted on all computed weight losses for all time-dependent treatments to identify significant interactions and differences between treatments. The study showed that oyster mushroom samples that were kept at room temperature lost more of their weights than replicates that had been stored in a refrigerator at 2-3 0C with 8-10 % relative humidity. Oyster mushroom samples that had been packaged into perforated polythene bags and stored in a refrigerator at 2-3 0C had longer shelf-lives than oyster mushroom samples kept in room (average temperature 30 0C with 61 % relative humidity). Packaging into perforated polythene bags immediately after harvest and stored in a refrigerator at 2-3 0C with 8-10 % relative humidity had longer shelf life of 8 days. Samples packaged 12 hours after harvest into perforated polythene bags and kept at room temperature of 30 0C with 61 % relative humidity had 3 days shelf life while samples packaged 24 hours after harvest into perforated polythene bags and kept at room temperature had 2 days shelf life. It is recommended that harvesting of mushroom should be done in the morning, packaged immediately after harvesting and stored under cool conditions.
603 GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPYA GROWN IN SUDAN , Abdel Karim M.*, Amin-Eldin E. and M. Alla Carica papya is a large perennial plant in the family Caricaceae. This plant is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its economic and medicinal importance. All parts of the plant are used as natural remedy against a wide array of ailments.In this study, the oil from Carica papya seeds has been analyzed by GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis showed 20 components. Major constituents are : i) 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (28.06 % ) ii)oleic acid (12.86%) iii) ethyl oleate(11.52 %) iv)hexadecanoic acid methyl ester(7.78%) v)stigmasterol (7.57%) vi)2-dodecen-1-yl(-) succenic acid anhydride (5.85%) and vii)gamma-sitosterol(5.40%). The antmicrobial activity of the oil has been assessed. At a concentration of 100mg/ml, The oil showed significant activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa .It also exhibited moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus beside weak anticandidal activity.
604 ROLE OF AYURVEDIC DRUGS USED IN MADHUMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS) , *Dr. Gursimran Kour, Dr. Ambika Bali and Dr. Sonika Angurana Diabetes mellitus is becoming fastest considerable disease in the world. India has been estimated with the fastest growing population of diabetes .It is a metabolic disorder which may result from deficiency or dysfunction of the insulin production The main causative factor is said to be sedentary life style and food habits. In Ayurveda it is described in vataja pramehas,[1] which can be manage conservatively with exercise,diet and some ayurvedic drugs showing anti diabetic effect The present review article was undertaken to explore anti diabetic effects of various ayurvedic drugs.
605 AYURVEDA AND YOGA THERAPY IN COVID 19 , *Dr. Ambika Bali, Dr. Gursimran Kour and Dr. Sonika angurana The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is unique and unprecedented in several aspects and has challenged health care systems. At present, the global momentum is unabated, and a second wave is anticipated. The experience and lessons learnt from the earlier severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics appear inadequate and call for better approaches and strategies in public health and medical care. Conventional mainstream medicine is at the forefront when it comes to curbing this menace, especially at the critical care stage. The current prophylactic measures are insufficient, and suggested options such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are still under investigation. The prophylactic and therapeutic potential of traditional and complementary medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Yoga is not really being considered during this crisis and global hunt for effective preventive and treatment measures. In this commentary, we have attempted to highlight the knowledge and practices from Ayurveda and Yoga that might be effectively utilized in the prophylaxis and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19. Several of our recommendations in this paper are driven by the emerging dynamics of the causative organism SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the unravelling of the pathophysiology of COVID-19. While we focus here on prophylaxis and the protection of vulnerable target organs, Ayurveda and Yoga as an add-on therapy may support patients of COVID-19 by improving the quality of standard care.
606 COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND THEIR MANAGEMENT , Nazish Rizwan, M. T. Banday, I. A. Baba*, A. Malik and A. Y. Wani Livestock continues to be an important sector which contributes 11% to GSDP of state. Livestock sector has important place in our state especially Kashmir as it’s having a hilly terrain and arable agriculture is not lucrative and farmers rear sheep and goats. Despite growth of livestock sector our state is short in animal protein requirement with availability of 256 lakh kg against requirement of 1200 lakh kg as per minimum requirements of MCI (Mir et al., 2016).There are many reasons for this deficit but one of the main reason being that only 4% arable land is under fodder cultivation in J&K, and total fodder production is 86.5 lakh tones, with greens accounting to 61.44 lakh tones, dry being 25.1 lakh tones. With respect to deficiency it’s observed that greens are 67% & dry 27.31% respectively (Ahmed et al., 2016).To counter this deficiency feeding resources available include CPR’s viz. pastures, highland pastures, pastures under forest etc, crop residues ,cultivated fodder and non conventional fodder resources. Amongst them forages are the major source of feed for livestock in the region, which are produced on pastures, meadows and a very little portion on cultivable land.
607 IMPORTANCE OF TRIMARMAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VASTI MARMA , *Priyanka Kashyap, Dr. Renu Tripathi, Dr. Ashok Kumar Dwivedi and Dr. Mini K. V. In the deep and vast sea of the knowledge of Ayurved, Marma is one of the exclusive and unique concept. Acharya Sushruta who belongs to the school of surgeons, had paid special attention on one hundred and seven (107) vulnerable points in the body called as “Marma”. Acharya Charak has dealt its clinical significance in “Trimarmeeya Chikitsa Adhyaya”& “Trimarmeeya siddhi Adhyaya” under three headings „Vasti, Hridaya and Shirâ€Ÿ. Even today we do not go beyond the excretory, cardiovascular and neurological status of the patient while assessing the prognostic status. A patient is regularly checked periodically for his urinary, heart and respiratory conditions. Charak has also stressed on these factors and identified Vasti, Hridaya & Shir as Trimarma which means the vital organs of the body, on mercy of which living body depends. In spite of mentioning the total number of marmas as 107, he focussed on explaining Trimarmas, and has given utmost importance to “Vasti”as marma by placing it among the three marmas of the body. Present paper is an effort made to compile and analyze references available in Ayurvedic texts and emphasizes on proper understanding of basic concept of Trimarma.
608 A RARE INCIDENTAL CASE OF IATROGENIC CUSHING’S SYNDROME DUE TO METFORMIN USAGE IN WOMAN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SINGLE CENTER SCREENING STUDY , Dr. K. Leela Prasad, Dr. Shaik Kareemulla, P. Tejaswini* and E. Kiranmai Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high circulating levels of cortisol. The most common cause of cushingoid features is iatrogenic corticosteroid use, while some herbal preparations can also increase circulating corticosteroid levels leading to Cushing syndrome. Actual incidence and prevalence of Cushing syndrome are not known. The best therapy of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome is to taper exogenous steroids. Chronic exposure to steroids can suppress the adrenals functioning and it can take several months for normal adrenal functioning to recover. On under-going clinical rotations in general medicine wards, we retrieve a case of 45 years old female patient presented with complaints of chest pain and headache, giddiness since 1 week, two episodes of vomiting, burning sensation in chest (epigastric region). Patients medical history was reported as shortness of breath since 20 years and current conditions were reported as hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Past medication history was reported as metformin for diabetes and amlodipine for hypertension since 10 years. Patient presented with events alopecia, weight gain, hearing impairment and fell down due to B/L-cataract while upon treatment with suspected drug metformin. Finally, patient was diagnosed with Metformin Induced Cushing Syndrome that was done depending upon casualty assessment between reported events and suspected drug is probable. However, further studies were warranted for establishing mechanism.
609 ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ELDERLY PEOPLES IN OLD AGE HOMES OF HOOGHLY DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA , Subha Bose Banerjee, Tanushree Das, Nirmal Pradhan and Kuntal Gupta* Nutrition is an important determinant of health in elderly population, where the malnutrition is associated with severe complications like decreased immunity, muscle wasting, decreased physical activities, increased risk of mortality and morbidity. The malnutrition in geriatric population is very common as because daily food consumption decreases usually with old age. So, the nutrition is the primary turning point in geriatric health and therefore nutritional screening or assessment is the key component in comprehensive geriatric evaluation. In parallel, the psychological impairment caused by depression, loneliness, insecurity, cognitive impairment and higher dependence are also to be considered as important factors of malnutrition. In consideration of the above fact, the present survey was performed from two old age homes in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India, on 50 elderly people of 60- 90 years age group for a period of three months considering both sexes irrespective of socio economic status and diseases following noninvasive questionnaire method. The present study revealed that few people (4%) were actually found to be malnourished, more than half of the population (56%) was at risk of malnutrition. Since, depression scores were also found to be significantly correlated with the nutritional status, more than half of the subjects (66%) were also found to be suffering from depression of different grades. Also the proportion of severely depressed females was found to be significantly higher than the male subjects. Therefore, early nutritional intervention should be implemented especially to those who were „malnourishedâ€Ÿ or „at riskâ€Ÿ. So, the nutritional development would improve the depression status of the elderly people and the residents of the homes will brought to the main stream of life again.
610 INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF FISHER FOLKS IN MANAGING THE OCEAN STATE CONDITIONS, WEATHER VARIABLES AND FISH AVAILABILITY – A STUDY FROM TAMIL NADU AND UNION TERRITORY OF PUDUCHERRY , Dr. Velvizhi S.*, Thamizhazhagan E., Suvitha D., Mubarak Ali A., Arokiya Kevikumar J. and Lourdessamy Meleappane C. This paper explores indigenous traditional knowledge of fisher folks in changing climatic conditions, weather variables and fish availability in the coastal fishing villages of Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Puducherry. A combination of questionnaires, semi structured interviews with key informants and focus group discussions were carried outto collect the required data. The study found that the fisher folk based on their experiences gained over the years maintained some important traditional knowledge in predicting ocean conditions, abnormalities and availability of fish resources. Thislocal or traditional knowledge can have significant implications for scientific research in strengthening and management of ocean advisory system and forecasting the potential fishing zone informations. Incorporation of indigenous traditional knowledge with scientific ocean modeling systems has tremendous potential to develop reliable scientific forecasts and accurate future predictions.
611 EVALUATION OF CASCABELA THEVETIA BARK EXTRACTS FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST CCL4 AND PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS , Kamal Jeet* and Shalu Chauhan Cascabela thevetia bark is a poisonous plant native throughout Mexico and in Central America, and cultivated widely as an ornamental. It is a relative of Nerium oleander, giving it a common name yellow oleander, and is also called lucky nut in the West Indies. Therefore evaluated for safety and potential hepatoprotective activity in rodents. The extract (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o) administered to rats and mice over a 24-hour period did not show any signs of toxicity or mortality, suggesting that the oral LD50 of the hydroalcholic extract (in rats and mice) was beyond 400 mg/kg. Daily administration (200, 400 mg/kg; p.o) of extract for 9 days did not cause any changes in behavior or alterations in hematological parameters of the animalsthe results indicate that the hydroalcholic extract of Cascabela thevetia bark is toxic and may exhibit hepatoprotective activity at lower doses by enhancing antioxidant protection in the cell bioactivation of hepatotoxic agents.
612 ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA: AN IN-VIVO STUDY , Akelesh T., Arulraj P., Sam Johnson Udaya Chander J., Vijaypradeep I.* and Venkatanarayanan R. C gigantea, a noncultivable weed found abundantly in Africa and Asia, is commonly known by the names “crown flower,” “giant milkweed,” and “shallow wort” and is known for many medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate antimicrobial and antifungal activities of aqueous extracts of Calotropis gigantea against clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. In vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activity was performed by cup well diffusion method. The extract showed significant effect on the tested organisms. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli (18.1±1.16) and lowest activity against K. pneumoniae (11.4±1.44). latex of C. gigantea showed maximum relative percentage inhibition against B. cereus (178.2 %) followed by E. coli (171.2), P. aeruginosa (102.4), K. pneumoniae (79.5), S. aureus (46.04) and M. luteus (23.7 %) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was measured by cup and plate method and the aqueous extract exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal.
613 HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA – A NEGLECTED ENTITY IN THE PREVENTION OF LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS , Dr. P. Paranthaman* and Dr. Ramya Venkatesan Industrialization of the world comes with the bane of increasing incidence and burden of life-threatening events like stroke, myocardial infarction and dissections. Lindsay et al., in the year 2020 have estimated an increase in the incidence of stroke cases to be around 13 million annually and have predicted that 1 in 4 people over the age of 25 will have stroke in their lifetime. Myocardial infarction and aortic dissections are no lesser a menace when compared to stroke.
614 EXPLORING THE COMBINED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY SYNERGISTIC POTENTIALS OF PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM STANDARDIZED BARK EXTRACT AND CRATAEVA NURVALA STANDARDIZED BARK EXTRACT , Anupama Yadav* After searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and other imperative databases, it was discovered that no combined anti-inflammatory perspectives of Pterocarpus marsupium bark extract and Crataeva nurvala bark extract have been published in an in vitro process (human red blood cells, HRBC). To investigate synergistic behavior, the P. marsupium standardized bark extract (PMSBE) and C. nurvala standardized bark extract (CNSBE) were screened together. PMSBE supported 42.88% membrane stabilization/protection in HRBCs at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, while CNSBE provided 38.26% membrane stabilization/protection in HRBCs. The anti-inflammatory activity was improved to 59.52% when the extracts PMSBE and CNSBE were measured together (at a concentration of 250 μg/mL each). When all extracts were used at the same time, the anti-inflammatory value increased from 16% to 21%. Flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids, which are present in plant products, play a crucial role in mediating anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting multiple inflammatory enzymes. The extract's strong phenolic and flavonoid content worked together to balance the HRBC membrane in a synergistic way. This study will pave the way for further studies into the discovery of novel herbal formulations for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation.
615 INSILICO STUDY OF QUINAZOLINE-4-ONE ON SARS-COV 3CL PROTEASE , Kavitha K.*, Mohan S., Srinivasan N., Suresh R. and Vismaya K. V. In the world wide presently severe panics caused by Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome – coronavirus.and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona virus. Think about that, the researchers targeting these viruses have been required. Assortment literature quinazolinone derivatives exhibited antiviral activity and Corona viruses (Co-Vs) have been raising targets of some quinazolinone. The antiviral activity of quinazolinone against CoVs is assumed directly caused by inhibiting 3C-like protease (3CLpro). In this, we applied a newly designed quinazolinone compounds to systematically investigate binding affinity of compounds against SARS-CoV 3CLpro. The interaction of the newly designed compounds QC1-QC8 against 6M2N enzyme five quinazolinone an induced-fit docking analysis indicated are more involved in binding affinity. The present study aimed at studies showed with the systematic analysis, the newly designed potential quinazolinone are suggested to be templates to design functionally improved inhibitors quinazolinone.
616 ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH , *Dr. Harpreet Kaur Bajwa, Dr. Amandeep Chopra, Dr. Amarpreet Kaur, Dr. Tarun Kumar and Dr. Swati Leekha Background: Drug abuse continues to emerge as a strategy among youth to cope with the problems of unemployment, neglect, violence and sexual abuse. Objective: The present study was carried out to find out the prevalence and determinants of drug and alcohol abuse among youth of Ludhiana. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire study was done to assess alcohol and drug abuse among college students of Ludhiana. Result: The study revealed that 41.5% of total subjects consume alcohol and drugs whereas 4.9% have been users the past. Further, it has been observed that peer pressure and pleasure are the main factors for the youth getting indulge in drugs. Conclusion: Alcohol and Drug abuse constitute a major Public Health Problem in Ludhiana region. Steps need to be taken to control the problem of drug abuse with proper medication and guidance.
617 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF VICHARCHIKA WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO ECZEMA: A CASE REPORT , Dr. Rimpi Majumder*, Dr. Aboli Patil and Dr. Swapnil C. R. vicharchika (Eczema) is a a type of kshudra kustha often characterized by many symptoms like kandu(itching), Srava(discharge), pidaka(small vesicles). It is a acute or chronic condition.[1] Vicharchika is often correlated to eczema based on the clinical presentations. There is no satisfactory treatment in contemporary medical science without antihistamines and topical steroids. In Ayurveda, the main line of treatment for Vicharchika is sodhana and shaman oushadhis. A 11 years old boy approached to OPD with chief complaints of discharge, erythematous skin lesions with intense itching at the ventral of both foot treated with shamana drugs and externally used preparation. A salient improvement is seen in a span of 2 months.
618 INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE GRASSCUTTER (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS) , Korankye Okyere, Clement Gyeabour Kyere*, Asamoa-Bonsu Afua Sarpong and Patrick Atta Poku Jnr This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different dietary protein concentration on growth and reproductive performance of the grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) for a period of 17 months. Thirty-six (36) dams, 12 bucks and their 115 offspring fed six different dietary protein concentrations (10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% CP). The animals were assessed for growth, body weight reproductive performance. The dams and the bucks were mated in six groups of three females to a male in two batches in concrete cages. Completely randomized design was used and data collected was analysed using Generalised Linear Model (GLM) Type II procedure of SAS (2008). Increasing dietary protein concentration increased birth and weaning weights, preweaning growth rate, litter size at birth (P<0.01), but not sex ratio (P>0.05). Pregnancy rate, litter weight at birth, litter size at weaning, kid survival rate, number of days of exposure of male to female and dam weight loss at lactation were significantly influenced by the treatment(P<0.01). This study concludes that adequate dietary protein concentration (10%-18%) is required for optimum reproductive performance of captive grasscutters.
619 THE EFFECT OF ORGANOCHLORINE (ENDOSULFAN) AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE (DIMETHOATE) ON HEART BEAT RATE OF FEMALE CRAB BARYTELPHUSA GUERINI: A COMPARATIVE STUDY , Rajesh B. Desai* The animals required food & oxygen continuously for energy and to perform various metabolic activities. Thus digested food and oxygen should be transported to all the cells. This function is carried out with the help of body fluids. The arthropods possess the open type of circulatory system, which is presumably derived from the highly organized closed system of their annelids or pre-annelids ancestors. In most of the crustaceans the heart is dorsally placed inside the body. The blood fills up to the main body cavity. Which does not corresponds to a primitive coelomic space but to sinuses of cavities burrowed within the body tissues. Thus tissues are in direct contact with blood. In these animals the system of cavities should be considered as a haemocoel and the blood which fulfils the characters of a circulatory fluid and those of inertial lymph should be caused haemolymph. The pigment haemocyanin is found in the blood of most crustaceans hence it has light blue colour. The green resolution has increased the production utilization of various types of pesticides for increasing the agricultural productivity; the indiscriminate use of them has polluted the aquatic environment, because these pesticides ultimately find the way aquatic environment. These pesticides have been found to be extremely toxic not only to several aquatic biota including crustaceans (Reddy & Rao, 1986) and ultimately poisoning dual threat to mankind. Pollution of aquatic environment by a variety of toxic substances has been a major concern for humanity Present research work on comparatively study of effect of organochlorine and Organophosphate pesticides on heartbeat of fresh water female crab Barytelphusa guerini, which is discussed with result statically and graphically.
620 CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DICOMA TOMENTOZA GROWN IN SUDAN , Abdel Karim M.*, Amin-Eldin E. and M. Alla Intensive pharmacological reports on the impact of bioactive phytochemicals on human physiology potentiated the applications of medicinal plants. Dicoma is a genus of approximately 35 species in the family Compositeae. Most of these species are small shrubs or even trees and they may grow in diverse habitats including deserts. Dicoma tomentosa is distributed in tropical Africa and Asia.In African system of medicine the plant is used against malaria.In this study, the oil from Dicoma tomentosa seeds has been analyzed by GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis showed 18 components. Major constituents are : 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (39.78 % ) ; methyl 5;6-octadecadienoate(24.57%) ; hexdecanoic acid methyl ester(16.57 % ) and 9;12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(14.50%) .The antmicrobial activity of the oil has been assessed. At a concentration of 100mg/ml, the oil showed significant activity against Escherichia coli. It also exhibited moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans.
621 CONTROL OF DAMPING –OFF DISEASE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.) BY USING BOTANICAL EXTRACTS. , Sabebaro Namo Das* Damping off is a serious disease of brinjal which leads to the decay of germinating seeds, seedling and limit their production in nurseries and fields. The present investigation was carried out the effect of aqueous extracts of two botanical extracts viz. Allium sativum and Allamanda cathertica against damping-off disease on the three different varieties of brinjal i.e Pusa Purple, Pusa Purple Long and Pusa Purple Round in the shade-net nursery. Seed treatment with Allium sativum and Allamanda cathertica were evaluated against damping-off, seed germination and growth characters of brinjal seedlings. Both the treatments significantly reduced per cent damping-off of these three varieties of brinjal over control. The highest seed germination was recorded in Pusa Purple Round (88.33%) followed by Pusa Purple (86.33%) and Pusa Purple Long (80.33%) after seed treatment with Allium sativum; while the Allamanda cathertica extract showed 86.66, 84.33 and 73 per cent on Pusa Purple Round, Pusa Purple and Pusa Purple Long variety, respectively.
622 CYTO-ARCHITECTURAL DISPOSITION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF ADULT WISTER RATS TREATED WITH SAMIN YOGURT. , Uloneme Godwin Chinedu* Background: Yogurt is a diary food product produced by lactic acid bacteria in fermentation of milk. It is the most widely used fermented milk in the western world and many other countries, including Nigeria. Purpose: The study was done to investigate, and possibly determine the effect of yogurt on the cerebral cortex of adult wister rats. Method: Twenty four adult wister rats weighing between 180 and 200g housed kept in six separate cages labeled A, B, C, and D respectively and housed in Anatomy and Nuerobiolody Department, Imo State University, Owerri were used for the study. Each cage contained four female rats that were allowed free access to the normal rat chow and water. Group A that served as the control group was served only water and rat chow. Group B was administered 25000mg/kg body weight of yogurt; group C received 5000mg/kg body weight of the product, while group D received 10,000mg/kg body weight of samin yogurt. The yogurt administration to the different rat groups was done by oral intubation twice daily (9am and 6pm). At the end of the four week experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized in chloroform vapour and the brains were excised and preserved for histological analysis. Results: Histological analysis of the cerebral cortex of the brain showed that there was no noticeable effect of samin yogurt on the cyto-architectural disposition of the cerebral cortex of the rats treated with varying doses of the product.
623 CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) , Shoaib Akhtar Hossain*, Dr. Sattwik Das and Dr. Beduin Mahanti Gastroesophageal reflux Disease (GERD) is a particular clinical element characterized by the event of gastroesophageal reflux through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) into the esophagus or oropharynx to cause indications, injury to esophageal tissue, or both. The pathophysiology of GERD is perplexing and not totally comprehended. A strange LES pressure and expanded reflux during transient LES relaxations are accepted to be key etiologic elements. GER represents with regurgitation and occasional vomiting. Indigestion and acidity disgorging are the most basic manifestations of GERD, but pathologic reflux can bring about a wide assortment of clinical introductions. GERD is typically chronic, and keeping in mind that it is for the most part nonprogressive, a few cases are related with advancement of entanglements of expanding seriousness and importance.
624 A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SITTING VERSUS LATERAL POSITION FOR INDUCTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS , Showkat Ahmad Bhat* and Kumar N. M. Objectives: To compare the effect of induction position (sitting versus lateral) for spinal anaesthesia in the elderly patient on hemodynamic, sensory block and motor block characteristics and patient satisfaction. Material and methods: Randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for lower abdominal, pelvic, lower limb and urological surgeries aged more than 60 years. Hyperbaric Bupivacain (0.05%) was injected into the spinal space while the patients were either in sitting or lateral position. Effects on hemodynamic parameters, sensory block and motor block characteristics and patient satisfaction were analysed. Results: Induction position for spinal anaesthesia does not affect the hemodynamic parameters and incidence of adverse effects when adequate preloading is done. There was no statistically significant difference in the sensory level and motor level achieved. However lateral position appears to be more comfortable for elderly patients (P= 0.03). Conclusions: Induction position for administration of spinal anaesthesia has no effect on hemodynamic parameters or block characteristics except that patients feel more comfortable in lateral position.
625 PREVALENCE OF AIR BORNE BACTERIA IN PRISON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS LOCATED IN NSUKKA AND ENUGU METROPOLIS, NIGERIA , Chukwuma L. N., Enweani I. B., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi*, Udeogu C.V., Dilibe E.A., Arua C.O.A. and Aguchibe U. C. Airborne microorganisms are transmitted through the air which can cause respiratory ailments in humans leading to allergies such as asthma and pathogenic infections of the respiratory tract. Most institutions such as prisons and schools accommodate a large number of people and airborne diseases thrive best in overcrowded and unhygienic environment. The study was designed to determine the prevalence of airborne bacterial isolates in Enugu and Nsukka indoor prison environments and possible pathogenic effects on the upper respiratory tract of the inmates. Convenience sampling method was employed. One hundred and forty (140) samples were analyzed consisting indoor air from prison offices (48), inmates cell (28), lavatory (16), furniture (8), nasal swabs (20) and hostels (20). In this study, A6 single impactor with high vaccum pump was used in the collection of indoor air samples; thermometer was used for measuring the temperature of the room and hygrometer for measuring the humidity. Sterile swabs were used for the collection of nasal samples, furniture, walls, toilets and bathroom surfaces. Culture media such as Brain heart infusion agar, Malt extract agar,Sabouraund dextrose agar (0.05μg Chloramphenicol and 1μg of Streptomycin) and Chromagar, Nutrient agar, Blood agar and chocolate agar were used for fungi and bacteria isolation respectively. The Data gathered from this research was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.The results showed that the prevalence of airborne bacteria isolates, were 94.4, 88.9% for bacteria in prison offices in Nsukka and Enugu respectively. In prison cells, the prevalence were 11.1, 5.6% for bacteria in Enugu and Nsukka respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of bacterial isolates in Enugu and Nsukka cells at P=0.223, using Chisquare. The indoor temperature and humidity of Enugu and Nsukka were the same at P using ANOVA, when compared with the hostels that served as control. It is advocated that proper and adequate measures should be put in place to improve hygienic practices of the prison indoor environments to beef up healthy living and wellbeing of occupants.
626 ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS FROM NATURAL SOURCES , Arup Kumar Maity*, Ashrubindu Bhunia and Dr. Beduin Mahanti Cancer may be a multistep method and characterized by irregular proliferation of cells. Usually, these cells invade and destroy the traditional cells, so making associate imbalance within the body. Cancer is caused because of numerous factors like tobacco consumption, exposure of body to chemicals, dietary factors and environmental factors. Typical medication for treatment of cancer has many impacts on healthy cells. There’s additionally a problematic issue of increase in tumor resistance to the present therapeutic agents. Because of this, there’s a good have to be compelled to fight this malady with more practical medication. Natural product plays a very important role in fight against cancer and provides a valuable entry for the utilization and investigation of latest therapeutic agents. Healthful plants represent an honest supply of discovery and development of anticancer agents. Healthful plants contain many biologically active compounds that enable them to cure cancer. They contain numerous secondary metabolites that embody Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, carotenoids etc. Edges of medication from plant origin over synthetic (chemical) drugs have accrued the importance of healthful plants within the field of attention. Varied healthful plants area unit identified to possess antineoplastic activity. Phytocompounds from these plant sources will forestall cancer initiation, promotion and progress by exerting anti-oxidant effects that mediates by the combination the combination, Nrf2 and AP-1signal pathways. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive repository for the scientific community operating to develop new and improved medicines for cancer that poses serious threat to world all across the world.
627 LGBT: THE DARKNESS OF SOCIETY WHERE LIBIDO IS SILENT , *Kushal Nandi, Shayari Dutta, Amrita Chakraborty, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Dhananjay Saha LGBT or GLBT is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which began to replace the term gay in reference to the broader LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s. The initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, LGBTQ, adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual identity. Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizing may use the extended initialism LGBTI. These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms LGBTIQ or LGBT+ to encompass spectrums of sexuality and gender. Other, less common variants also exist, such as LGBTQIA+, with the A standing for "asexual" or "aromantic". Longer acronyms, with some being over twice as long as LGBT, have prompted criticism for their length, and the implication that the acronym refers to a single community is also controversial.
628 TRADITIONAL HERBAL DRUGS: AN EMERGING ALTERNATIVE DRUG FOR DIABETES , Purna Bhattacharya, Susmita Basak, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen* and Dr. Beduin Mahanti This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. It is caused by the deficiency or ineffective production of insulin by pancreas which results in increase or decrease in concentrations of glucose in the blood. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, many herbal plants with hypoglycaemic properties are known from across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. A list of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects and of herbal drugs used in treatment of diabetes is compiled.
629 MEDICINAL PLANTS AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS , Sourav Biswas, Susmita Basak, *Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Beduin Mahanti Ayurvedic medicines are usually customized to an individual constitution. Ayurvedic Indian and traditional Chinese systems are living ‘great traditions’ and have important roles in bio prospecting of new medicines from medicinal plants, which are also rich sources of antioxidants. Antioxidants are the substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Since plants generate a great deal of antioxidants that can signify a vital source of fresh compounds with promising antioxidant property. The compounds that are found naturally in the body and also in variety of foods and that can react with and quench or inactivate a free radical so it cannot cause cellular damage. They can increase the antioxidant capacity of blood. In view of increasing risk factors of human to various deadly diseases, there has been a global trend toward the use of natural substance present in medicinal plants and dietary plants as therapeutic antioxidants. It has been reported that there is an inverse relationship between the dietary intake of antioxidant-rich food and medicinal plants and incidence of human diseases. A number of scientific studies are addressing the varied health benefits of antioxidant supplementation in processes like stress, ageing, pathogen infestation, reduce cell damaging effects, apoptosis and neurological diseases of free radicals. Certain synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) also reduce oxidation, but they have been reported dangerous to mankind, therefore investigation for non-toxic antioxidants have intensified in the recent years.
630 UPLOADING OF MOUTHWATERING ICE CREAM & FAST FOODS DUO: DOWNLOADING OF FAT IN BELLY , *Kushal Nandi, Arpita Biswas, Supradip Mandal, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Dr. Dhananjoy Saha The term â€•fast foodâ€– generally refers to food that people intend to consume quickly. They cost relatively little and tastes good but their negative effects on physical health last much longer than these immediate concerns. With the high-calorie meals come more fat, cholesterol, salt and sugar and therefore fewer vitamins, minerals and other nutrients than in healthier foods. There are growing concern regarding the alarming trend of fast-food consumption and its related cardio metabolic outcomes including overweight and obesity. Fast food concern and out of home food is a main risk factor for lower diet quality, higher calorie and fat intake and lower micronutrients density of diet. Frequent consumption of fast foods is one of the main reasons for rising trends of overweight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities. This review explores the irreparable effects of ice-cream and fast-food consumption in human body.
631 MUCINOUS CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST: RARE HISTOLOGICAL ENTITY TO KNOW: ABOUT TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE , Dr. M. Mourabbih*, Dr. R. Samhari, M. Charkaoui, Pr. M. Ennachit, Pr. Benhassou and Pr. El. Karroumi Breast cancer is the first cancer in women, more than 800,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide[1], dominated by invasive ductal cancer. Characterized by the presence of extracellular mucus, and by a more favorable prognosis, mucinous carcinoma accounts for one to seven percent of all invasive carcinomas. Histologically, there are two forms of mucinous carcinoma: the pure form in which there is no ductal component and the mixed form which combines foci of infiltrating ductal carcinoma next to the colloid component.[2] In this article, we propose to study two cases of mucinous carcinoma.
632 JUVENILE GIANT BREAST ADENOFIBROMA: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW , Dr. Btissam Ouafidi, Elmiski Fatiha, Oumaima Wajih*, Mustapha Benhessou, Simohamed Ennachit, Mohammed Elkarroumi Juvenile giant adenofibroma is a rare benign mastopathy. It is a particular form of adenofibroma, occurring in adolescence, and requires special diagnostic and therapeutic management. The main etiopathogenic factor is relative hyperoestrogenism related to early puberty. The differential diagnosis is made with phyllodes tumor. Its appearance can be worrying due to the large size of the tumor, the rapid growth, the inflammatory aspect of the skin in front of it, and the collateral venous circulation. We report a case of giant juvenile adenofibroma in a 12 years old girl at the Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment at the IBN ROCHD University Hospital in Casablanca. The aim is to review the clinical, radiological and histological diagnosis and therapeutic management.
633 PERITONEAL EXTRA UTERINE PREGNANCY ABOUT A RARE CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE , M. Bouslikhane*, S. Ghdaif, Khalloufi C., Nayam F., S. Mahdaoui, K. Fichtali and S. Bouhya Among all the factors that make abdominal pregnancy frequent in our context of developing countries: the frequency of genital infections high and the absence of pregnancy follow-up. In our case, the extra uterine pregnancy is peritoneally located and does not seem to respond to a specific risk factor. It is therefore considered primitive. The diagnosis is evoked by the presence of abdominal pain, often in a context of late menstruation. Gynecological examination found an enlarged uterus but not proportional to the presumed age of pregnancy, this was confirmed by ultrasound and determination of the Bhcg level. Depending on the acute nature of symptoms, surgical intervention is often essential. The latter is performed by general or local anesthesia depending on the urgency. A few cases of abdominal ectopic pregnancy carried to term or near term have been described in the literature, in these cases fetal fragility, polymalformation and anesthetic depression often contribute to the failure of resuscitation of the newborn.
634 ISOLATED COR TRIATRIATUM SINISTRUM AND PREGNANCY: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE , M. Bouslikhane*, S. Ghdaif, K. Chadia, Nayam-F., A. Lamrissi, K. Fichtali and S. Bouhya A potentially serious congenital heart disease, triatrial heart is defined as a failure of the common pulmonary vein to connect to the left atrium during the early stages of embryogenesis. The anatomical consequence is the appearance of a fibrous membrane, occasionally muscular, which divides the left atrium into two very distinct chambers: a posterior proximal in connection with the pulmonary veins, called the pulmonary venous chamber, and a second distal anterior, close of the mitral valve where the left atrium is located, called the true left atrium. The frequency is rare, less than 0.1% of heart disease diagnosed clinically and 0.4% of congenital malformations recognized at autopsy. We report a case of a triatrial heart accidentally discovered at the age of 28 WA whose decision was the induction of labor but the evolution was a non-reassuring fetal tracing thus indicating a cesarean section.
635 PELVIC HYDATIC CYST: ABOUT A CASE , Dr. M. Bouslikhane*, Dr. S. Ghdaif, Dr. Majidi S., Dr. Nayam F., Pr. S. Mahdaoui, Pr. K. Fichtali, Pr. S. Bouhya Hydatidosis is a zoonose due to the development in the human body of the larval form of a dog taenia: Echinococcusgranulosus.[1-2] This parasitosis is endemic in Morocco.[1-2] Liver and lung locations are the most common.[1.3] Pelvic hydatic cysts are rare and deceptive.[3,4] Imaging and serology do not always make it possible to make the diagnosis.[1,3,4] We report an observation of pelvic hydatic cyst in its pseudo-tumor form.
636 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF IGBO OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) SEEDS , Chinedum Ifeanyi Nwankwo*, Njoku Juliet Chinomso, Nwakanma Sunday Ndubuisi, Ajah Obinna, Alaebo Prince Ogochukwu, Uhuo Emmanuel Nnaemeka, Pipi Okechukwu Gift, Ochiabuto Esther C. and Umeh Virginus A. It has been established that the geographical location of a plant has modulatory effects on the expression of phytochemicals in the plant. This idea spurred the aim of this current study, which is to evaluate the phytochemical profile and proximate composition of Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) seeds planted in, Ikwuano LGA, Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria which has a tropical climatic condition. Immature AE pods were harvested from a farm in Ikwuano LGA, Abia Sate, South Eastern Nigeria, washed and the seeds separated from the pods. The seeds were allowed to air dry for two weeks, pulverized to fine powder using a milling machine and used for the different analyses using standard procedures. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22.0) and results were presented as Mean ± SD (Standard Deviation) and statistical significance determined using Duncan Multiple Range test. The results obtained showed that for the proximate composition analyses, Igbo Okra seeds contained 10.48mg/100g Moisture, 5.21mg/100g Ash, 15.30mg/100g crude fat, 2.50mg/100g Crude fibre, 28.92 mg/100g Crude protein and 47.60mg/100g carbohydrate. The results for the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenolics, Carbohydrates, reducing sugars, Steroids and saponins. The quantitative phytochemical composition of Igbo Okra seeds is as follows; Tannins 18.01mg/100g, Total Phenolics 139.88mg/100g, Steroids 0.15mg/100g, Terpenoids 43.68mg/100g, Flavonoids 164.65mg/100g, Reducing Sugars 301.36mg/100g, Carbohydrates 1172.16mg/100g and Glycosides 13.75mg/100g. Igbo Okra seeds in South East are rife with important phytochemicals which could be of pharmacological importance.
637 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND HEALTH CARE , Jose Manuel Rodríguez Valencia, Maria San Miguel Rodriguez and Angel San Miguel Hernández* The IoT is defined as the connection of everyday objects with the internet and its application has already spread to many areas, such as the provision of health services. The IoT in medicine (IoMT) refers to medical devices connected to information technology systems through the internet. These devices are interconnected through wifi networks that allow them to connect to cloud platforms where the data obtained is recorded and stored. The interconnection of these devices and the communication between machines allows health professionals to improve and speed up the treatment of patients thanks to the possibility of accessing information instantly and monitoring patients remotely. The use of IoMT is spreading rapidly and is becoming more frequent and there are already many millions of connected medical devices today. The development of the IoMT is a consequence of the advancement of technologies such as smartphones and other wireless devices, the existence of higher quality Wi-Fi networks, such as 5G and the appearance of platforms and servers in the cloud or the design of sensors each. increasingly complex that are capable of recording and transferring data.
638 ASSESSMENT OF THE MACR-MICRONUTRIENTS AND TRACE METAL ELEMENTS IN PLANT LEAVES AROUND JEBEL MUN WESTERN SUDAN , Hamdi Abdelnabi Abdalla Amin*, Mustafa Mohammed Osman Ahmed, Bakheit Mustafa Mohammed Saleh, Ali Sid Ahmed Mohammed The plants need many different metal elements a classified macro, micronutrient, and trace elements for growth development, and reproduction, which have mobilized from the soil and absorbed by the roots as metal ions. The study focused on four plants including (Allium Cepavar, Cajanus Cajan, Cirullus Lanatus, and Tomato Leaves) from farms around jebel Mun areas. Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission spectroscopy. The concentrations of macronutrients were (0.02 - 1.60, 1.80- 11.0, 0.01 – 0.12, 0.05 -0.34, and 0.17 - 1.50 ppm) for Mg, P, S, K, and Ca respectively. Whereas micronutrient concentrations reveals (0.02- 0.12, 0.05- 4.60 0.00 - 0.02, 0.00 - 0.09, and 0.01- 0.017 ppm) for Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn respectively. While beneficial elements of B and Si were recorded (0.01-0.14, 0.01 -0.05 ppm).
639 STUDY ON THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS POLYSACCHARIDES , Tasneema Khanam Dila* and Gurbanov Geldimyrat* Aims and objectives: The current research project was designed with the objective to find out the concentration of polysaccharides in oyster mushroom and to determine the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Methods: The fresh plant of P. ostreatus was collected from Carrefour supermarket in Hefei, Anhui, China. After collection of plant samples, these were proceeded for extraction and fractioning. The plant was turned into powder form and then using different solvents for further process. The powder crude extract obtained from the different solvents were further used for subsequent analysis. Further investigations were done using TGA, XRD, DSC, FTIR, UV spectra, HPLC and the DPPH analysis to find out the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities of P. ostreatus. Results: In XRD analysis, there was a weak diffraction peak for each OM with different intensity was recorded when the 20 was nearly 47°, which was indicating the presence of both of the amorphous nature and crystalline nature of the different polysaccharides. The FTIR spectrum showed a broad peak around 3400cm−1 for hydroxyl, bunches extending vibrations; the top around 2900 cm−1 showed retention for C-H extending vibrations; the band around 1735cm−1 showed assimilation for carboxyl gatherings extending vibrations, which can be utilized to decide the presence of uronic corrosive; a top around 1650cm−1 was happened because of the related water. Biochemical analysis confirmed that purified fraction OM-1 has strong free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS free radical. Conclusion: The results revealed the polysaccharide's important role as potential natural antioxidant agents during the investigation and application of bioactive polysaccharide. The overall study suggested that P. ostreatus polysaccharide could be used as a potential natural antioxidant drug resource and has value for further scientific research in food and pharmaceutical industry. Further studies are now in progress to gain more insight into its structures and identify other potential biological activities of these novel P. ostreatus derived polysaccharides.
640 IMPORTANCE OF YAGYA IN TREATING COVID-19 CONDITIONS -A CLASSICAL REVIEW , Devesh Panwar*, Ravi Raj Singh and Namrata Kulshrestha Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a global public health threat. Though the fear, anxiety, and stress related to COVID-19 have been studied in depth, the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. Research related to the earlier coronavirus(CoV) outbreaks (like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS) shows the neurotropic nature of CoV and the plethora of neuropsychiatric effects that it can cause. Though the current health priorities in managing COVID-19 remain restricted to containment and targeting pulmonary symptoms,but with this it is also necessary to maintain the mental health of the peoples because spread of covid -19 has disturbed the mental state of all the peoples, they have a fear, stress and anxiety peoples are seem to be emotionally depressed, all these factors are going to worsen the quality of life. Emerging evidence shows neural spread of the novel corona virus. Delirium, encephalopathy, olfactory disturbances, acute behavioral changes, headache and cerebrovascular accidents are its common neuropsychiatric complications. Now the whole world is fighting against this pendemic condition of covid-19, if we go through the literature of ancient Indian medicine, the indication of yagya is found their for the pendemic conditions in all the Vedas, samhitas and puranas, acharya Charak has indicate in charak samhita janpadodhwansh (pendemic) adhyaya to perform yagya for the peace of mind and cleaning of environment in pendemic conditions because in pendemic conditions peoples get mentally disturbed due to fear, stress, and anxiety and in that condition the effect of rhythmic sound of mantras and inhalation of medicated fume create a feeling of peace and happiness in them and environment also get fresh and calm. Hence in modern era when life is going to be worsen physically and mentally the yagya therapy can provide a lot of holistic health benefits to the whole world. Yagya as a therapy for psychological ailments provides pulmonary inhalation of medicinal-smoke of multiple herbs (generated through oblation in fire along with chanting of Vedic hymns), which have the potential for therapeutic results. Yagya mentioned in Ayurveda and Veda as ‘Devvyapashraya Chikitsa’ (Divine or Mantra therapy) and ‘Bhaishjya Yagya’ (treatment of ailments by doing Yagya with medicinal herbs) has multidimensional benefits on physical, mental, social and spiritual health. This article will help in the establishment of Yagya Therapy as an important therapeutic approach, and will pave the way for controlling the pendemic conditions like covid-19.
641 MANAGEMENT OF ADHARANIYA VEGA JANYA ROGAS THROUGH PANCHAKARMA , Sangeeta Neelannavar*, Vijayamahantesh Hugar and Varsha Kulkarni The Vegas means urges which are involuntary, natural or instinctive impulse and Dharana means suppression. In this again two types, they are Adharaneeya Vegas (non-suppressible urges) and Dharaneeya Vegas (Suppressible urges). Adharaneeya Vegas are of 13 in number. These are major causes for many of the diseases. If they are suppressed repeatedly due to any reason, they can lead to various health problems such as cardiac diseases, hemorrhoids, migraine, headache and other complication. In the current scenario the disease due to the suppression of these Vegas are increasing in number. Acharya’s have mentioned different line of Panchakarma treatment modalities for diseases caused by different Vegadharana. Panchakarma therapy cures the diseases from its root.
642 CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON MADHUTAILIKA BASTI – A REVIEW , Indushree B. S.* and Varsha Kulkarni Madhutailika Basti is one among the Yapana Bastis. It is Nirapada and Nishparihara / Ishat Parihara. It is Sadakala Deyamana Basti (can be given any time), especially indicated in Nrupa (king), Shishu (children), Sthavira (old aged), Nari (women) and Sukumara Purusha (delicate persons) for Dosha Nirharanartha and to gain the Bala and Varna. This Basti contains Madhu and Taila in equal proportions and excess quantity. Basti is Ardha Chikitsa according to Charaka, while some authors consider it as the Poorna Chikitsa (complete remedy) for all the ailments due to its vast field of therapeutic action. Basti alleviates the morbid Vata from the root along with other Doshas and in addition to that it nourishes the Dhatus. Madhutailika Basti removes Srotorodha, does Vatanulomana thus helps to bring Dhatu Samyata.
643 CONCEPT OF VIRUDDHA AHARA IN PRESENT SCENARIO AND ROLE OF SHODHANA THEREIN , Dr. Arjina Fatima* and Dr. Varsha Kulkarni Ahara has been given prime importance in Ayurveda which is considered to be one among the Trayopastambha (pillars of life). Viruddha Ahara (incompatible food) is a unique concept described in Ayurveda. As per Acharya Charaka, any Ahara Dravya which disturbs or provokes the Doshas but does not expel them out of the body is said to be Viruddha Ahara. The food which is of unacceptable combination, has undergone inappropriate processing, consumed in incorrect dose or consumed in unsuitable time and season is called as Viruddha Ahara. If such type of Viruddha Ahara is consumed that will lead to Viruddha Aharajanya Vikaras in later period of life. So it is utmost important to study about the diseases which manifest by Viruddha Ahara and to know how to treat these diseases. This article emphasizes on the concept of Viruddha Ahara with respect to certain food articles which are used in present scenario and the role of Shodhana Karma in treating the diseases caused by the consumption of Viruddha Ahara.
644 EFFECTS, WORKING AND REMEDY FOR CORONA VIRUS: A REVIEW , Dr. Pratibha S. Kurup* Corona viruses are a group of non-segmented, single-stranded enveloped virus positive-sense RNA genomes. A number of corona variant are infecting a variety animals and human beings. This attack of virus is causing economic as well as life damage to the families. Corona viruses’ causes infection human host cell of lungs and cause a condition of lack of oxygen leading to respiratory diseases. Among them the most dangerous is the, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV), which are highly pathogenic and has caused a pandemic situation. Corona viruses have a distinct spike like structure, which helps RNA of the virus to move inside the host cell of lungs and infect them . Human corona virus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. The study reveals that infected patients exhibit distinct fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnea, etc. In this review paper an effort is done to explain how corona works and its effect in human life and in socio-economic condition. Results in India for the infection of corona virus is determined by three ways, RT- PCR test, CT scan of lungs and X-rays.dependig on the basis of symptoms many personal care methods have been suggested by medical officials. Role of allopathic, Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Naturopathy is also suggested.
645 IMPACT OF HYPOXIA AND MORTALITY DURING THE COVID-19 WAVE 2 IN INDIA - A REVIEW , Shashi Bhushan Shashi* The variant mutative strained high speed Covid-19, wave 2 is at high risk all over the world including India with day by day new and record breaking peak in mortality rate. The mortality rate due to Covid-19 is severely seen by Hypoxia also. The paper focuses on reasons of mortality due to hypoxia during wave-2 of Covid-19 in India.
646 DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS IMPACTS – A REVIEW , *Dr. A. M. Khole Municipal solid waste (MSW) is commonly known as garbage, which consists of everyday items we use and throw away, such as food, paper, plastics, glass, wood, leather, metals, textiles, paints, cloth, batteries etc. This type of garbage comes from our houses, offices, educational institutions, hospitals, and businesses. India produces 277 million tons of MSW every year, according to a 2016 estimate. That’s more than 80% of the 334 million tons of waste generated across the South. Whereas, in 2010, 250 million tons of MSW were generated in the United States. Globally, about 71 percent of MSW are disposed of in landfills (Aldriana & Elaine, 2003). Studies show that landfill is the most popular destination for solid waste, by a wide margin. The majority of landfills throughout the world send their trash/garbage to the dump. The testing of groundwater is important to determine whether waste materials have escaped from the landfill. The storage of any waste material in a landfill poses potential problems. One problem is the possible contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water that may occur as leachate produced by water or liquid wastes moving into, through and out of landfill. The purpose of this review paper is to focus on the adverse effect of dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) at disposal sites on groundwater quality. The groundwater gets contaminated/polluted and causes certain water borne diseases.
647 IN-SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING AND PHARMACOKINETIC PREDICTION STUDIES OF NOVEL PYRAZOLE LINKED FURAN AND THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY , Fahna V., Babu G. and Shiny George* In silico studies were conducted on twenty newly designed pyrazole derivatives as 14- α demethylase enzyme inhibitors to select the best possible drug candidates based on drug properties and bioactivity score of the compounds. Molecular properties of designed compounds were studied by using Molinspiration. ADMET studies were performed by using pkCSM software. Molecular docking studies were performed on 14- α demethylase enzyme by using Glide 5.5 extra precision (XP) maestro Schrodinger software. The results of this study give room for designing new antifungal compounds with better inhibitory activity against 14-α demethylase enzyme, a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis. Analogues 8, 18 and 19 were found to have higher docking score and significant binding interaction with the enzyme. Molecular docking explained the possible binding mode of compound 18 in the 14- α demethylase active site. Our studies indicated that the pyrazole–furan hybrid is a new scaffold of 14- α demethylase inhibitors.
648 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SUMMER HONEYS COLLECTED FROM APIS DORSATA HIVES OF WARORA TAHSIL OF CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA) , Borkar Laxmikant* and Mate Devendra The present investigation was undertaken to determine the chemical analysis of 4 summer honey samples (CHN-WAR-NEL, CHN-WAR-SOT, CHN-WAR-MAI, CHN-WAR-AMF) collected from forest area of Warora Tahsil of Chandrapur District of Maharashtra State (India). These samples were analysed for several parameters such as moisture, total reducing sugar, Levulose or Fructose, Dextrose or Glucose, L/D ratio, Sucrose, Acidity. This type of chemical analysis favours the utilization of the honey for good quality in this area.
649 IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN AYURVEDA , *Dr. Neha and Dr. Kuldeep Tomar Ayurveda is a science of life and the basic motive of the Ayurveda is to promote the health of healthy persons and cure the diseases of the diseased persons. In Ayurveda we use many kind of medicines like Kastha aushadhi means medicines which prepared by plants origin and Rasa aushadhi means medicines which prepared by metals and submetals. A general misconceptions present in our society that the ayurvedic medicines are safe and do not have any side effets , so people takes ayurvedic medicines without consulting the physician. Although the ayurvedic medicines are safe, no doubt but it depends upon the method of administrations. Ayurvedic medicines have different kind of pharmacology. The action of drugs depends upon the humans Shareerik prakriti (i.e Vata, Pita, Kapha) Agnibala, kala, Satva etc. If we ignore these all factors definitely the drug shows his side effets. Many pharmaceutical industries ignores important steps in drug manufacturing such as the quality of raw material, ratio in combinations of drugs used in medicines and purity of medicines after manufacturing. These factors reduce the efficacy of drugs and many times it is dangerous to take because if impurities are presents in any medication it shows dangerous side effects and can be fatal for human health. Pharmacovigilance is the science which deals with the Detection, Assessment, Understanding and prevention of unintended effects, side effects of drugs or any other medication error. In this research paper we discussed about importance of pharmacovigilance in ayurveda and its role in public health and safety.
650 EFFECT OF Hibiscus tiliacus LEAF MEAL IN CONCENTRATE FEED ON NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION AND MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RUMEN OF GOATS , Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura*, I Gede Mahardika, and I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra This study aims to determine the effect of Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal (HLM) supplementation in concentrate feed on nutrient consumption and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of etawah crossbred goats. Sixty healthy male goats with an average initial body weight of 18.22 ± 3.09 kg were used in a completely randomized block design experiment, divided into four treatment groups. The four treatments were: (i) the goats were fed with elephant grass ad libitum+concentrate without HLM as much as 1% of body weight/head/day as control (H0); concentrate containing 5%; 10% and 15% of HLM as H1; H2, and H3, respectively. The results showed that HLM supplementation in the concentrate had a significant effect (P<0.05) on protein and energy consumption. Likewise, microbial protein synthesis was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the presence of HLM supplementation in concentrate feed. It can be concluded that supplementation of 5% Hibiscus tiliacus leaf meal in the concentrate significantly increases energy and protein consumption, as well as microbial protein synthesis in the rumen which will affect the growth of goats.
651 DETECTION OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN FROM CALLUS CULTURE OF PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM , Ahmad Rizwan*, Sharma Saurabh, Sharma Satish K, Kumar Vishal, Bari Darakhshan G. and Verma Chhavi Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an endangered medicinal plant. Rhizomes of Podophyllum hexandrum Contain several lignans which possess antitumour activity. Podophyllotoxin is the most active cytotoxic natural product. It is used as starting compound for the synthesis of anticancer drug etoposide and teniposide, which are used in the treatment of various types of cancer. Besides this, it also shows antiviral activities. Availability of Podophyllotoxin from plants has its limitations because of its intense collection from nature and lack of organized cultivation. The chemical synthesis of Podophyllotoxin is considered to be very complicated. The use of biotechnological approaches for the production podophyllotoxin using tissue cultures is an attractive alternative for production of Podophyllotoxin The present paper discuss In Vitro propagation of podophyllum hexandrum. Callus cultures have been established from root explants of aseptically grown Podophyllum hexandrum seedlings. A fully defined MS medium supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine were effective for both initiation and sustained growth of callus tissue. The relative proportion of callus were markedly influenced by presence of plant growth regulators .The relative proportions of Podophyllotoxin in Cultivated root and callus was estimated by HPLC and HPTLC.
652 ROLE OF PANCHAKARMA IN ASTHIMAJJAGATA VATA (OSTEOPOROSIS) - A CASE STUDY , Dr. Nivedita D. Mugli*, Dr. Vijayamahantesh Hugar and Dr. Varsha Kulkarni Vata plays major role in manifestation of any disease. Vata nanatmaja vyadhi are 80 in number. Separate chapters are dedicated to vatavyadhi and its chikitsa in classics. Among them asthimajjagata vata is one disease. Cause of vatavyadhi either dhatu kshaya or maragavarana. In asthimajjagata vata (osteoporosis) Dhatu kshaya is the main cause. This condition is correlated to osteoporosis. Causes of osteoporosis may be primary or secondary leading to decrease in bone density, fragile bones and bone fracture. Phosphorus (Biphosphonate), calcium and dietary supplements are some line of treatment mentioned in cotemporary science. This paper puts lights on a case of asthimajjagata vata (osteoporosis) and tries to explain the role panchakarma treatment modalities such as pancha tikta ksheera basti, sarvanga abhyanga and shastika shali pinda sweda.
653 DEVELOPMENT OF A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO CORRECTING THE PRESENCE OF UNDEVELOPED DRUGS: A REVIEW , Ravi Shanker Vishwakarma*, Chandan Singh, Abhishek Pandey and Mohd. Washid Khan Oral drug delivery is the simplest form of drug administration; strict oral dosage forms are preferred for different form of dosage forms due to their slightness, good stability, precise volume, and quick to prepare. Hard measuring forms need to be well melted to lead to a good detection rate as long as they have a good detection. Solid dispersion systems were developed by formulating solid solutions through the dispersing molecules of active chemical compounds (APIs) into crystalline carriers instead of eutectic compounds. Solid dispersion consists of an active carrier or both polymeric and working carriers. It has been found that these types of programs can help greatly improve the availability of a well-soluble drug and at the same time help improve drug stability over the long term. More recently, more regulated release systems are using robust distribution technology to achieve a set free of water-soluble drugs with a shorter fraction of organic matter, representing the fourth generation of solid distribution.
654 THE IMPACT OF STIMULANTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC RISKS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH ADHD: EMPHASIS ON CHOLESTEROL PROFILE CHANGES , Dr. Adel Gabriel*, Moheb Basta and Mona Nematian Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of central nervous stimulants on the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in adult ADHD patients. Method: Participated in this study, consenting male and female consecutive outpatients with confirmed ADHD diagnosis. All patients received either amphetamine or methylphenidate stimulant treatments for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure included the lipid profile measures. Other clinical outcome measures included; resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, fasting glucose, and HBA1C. Cholesterol profile measures and other cardiovascular risk measures were gathered once before the stimulants were initiated and 12 weeks after continuous treatment. Symptom frequency changes were measured by completing the "Adult ADHD self report scale - ASRS-v1.1" before and 12 weeks after treatment. The study was granted approval by the Conjoint Scientific and Ethics Board at the University of Calgary. Results: The paired t test, was utilized to examine changes in cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk variables. After 12 weeks of stimulant treatment, there was significant reduction (p < .01) in the LDL-C measure but there were no significant decrease in any of the other lipid measures, there was significant decrease (p < .001) in weight, and in BMI. There were no significant changes in fasting glucose, or in HBA1C parameters. Employing ANOVA, there was significant (p< .001) decrease in the ASRS-vi.i, self report scale scores at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Stimulants used in adults with ADHD are associated with minor, but statistically significant and favorable changes in the LDL-C lipoprotein. However, there was no significant changes in the overall cardiac risk as measured by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). It is concluded from reviewing literature that the overall cardiovascular risk seemed to be dependent on number of factors, including but not limited to, genetic, environmental, biochemical factors, as well as on the interaction with other disease status variables.
655 AN OVERVIEW ON PROMISING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASSETS OF NATURAL HIMALAYAN VIAGRA (CORDYCEPS SINENSIS) , Rajesh K. Yadav, Ashok K. Kakodia, Atul Tiwari, Lakha Ram, Lakshya Chaudhary and Raaz K. Maheshwari* Cordyceps, a caterpillar fungus is found to be used as high medicinal value by the people around the world. It is a highly valued aphrodisiac commonly known as “Himalayan Viagra”. Cordyceps spp. genus compromises a plethora of compounds and some of them showed therapeutic and pharmacological activities. Yarsagumba is known to science as Ophiocordyceps sinensis. The taste is of mushroom, flavoursome, sweet and neutral in nature. It can be eaten plain or powdered, mixed with milk or water. It is considered to have high medicinal value and used to treat diseases like cancer, diabetes, pulmonary diseases cardiovascular disorder, sexual dysfunction, renal disease and many other diseases for centuries in Chinese Traditional Medicine and Bhutanese Indigenous Medicine. The present study reviews about its basic knowledge, about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on various medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological studies conducted so far.
656 PHARMACOANALYTICAL STUDY OF BALYADI LEPA (CHURNA) , Dr. Suneel Kumar Rajpoot*, Dr. Vivekanand Kullolli and Dr. Hitaba Gohil Ayurveda, the science of life, speaks about many types of treatments to get rid of human ailments Shwitra is one of the commonest skin disorders which is correlated with Vitiligo to certain extent in Contemporary system of medicine. And it is a Raktadushtijanya vikaar.Sthanik Shaman in the form of lepa kalpana to allow the locally applied drug to penetrate to the deeper dhatus i.e. Rakta, mamsa and meda is the need of the hour.Balyadi Lepa is taken up to overcome the limitations of the shwitra treatment.Balyadi lepa is a Herbomineral formulation having seven ingredients.
657 AN OVERVIEW OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY , *Arnab Majumder, Dr. Falguni Patra and Dr. Beduin Mahanti The major challenge featured by today’s apothecary and formulation man of science is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is that the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, particularly for the treatment of anterior section diseases. Also, therapeutic drug levels aren't maintained for extended length in target tissues. Within the past 20 years, ocular drug delivery analysis accelerated advanced towards developing a unique, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery techniques, anterior phase drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of standard topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers.The most commonly utilized conventional preparations of ophthalmic dosage forms are the solutions, suspensions and ointments which are relatively inefficient as therapeutic systems.By using prolonged drug delivery, the duration of drug action can be remarkably prolonged and also the frequency of drug administration can be reduced. Such a drug delivery can be achieved by designing formulations such as contact lens, microneedles, nanosuspension, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanomicelles which can act as efficient ocular drug delivery system.
658 EVALUATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON HIV PATIENTS , Dr. Khokan Bera*, Dr. Beduin Mahanti and Anushree Bhowmick Antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic disease, but antiretroviral medications have the potential to cause short-term and long-term adverse effects. Medication- related adverse effects may manifest in overt symptoms or initially only as laboratory abnormalities. The spectrum of potential antiretroviral drug toxicity is broad, including renal toxicity, mitochondrial and metabolic effects, gastrointestinal symptoms, weight gain, cardiovascular effects, hypersensitivity, skin reactions, insomnia, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. In general, newer antiretroviral medications have improved safety profiles compared with older antiretroviral medications, and this is reflected in the recommendations issued in the Adult and Adolescent ARV Guidelines. Clinicians who provide care to persons with HIV should have an understanding of the basic toxicity profile of antiretroviral medications, keeping in mind that the potential adverse effects of most antiretroviral medications are less toxic than the effects of untreated HIV. This Topic Review will explore antiretroviral-associated adverse effects by drug class and by specific drug. Issues related to drug interactions with antiretroviral medications are addressed in the Topic Review Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Therapy.
659 EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF THE HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE NUCLEI OF PERSEA AMERICANA (LAURACEAE) IN THE WISTAR RAT. , Raoul Ampa* and Euroldyne Tony Malaissou and Ouossolo Lingomo Berthrand Stephane Faced with the alarming increase in the number of diabetics around the world and the cost of modern treatment, the African pharmacopoeia offers an alternative to synthetic antidiabetics. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Persea americana Mill nuclei in rats. Thus, the hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic activities of this extract were evaluated. The phytochemical study by characterization reactions in tubes demonstrated the existence of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids in this extract. The extract administered by the oral route made it possible to lower the glycemia of normal rats, hyperglycaemic (by overloading with glucose at a rate of 3g / kg) and diabetics by injection of streptozotocin, compared to rats having received only distilled water. At a dose of 400 mg / Kg the extract decreases the baseline glycemia of normal rats at the 4th hour (p <0.05). In diabetic rats, the extract at a dose of 400 mg / kg significantly (p <0.01) reduced blood sugar from the 1st hour, compared to diabetic rats given distilled water and the extract at the dose of (200mg / kg. The observed antidiabetic activity can be explained by the action of flavonoids or their association with the other chemical families highlighted in this extract. These results can justify the use of these nuclei in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
660 SPONTANEOUS UTERINE RUPTURE OF HEALTHY UTERUS: ABOUT A CASE AND LITERATURE REVIEW , *Kamal El Moussaoui, Benzina Intissar, Zainab Khallouk, Bouhache Sara, Najia Zraidi, Amina Lakhdar, Aziz baidada and Aicha Kharbach Uterine rupture in a healthy uterus remains a rare complication of labour. However, given its seriousness in putting the life of the mother and the fetus at risk, it is important to think about it in the presence of any metrorrhagia during labour, even in a healthy uterus. It is more frequent in the case of a scarred uterus. We present a rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture in a healthy uterus in a 28 year old patient with no previous history of We present a rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture in a healthy uterus in a 28-year-old woman with no previous pathological history, diagnosed after six hours of delivery due to postpartum haemorrhage. Through this case and the review of the literature, we discuss the extreme caution that must be maintained even in the case of a non-scarring uterus, as well as the clinical signs of appeal, the risk factors, the diagnostic methodology and the therapeutic management of this rare but potentially serious entity.
661 EFFECT OF EGG SIZE ON REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF THE GUINEA FOWL: A REVIEW , Clement Gyeabour Kyere*, Korankye Okyere, Addison Duodu, Grace Twumasi, Philip Kwaku Dapaah and Asamoa-Bonsu Afua Sarpong This study aimed at reviewing relevant literature on the effect of egg size on the performance of indigenous Guinea fowl in Ghana. The egg of a laying Guinea hen is the tool for reproduction and also serves as a source of food for humans. Egg size has been widely studied because it can be highly variable. Hatchability, hatching time, embryonic mortalities, keets weight at hatch and chick’s developmental performance at post hatch period are directly affected by hatching egg size. Guinea fowl breeding hens produce thicker shelled eggs in comparison to that of a chicken. An eggshell makes up 15 % of the total weight of the Guinea fowl egg which is 9 % of that of a chicken. The physical characteristics of the egg play an important role in the processes of embryo development and successful hatching. The size of the egg and internal quality of eggs are important for both table and hatching eggs. The nutrient content of Guinea fowl eggs and the weight of day-old keets depend on the size of the egg. Egg size has positive effect on the weight of keets and subsequent growth of Guinea fowl. The size of the egg positively influenced the overall performance of Guinea fowl. Hence, Guinea fowl producers and breeders must consider egg selection activities for higher productivity.
662 GRAVIDIC ACUTE HEPATIC STEATOSIS: ABOUT TWO CASES , Kamal El Moussaoui*, Zainab Khallouk, Sara Bouhach, Najia Zraidi, Ghrab Ibrahim, Amina Lakhdar, Aziz Baidada and Aicha Kharbah Acute gravid hepatic steatosis is a serious pathology threatening the vital and maternal prognosis. Diagnosisshouldbe made in a woman with nausea and vomiting during the 3rd trimester. Early management improves fetal and maternal prognosis. We report the case of two patients presenting a SHAG, taken care of at the Souissi Maternity, Rabat, where the low pathway is admitted, with clinical and biological monitoring and with management of the complications, and recallthroughthiswork, Pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria and modalities of management of this condition.
663 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND COMPLIANCE OF HAND HYGIENE AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF DHAKA CITY. , Dr. Kasekh Akhtar Jahan, *Dr. SM Mamun Iqbal, Prof. Dr. Manzurul Haque Khan and Dr. Arman Zahed Basunia Introduction: Proper hand hygiene is an important means of preventing hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to provide information on knowledge, attitude and compliance of hand hygiene among health workers in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period 1st November 2014 to April 2015 to assess knowledge, attitude and compliance regarding hand hygiene among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka. A total of 12 units/wards of the hospital were selected for data collection, doctors and nurses of these units were taken as the study population. The researcher visited both the groups and explained the nature of the study. Verbal consent was obtained from those who volunteered to participate. Knowledge and attitude towards hand hygiene was assessed using self-administered questionnaires and the hand hygiene was observed directly for compliance. Results: Among the 336 study participants only 5.1% had poor knowledge whereas the vast majority (81.3%) had moderate knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Most of the respondents (59.20 %) were found to have moderate attitude towards hand hygiene. It was also found that significantly higher proportion of nurses (74.90%) had undergone through hand hygiene training compared to doctors (19.7%). The overall compliance was found to be 62.32%, and it was higher among nurses than among doctors (63.24% versus 55.96%). Highest compliance (90.09%) was found for moment two; i.e., “before doing any clean/aseptic procedure”, and least compliance (23.07%) was found for moment five; i.e., “after touching patient’s surroundings” of hand hygiene opportunities. Significant association was found between level of knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of healthcare workers. Also, hand hygiene training was found to be significantly associated with level of knowledge, attitude and compliance among the healthcare workers. Conclusion: Present study highlights the need of multi disciplinary, multifaceted approach with special attention to repeated training with evaluation and feedback regarding hand hygiene practices among the health care workers to increase the knowledge and attitude which may play a very important role in increasing hand hygiene compliance and reducing cross transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Further study is also needed to explore the reasons for non-compliance at institutional and national level.
664 THE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT MOUTHWASH ON SALIVA BUFFERING CAPACITY AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT. , Hala A. Khoriba*, Maha A. Niazy and Doaa A. El Sharkawy Objective: This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the anti-cariogenic effect of Miswak and Grape seed extract (GSE) in comparison to fluoride. Materials and Methods: GSE 6.5% and sodium fluoride 0.05% mouthwashes were prepared before beginning of the study. 30 patients were allocated randomly into three groups; (n=10) M1: used Miswak sticks, M2: rinsed with (6.5%) GSE mouthwash, and M3: rinsed with (0.05%) sodium fluoride mouthwash. Patients used their treatments for 2minutes, twice per day for three months. Unstimulated saliva sam-ples were collected at baseline, after one month and after three months. The bacterial count was assessed through streptococcus mutans culturing, and colonies forming units were counted. Saliva buffering capacity (BC) was as-sessed using a quantitative method using a hand-held pH meter. Data were statistically analyzed, and the signifi-cance level was set at p ≤0.05. Results: All groups showed a significant decrease in bacterial count by time. There was no significant difference in bacterial count between groups after one month. After three months miswak and GSE significantly decreased bacterial count compared to fluoride. By time, GSE showed a significant decrease in saliva buffering capacity while, miswak and fluoride showed non-significant decrease in saliva buffering capacity. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of the tested materials is time dependent, while having a negative effect on saliva buffering capacity being prominent with GSE.
665 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF NUTRACEUTICALS IN INDIA, MENA AND SEA COUNTRIES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN CORONA VIRUS , Nishi Shah, Navdha Soni*, Darshil Shah, Dr. Jignesh Shah and Dr. Dilip. G. Maheshwari Nutraceuticals, is any food or part of a food that offers medical advantages, including forestalling or treating illness, have arisen as a requirement for shoppers in both created and non-industrial nations. Ð wide reach Ð¾f Ñ€rÐ¾duÑts Ð°re mÐ°rketed Ð°s nutrÐ°ÑeutiÑÐ°ls. These inÑlude vitÐ°mins Ð°nd essentiÐ°l minerÐ°ls, Ñ€Ð¾lyunsÐ°turÐ°ted Ð°nd mÐ¾nÐ¾unsÐ°turÐ°ted fÐ°tty Ð°Ñids, Ð°nd Ð° vÐ°riety Ð¾f herbÐ°l Ñ€rÐ¾duÑts thÐ°t hÐ°ve different ÑlÐ°ims Ð¾f heÐ°lth-Ñ€rÐ¾mÐ¾ting Ñ€rÐ¾Ñ€erties. The nutrÐ°ÑeutiÑÐ°l business hÐ°s arose Ð°s Ð°n imÑ€Ð¾rtÐ°nt Ñ€Ð°rt Ð¾f the fÐ¾Ð¾d business. With high eÑÐ¾nÐ¾miÑ grÐ¾wth, inÑreÐ°sing inÑÐ¾me Ð°nd ÑhÐ°nging ways of life, the mÐ°rket is grÐ¾wing enÐ¾rmÐ¾usly. For the control of value and wellbeing of the items different administrative rules set by the particular governments become significant; This can be a genuine driver of the business' development. This article gives a concise outline of the nutraceuticals guideline of the Indian MENA and SEA nations. It principally centers around the examination of the legitimate system and design of nutraceuticals in SEA MENA and India with the fit specialized prerequisites for enrolling a nutraceutical item around there. This audit clarifies the significant impacts of nutraceuticals and dietary or wellbeing supplements on repressing viral section and offers another point of view for the anticipation and treatment of COVID-19.
666 COMBATING REFRACTIVE ERRORS WITH AYURVEDA: NEED OF THE HOUR , *Dr. Shrawan Kumar Sahu, Dr. Rahul D. Ghuse, Dr. Ashok Kumar Sinha, and Dr. Sunil Kumar Pandey Worldwide, uncorrected refractive errors (URE) are the leading cause of vision impairment and the second leading cause of blindness in developing countries. Visual impairment and blindness caused by URE in adults can have severe impact on social and economic well-being. Although there is ample availability of advanced technology in the form of different types of spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery, it is neither free from adverse effects nor cost effective and hence not suitable for people at large. Hence, there is an earnest need for a cost effective remedy of the disorder under discussion, which should be free from any untoward effect. Ayurveda, an ancient healing science may do this job, since this describes a group of remedial procedures and regimen fulfilling these criteria. This article is for the description of the same. Here, several clinical studies carried out on refractive errors at different Ayurvedic Institutes of India have also been presented. Symptoms of refractive errors are comparable with those of Timira described in Ayurveda and can be successfully alleviated by Kriyakalpa (specific ocular therapeutic procedures), Nasya (nasal administration of medicine) coupled with eye friendly diet and regimen.
667 AN OVERVIEW OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY , *Arnab Majumder, Dr. Falguni Patra and Dr. Beduin Mahanti The major challenge featured by today’s apothecary and formulation man of science is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is that the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, particularly for the treatment of anterior section diseases. Also, therapeutic drug levels aren't maintained for extended length in target tissues. Within the past 20 years, ocular drug delivery analysis accelerated advanced towards developing a unique, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery techniques, anterior phase drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of standard topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers.The most commonly utilized conventional preparations of ophthalmic dosage forms are the solutions, suspensions and ointments which are relatively inefficient as therapeutic systems.By using prolonged drug delivery, the duration of drug action can be remarkably prolonged and also the frequency of drug administration can be reduced. Such a drug delivery can be achieved by designing formulations such as contact lens, microneedles, nanosuspension, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanomicelles which can act as efficient ocular drug delivery system.
668 LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME DIET -A REVIEW , Prathiba H. D. and Chandrakant S. Karigar* Modern human lifestyle has led to the significant reduction in physical activity, adequate exercise and balanced diet consumption. All these factors are the chief cause of worldwide epidemic of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is not only associated with liver-related morbidity and mortality, but also with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVDs) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity and NAFLD associated pathological features are together known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is considered as a primary risk factor for atherosclerotic complications and deaths. Therefore, MetS become major health problem of 21st century and the preventive strategies are very essential to cure this syndrome. The very important preventive methods include lifestyle management programs like regular exercise regimen and healthy diets which have been shown to be a beneficial option on overall metabolism of the body. The pathological hallmark of NAFLD is also linked to dyslipidemia, which is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C levels, and high LDL-C levels. Lowering the triglycerides and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDLs) levels thereby increasing the High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum has been reported to reduce the risk of CVDs in NAFLD patients. Hence, it is important to identify early metabolic variations and to prevent these diseases and their advancement. This article aims to provide knowledge concerning the role of healthy lifestyle management, proper nutrition and adequate physical activities which have beneficial effects on human health and longevity.
669 AN OVERVIEW ON PROMISING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASSETS OF NATURAL HIMALAYAN VIAGRA (CORDYCEPS SINENSIS) , Rajesh K. Yadav, Ashok K. Kakodia, Atul Tiwari, Lakha Ram, Lakshya Chaudhary and Raaz K. Maheshwari* Cordyceps, a caterpillar fungus is found to be used as high medicinal value by the people around the world. It is a highly valued aphrodisiac commonly known as “Himalayan Viagra”. Cordyceps spp. genus compromises a plethora of compounds and some of them showed therapeutic and pharmacological activities. Yarsagumba is known to science as Ophiocordyceps sinensis The taste is of mushroom, flavoursome, sweet and neutral in nature. It can be eaten plain or powdered, mixed with milk or water. It is considered to have high medicinal value and used to treat diseases like cancer, diabetes, pulmonary diseases cardiovascular disorder, sexual dysfunction, renal disease and many other diseases for centuries in Chinese Traditional Medicine and Bhutanese Indigenous Medicine. The present study reviews about its basic knowledge, about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on various medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological studies conducted so far.
670 RTM-1355 (JWALA TARA): A NEW TARAMIRA VARIETY FOR RAINFED AREAS OF INDIA , M. L. Jakhar, Manohar Ram*, Priyanka Kumawat, D. K. Gothwal and B. L. Kumhar A new taramira variety RTM-1355 (Jwala Tara) is released and notified for rainfed areas of states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, UP, MP, Gujarat, Delhi, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra. The variety has been released owing to its superior performance in terms of yield, seed size, maturity duration, high oil content and resistance to aphids, various diseases and tolerance to moisture stress. It can be hoped that RTM-1355 (Jwala Tara) will be a boon to raise the production and productivity of taramira in rainfed areas of India specially for Rajasthan.
671 A REVIEW ON TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIAL STUDIES, CLINICAL TRIALS ETHICS, AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE RESEARCH , A.Bharath Kumar*, B. Dwarakesh, V.Ananda Deepak A clinical trial is an experimental study that evaluate new medical treatment effectiveness is compared to an existing treatment. Initially all the new drugs must pass into preclinical studies. A preclinical study involves in-vitro studies. Clinical trials consist of four phases that includes Phase I, II,III,IV. Phase I clinical trials studied in a small number of healthy volunteers. The dose level toxicity determined use of multiple statistical designs. Phase II trials conducted in a small number of volunteers who have the illness. The drug level dose, toxicity, dose frequencies, administration, safety, efficacy, and the study endpoint will be determined to start phase III trials. Phase III study is conducted in larger patients to confirm efficacy and to identify the incidence of common adverse reactions. In this phase a sponsor to conduct a phase IV trial as a stipulation for drug approval. Phase IV trials referred to observational studies performed for FDA-approved drugs. There are various types of clinical trials includes experiments and comparative analyses, observational studies, surveys etc. Clinical trials aim to prove the therapeutic effectiveness of a new drug by conducting biological assays, toxicity studies, and pharmacokinetics studies will enhance the drug efficacy. Clinical trials are designed to monitor the new drug outcomes in human subjects. Randomization is commonly followed in the clinical trials to remove the occurrence of bias of study results. Clinical trials professionals strive to provide advanced patient services could enhance the patient’s health outcomes and minimize the treatment related harmful effects.
672 COVID 19: A RE-EMERGING PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE , *Sumit Kailas Musale, Shweta Shamrao Dhavane, Rinku Mukund Bhavsar and Ankita Vitthalrao Bhosale The corona virus is named as a COVID-19 (Co-corona, vi-Virus, d-Disease), which is easily transmitted from person to person. The main symptoms of corona virus is sore throat, Runny nose, Headache, Difficulty in breathing, etc. The corona virus majorly affects the respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Corona viruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that causes illness ranging from the common cold to more sever disease such as Middle East Respiratory (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel corona virus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. Corona viruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people. Corona viruses are large, enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses. They are the largest genome among all RNA viruses. The corona viruses spread from person to person among close contacts. Currently, there is no specific medicine or vaccine for COVID-19 and no medicines vaccines have been fully tested for safety and efficacy. At present, antiviral therapy is mainly used, as well as symptomatic and supportive treatment based on clinical condition of the patient. Avoid the meeting to infected person, leave from the infected area are the some measures to control the viral infection.
673 STUDY OF VITAMIN D AND FERRITIN LEVELS IN SARS-COV-2 POSITIVE PATIENTS BY PCR AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ANTIBODY INDEX IgG. , Angel San Miguel Hernández*, María San Miguel Rodríguez, Julia San Miguel Rodríguez and Angel San Miguel Rodríguez Currently, it is stated that patients with Covid-19 have low levels of vitamin D and high levels of ferritin in some of the phases of their disease. Vitamin D levels have been studied in 159 patients who initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR and whose level of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured in order to calculate their e index. try to see the relationship with vitamin D levels. The mean of the index values found against the IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 of the 159 patients studied presented a value of 5.14 ±2.22. We have also observed that the mean of the vitamin D values found in these same patients presented a value of 19.7±8.3 ug/L. And the mean of the ferritin values found in the 91 patients presented a value of 956.6 ±405.2 ng/ml, with normal values in our laboratory of 10-120 ng/ml. In our study, we did not find statistically significant differences when comparing vitamin D levels with the SARS-CoV-2 antibody index by linear regression in the 159 patients studied (p > 0.05). Although we have observed in our case, that there is an important group of patients who have the highest levels of Vitamin D, with the lowest levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, but without finding statistically significant differences. Nor have we found statistically significant differences when comparing ferritin levels with the SARS-CoV-2 antibody index, in the 91 patients studied (p > 0.05). Not even when we compared vitamin D levels with ferritin levels, we could not find significant differences in their correlation either. This could be due to the fact that our patients studied were not stratified according to clinical severity and were patients who were in hospitalization and in the ICU and in different phases of the disease. Covid-19 patients with lower vitamin D levels also have elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as ferritin and other markers. So if the treatment with vitamin D plays a role in the prevention of the disease or in the improvement of the prognosis of patients with Covid-19; this will have to be elucidated in large randomized controlled trials, as these studies are necessary to precisely define the role of supplementation with this vitamin in future waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
674 DETECTION OF FLAVANOIDS, TANNINS, PHENOLS AND PHENOLIC FLAVANOIDS IN VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ANNONA MURICATA USING LEAD ACETATE TEST , S.V.P. Easwari* This recent research results obtained from the qualitative screening using lead acetate test to detect phenolic flavonoids, tannins, phenols and flavonoids in various solvent extracts of Annona muricata rely on the visual color change reactions as a basic response to the presence of a specific phytochemical compound. Annona muricata belongs to Annonaceae which is now used as natural therapy for treating cancer. The different solvent extracts showed different phytochemicals by the analysis using lead acetate test. Flavanoids were detected in Methanol Fresh, Methanol Dry, Petroleum Ether Fresh and Hexane Fresh extracts, Tannins and Phenols were present in acetone fresh Aqueous dry and fresh extracts Phenolic flavonoids were present in Acetone Dry, Butanol Fresh, Butanol Dry, Chloroform Fresh, Chloroform Dry, Ethanol Fresh, Ethanol Dry, Ethylacetate Fresh, Ethylacetate Dry, Petroleum ether Dry, Iso amyl Alcohol Fresh, Isoamyl Alcohol Dry, Hexane Dry and was absent in all other tested extracts.
675 DESIGN, IN SILICO SCREENING, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF A NOVEL BENZOTRIAZOLE DERIVATIVE AGAINST THE TYROSYL t-RNA SYNTHETASE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS , Patil Tejaswini D.* and Amrutkar Sunil V. The emergence of resistance to currently available antimicrobial drugs necessitates the development of new molecules as a potential alternative. One of the most commonly used methods for designing active ligands to the fixed structure of a target protein is molecular docking. The aim of this study is to find the best docking confirmation of benzotriazole derivatives against the Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases enzyme (PDB: 1JIJ) in order to predict their antimicrobial potential. In comparison to the reference ligand, BZT10 has the lowest binding energy. BZT4 and BZT8 also show considerable binding affinity towards Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases (PDB: 1JIJ). In silico ADME research of benzotriazole was carried out using PreADMET online server. The study found that the pharmacokinetics were optimal, with good oral absorption and low toxicity.
676 INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF DENGUE VECTORS, AEDES AEGYPTI(L.) AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS (S.) IN SELECTED LOCALITIES OF DISTRICT DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND , Iftikhar Ul Haq, Sundar Singh* and Gopal Chhetry Dengue is one of the most common arthropod borne viral disease which is transmitted mainly by two vector species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Immature stages were collected from selected localities of district Dehradun and incubated for hatching in insecterium for rearing upto adult stage. The adults were then identified by using the pictorial keys. The susceptibility status of both the species against different insecticides was assessed by using the WHO standard bioassay tests. Larval bioassays of both the population shows incipient resistance against temphos while adult susceptibility testing results showed that Ae. aegypti was resistant to DDT and Fenitrothion, susceptible for Endosulphan and probable resistant to Malathion, Deltamethrin and Permethrin, while Ae. albopictus is resistant to DDT and Probable resistant to other insecticides.
677 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MENTHA PULEGIUM L.VAR. ERECTA , *Padmavathi S. Rao and Girdharilal B. Tiwari Mentha pulegium L. var. erecta has remarkable medicinal properties and is recently reported for the first time in Vidarbha region. There is a growing interest of industry to replace synthetic chemicals by natural products with bioactive properties from plant origin. The aim of this study was to validate the therapeutic properties of Mentha pulegium L. commonly known as Pennyroyal, by conducting a qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals, to determine the chemical composition of secondary metabolites. The whole plant has various bioactive components or phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. The present study was carried out to find the availability of these important phyto-constituents in aqueous, methanol and ethanol crude extracts. Quantitative analysis was also carried out for three metabolites. This species has never been investigated pharmacologically till now, even if its properties were traditionally well-known. In view of this reason, Pennyroyal was selected for phytochemical analysis.
678 FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RELATION TO DRUG CONSUMPTION: ITS INTERACTIONS , Almudena Sánchez Martín, Angel San Miguel Rodríguez, Julia San Miguel Rodríguez, Angel San Miguel Hernández* and Carmen Lozano Estevan Introduction: Food-drug interactions are unknown in many cases by health professionals, which modifies their therapeutic action. Objectives: To provide sufficient information on the interactions that occur when administering a food when the patient is taking a drug and to prevent it from their joint consumption has clinical significance. Material and method: A literature review was carried out in the Medline (pubmed) databases, in the Pubmed and Scielo databases. The only filter used was language, searching only articles written in Spanish and English. All types of studies have been included except AMI with alcohol. Results: Out of a total of 285 articles, a total of 133 have been included in this review. Of them, 39 describe the main AMI that decrease the therapeutic effect of drugs due to various mechanisms of action and 28 the main AMI that increase the effect. drug therapy. Food-drug interactions can be inhibitors or enhancers of the therapeutic action of drugs, in many cases, these interactions can lead to the administered drug becoming toxic or, on the contrary, not exerting the expected therapeutic effect. Discussion: It is a subject of great study but health professionals who have a low degree of knowledge of AMI to guarantee a better therapeutic treatment. Conclusion: The fact that there is an interaction is not always negative and can sometimes be used for the benefit of therapy. To quickly reach high therapeutic levels, medications must be administered outside of meals with a glass of water. On the contrary, if the drugs cause gastric irritation or if you want to delay their action or achieve lower plasma levels, the drugs should be administered with food.
679 AWARENESS ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING SYSTEM IN INDIA: A CONSUMER SURVEY , Rishab Dhir, Arshvir Kaur and Rajani Mathur* Objective: Worldwide, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been recognized as the driving cause of mortality and morbidity. In India, PvPI has various methods to empower the reporting system of ADRs but direct reporting rate by the consumer is still low. So, this study was designed to determine the level of consumer or patient awareness on ADR and ADR reporting system in India amongst population of different age groups, profession and academic backgrounds etc. Method: A total of 100 people who gave consent were included as respondent for the self-administered survey questionnaire designed as a Google form and circulated via emails, online links, and the Whatsapp platform. A Pearson Chi (χ2) test was performed to determine significant differences and associations between categorical variables and responses. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used in an analysis to predict correlation in variables. The data was analyzed using PSPP software version 1.4.1. Results: The response rate was 100% and majority of respondents were aware of ADR (69.3%), and had actually experienced adverse drug reactions (52%) with the use of allopathic medicine (64.4%) followed by cosmetic products. Few respondents knew about ADR through Pharmacists and Doctors (16.5 %), out of which male respondents were in majority but female respondents were found to be more active in reporting (64%). Only 43.6% of respondents were aware that they can directly report the ADR to the regulatory agency (mainly pharmacy and medical students not the non-medical professionals) but only 23% of respondents were aware of the reporting websites and ADR consumer form. ADR reporting system awareness was higher in younger adults (20-25 years) mainly male students from Pharmacy/Medical background but reporting rate remained low (χ2, p value=0.001, T value 0.001) and reporting rate was more in male (χ2, p value=0.025, T value 0.026) belonging to the profession of servicemen/private employees (χ2, p value=0.005). Conclusion: In general, younger adult males with pharmacy/medical backgrounds had experienced more ADRs, had more awareness of ADRs and ADR reporting system but still the ADR reporting rate was found to be low amongst them due to be unawareness of any regulatory agency and consumer ADR website form.
680 MANAGEMENT OF MUKHDUSHIKA WITH JALAUKAVACHARANA – SINGLE CASE STUDY , Dr. Shifali Sahu*, Dr. Veerayya R. Hiremath, Dr. Shashikala K. and Dr. Gururaj N. Face is the most beautiful part of human body and is affected by certain anomaly at any age of life. In present scenario Mukhadushika (Acne vulgaris) is the most common skin disease which affects the social and emotional health of an individual. Mukhadushika or Yuvanapidika is categorized under Kshudraroga which is characterized with shalmali thorn like eruption on the face due to vitiation of kapha, vata and rakta. The treatment includes both Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa. Acne vulgaris is described as a chronic inflammatory disorder of sebaceous follicles characterized by the formation of Comedones, papules and pastules, less frequently nodules or cysts. The treatment includes oral antibiotic, topical applications, surgery, and laser therapy. A 20 yrs old male patient Visited Our Opd with complaints of pimple on both cheeks and forehead with itching and burning sensation since 1yr. the treatment planned was Jalaukavacharana, aarogyavardhini vati, and manjisthadi kwath. Jalaukavacharana removes vitiated blood and works as anti inflammatory, thus reducing the mukhadushika. Oral drugs possess properties like Varnya, Kaphapitta Shamaka, Shothahara, Vranaropaka, Raktadoshaka, Vedanashamaka, Kandughna, Dahaprashamana,. The study reveals that shodhana chikitsa with shamana chikitsa is effective for the management of mukhdushika.
681 DISJUNCTION OF THE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS AFTER VAGINAL DELIVERY (INDIVIDUAL CASE STUDY) , *Elkoumi Jihad, Benkhaira Safaa, Youssouf Nabila, Jalal M., Lamrissi A., Fichtali Karima, Bouhya S. Pubic symphysis disjunction is described as enlargement of the pubic joint by more than 10 mm and is considered as an uncommon complication of vaginal delivery or pregnancy (1 in 300 to 1 in 30,000 pregnancies), for which no standard treatment has been defined. We present the case of a patient with severe pelvic pain complicated by impotence of the left lower limb that occurred 3 days after a dystocic vaginal delivery. The diagnosis of symphysis disjunction was confirmed by a radiology of the pelvis. The therapeutic management consisted of exclusive medical treatment. The evolution was favorable. Through this case, we will emphasize the characteristics of this pathology, especially the diagnosis, which will allow the practitioner to understand its interest, as well as the interest of an early and adapted management.
682 MAMMARY AND LYMPH NODE METASTASIS OF OVARIAN PSAMMOCARCINOMA , EL Qasseh R.*, Kiram H., Assal A., Boufettal H., Mahdaoui S. and Samouh N. The metastasis of breast ovarian cancer is an unusual situation as a remote location of cancer. We report the case of a patient aged 45 years operated for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma treated by total hysterectomy with omentectomie and chemotherapy. The balance sheet expansion was negative. Two years after the end of treatment, the patient was presented with a metastasis of right breast at the upper outer quadrant. Mammography has objectified opacity limited spiculée evil suspicious of malignancy. The lumpectomy expanded study has concluded an extemporaneous cystadenocarcinome ovarian serous papillary exeresis with healthy limits. A lymph node was done, he shows three out of ten lymph nodes invaded taken. The origin of intramammary carcinoma has been attributed to the ovary. The treatment consisted of chemotherapy. We realized with this observation, a literature review on specific forms of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
683 A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF GUDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GUDA-VALI , Dr. Mayank Sharma*, Prof. (Dr.) Renu Tripathi, Dr. Ashok Kumar Dwivedi and Dr. Mini K.V. Guda is a very important segment of the G.I. tract, present at its distal end, which serves the function of expulsion of the Mala and Apana Vayu, formed as residue after the metabolic transformation of the ingested food. Guda has been explained in many aspects like Malashaya, Pureeshvaha Srotas, Pranayatana, Koshthanga, place of Mooladhar chakra, Bahya Srotas, Adhishthan of Apana Vaayu, Karmendriya, etc. The concept of Guda has been beautifully explained both anatomically and functionally. Originating from the Matraj Bhava, Guda is described as Uttar and Adhar Guda, which, internally, comprises of three Vali – Pravahani, Visarjani and Samvarani. Vali refers to a fold or wrinkle. These Vali help in forcing the Mala downwards, relaxing the Guda for expulsion of Mala and contraction of the Guda after expulsion of Mala, respectively. Guda is also explained as an important Marma, categorized as a type of Sadyopranahara Marma, Mamsa Marma (according to Sushruta), Dhamani Marma (according to Ashtanga Hridaya) which is present in the Madhya Sharir and is of Atma Paani tala in Pramaan.
684 MARINE SERRATIA MARCESCENS CHITINASE PRODUCTION: MEDIUM CONSTITUTION AND OPTIMAL CONDITIONS , Ben Amar Cheba* Serratia an ubiquitous member of Enterobacteriaceae produce many extracellular enzymes. Serratia marcescens used in this study was marine strain previously identified and selected as hyper chitinase producer. In this research the optimum conditions for chitinase production were determined using one factor at time technique (OFAT) in shake flasks (submerged fermentation). The highest chitinase activity was obtained in 75% natural sea water, 0.5% crab shell colloidal chitin as essential carbon source, 0.2 % lactose as secondary carbon source, 0.5% peptone as nitrogen source, 8% NaCl and 2.5% as best inoculum size. The production also was optimum at initial pH: 6.5, temperature 30 0C, and 48 h incubation period at 150 rpm shaking. These results form the basis for large scale production as well as further improvement for the enzyme properties suitable for various applications in the future.
685 AN IN VITRO SCREENING OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FRESH WATER FISH PONDS , Arjun Ram* and Anju and Ravikant Twenty eight bacterial isolates belongs to Aeromona hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio Cholarea, Entrococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolate and identified on the basis of primary and secondary biochemical tests. The bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility test against clove, lemon and citronella essential oils at different concentrations. It was observed that the clove oil was found most effective against all the bacteria isolates as compared to other EOs. Thus use of essential oils or other plants originating compounds instead of antibiotics can help in diseases control and safe for environment due to its organic nature, furthermore it will reduce bio-magnification and antibacterial resistant strains.
686 SAFETY AND EFFICACY FOR THE COMBINATION OF PARACETAMOL, PHENYLEPHRINE AND LEVOCETIRIZINE IN PATIENTS OF COMMON COLD AND ALLERGIC RHINITIS: POST MARKETING SURVEILLANCE STUDY , Dr. Mayuresh Kiran, Lalit Pawaskar*, Pramita Waghambare and Shaheen Sheikh Introduction: Common cold and allergic rhinitis are the most commonly encountered diseases in clinical practices. Though it is self-limiting in nature, it causes major loss of school and work days. Single drug therapy is considered to be ineffective to provide complete symptomatic relief so the multiple drug combinations are commonly considered for the treatment. A combination of Paracetamol (anti-inflammatory/ antipyeretic), Phenylephrine (nasal decongestant) and Levocetirizine (anti-histaminic) can be used for the treatment of common cold and allergic rhinitis. This post marketing surveillance study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety for the combination of Paracetamol, Phenylephrine and Levocetirizine in treatment of common cold and allergic rhinitis. Methodology: Out of total 200 enrolled, 188 trial subjects completed the study. Efficacy assessment was done by reduction in total symptom score (TSS) which was extrapolated to four-point Likert type symptom severity scale. Safety assessment was made by analysing the reported adverse events during the study. Results: At baseline the mean TSS was 6.531 which was reduced to 3.345 by 48.778 % as compared to the baseline at day 3 and was further reduced to 0.935 by 85.672 % as compared to the baseline at day 5. In the population of recruited trial subjects, 22 adverse drug reactions (ADR) were reported by 17 trial subjects. All reported ADRs were of expected and non-serious nature. Conclusion: Combination of Paracetamol, Levocetirizine and Phenylephrine was found to be efficient and safe for the symptomatic treatment of common cold and allergic rhinitis.
687 REJUVENATION IS THE REINCARNATION OF NEW FACE TO SAY GOODBYE TO WRINKLES , Kushal Nandi, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Dhananjoy Saha and Angshul Saha Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process. Rejuvenation is distinct from life extension. Life extension strategies often study the causes of aging and try to oppose those causes in order to slow aging. Rejuvenation is the reversal of aging and thus requires a different strategy, namely repair of the damage that is associated with aging or replacement of damaged tissue with new tissue. Rejuvenation can be a means of life extension, but most life extension strategies do not involve rejuvenation. Various myths tell the stories about the quest for rejuvenation. It was believed that magic or intervention of a supernatural power can bring back youth and many mythical adventurers set out on a journey to do that, for themselves, their relatives or some authority that sent them anonymously. An ancient Chinese emperor actually sent out ships of young men and women to find a pearl that would rejuvenate him. This led to a myth among modern Chinese that Japan was founded by these people. In some religions, people were to be rejuvenated after death prior to placing them in heaven. The stories continued well into the 16th century. The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León led an expedition around the Caribbean islands and into Florida to find the Fountain of Youth. Led by the rumors, the expedition continued the search and many perished. The Fountain was nowhere to be found as locals were unaware of its exact location. Since the emergence of philosophy, sages and self-proclaimed wizards always made enormous efforts to find the secret of youth, both for themselves and for their noble patrons and sponsors. It was widely believed that some potions may restore the youth. Another commonly cited approach was attempting to transfer the essence of youth from young people to old. Some examples of this approach were sleeping with virgins or children (sometimes literally sleeping, not necessarily having sex), bathing in or drinking their blood. The quest for rejuvenation reached its height with alchemy. All around Europe, and also beyond, alchemists were looking for the Philosopher's Stone, the mythical substance that, as it was believed, could not only turn lead into gold, but also prolong life and restore youth. Although the set goal was not achieved, alchemy paved the way to the scientific method and so to the medical advances of today.
688 MOOD SWING: A COMPLETE PHENOMENA OF NEURO DISORDER FROM OBSESSIVENESS TO POSSESSIVENESS , *Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Tirthoraj Dan Mental illness, also called mental health disorders, refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviour. Mental health, defined by the World Health Organization, is "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". It is one type of disorder that affects our social activities in our life. There are many different mental disorders with different presentations. They are generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviour and relationships with others. Mental disorders include: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other psychoses, dementia, and developmental disorders including autism. There are effective strategies for preventing mental disorders such as depression. There are effective treatments for mental disorders and ways to alleviate the suffering caused by them. Access to health care and social services capable of providing treatment and social support is key. It is one type of the conditions that affect your thinking, feeling, mood, and behaviour. It may be occasional or long-lasting (chronic). It can affect your ability to relate to others and function each day. Now a days, it is one of the important disorder in our society.
689 TO STUDY THE QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR UNCOATED PARACETAMOL & NIMESULIDE TABLET IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY , *Viralbhai A. Prajapati, Mona A. Gupta, Prof. Dr. C. N. Patel, Prof. Dr. Pankaj H. Prajapati, Dr. Hitesh D. Karen, Dr. Laxman M. Prajapati and Prof. Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen A pharmaceutical uncoated tablet must satisfy certain standards to claim it to be a quality drug. The quality of any drug in dosage form is its safety, potency, stability, patient acceptability and compliance. The quality of tablet needs to be designed from the product development stage. Quality control test for uncoated tablet is strongly related to final product quality because checks performed during production in order to monitor and if necessary, to adjust the process to ensure that the product conform to its specification are the key for the good or excellence quality of a tablet. The main purpose of quality control test for uncoated tablet is to produce a perfect finished product quality control (FPQC) test for tablet are performed with specific quality control test or parameters within acceptance limit or not. The aim of this to study in process quality control test carried for uncoated Paracetamol & Nimesulide.
690 ETHNO MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF FAGONIA PLANT , Tayyaba Sarwar, Sidra Anwar, Iqra Amjad, Zakia Munir, Misbah Jameel, Asma Binish, Rimsha Mazhar and Arifa Khan* Fagonias is a tropical herb of the Rasid daicot family and is commonly known as Dhamasa and Dhamasia. Historically, this plant has been used to treat diseases such as dry skin, acne, pharyngitis, ear infections, genital diseases and has anti-pyretic properties. This natural herb is great for its active phytochemical components, namely carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoidal glycosides, amino acids, chlorides, sulfates, anthraquinoids, anthraquinoids, Fagonia species have many biological activities with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant and cardio protecting effects. This rumored drug activity makes Fagonia an important crop for any clinical analysis.
691 POWER OF HORROR AND CULTURAL POWER , *Dr. Byong-Hyon Han, Ph.D. The primitive world is a world of pure nature "before" the separation of man and nature; a world of disorderly nature in which nature and man are harmonized in undifferentiated states. A philosopher, literary theorist, psychoanalyst who developed her unique reasons, by discovering the semiotic, the "before" primitive world, divided into consciousness and unconsciousness, by uniquely reconstructing the unconscious three systems (imaginary, symbolic, and real world) advocated by Lacan is Julia Kristeva.[1-6]
692 DESIGN OF A NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DRUGS AND FOODS , Julia San Miguel Rodríguez*, Julita Rodríguez Barbero, Angel San Miguel Hernández, Angel San Miguel Rodríguez and María San Miguel Rodríguez Introduction and justification: Drug interactions on food (IMA) are the modifications that the drug produces in the use of food or its components, which affect nutritional status. Currently, the high proportion of the elderly population, polymedicated and with nutritional deficiencies, contribute to the high frequency of AMI. These factors, together with the limited information about the patient, justify carrying out the project. Objectives: To design an education program aimed at adult patients who are under treatment with drugs that interact with food, to avoid negative repercussions on their nutritional status. Design: The project is carried out during 1 year, in 120 users of a pharmacy office in pharmacological treatment. The selected drugs belong to the groups with the highest consumption and with the most nutritionally relevant interactions: gastrointestinal protectants, lipid-lowering, antidepressants and antihypertensives. Initial phase: The degree of knowledge of patients about the influence that drug treatment can have on their nutritional status is evaluated. An individualized dietetic-nutritional education is carried out to avoid interaction, reinforcing education in eating habits and healthy living. Follow-up phase: Consultations are carried out 3 and 6 months after the start, to detect incidents and reinforce motivation and adherence to the proposed educational plan. Evaluation phase: The degree of compliance and patient satisfaction is assessed, a methodological tool to propose corrective measures if necessary. Discussion: The degree of ignorance expected of the patients is higher than 80%. This project provides a new vision in the approach to interactions from a multidisciplinary strategy. It would allow a comprehensive education from the nutritional perspectives by the dietician-nutritionist and pharmacologist. Conclusions: The implementation of this program could help to prevent pharmacological treatment from negatively affecting nutritional status.
693 REVIEW ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF VINBLASTINE DRUG AND ITS DELIVERY SYSTEM , Muhammad Abdullah Ikram*, Wajid Iqbal and Hasan Shuja Vinblastine belongs to a class of a drug vinca alkaloids which is a chemical analogue of vincristine. The four major vinca alkaloids that are now used clinically include vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine and vinorelbine. They have been used to treat both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas breast cancer and germ cell tumour. Microtubules are component of cell that provide structural framework that enables cells to divide and grow. Vinblastine act as anti-microtubule agent and produced anticancer affects by causing abnormalities in microtubule formation in cells. This incomplete microtubule formation caused by vinblastine affect the cellular replication and inhibits the process of cell division due to which cell death occur. At the end we will discuss some precision based drug delivery systems which has proved to be very effective in loading drug to its target tissue.
694 APPRAISAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS , Alaa Yasin*, Muna Okasha, Mosheer Almagasgas, Tareq Aljbouri, Mustafa Qasem The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' awareness of hypertension. In addition, each participant was required to submit a questionnaire to a 20-item blood pressure patient. A total of 100 patients with hypertension participated Overall, 89% of patients were aware of their blood pressure (BP) data, but 69% thought normalization was impossible. 39% (n = 350) had BP values only <140/90 mm Hg .They said they were less aware of the proposed changes to the lifestyle. A total of 19% of respondents are covered by an automatic device. A total of 78% of them can prescribe their medications without the help of a pharmacist. Adverse reactions were reported by 9% of patients. In conclusion, people with high blood pressure are less aware of BP targets and slight changes and more education programs.
695 EVALUATE THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. , *Samar Alamro, Alaa Yasin, Sana Alsharari, Mosheer Almagasgas, Tareq Aljbour The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge and participation of pharmacists in the management of a hypertensive patient. All Royal Medical Services Pharmacies have been asked to complete a Pharmacist Questionnaire. A total of 40 pharmacies in the survey. Only 70% of pharmacists were able to provide a correct definition of hypertension. Most people believe that high blood pressure in the general population is well controlled and that both tolerance and compliance with blood pressure treatment are satisfactory. They can often provide 80% SBPM device, but 36% can only provide advice on recommended methods. As a result, pharmacists' knowledge is often wrong and must be improved through continuous education programs.
696 DETERMINATION OF RADON CONCENTRATION IN UNDERGROUND WATER WITH LATITUDE IN SELECTED AREAS IN THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA , Seth Adjei Owusu*, Eric Clement Desmond Kotei Adisson, Gabriel Acquah, Yaw Addo Bediako, Theophilus Baffoe Apraku and Job Donkor Radon is one of the carcinogenic radioactive gases. Radon causes radiological risk to the public via ingestion and inhalation. The aim of this study was to determine radon concentration in underground water in selected areas in and around Kumasi Metropolis of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Water samples were taken from Mowire, Kronum, Aburaso, Medoma, Kenyase, Buokrom, Bomfa, Ayeduase, Kotei and Tikrom. Water samples from boreholes and wells in the selected towns were sampled and the radon concentration level was measured. The Roll’s method was used for the radon concentration analysis on all the 100 samples from all the towns used for the study. Radon levels were found to vary from 4.82 ± 1.32 Bq/l to 964.63 Bq/l ± 320.896 Bq/l. At Kronum, the minimum and the maximum radon concentrations ranged from 17.09 to 83.89 in Bq/l with mean of 42.593 ± 20.55 Bq/l. Kenyase and Abira recorded mean radon concentration of 133.23 Bq/l. Buokrom had mean radon concentration of 29.14 Bq/l ± 10.07 Bq/l, Ayeduase and Kotei recorded mean radon concentration of 34.266 Bq/l ± 12.64 Bq/l, Bomfa recorded mean radon concentration of 21.18 ± Bq/l 11.04 Bq/l, Mowire and Tikrom recorded mean radon concentrations of 325.667 Bq/l and 689.053 Bq/l respectively. This study conclude that water samples rom Kronum, Buokrom, Ayeduase, Kotei and Bomfa had mean radon concentrations below the reference level of 100 Bql−1 proposed by WHO and EU Commission. Kenyase, Abira Mowire and Tikrom had mean radon concentrations above the reference level of 100 Bql−1 proposed by WHO and EU Commission.
697 RADIO-INDUCED BREAST ANGIOSARCOME: A CASE REPORT , S. Ibnoulkhatib, *I. E. l. Abbassi, A. Assal, M. Benhessou, M. Ennachit and M. Kerroumi Mammary angiosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors, which develop at the expense of conjunctival mammary vascular tissue. We report the observation of a radiation-induced angiosarcoma in a 61-year-old patient who underwent conservative surgery for ductal carcinoma of the left breast, secondly associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. 6 years ago. Through the latter we will discuss the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this type of tumor.
698 VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND FERMENTATION TIME TO PRODUCE QUALITY BLACK GARLIC , Miranti, Mahyu Danil, M. Nuh, Wan Bahroni Jiwar Barus, Yenni Asbur*, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe, Syamsafitri, Arif Anwar, Indra Gunawan, Murni Sari Rahayu, Mindalisma, Mahyuddin, Dedi Kusbiantoro, Khairunnisyah, Dian Hendrawan and Surya Dharma Black garlic is a fermented product of garlic which is heated at a temperature of 65-80 C with a humidity of 70-80% from room temperature for one month. Black garlic has a black color, is light because the water content is reduced and has a less pungent aroma and taste like garlic and has stronger antioxidant activity than garlic so it can be used to prevent diabetes complications. This study aims to determine the temperature and duration of garlic fermentation in order to produce high quality black garlic. The research was carried out at the agricultural technology laboratory of the UISU Faculty of Agriculture, Johor Building, Medan. The study used a factorial completely randomized design with three replications with temperature and duration of fermentation as treatment. The results showed that a temperature of 60-75°C and a fermentation time of 7-13 days were still able to produce the best quality black garlic.
699 THE EFFECT OF WATER SUPPLY ON LEAVES CONTENT OF N, P, AND K OF SOME COFFEE VARIETIES , Sri Hafnida Ritonga, Muhammad Rafiq Anas, Nurhayati, Murni Sari Rahayu, Yenni Asbur* and Yayuk Purwaningrum The Wate